CN115033833B - Agricultural irrigation water quota computing system - Google Patents
Agricultural irrigation water quota computing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an agricultural irrigation water quota calculation system which comprises a data acquisition module, a theoretical agricultural irrigation quota calculation module, an agricultural irrigation water quota verification module, an agricultural irrigation quota decomposition module and an agricultural irrigation water quota inquiry and release module which are sequentially in communication connection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and particularly relates to a design of an agricultural irrigation water quota calculation system.
Background
In agricultural irrigation, water conservation standards and water usage ratings are scales that measure the level of water that is conserved. The method accelerates the establishment of scientific and effective water ration, and is a work which must be pioneered in the new situation of water saving work. In recent years, water usage quota is increasingly used as one of the main contents of water usage efficiency management, and agricultural water conservation management is the key for improving the overall water usage level in China. According to the Chinese water resource communique, the agricultural water consumption is 3612.4 hundred million m in 2020 3 And the water accounts for 62.1 percent of the total water. Irrigation water accounts for more than 90% of agricultural water and is the first water consumer, but water consumption is relatively extensive, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water is only 0.565. Compared with industrial water, urban domestic water and the like, agriculture is still the main battlefield for water saving in China and also the main potential of water saving.
In the prior agricultural irrigation quota calculation, the key parameters such as A-P formula coefficients, crop coefficients, effective precipitation calculation parameters and the like mostly adopt recommended parameter values, and the problem of low irrigation water quota calculation precision and the like is caused because the heterogeneity of an underlying surface is not considered; in typical years, annual precipitation or precipitation in a growth period is selected to carry out emission frequency analysis, and due to randomness of precipitation and difference of precipitation rain intensity, the precipitation effectiveness of different hydrological years in the growth period is greatly different, and even paradoxical problems that the irrigation quota calculation value of the open water year is larger than that of the arid year are caused. In addition, the existing water consumption quota calculation mainly refers to the whole growth irrigation quota calculation, and as the irrigation quota is not distributed to the irrigation growth period, the irrigation area is difficult to support the refined water distribution management, and the method has no practical guiding significance on the actual irrigation operation aspects such as the irrigation time, the irrigation quantity and the like in the actual production work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of heterogeneous limitation of an underlying surface and difficulty in decomposing the quota of irrigation water in the quota calculation of agricultural irrigation water, and provides an agricultural irrigation water quota calculating system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an agricultural irrigation water quota calculation system comprises a data acquisition module, a theoretical agricultural irrigation water quota calculation module, an agricultural irrigation water quota verification module, an agricultural irrigation water quota decomposition module and an agricultural irrigation water quota query and release module which are sequentially in communication connection; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a data set for calculating the agricultural irrigation quota of the designated irrigation partition; the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota calculation module is used for calculating theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea of different frequency years according to the data set; the agricultural irrigation water quota checking module is used for adjusting the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea to coordinate with the agricultural water total amount control index of the subarea; the agricultural irrigation quota decomposing module is used for decomposing the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea into the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the key growth period of the crop; the agricultural irrigation water quota inquiry and release module is used for inquiring and releasing the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea, the theoretical irrigation quota of the key growth period and the water-saving irrigation quota.
Furthermore, the data acquisition module comprises a theoretical agricultural irrigation quota data acquisition unit and an agricultural irrigation water quota verification data acquisition unit; the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a data set for calculating theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in designated irrigation subareas with different frequencies, wherein the data set comprises at least near 30-year calendar historical weather data and corresponding precipitation data in the designated irrigation subareas and areas adjacent to the subareas, a distributed A-P formula correction coefficient, a distributed main crop coefficient and a distributed effective precipitation calculation parameter; the agricultural irrigation water quota verification data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a data set for verifying theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea, wherein the data set comprises agricultural irrigation test data of the designated irrigation subarea, an agricultural water total amount control index, an irrigation water effective utilization coefficient, a planting structure and an irrigation area.
Furthermore, the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota calculating module comprises a reference crop evapotranspiration amount calculating unit, a crop water demand calculating unit, a crop effective precipitation amount calculating unit, a crop theoretical irrigation quota calculating unit, a typical annual crop theoretical irrigation quota screening unit and a typical annual crop water-saving irrigation quota calculating unit; the reference crop evapotranspiration amount calculating unit is used for calculating the reference crop evapotranspiration amount of the meteorological station in the designated irrigation subarea and the area adjacent to the subarea; the crop water demand calculation unit is used for calculating the crop water demand in the designated irrigation partition according to the reference crop evapotranspiration; the crop effective precipitation calculation unit is used for calculating the effective precipitation in the main crop growth period in the designated irrigation partition; the crop theoretical irrigation quota calculating unit is used for calculating the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation partition according to the crop water demand and the effective precipitation in the crop growth period; the typical year crop theoretical irrigation quota screening unit and the typical year crop water-saving irrigation quota calculating unit are used for determining a typical year corresponding to any frequency year of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea and determining the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the main crop in the typical year.
Further, the reference crop transpiration amount calculation unit calculates the reference crop transpiration amount by adopting a Peneman formula:
R n ＝R ns -R nl
R ns ＝(1-α)R s
wherein ET 0 Denotes the amount of transpiration of the reference crop, R n Representing the net radiation, G the soil heat flux, gamma the hygrometer constant, T the average air temperature at a height of 2m, u 2 Denotes the wind speed at 2m height, e s Denotes the saturated water vapour pressure, e a Representing the actual water vapour pressure, delta represents the slope of the temperature water vapour pressure curve, R ns Means netShort wave radiation, R nl Representing net wavelength radiation, alpha representing the reference crop reflectivity, R s Representing solar radiation, N representing actual sunshine hours, N representing theoretical sunshine hours, R a Representing zenith radiance, both a, b are regression coefficients, which employ corrected distribution parameter values.
Further, the formula for calculating the crop water demand by the crop water demand calculation unit is as follows:
ET cij ＝K ci ×ET 0j
wherein K ci Denotes the coefficient of the i crop, ET ji Showing the crop water consumption of the ith crop in the j year by simulating the crop growth model under the full irrigation condition, showing the water consumption under the conventional flooding irrigation for the paddy field crops, showing the water consumption under the condition that the crop is not affected by the drought for the dry land crops, ET 0j Showing the transpiration amount of the reference crop in the j year, wherein m is a meteorological data time sequence and is more than or equal to 30 years, ET cij Indicating the water demand of the i-th crop at j years.
Further, in the crop effective precipitation calculation unit, if the designated irrigation partition is a paddy field crop, the crop effective precipitation calculation formula is as follows:
if the designated irrigation subarea is dry-land crops, calculating the effective precipitation of the crops by adopting an improved USDA-SCS method, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein P is ejw Represents the effective precipitation amount, P, of the paddy field crop of the j year rjw Expressing the precipitation of the r-th day paddy field crop in the j-th year, D rjw Indicates day r of j yearThe water displacement of the paddy field crop, n is the number of days of the growth period of the paddy field crop, P ejd Indicating the effective precipitation of the dry land crop in the j-th year,
representing the improvement factor by using a distributed correction parameter, SF representing the soil moisture storage factor, P tjd Shows the precipitation of the dry land crop in jth year, ET ctjd And (4) representing the water demand of the dry land crops in the jth th year, wherein u is the total number of the growth period of the dry land crops.
Further, in the theoretical irrigation quota calculating unit, if the designated irrigation partition is a paddy field crop, the theoretical irrigation quota calculating formula of each main crop is as follows:
I jw ＝ET cjw +R j -P ejw
if the designated irrigation zone is dry-land crops, the calculation formula of the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop is as follows:
I jd ＝ET cjd -P ejd
wherein I jw Theoretical irrigation quota, ET, representing the growth period of the paddy field crop of the j-th year cjw Indicates the water demand of the paddy field crop of the j year R j Shows the amount of leakage of the paddy field crop in the j year, P ejw Shows the effective precipitation amount of the paddy field crop of the j year, I jd Theoretical irrigation quota, ET, representing the growth period of the dry crop in the j-th year cjd Denotes the water demand of the dry crop of the j year, P ejd The effective precipitation of the dry crops in the j-th year is shown.
Furthermore, the agricultural irrigation water quota verifying module comprises a single crop irrigation quota verifying unit and an agricultural water quota system verifying unit; the single crop irrigation quota verifying unit is used for determining the initial irrigation quota value of a single crop in different frequency years of the designated irrigation partition; and the agricultural water quota system check unit is used for judging whether the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea meets an agricultural water quota system check formula, if so, confirming the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea, and otherwise, sequentially reducing the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop according to the sequence of the irrigation area of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea from large to small until the agricultural water quota system check formula is established.
Further, the calculation formula of the initial value of the irrigation quota of the single crop in the single crop irrigation quota verifying unit is as follows:
I i (initial value) ＝I i +I i (additive)
The agricultural water rating system calibration formula in the agricultural water rating system calibration unit is as follows:
∑I i (initial value) ×S i /μ≤min(w Threshold value ，W For supplying to )
Wherein I i (initial value) Denotes the initial value of irrigation quota for the I-th crop, I i Theoretical irrigation quota, I, representing the growth period of the I crop i (addition) Indicates the additional water ration outside the growth period of the i-th crop, S i Denotes the effective irrigation area of the i-th crop, mu denotes the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water of the designated irrigation zone, w Threshold value Representing a total agricultural irrigation water control threshold, W, for a given irrigation zone For supplying to Indicating the agricultural irrigation water supply capacity of the designated irrigation zone.
Further, the agricultural irrigation quota decomposing module comprises an additional irrigation quota decomposing unit and an irrigation quota decomposing unit in a growth period; the additional irrigation quota decomposing unit is used for separating additional water quota outside the growth period of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea; the irrigation quota decomposing unit in the growth period is used for decomposing the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea into the corresponding theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the key growth period of the crop, wherein the water-saving irrigation quota is obtained by calculating the irrigation amount under the condition that the crop growth model simulates water-saving irrigation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method integrates data acquisition, agricultural irrigation quota calculation, decomposition, release and query, can provide technical support for crop irrigation quota calculation, analysis and query of any designated irrigation subarea, and provides basic data support for system implementation by combining regional agricultural water total control and quota management.
(2) The method fully considers the characteristics of each irrigation subarea, adopts distributed key parameters, breaks through the heterogeneity limitation of the underlying surface of the irrigation subarea, and greatly improves the quota calculation precision of agricultural irrigation water.
(3) The invention changes the traditional method of determining the annual precipitation and the precipitation in the growth period in typical years, and avoids the contradiction between the quantitative calculation of the irrigation water of crops in different frequency years.
(4) The invention introduces the calculation result of the irrigation system of the crop growth model, solves the problem of the conventional irrigation water quota decomposition, and provides an important reference for agricultural irrigation water quota popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of an agricultural irrigation water quota calculating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a distribution diagram of regression coefficients a and b according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, rather than to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an agricultural irrigation water quota calculating system, which comprises a data acquisition module, a theoretical agricultural irrigation water quota calculating module, an agricultural irrigation water quota verifying module, an agricultural irrigation water quota decomposing module and an agricultural irrigation water quota inquiring and issuing module, which are sequentially in communication connection with one another, as shown in fig. 1.
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring a data set for calculating the agricultural irrigation quota of the designated irrigation partition; the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota calculation module is used for calculating theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea of different frequency years according to the data set; the agricultural irrigation water quota checking module is used for adjusting the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea to coordinate with the agricultural water total amount control index of the subarea; the agricultural irrigation quota decomposing module is used for decomposing the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea into the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the key growth period of the crop; the agricultural irrigation water quota inquiring and issuing module is used for inquiring and issuing the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea, the theoretical irrigation quota of the key growth period and the water-saving irrigation quota.
As shown in fig. 1, the data acquisition module includes a theoretical agricultural irrigation quota data acquisition unit and an agricultural irrigation water quota verification data acquisition unit.
The theoretical agricultural irrigation quota data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a data set for calculating theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in designated irrigation subareas with different frequencies, wherein the data set comprises at least near 30-year calendar historical weather data and corresponding precipitation data, a distributed A-P formula correction coefficient, a distributed main crop coefficient and a distributed effective precipitation calculation parameter in the designated irrigation subareas and in the area adjacent to the subareas.
The agricultural irrigation water quota verification data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a data set for verifying theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea, wherein the data set comprises agricultural irrigation test data of the designated irrigation subarea, an agricultural water total amount control index, an irrigation water effective utilization coefficient, a planting structure and an irrigation area.
As shown in fig. 1, the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota calculation module includes a reference crop evapotranspiration amount calculation unit, a crop water demand calculation unit, a crop effective precipitation amount calculation unit, a crop theoretical irrigation quota calculation unit, a typical annual crop theoretical irrigation quota screening unit, and a typical annual crop water-saving irrigation quota calculation unit.
The reference crop transpiration amount calculating unit is used for calculating the reference crop transpiration amount of the meteorological station in the designated irrigation partition and the area adjacent to the partition.
In the embodiment of the invention, a reference crop evapotranspiration amount calculation unit calculates the reference crop evapotranspiration amount by adopting an A-P formula of a Peneman formula, in the embodiment of the invention, solar radiation in the Peneman formula is estimated by adopting the A-P formula, and coefficients a and b of the A-P formula adopt corrected distributed parameter values instead of FAO recommended values (a =0.25, b = 0.50):
R n ＝R ns -R nl
R ns ＝(1-α)R s
wherein ET 0 Indicating the amount of transpiration of the reference crop, R n Representing the net radiation, G the soil heat flux, gamma the hygrometer constant, T the average air temperature at a height of 2m, u 2 Denotes the wind speed at 2m height, e s Denotes the saturated water vapour pressure, e a Representing the actual water vapor pressure, delta representing the slope of the temperature water vapor pressure curve, R ns Representing net short wave radiation, R nl Representing net wavelength radiation, alpha representing the reference crop reflectance, R s Representing solar radiation, N representing actual sunshine hours, N representing theoretical sunshine hours, R a Representing zenith radiance, both a, b are regression coefficients, which employ corrected distribution parameter values.
For the regression coefficients a and b, if the meteorological station has actual solar radiation monitoring data for many years, a and b are directly obtained by adopting a regression method, otherwise, the data are obtained from a distribution diagram of the coefficients a and b according to the longitude and latitude of the meteorological station, as shown in fig. 2, wherein fig. 2 (a) is a distribution diagram of the regression coefficient a, and fig. 2 (b) is a distribution diagram of the regression coefficient b.
And the crop water demand calculation unit is used for calculating the crop water demand in the designated irrigation subarea according to the reference crop evapotranspiration.
In the embodiment of the invention, the crop coefficient is obtained by dividing the multi-year accumulated water consumption simulated by a crop growth model under the condition of full irrigation of the designated irrigation subarea by the multi-year accumulated reference crop transpiration amount in the corresponding growth period, so that the crop coefficients of the same crop in different subareas are different, the crop coefficient is also a distributed parameter value, and the crop water demand is calculated by a crop coefficient method, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
ET cij ＝K ci ×ET 0j
wherein K ci Denotes the i-th crop coefficient, ET ji Showing that the crop growth model is simulated under the full irrigation condition to obtain the crop water consumption of the ith crop in the j year, showing that the crop water consumption under the conventional flooding irrigation is shown for the paddy field crops, showing that the irrigation lower limit of the crop is 70 percent of the field water capacity is shown for the dry land crops, and ET 0j Showing the transpiration amount of the reference crop in the j year, wherein m is a meteorological data time sequence and is more than or equal to 30 years, ET cij Indicating the water demand of the i-th crop at j years.
The crop effective precipitation calculating unit is used for calculating the effective precipitation in the growth period of the main crops in the designated irrigation subarea.
In the embodiment of the invention, crops are considered respectively according to paddy field crops and dry land crops, if the designated irrigation partition is the paddy field crops, the effective precipitation of the crops is calculated by adopting a water balance method under a standard irrigation system, and the calculation formula is as follows:
if the designated irrigation subarea is dry land crops, calculating the effective precipitation of the crops by adopting an improved USDA-SCS method, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein P is ejw Represents the effective precipitation amount, P, of the paddy field crop of the j year rjw Expressing the precipitation of the r-th day paddy field crop in the j-th year, D rjw Expressing the displacement of the paddy field crop in the r day of the j year, n is the paddy fieldDays of crop growth period, P ejd Indicating the effective precipitation of the dry land crop in the j-th year,
representing the improvement factor by using a distributed correction parameter, SF representing the soil moisture storage factor, P tjd Shows the precipitation amount, ET, of the dry land crop in jth year ctjd The water demand of the dry land crop in the jth th year of the j is shown, and u is the total number of the growth period of the dry land crop.
The method comprises the steps of simulating soil water balance parameters in a multi-year crop growth period under the condition of water-saving irrigation by using the relevant parameters of the soil water balance of the dry-land crops through a verified crop growth model, obtaining actual effective precipitation in the long-time sequence crop growth period, corresponding theoretical irrigation quota and corresponding water-saving irrigation quota through a water balance method, using the actual effective precipitation and the corresponding theoretical irrigation quota as evaluation standards of an improved USDA-SCS method, and screening and determining optimal improvement coefficients of all stations
Finally, generating improved coefficients with high spatial resolution according to longitude and latitude interpolation of each station
And (5) interpolating products.
And the crop theoretical irrigation quota calculating unit is used for calculating the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea according to the crop water demand and the effective precipitation in the crop growth period.
In the embodiment of the invention, if the designated irrigation partition is a paddy field crop, the calculation formula of the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop is as follows:
I jw ＝ET cjw +R j -P ejw
if the designated irrigation zone is dry land crops, the calculation formula of the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop is as follows:
I jd ＝ET cjd -P ejd
wherein I jw Theoretical irrigation quota representing growth period of paddy field crop in j-th year，ET cjw Indicates the water demand of the paddy field crop of the j year R j Denotes the amount of leakage of the paddy field crop in the j-th year, P ejw Represents the effective precipitation of the paddy field crop of the j year I jd Theoretical irrigation quota, ET, representing the growth period of the dry crop in the j-th year cjd Expressing the water demand of the dry crop in the j year, P ejd Showing the effective precipitation of the dry crops in the j year.
The typical year crop theoretical irrigation quota screening unit and the typical year crop water-saving irrigation quota calculating unit are used for determining a typical year corresponding to any frequency year of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea and determining the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the main crop in the typical year.
In the embodiment of the invention, the P-III type is taken as a theoretical frequency distribution curve, and the typical year corresponding to any frequency year of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea is determined on the basis of the principle that the effective precipitation fit of the crops before harvest is deducted by the medium and small amount is better by adopting an adaptive line method.
In the embodiment of the invention, typical years of a certain crop are selected and determined, and the 4 hydrological years of 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% are mainly related, and are determined according to the effective precipitation discharge frequency of the crop growth period. In order to ensure that the effective rainfall of the crops in the growth period can be effectively utilized by the crops, the frequency is discharged by deducting the effective rainfall of the crops 10 days before harvesting, P-III type distribution is adopted as a theoretical frequency curve to respectively obtain 25 percent (full-water years), 50 percent (open-water years), 75 percent (dry-water years), 90 percent (extremely dry years) and other typical years corresponding to specific years, theoretical irrigation quota of each typical year of the crops is obtained according to the specific years, and a crop growth model is adopted to calculate water-saving irrigation quota under the insufficient irrigation condition of each typical year.
As shown in fig. 1, the agricultural irrigation water rating verification module includes a single crop irrigation rating verification unit and an agricultural water rating system verification unit.
The single crop irrigation quota verifying unit is used for determining the initial value of the irrigation quota of the single crop in different frequency years of the designated irrigation subarea.
In the embodiment of the invention, corresponding crop irrigation test data in an appointed irrigation subarea or an area with similar natural conditions are analyzed, whether additional irrigation quota conditions such as soil water storage, soil salt leaching water, paddy field soaking water and the like exist or not before sowing outside a growth period is determined, difference reason analysis between a theoretical net irrigation quota, a water-saving irrigation quota and a test irrigation quota in the growth period is contrastively analyzed, so as to determine the initial value of the irrigation quota of a single crop in different frequency years of the appointed irrigation subarea, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
I i (initial value) ＝I i +I i (additive)
In which I i (initial value) Denotes the initial value of irrigation quota for the I-th crop, I i Theoretical irrigation quota, I, representing the growth period of the I crop i (additive) Indicates additional water usage rates outside the growth period of the ith crop.
And the agricultural water quota system check unit is used for judging whether the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea meets an agricultural water quota system check formula, if so, confirming the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea, and otherwise, sequentially reducing the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop according to the sequence of the irrigation area of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea from large to small until the agricultural water quota system check formula is established. In the embodiment of the invention, the irrigation quota adjustment and reduction principle for a single crop is as follows: the initial value of the irrigation quota of the crop is reduced by no more than 10% compared with the original quota, and the simulation result of the crop growth model under the condition of the same irrigation time and the reduction of the irrigation quantity is used as a judgment criterion.
In the embodiment of the invention, the initial value of the irrigation quota of each main crop is taken as a research object, the coordination of the total agricultural water amount control threshold value of the designated irrigation subarea, the agricultural irrigation water supply capacity of the designated irrigation subarea, the actual water quota condition and the like is ensured, and the calibration formula of the agricultural water quota system is as follows:
∑I i (initial value) ×S i /μ≤min(w Threshold value ，W For supplying to )
Wherein S i Represents the effective irrigation area of the ith crop, mu represents the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water of the designated irrigation subarea, w Threshold value Indicating a total agricultural irrigation water control threshold, W, for a given irrigation zone For supplying to Indicating the agricultural irrigation water supply capacity of the designated irrigation zone.
As shown in fig. 1, the agricultural irrigation rating decomposition module includes an additional irrigation rating decomposition unit and an irrigation rating decomposition unit during the growth period.
The additional irrigation quota decomposing unit takes the single crop irrigation quota verifying unit as a standard and is used for separating additional water use quota outside the growth period of each main crop in the appointed irrigation subarea.
The irrigation quota decomposing unit in the growth period is used for decomposing the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea into the corresponding theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the key growth period of the crop, wherein the water-saving irrigation quota is obtained by calculating the irrigation amount under the condition that the crop growth model simulates water-saving irrigation.
In the embodiment of the invention, the theoretical irrigation quota is the irrigation quota under the condition of full irrigation, the crop water-saving irrigation quota is based on different irrigation lower limits related to sensitive and non-sensitive stages in a staged moisture production function, the crop water-saving irrigation quota of a typical year is obtained by adopting a crop growth model simulation, and the irrigation lower limit of paddy field crops in the sensitive stage is the field water capacity, while the irrigation lower limit of the non-sensitive stage is 80% of the field water capacity; for dry crops, the lower limit of irrigation in the sensitive stage is 70% of the field capacity, and the lower limit of irrigation in the insensitive stage is 50% of the field capacity.
In the embodiment of the invention, each irrigation time under a selected typical year water-saving irrigation system is taken as an irrigation time selection basis, the corresponding irrigation quota is taken as a weight, and the irrigation quota of the crop growth period is further divided into each irrigation quota, namely an irrigation quota decomposition result in the growth period.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. An agricultural irrigation water quota calculation system is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, a theoretical agricultural irrigation water quota calculation module, an agricultural irrigation water quota verification module, an agricultural irrigation water quota decomposition module and an agricultural irrigation water quota query and release module which are sequentially in communication connection;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a data set for calculating the agricultural irrigation quota of the designated irrigation subarea;
the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota calculation module is used for calculating theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop of designated irrigation subareas of different frequency years according to the data set;
the agricultural irrigation water quota checking module is used for adjusting the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea to coordinate with the agricultural water total amount control index of the subarea;
the agricultural irrigation quota decomposing module is used for decomposing the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea into the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the key growth period of the crop;
the agricultural irrigation water quota inquiring and issuing module is used for inquiring and issuing the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea, the theoretical irrigation quota of the key growth period and the water-saving irrigation quota;
the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota calculation module comprises a reference crop evapotranspiration amount calculation unit, a crop water demand calculation unit, a crop effective precipitation amount calculation unit, a crop theoretical irrigation quota calculation unit, a typical annual crop theoretical irrigation quota screening unit and a typical annual crop water-saving irrigation quota calculation unit;
the reference crop evapotranspiration amount calculating unit is used for calculating the reference crop evapotranspiration amount of weather stations in the designated irrigation subarea and the area adjacent to the subarea;
the crop water demand calculation unit is used for calculating the crop water demand in the designated irrigation subarea according to the reference crop evapotranspiration;
the crop effective precipitation calculating unit is used for calculating the effective precipitation in the growth period of the main crops in the designated irrigation subarea;
the theoretical irrigation quota calculation unit of the crops is used for calculating the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea according to the crop water demand and the effective precipitation in the crop growth period;
the typical year crop theoretical irrigation quota screening unit and the typical year crop water-saving irrigation quota calculating unit are used for determining a typical year corresponding to any frequency year of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea and determining a theoretical irrigation quota and a water-saving irrigation quota of the main crop in the typical year;
the reference crop transpiration amount calculation unit adopts a Peneman formula to calculate the reference crop transpiration amount:
R n ＝R ns -R nl
R ns ＝(1-α)R s
wherein ET 0 Indicating the amount of transpiration of the reference crop, R n Representing the net radiation, G the soil heat flux, gamma the hygrometer constant, T the average air temperature at a height of 2m, u 2 Denotes the wind speed at 2m height, e s Denotes the saturated water vapour pressure, e a Representing the actual water vapor pressure, delta representing the slope of the temperature water vapor pressure curve, R ns Representing net short wave radiation, R nl Representing net wavelength radiation, alpha representing the reference crop reflectivity, R s Representing solar radiation, N representing actual sunshine hours, N representing theoretical sunshine hours, R a Representing the day term radiation, a, b are both regression coefficients, using corrected scoresCloth parameter values;
the formula for calculating the crop water demand by the crop water demand calculation unit is as follows:
ET cij ＝K ci ×ET 0j
wherein K is ci Denotes the i-th crop coefficient, ET ji Showing the crop water consumption of the ith crop in the j year by simulating the crop growth model under the full irrigation condition, showing the water consumption under the conventional flooding irrigation for the paddy field crops, showing the water consumption under the condition that the crop is not affected by the drought for the dry land crops, ET 0j Showing the transpiration amount of the reference crop in the j year, wherein m is a meteorological data time sequence and is more than or equal to 30 years, ET cij Representing the water demand of the i-th crop under the condition of j years;
in the crop effective precipitation calculation unit, if the designated irrigation partition is a paddy field crop, the crop effective precipitation calculation formula is as follows:
if the designated irrigation subarea is dry-land crops, calculating the effective precipitation of the crops by adopting an improved USDA-SCS method, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein P is ejw Represents the effective precipitation amount, P, of the paddy field crop of the j year rjw Shows the precipitation amount of the paddy field crop on the r-th day of the j year, D rjw Expressing the water displacement of the paddy field crop on the r day of the j year, wherein n is the number of days of the growth period of the paddy field crop, P ejd Indicating the effective precipitation of the dry land crop in the j-th year,
representing the improvement factor by using a distributed correction parameter, SF representing the soil moisture storage factor, P tjd Shows the precipitation amount, ET, of the dry land crop in jth year ctjd Representing the water demand of the dry land crop in the jth th ten year of the j, wherein u is the total number of the growth period of the dry land crop;
in the crop theoretical irrigation quota calculating unit, if the designated irrigation partition is a paddy field crop, the calculation formula of the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop is as follows:
I jw ＝ET cjw +R j -P ejw
if the designated irrigation zone is dry land crops, the calculation formula of the theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop is as follows:
I jd ＝ET cjd -P ejd
in which I jw Theoretical irrigation quota, ET, representing the growth period of the paddy field crop of the j-th year cjw Represents the water demand of the paddy field crop of the j year R j Shows the amount of leakage of the paddy field crop in the j year, P ejw Represents the effective precipitation of the paddy field crop of the j year I jd Theoretical irrigation quota, ET, representing the growth period of the dry crop in the j-th year cjd Expressing the water demand of the dry crop in the j year, P ejd Representing the effective precipitation of the dry crops in the j year;
the agricultural irrigation water quota verifying module comprises a single crop irrigation quota verifying unit and an agricultural water quota system verifying unit;
the single crop irrigation quota verifying unit is used for determining the initial irrigation quota value of a single crop in different frequency years of the designated irrigation subarea;
the agricultural water quota system check unit is used for judging whether the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea meets an agricultural water quota system check formula or not, if so, confirming the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea, and otherwise, sequentially reducing the irrigation quota initial value of each main crop according to the sequence of the irrigation area of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea from large to small until the agricultural water quota system check formula is established;
the calculation formula of the irrigation quota initial value of the single crop in the single crop irrigation quota verification unit is as follows:
I i (initial value) ＝I i +I i (addition)
The agricultural water rating system calibration formula in the agricultural water rating system calibration unit is as follows:
∑I i (initial value) ×S i /μ≤min(w Threshold value ，W For supplying to )
Wherein I i (initial value) Denotes the initial value of the irrigation quota, I, for the ith crop i Theoretical irrigation quota, I, representing the growth period of the I crop i (additive) Indicates an additional water ration outside the growth period of the ith crop, S i Denotes the effective irrigation area of the i-th crop, mu denotes the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water of the designated irrigation zone, w Threshold value Representing a total agricultural irrigation water control threshold, W, for a given irrigation zone For supplying to Representing the agricultural irrigation water supply capacity of the designated irrigation zone;
the agricultural irrigation quota decomposing module comprises an additional irrigation quota decomposing unit and an irrigation quota decomposing unit in a growth period;
the additional irrigation quota decomposing unit is used for separating additional water use quota outside the growth period of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea;
the irrigation quota decomposing unit in the growth period is used for decomposing the theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of each main crop of the designated irrigation subarea into the corresponding theoretical irrigation quota and the water-saving irrigation quota of the key growth period of the crop, wherein the water-saving irrigation quota is obtained by simulating an irrigation amount calculated value under the water-saving irrigation condition by a crop growth model.
2. The agricultural irrigation water quota calculating system of claim 1, wherein the data collection module comprises a theoretical agricultural irrigation quota data collection unit and an agricultural irrigation water quota verification data collection unit;
the theoretical agricultural irrigation quota data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a data set for calculating theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in designated irrigation subareas with different frequencies, wherein the data set comprises at least near 30-year calendar historical weather data and corresponding precipitation data in designated irrigation subareas and areas adjacent to the subareas, a distributed A-P formula correction coefficient, a distributed main crop coefficient and a distributed effective precipitation calculation parameter;
the agricultural irrigation water quota verifying data acquisition unit is used for acquiring a data set for verifying theoretical irrigation quota of each main crop in the designated irrigation subarea, wherein the data set comprises agricultural irrigation test data of the designated irrigation subarea, an agricultural water total amount control index, an irrigation water effective utilization coefficient, a planting structure and an irrigation area.
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