CN115029542A - Device and method for strengthening surface performance of metal material by electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave - Google Patents
Device and method for strengthening surface performance of metal material by electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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Abstract
A device and a method for strengthening the surface performance of a metal material by electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves comprise a laser shock wave strengthening component and a pulse electric-magnetic field coupling processing component, wherein the pulse electric-magnetic field coupling processing component comprises a workbench and a sliding rail arranged on the workbench, a pulse electric field processing component and a pulse magnetic field processing component are arranged on the sliding rail in a sliding mode, and the pulse electric field processing component comprises an electrode column arranged on an electrode clamping seat; the pulse magnetic field processing assembly comprises a magnetic field generating coil arranged on the electromagnetic clamping seat. The device is used for applying the laser shock strengthening to the surface of the metal material and simultaneously applying the pulse electric field and the pulse electromagnetic field to the metal material, so that the surface residual compressive stress level and the peak residual compressive stress level of the metal material are higher, the influence layer of the residual compressive stress is deeper, the surface performance of the metal material is further improved, and meanwhile, the design of the sliding track is adopted, the processing space of the metal material is enlarged, and the application range of the metal material is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material surface strengthening, in particular to a device and a method for strengthening the surface performance of a metal material by electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves.
Background
Metal materials have found wide application in various industries. In production life, however, the fatigue life of the metal material is inevitably reduced or even the metal material fails due to overuse or improper use, and then huge safety accidents and economic losses are caused. One of the factors that have an important influence on the surface properties of metallic materials is residual stress. The residual compressive stress can partially or even completely counteract the tensile external load, close the microcracks, inhibit the formation of fatigue crack sources, and delay the expansion of the fatigue cracks, thereby improving the surface performance of the metal material. Therefore, how to improve the residual compressive stress amplitude of the metal material and influence the depth of the layer has important engineering significance.
The deformation strengthening technology inhibits the initiation and the propagation of fatigue cracks by changing the microstructure of the surface layer of the material and inducing high-amplitude residual compressive stress, and is one of the most effective methods for prolonging the fatigue life of the structural member. The laser shock wave strengthening technology is a novel surface deformation strengthening technology, and is one of effective methods for mechanical manufacturing in extreme environments due to the outstanding characteristics of good controllability of technological parameters, high strengthening efficiency, good surface integrity of a processed workpiece and the like. However, the effect of enhancing the plasticity of the metal material by the laser shock wave is not significant, and the plasticity of the metal material is also reduced in a special case. In addition, similar to the traditional deformation strengthening technology, the strengthening effect induced by the laser shock wave also has a weakening phenomenon, and under the action of a high-temperature environment and a cyclic load, the residual compressive stress induced by the laser shock wave can be subjected to a rapid relaxation behavior.
The laser shock wave reinforcement technology has had some work in combination with the effect of a separate electric or magnetic field technology on the surface properties of metallic materials. The Chinese patent application with publication number CN 112853086A discloses a method and a device for strengthening a metal material by pulse current coupling laser shock waves, the device mainly utilizes electron current and the heat effect thereof when high-density pulse current acts on the dislocation slip mechanism, the phase change mechanism and the recrystallization mechanism of the material, and the electro-plastic effect thereof can obviously improve the plastic deformation capability of the metal material and reduce the processing hardening; the high-strength pulse magnetic field assisted surface deformation technology can change the arrangement, matching, migration and other behaviors of atoms and molecules of the material by utilizing a strong magnetic field, and the process is accompanied with magnetic domain rotation and magnetostriction effect to cause lattice dislocation, which macroscopically shows that the structure and performance of the material are changed.
The Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN 103628010A discloses a photomagnetic coupling method for improving the plastic deformation capacity of an aluminum-based composite material, which needs the time of coupling action of photons and a magnetic field for 20-200s and can improve the plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum-based composite material; however, the residual compressive stress amplitude, the mechanical property gain and the stability strengthening effect of the metal material are not obvious under the conditions of single energy field and specific double-field coupling.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for strengthening the surface performance of a metal material by using an electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave, which are used for improving the surface quality and the surface residual stress distribution of the metal material by using the laser shock wave, and simultaneously utilizing the electron flow and the thermal effect thereof during the action of high-density pulses and the coupling influence of the magnetostriction effect of a magnetic field on the metal material, more efficiently introducing larger surface residual stress, improving the residual compressive stress amplitude and the influence layer depth of the metal material through the combined action of multi-field coupling, further improving the performances of the metal material such as wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and realizing the improvement of the fatigue life of the metal material.
The technical scheme is as follows: an apparatus for strengthening the surface performance of metallic material by electric-magnetic field coupled laser shock wave is composed of laser shock strengthening module, pulse electric-magnetic field coupled processing module and power module,
the laser shock peening assembly comprises a computer system, a laser controller, a pulse laser, a reflector, a convex lens, a constraint layer, an absorption layer, a sample, an insulating layer and a sample support platform, wherein the constraint layer, the absorption layer, the sample and the insulating layer are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the sample support platform from top to bottom; the computer system is connected with a control signal input end of the laser controller, and a control signal output end of the laser controller is connected with a signal input end of the pulse laser;
the pulse electric-magnetic field coupling processing assembly comprises a workbench, a sliding track, two electrode clamping seats, two electromagnetic clamping seats, a pulse electric field processing assembly and a pulse magnetic field processing assembly; the working table is a rectangular working table, the bottom end of the sample supporting table is arranged in the center of the upper surface of the working table, the sliding track extends along the two ends of the sample supporting table and is arranged on the table surface of the working table, and the sliding track is arranged along the length direction of the working table; the two ends of the sliding rails are respectively provided with an electromagnetic clamping seat and an electrode clamping seat in a sliding manner, wherein the two electrode clamping seats are axially symmetrically distributed, the two electromagnetic clamping seats are axially symmetrically distributed, and the electromagnetic clamping seats are close to the sample supporting table; the pulsed electric field processing assembly comprises two electrode columns and two detachable electrode chucks, one ends of the two electrode columns are respectively connected with the two electrode clamping seats, the other ends of the two electrode columns are respectively connected with the two detachable electrode chucks, the two detachable electrode chucks are oppositely arranged, and the two detachable electrode chucks are used for clamping a sample; the pulsed magnetic field processing assembly comprises two magnetic field generating coils, the two magnetic field generating coils are respectively connected with the two electromagnetic clamping seats, and the middle relative position of the two magnetic field generating coils is a sample processing position; the axial leads of the electrode column and the magnetic field generating coil are positioned in the same plane and the same direction;
the power supply assembly comprises an electric field generation power supply and a magnetic field generation power supply, wherein the positive pole and the negative pole of the electric field generation power supply are respectively and electrically connected with the two electrode columns, and the positive pole and the negative pole of the magnetic field generation power supply are respectively and electrically connected with the two magnetic field generation coils.
Preferably, the two electrode clamping seats and the two electromagnetic clamping seats slide on the sliding rail through one or more driving modes of a screw rod, a motor, an air cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder.
Preferably, the bottoms of the two electrode clamping seats and the two electromagnetic clamping seats are connected with the sliding track in a sliding mode through sliding bearings fixedly connected with the two electrode clamping seats and the two electromagnetic clamping seats, racks are installed on the two electrode clamping seats and the two electromagnetic clamping seats, gears meshed with the racks are installed on the sliding track, the gears are connected with driving motors, the two electrode clamping seats are driven by the gears to synchronously move along the sliding track and the two electromagnetic clamping seats synchronously move along the sliding track, the power supply assembly further comprises a motor power supply, and the motor power supply is electrically connected with the driving motors.
Preferably, the device for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electro-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave further comprises a cooling assembly, wherein the cooling assembly comprises a first cooling machine, a second cooling machine, two groups of first cooling pipelines and one group of second cooling pipelines, the two groups of first cooling pipelines are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two magnetic field generating coils and communicated with the first cooling machine, the first cooling machine provides cooling liquid, the one group of second cooling pipelines are arranged at the bottom of the magnetic field generating power supply and communicated with the second cooling machine, the second cooling machine provides cooling liquid, the power supply assembly further comprises a cooling machine power supply, and the first cooling machine and the second cooling machine are respectively and electrically connected with the cooling machine power supply.
Preferably, the device for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves further comprises a motion controller, the computer system is respectively connected with the signal input ends of the motion controller, the power supply assembly and the cooling assembly, and the signal output end of the motion controller is connected with the signal input end of the driving motor.
The method for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave comprises the following steps:
grinding and polishing the surface of a metal material, and finally, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning in an industrial alcohol solution and drying to obtain a sample for later use;
placing the sample between the two electrode columns, moving the electrode clamping seat to enable the metal material to be positioned in the middle of the device, and clamping and fixing the metal material through an electrode clamping head;
controlling the electromagnetic clamping seat to move on the sliding track to enable the magnetic field generating coil to reach a required processing position;
starting the electric field generating power supply, the magnetic field generating power supply and the cooling assembly, and simultaneously finishing effective coupling of the pulse magnetic field and the pulse electric field under the cooling action of the cooling assembly to finish electromagnetic coupling treatment on the workpiece; determining optimal pulse electromagnetic coupling processing parameters of the sample by using the maximum yield strength and the fracture elongation of the sample as optimization targets and utilizing a response surface optimization method;
performing electromagnetic coupling treatment on the sample under the optimal process parameters, and simultaneously obtaining the dynamic yield strength of the metal material by utilizing a Hopkinson pressure bar experiment or numerical simulation analysis;
step six, solving the Yugong-Niu elastic limit of the metal material by combining the dynamic yield strength of the metal material and the residual stress of the metal material in the surface initial state, further determining the peak pressure of the laser shock wave, determining the optimal laser power density according to a laser shock wave peak pressure formula, and determining the parameter combination of the laser energy, the laser pulse width and the laser spot diameter according to the laser power density;
placing the laser shock wave sample on the sample support table, and sequentially placing the laser light absorption layer and the constraint layer on the upper surface of the sample; processing the sample under the optimal pulse electromagnetic coupling processing technological parameters; immediately starting a pulse laser, and carrying out laser shock wave strengthening treatment on the sample under the optimal laser power density;
cutting off a power supply assembly and turning off a pulse laser after the laser shock wave strengthening treatment; and then taking down the sample, removing the residual absorption layer and the residual constraint layer on the surface of the sample, and carrying out test analysis on the microstructure, the residual stress and the mechanical property of the sample.
Preferably, the metal material is a high-entropy alloy, a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, an aluminum alloy, a nickel-based alloy or a copper alloy.
Preferably, the absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 80-120 mu m, the restraint layer is sapphire glass or K9 glass, and the insulation layer is rubber with the thickness of 10 mm.
Preferably, the parameters of the pulsed electric field treatment process in the fourth step are as follows: the pulse frequency is 50-10000 Hz, the peak current is 20-50000A, the pulse width is 10-5000 mu s, and the pulse time is 10-1000 s; the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field treatment process are as follows: the pulse frequency is 100-1000 Hz, the peak magnetic induction is 1-10T, the pulse width is 50-5000 mus, and the pulse time is 10-1000 s.
Preferably, the laser shock wave reinforcement process parameters in the seventh step are as follows: the laser pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the laser power density is 10-30 GW/cm 2 The diameter of the laser spot is 1, 2 or 3 mm, the lap-joint rate of the laser spot is 25%, 50% or 75%, and the frequency of laser shock waves is 1, 3 or 5.
Has the advantages that: 1. the invention uses the coupling effect of the electrostriction deformation caused by the pulse electric field, the magnetostriction effect caused by the pulse magnetic field and the ultrahigh strain rate plastic deformation induced by the laser shock wave to improve the amplitude and the depth of the residual compressive stress and obtain more excellent comprehensive mechanical property;
2. the invention arranges the electrode pole and the magnetic field generating coil on the same working table, so that the metal material can be subjected to the pulse electric field-pulse magnetic field coaxial treatment on one device: meanwhile, the design of the sliding track is adopted, so that both the electrode column and the magnetic field generating coil can move on the workbench, the processing space of the metal material is enlarged, the application range is also improved, and the metal materials with different sizes and different shapes can be processed;
3. the invention adopts the design that two electrode columns clamp the metal material through the electrode chuck, and simultaneously adopts the detachable electrode chuck, so that different electrode chucks can be selected according to the different shapes, sizes and the like of the metal material, and the clamping is more stable;
the invention provides a method for improving residual stress distribution and mechanical property of a metal material surface layer, which utilizes external field technologies such as pulse coupling electric-magnetic fields and the like to carry out micro modification on the metal material, improves physical properties (such as hardness, plasticity, wear resistance and the like) of the metal material, prolongs the service life of a workpiece, and is a new research direction in the field of material treatment, and the prior art is not mature. Compared with other chemical methods for treating metal materials, the electromagnetic treatment method for the metal materials has the advantages of short treatment time, obvious improvement effect and the like, can reduce chemical pollution by external field treatment, is a quicker, efficient and environment-friendly method for modifying the metal materials, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for strengthening surface properties of a metal material by an electromagnetic field coupled laser shock wave according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the pulsed electromagnetic-field coupling processing assembly of the present invention.
In the drawings, each numerical designation represents the following: 1. a computer system; 2. a laser controller; 3. a pulsed laser; 4. a reflective mirror; 5. a convex lens; 6. a constraining layer; 7. an absorbing layer; 8. a sample; 9. an insulating layer; 10. a sample support table; 11. an electrode cartridge; 12. an electrode column; 13. an electrode holder; 14. a magnetic field generating coil; 15. an electromagnetic clamping seat; 16. a slide rail; 17. a sliding bearing; 18. a work table; 19. a motion controller; 20. a power supply component; 20-1, generating power supply by electric field; 20-2. a magnetic field generating power supply; 21. a cooling assembly; 21-1. a first cooler; 21-2. a second cooler.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
An apparatus for strengthening the surface properties of a metal material by an electric-magnetic field coupled laser shock wave, see fig. 1 and 2, comprises a laser shock strengthening component, a pulsed electric-magnetic field coupled processing component and a power supply component 20.
The laser shock peening component comprises a computer system 1, a laser controller 2, a pulse laser 3, a reflector 4, a convex lens 5, a constraint layer 6, an absorption layer 7, a sample 8, an insulation layer 9 and a sample support table 10, wherein the constraint layer 6, the absorption layer 7, the sample 8 and the insulation layer 9 are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the sample support table 10 from top to bottom, the convex lens 5 is arranged right above the constraint layer 6, the reflector 4 is inclined at an angle of 135 degrees and is arranged right above the convex lens 5, the mirror surface of the reflector can reflect laser emitted by the pulse laser 3, the center of the reflector 4 and the center of the convex lens 5 are coaxial with the center of the constraint layer 6, and the reflector 4 is used for enabling the laser emitted by the pulse laser 3 to vertically reflect to the upper surface of the sample 8 through the convex lens 5, the constraint layer 6 and the absorption layer 7; the computer system 1 is connected with a control signal input end of the laser controller 2, and a control signal output end of the laser controller 2 is connected with a signal input end of the pulse laser 3.
The pulse electric-magnetic field coupling processing assembly comprises a workbench 18, a sliding rail 16, two electrode clamping seats 13, two electromagnetic clamping seats 15, a pulse electric field processing assembly and a pulse magnetic field processing assembly. The workstation 18 is the rectangle workstation, 18 upper surface centers on the workstation are located to sample supporting bench 10 bottom, slide rail 16 sets up in the mesa of workstation 18 along the extension of sample supporting bench 10 both ends, and slide rail 16 along the length direction of workstation 18. The two ends of the sliding rail 16 are respectively provided with an electromagnetic clamping seat 15 and an electrode clamping seat 13 in a sliding manner, wherein the two electrode clamping seats 13 are in axial symmetry distribution, the two electromagnetic clamping seats 15 are in axial symmetry distribution, and the electromagnetic clamping seats 15 are close to the sample supporting platform 10. The pulse electric field processing assembly comprises two electrode columns 12 and two detachable electrode chucks 11, one ends of the two electrode columns 12 are respectively connected with the two electrode clamping seats 13, the other ends of the two electrode columns are respectively connected with the two detachable electrode chucks 11, the two detachable electrode chucks 11 are arranged oppositely, and the two detachable electrode chucks 11 are used for clamping a sample 8. The pulsed magnetic field processing assembly comprises two magnetic field generating coils 14, the two magnetic field generating coils 14 are respectively connected with two electromagnetic clamping seats 15, and the relative position between the two magnetic field generating coils 14 is a sample 8 processing position. The axial leads of the electrode column 12 and the magnetic field generating coil 14 are positioned in the same plane and the same direction.
The power supply assembly 20 comprises an electric field generating power supply 20-1 and a magnetic field generating power supply 20-2, wherein the positive pole and the negative pole of the electric field generating power supply 20-1 are respectively and electrically connected with the two electrode columns 12, and the positive pole and the negative pole of the magnetic field generating power supply 20-2 are respectively and electrically connected with the two magnetic field generating coils 14.
The method for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave comprises the following steps:
grinding and polishing the surface of a metal material, finally performing ultrasonic cleaning in an industrial alcohol solution, and drying to obtain a sample 8 for later use;
placing the sample 8 between two electrode columns 12, then moving an electrode clamping seat 13 to enable the metal material to be positioned in the middle of the device, and then clamping and fixing the metal material through an electrode clamping head 11;
step three, controlling the electromagnetic clamping seat 15 to move on the sliding track 16 to enable the magnetic field generating coil 14 to reach a required processing position;
starting the electric field generating power supply 20-1, the magnetic field generating power supply 20-2 and the cooling assembly 21, and simultaneously finishing the effective coupling of the pulse magnetic field and the pulse electric field under the cooling action of the cooling assembly 21 so as to finish the electromagnetic coupling treatment on the workpiece; determining the optimal pulse electromagnetic coupling processing technological parameters of the sample 8 by using the maximum yield strength and the fracture elongation of the sample as optimization targets and using a response surface optimization method;
performing electromagnetic coupling treatment on the sample 8 under the optimal process parameters, and simultaneously obtaining the dynamic yield strength of the metal material by utilizing a Hopkinson pressure bar experiment or numerical simulation analysis;
solving the Yugong button elastic limit of the metal material by combining the dynamic yield strength of the metal material and the residual stress of the metal material in the surface initial state, further determining the peak pressure of the laser shock wave, and determining the optimal laser power density according to a laser shock wave peak pressure formula;
step seven, placing the laser shock wave sample 8 on the sample support table 10, and sequentially placing the laser absorption layer 7 and the constraint layer 6 on the upper surface of the sample 8; processing the sample 8 under the optimal pulse electromagnetic coupling processing technological parameters; immediately starting the pulse laser 3, and carrying out laser shock wave strengthening treatment on the sample 8 under the optimal laser power density;
step eight, cutting off the power supply assembly 20 and turning off the pulse laser 3 after the laser shock wave strengthening treatment; and then taking down the sample 8, removing the residual absorption layer 7 and the constraint layer 6 on the surface of the sample 8, and then carrying out test analysis on the microstructure, residual stress and mechanical property of the sample.
Example 2
The difference from embodiment 1 is that the two electrode holders 13 and the two electromagnetic holders 15 slide on the sliding rail 16 by one or more driving methods of a screw, a motor, a cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder.
The bottoms of the two electrode clamping seats 13 and the two electromagnetic clamping seats 15 are connected with a sliding track 16 in a sliding manner through sliding bearings 17 fixedly connected with the electrode clamping seats and the electromagnetic clamping seats. The rack is installed to two electrode holder 13 and two electromagnetism holder 15, install on the slip track 16 with rack toothing's gear, gear connection driving motor drives two electrode holder 13 and moves along the slip track in step and two electromagnetism holder 15 and move along the slip track in step by the gear, power supply module still includes the motor power, and the motor power is connected with driving motor electricity. Compared with the method for directly fixing the material processing position, the method enables the metal material to be subjected to the pulse electric field-pulse magnetic field coaxial processing on one device: meanwhile, the design of the sliding track 16 is adopted, so that the electrode column 12 and the magnetic field generating coil 14 can move on the workbench, the processing space of the metal material is enlarged, the application range is also improved, and the metal materials with different sizes and different shapes can be processed; meanwhile, the detachable electrode clamp 11 is adopted, different electrode clamps can be selected according to different shapes and sizes of metal materials, clamping is more stable, and stability of experiments is kept under laser impact and coupling of a pulse electric field and a magnetic field.
The device for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves further comprises a cooling assembly 21, wherein the cooling assembly 21 comprises a first cooling machine 21-1, a second cooling machine 21-2, two groups of first cooling pipelines and one group of second cooling pipelines, the two groups of first cooling pipelines are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two magnetic field generating coils and communicated with the first cooling machine 21-1, cooling liquid is provided by the first cooling machine 21-1, the one group of second cooling pipelines are arranged at the bottom of the magnetic field generating power supply 20-2 and communicated with the second cooling machine 21-2, cooling liquid is provided by the second cooling machine 21-2, the power supply assembly 20 further comprises a cooling machine power supply, and the first cooling machine 21-1 and the second cooling machine 21-2 are respectively electrically connected with the cooling machine power supply.
The device for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electromagnetic field coupling laser shock wave further comprises a motion controller 19, the computer system 1 is respectively connected with signal input ends of the motion controller 19, a power supply assembly 20 and a cooling assembly 21, and a signal output end of the motion controller 19 is connected with a signal input end of a driving motor.
The metal material is high-entropy alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel-based alloy or copper alloy.
The absorption layer 7 is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 80-120 mu m, the restraint layer 6 is sapphire glass or K9 glass, and the insulation layer 9 is rubber with the thickness of 10 mm.
The parameters of the pulsed electric field treatment process in the fourth step are as follows: the pulse frequency is 50-10000 Hz, the peak current is 20-50000A, the pulse width is 10-5000 mus, and the pulse time is 10-1000 s; the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field treatment process are as follows: the pulse frequency is 100-1000 Hz, the peak magnetic induction is 1-10T, the pulse width is 50-5000 mus, and the pulse time is 10-1000 s.
The process parameters of laser shock wave reinforcement in the seventh step are as follows: the laser pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the laser power density is 10-30 GW/cm 2 The diameter of the laser spot is 1, 2 or 3 mm, the lap-joint rate of the laser spot is 25%, 50% or 75%, and the frequency of laser shock waves is 1, 3 or 5.
Example 3
The difference from example 2 is that the sample 8 is a rectangular titanium alloy sample having dimensions of 160mm × 80mm × 80 mm. The pulse laser is a SpitLight2000 pulse Nd-YAG solid laser. The electrode column is made of copper, and the magnetic field generating coil is a GM1F/3F Helmholtz magnetic field generating coil.
Specifically, the method for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by using the device and the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave comprises the following steps:
preparing a sample, namely grinding and polishing the surface of a metal material of a rectangular titanium alloy sample with the size of 160mm multiplied by 80mm, checking whether cracks exist, performing ultrasonic cleaning in an industrial alcohol solution after the checking is finished, and airing for later use;
placing a metal material between the two electrode columns 12, moving the electrode clamping seat 13 to enable the metal material to be positioned in the middle of the device, and then clamping and fixing the metal material through the electrode clamp 11;
step three, controlling the electromagnetic clamping seat 15 to move on the sliding track 16 to enable the magnetic field generating coil 14 to reach a required processing position (a position of an area to be strengthened);
starting the electric field generating power supply 20-1, the magnetic field generating power supply 20-2 and the cooling assembly 21, and simultaneously finishing the effective coupling of the pulse magnetic field and the pulse electric field under the cooling action of the cooling assembly 21 so as to finish the electromagnetic coupling treatment on the workpiece; determining optimal electromagnetic coupling processing technological parameters of the sample by using the maximum yield strength and the fracture elongation of the sample as optimization targets and using a response surface optimization method; wherein, the parameters of the pulse electric field treatment process are as follows: the pulse frequency is 5000 Hz, the peak current is 20000A, the pulse width is 2000 mus, the pulse time is 500 s, and the parameters of the pulse magnetic field treatment process are as follows: the pulse frequency was 500 Hz, the peak magnetic induction was 5T, the pulse width was 2000. mu.s, and the pulse time was 500 s.
Under the optimal technological parameters, performing electromagnetic coupling treatment on the sample, and simultaneously testing the sample by using a Hopkinson pressure bar to obtain the dynamic yield strength of the metal material;
step six, solving the Yugong-Niu elastic limit of the metal material by combining the dynamic yield strength of the metal material and the residual stress of the metal material in the surface initial state, further determining the peak pressure of the laser shock wave, determining the laser power density according to a laser shock wave peak pressure formula, and determining the parameter combination of the laser energy, the laser pulse width and the laser spot diameter according to the laser power density;
step seven, placing the laser shock wave sample on the sample support table 10, and placing the laser absorption layer 7 and the restraint layer 6 in sequenceOn the surface of the sample; processing the sample under the optimal electromagnetic coupling processing technological parameters; immediately starting a pulse laser, and carrying out laser shock wave strengthening treatment on the sample under the optimal laser power density; wherein, the technological parameters of the laser shock wave are as follows: the laser pulse width is 20 ns, and the laser power density is 10.5 GW/cm 2 The diameter of a laser spot is 3 mm, the lap joint rate of the laser spot is 50%, the laser absorption layer is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 100 microns, the laser energy restraint layer is sapphire glass or K9 glass, and the laser shock wave frequency is 3 times.
Step eight, cutting off the power supply assembly 20 and turning off the pulse laser after the laser shock wave strengthening treatment; and then taking down the sample, removing the residual absorption layer and the residual constraint layer on the surface of the sample, and carrying out test analysis on the microstructure, the residual stress and the mechanical property of the sample. Compared with the single pulse electric field or pulse magnetic field coupling laser shock wave strengthening technology, the fatigue life of the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave strengthening sample is improved by about 21% and 28% respectively.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for strengthening the surface performance of a metal material by electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves is characterized by comprising a laser shock strengthening component, a pulse electric-magnetic field coupling processing component and a power supply component (20),
the laser shock strengthening component comprises a computer system (1), a laser controller (2), a pulse laser (3), a reflector (4), a convex lens (5), a constraint layer (6), an absorption layer (7), a sample (8), an insulating layer (9) and a sample supporting table (10), wherein the constraint layer (6), the absorption layer (7), the sample (8) and the insulating layer (9) are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the sample supporting table (10) from top to bottom, the convex lens (5) is arranged right above the constraint layer (6), the reflector (4) is inclined at an angle of 135 degrees and is arranged right above the convex lens (5), the mirror surface of the reflector can reflect laser emitted by the pulse laser (3), the center of the reflector (4), the center of the convex lens (5) and the center of the constraint layer (6) are coaxial, and the reflector (4) is used for enabling the laser emitted by the pulse laser (3) to penetrate through the convex lens (5), The restraint layer (6) and the absorption layer (7) are vertically reflected to the upper surface of the sample (8); the computer system (1) is connected with a control signal input end of the laser controller (2), and a control signal output end of the laser controller (2) is connected with a signal input end of the pulse laser (3);
the pulse electric-magnetic field coupling processing assembly comprises a workbench (18), a sliding track (16), two electrode clamping seats (13), two electromagnetic clamping seats (15), a pulse electric field processing assembly and a pulse magnetic field processing assembly; the working table (18) is a rectangular working table, the bottom end of the sample supporting table (10) is arranged at the center of the upper surface of the working table (18), the sliding rail (16) extends along the two ends of the sample supporting table (10) and is arranged on the table surface of the working table (18), and the sliding rail (16) is arranged along the length direction of the working table (18); the two ends of the sliding rails (16) are respectively provided with an electromagnetic clamping seat (15) and an electrode clamping seat (13) in a sliding manner, wherein the two electrode clamping seats (13) are axially symmetrically distributed, the two electromagnetic clamping seats (15) are axially symmetrically distributed, and the electromagnetic clamping seats (15) are close to the sample supporting table (10); the pulsed electric field processing assembly comprises two electrode columns (12) and two detachable electrode chucks (11), one ends of the two electrode columns (12) are respectively connected with two electrode clamping seats (13), the other ends of the two electrode columns are respectively connected with the two detachable electrode chucks (11), the two detachable electrode chucks (11) are oppositely arranged, and the two detachable electrode chucks (11) are used for clamping a sample (8); the pulsed magnetic field processing assembly comprises two magnetic field generating coils (14), the two magnetic field generating coils (14) are respectively connected with two electromagnetic clamping seats (15), and the middle relative position of the two magnetic field generating coils (14) is a sample (8) processing position; the axial leads of the electrode column (12) and the magnetic field generating coil (14) are positioned in the same plane and the same direction;
the power supply assembly (20) comprises an electric field generating power supply (20-1) and a magnetic field generating power supply (20-2), the positive pole and the negative pole of the electric field generating power supply (20-1) are respectively and electrically connected with the two electrode columns (12), and the positive pole and the negative pole of the magnetic field generating power supply (20-2) are respectively and electrically connected with the two magnetic field generating coils (14).
2. The device for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupled laser shock waves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two electrode holders (13) and the two electromagnetic holders (15) slide on the sliding rail (16) by one or more driving modes of a screw rod, a motor, a cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder.
3. The device for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electro-magnetic field coupled laser shock wave according to claim 1, wherein the bottoms of the two electrode holders (13) and the two electromagnetic holders (15) are slidably connected with the sliding rail (16) through sliding bearings (17) fixedly connected with the bottom of the two electrode holders, the two electrode holders (13) and the two electromagnetic holders (15) are provided with racks, the sliding rail (16) is provided with gears engaged with the racks, the gears are connected with a driving motor, the two electrode holders (13) and the two electromagnetic holders (15) are driven by the gears to synchronously move along the sliding rail, the two electromagnetic holders (15) and the sliding rail synchronously move along the sliding rail, and the power supply assembly further comprises a motor power supply which is electrically connected with the driving motor.
4. The device for strengthening the surface property of the metal material by the electro-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave according to claim 3, further comprising a cooling assembly (21), wherein the cooling assembly (21) comprises a first cooling machine (21-1), a second cooling machine (21-2), two sets of first cooling pipelines respectively arranged at the bottoms of the two magnetic field generating coils and communicated with the first cooling machine (21-1), the first cooling machine (21-1) provides cooling liquid, and one set of second cooling pipelines arranged at the bottom of the magnetic field generating power supply (20-2) and communicated with the second cooling machine (21-2), the second cooling machine (21-2) provides cooling liquid, the power supply assembly (20) further comprises a cooler power supply, and the first cooler (21-1) and the second cooler (21-2) are respectively electrically connected with the cooler power supply.
5. The device for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave according to claim 4, further comprising a motion controller (19), wherein the computer system (1) is respectively connected with signal input ends of the motion controller (19), the power supply assembly (20) and the cooling assembly (21), and a signal output end of the motion controller (19) is connected with a signal input end of the driving motor.
6. The device of claim 5, a method for strengthening the surface property of a metal material by using an electric-magnetic field coupled laser shock wave, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
grinding and polishing the surface of a metal material, finally performing ultrasonic cleaning in an industrial alcohol solution, and drying to obtain a sample (8) for later use;
placing the sample (8) between two electrode columns (12), then moving an electrode clamping seat (13) to enable the metal material to be positioned in the middle of the device, and then clamping and fixing the metal material through an electrode clamping head (11);
thirdly, controlling the electromagnetic clamping seat (15) to move on the sliding track (16) to enable the magnetic field generating coil (14) to reach a required processing position;
starting the electric field generating power supply (20-1), the magnetic field generating power supply (20-2) and the cooling assembly (21), and simultaneously finishing effective coupling of the pulse magnetic field and the pulse electric field under the cooling action of the cooling assembly (21) to finish electromagnetic coupling treatment on the workpiece; determining the optimal pulse electromagnetic coupling processing parameters of the sample (8) by using the maximum yield strength and the fracture elongation of the sample as optimization targets and using a response surface optimization method;
performing electromagnetic coupling treatment on the sample (8) under the optimal process parameters, and simultaneously obtaining the dynamic yield strength of the metal material by utilizing a Hopkinson pressure bar experiment or numerical simulation analysis;
combining the dynamic yield strength of the metal material and the residual stress of the metal material in the initial state of the surface, solving the Yugonueniu elastic limit of the metal material, further determining the peak pressure of the laser shock wave, and determining the optimal laser power density according to a laser shock wave peak pressure formula;
placing the laser shock wave sample (8) on the sample support table (10), and sequentially placing the laser absorption layer (7) and the constraint layer (6) on the upper surface of the sample (8); processing the sample (8) under the optimal pulse electromagnetic coupling processing technological parameter; immediately starting a pulse laser (3), and carrying out laser shock wave strengthening treatment on the sample (8) under the optimal laser power density;
step eight, cutting off the power supply assembly (20) and turning off the pulse laser (3) after the laser shock wave strengthening treatment; and then taking down the sample (8), removing the residual absorption layer (7) and the residual restraint layer (6) on the surface of the sample (8), and then carrying out test analysis on the microstructure, residual stress and mechanical property of the sample.
7. The method for strengthening the surface property of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupled laser shock waves as claimed in claim 6, wherein the metal material is a high-entropy alloy, a titanium alloy, a magnesium alloy, an aluminum alloy, a nickel-based alloy or a copper alloy.
8. The method for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves as claimed in claim 6, wherein the absorption layer (7) is an aluminum foil with the thickness of 80-120 μm, the restraint layer (6) is sapphire glass or K9 glass, and the insulation layer (9) is rubber with the thickness of 10 mm.
9. The method for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves according to claim 6, wherein the pulsed electric field treatment process parameters in the fourth step are as follows: the pulse frequency is 50-10000 Hz, the peak current is 20-50000A, the pulse width is 10-5000 mus, and the pulse time is 10-1000 s; the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field treatment process are as follows: the pulse frequency is 100-1000 Hz, the peak magnetic induction is 1-10T, the pulse width is 50-5000 mus, and the pulse time is 10-1000 s.
10. The method for strengthening the surface performance of the metal material by the electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock waves according to claim 6, wherein the process parameters for strengthening the laser shock waves in the seventh step are as follows: the laser pulse width is 10-100 ns, and the laser power density is 10-30 GW/cm 2 The diameter of the laser spot is 1, 2 or 3 mm, the lap-joint rate of the laser spot is 25%, 50% or 75%, and the frequency of laser shock waves is 1, 3 or 5.
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| CN202210633401.5A CN115029542A (en) | 2022-06-06 | 2022-06-06 | Device and method for strengthening surface performance of metal material by electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave |
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| CN202210633401.5A CN115029542A (en) | 2022-06-06 | 2022-06-06 | Device and method for strengthening surface performance of metal material by electric-magnetic field coupling laser shock wave |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115595522A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-01-13 | 东北电力大学（Cn） | Device and method for pre-coupling pulse current and pulse magnetic field assisted shot blasting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115595522A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-01-13 | 东北电力大学（Cn） | Device and method for pre-coupling pulse current and pulse magnetic field assisted shot blasting |
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