CN115029014B - 一种表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材，包括芯层和外层；按重量份，所述芯层包括以下原料：木质纤维35～45、聚丙烯腈纤维2～4、高密度聚乙烯10～30、马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯5～10、碳酸钙3～6、高岭土4～8、润滑剂2～5、防霉剂3～6、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.5；按重量份，所述外层包括以下原料：热塑性弹性体75～85、乙烯‑醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐15～25、光稳定剂0.3～0.5、抗氧剂0.2～0.4、颜料0.1～0.3。本发明芯层具有良好的拉伸强度、和热变形性能，外层具有良好抗冲击强度、拉伸性和磨损性能。并且芯层和外层之间具有非常好的胶合强度，表明其芯层和外层之间具有非常好的结合力，不易分裂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及木塑复合材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材及其制备方法。
背景技术
木塑复合材料，是指利用塑料与木粉、稻壳、秸秆等植物纤维混合成新的木质材料，再经挤压、模压、注塑成型等加工工艺，生产出的板材或型材，主要用于建材、家具、物流包装等行业。
现有一种弹性表面共挤木塑型材，用在篮球场地板等要求具有防滑性能和缓冲性能的场所中，通过供给的方式在木塑型材表面形成一层弹性层，这种方式虽然具有一定效果，但是芯层和表层之间的结合力低，容易出现分裂。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材，旨在解决现有技术芯层和表层之间的结合力低的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材，包括芯层和外层；
按重量份，所述芯层包括以下原料：木质纤维35～45、聚丙烯腈纤维2～4、高密度聚乙烯10～30、马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯5～10、碳酸钙3～6、高岭土4～8、润滑剂2～5、防霉剂3～6、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.5；
按重量份，所述外层包括以下原料：热塑性弹性体75～85、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐15～25、光稳定剂0.3～0.5、抗氧剂0.2～0.4、颜料0.1～0.3。
进一步地，所述木质纤维为玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆、木材中的一种或者两种以上的按任意比例混合的混合物。
进一步地，所述润滑剂为油酸酰胺类润滑剂。
进一步地，所述防霉剂为pcp-Na。
进一步地，所述热塑性弹性体为TPE。
进一步地，所述光稳定剂为受阻胺类光稳定剂。
进一步地，所述抗氧剂为AT-168或AT-1010。
本发明还提供上述表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)芯层造粒
将木质纤维粉碎成粉，然后与剩余原料混合，在90～105℃条件下搅拌30～50min，得到芯层初混料，将芯层初混料投入双螺杆造粒机中，在175～195℃条件下挤出造粒，得到芯层原料颗粒；
(2)外层造粒
热塑性弹性体和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐混合，加入剩余原料，在90～100℃条件下搅拌10～20min，得到外层初混料，将外层初混料投入平双造粒机中，在185～195℃条件下挤出造粒，得到外层原料颗粒；
(3)共挤成型
将外层原料颗粒置于单螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为165～215℃，将芯层原料颗粒置于双螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为150～180℃；然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具，由模具挤出定型，得到所述表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材。
本发明的有益效果体现在：
本发明芯层具有良好的拉伸强度、和热变形性能，外层具有良好抗冲击强度、拉伸性和磨损性能。并且芯层和外层之间具有非常好的胶合强度，表明其芯层和外层之间具有非常好的结合力，不易分裂。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
以下实施例所使用的各种原料，如未作特别说明，均为本领域公知的市售产品。
实施例1
表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材的制备
表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材包括芯层和外层；
按重量份，所述芯层包括以下原料：玉米秸秆40、聚丙烯腈纤维3、高密度聚乙烯20、马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯8、碳酸钙5、高岭土6、润滑剂油酸酰胺4、防霉剂pcp-Na 4、硅烷偶联剂KH550 0.4；
按重量份，所述外层包括以下原料：热塑性弹性体TPE 80、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐20、受阻胺类光稳定剂0.4、抗氧剂AT-168 0.3、颜料0.2。
具体制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)芯层造粒
将木质纤维粉碎成粉，然后与剩余原料混合，在100℃条件下搅拌40min，得到芯层初混料，将芯层初混料投入双螺杆造粒机中，在185℃条件下挤出造粒，得到芯层原料颗粒；
(2)外层造粒
热塑性弹性体和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐混合，加入剩余原料，在95℃条件下搅拌15min，得到外层初混料，将外层初混料投入平双造粒机中，在190℃条件下挤出造粒，得到外层原料颗粒；
(3)共挤成型
将外层原料颗粒置于单螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为190℃，将芯层原料颗粒置于双螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为165℃；然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具，由模具挤出定型，得到所述表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材。
实施例2
表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材的制备
表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材包括芯层和外层；
按重量份，所述芯层包括以下原料：玉米秸秆35、聚丙烯腈纤维2、高密度聚乙烯10、马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯5、碳酸钙3、高岭土4、润滑剂油酸酰胺2、防霉剂pcp-Na 3、硅烷偶联剂KH550 0.3；
按重量份，所述外层包括以下原料：热塑性弹性体TPE 75、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐15、受阻胺类光稳定剂0.3、抗氧剂AT-168 0.2、颜料0.1。
具体制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)芯层造粒
将木质纤维粉碎成粉，然后与剩余原料混合，在90℃条件下搅拌50min，得到芯层初混料，将芯层初混料投入双螺杆造粒机中，在175℃条件下挤出造粒，得到芯层原料颗粒；
(2)外层造粒
热塑性弹性体和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐混合，加入剩余原料，在90℃条件下搅拌20min，得到外层初混料，将外层初混料投入平双造粒机中，在185℃条件下挤出造粒，得到外层原料颗粒；
(3)共挤成型
将外层原料颗粒置于单螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为165℃，将芯层原料颗粒置于双螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为150℃；然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具，由模具挤出定型，得到所述表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材。
实施例3
表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材的制备
表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材包括芯层和外层；
按重量份，所述芯层包括以下原料：玉米秸秆45、聚丙烯腈纤维4、高密度聚乙烯30、马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯10、碳酸钙6、高岭土8、润滑剂油酸酰胺5、防霉剂pcp-Na 6、硅烷偶联剂KH550 0.5；
按重量份，所述外层包括以下原料：热塑性弹性体TPE 85、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐25、受阻胺类光稳定剂0.5、抗氧剂AT-1010 0.4、颜料0.3。
具体制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)芯层造粒
将木质纤维粉碎成粉，然后与剩余原料混合，在105℃条件下搅拌30min，得到芯层初混料，将芯层初混料投入双螺杆造粒机中，在195℃条件下挤出造粒，得到芯层原料颗粒；
(2)外层造粒
热塑性弹性体和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐混合，加入剩余原料，在100℃条件下搅拌10min，得到外层初混料，将外层初混料投入平双造粒机中，在195℃条件下挤出造粒，得到外层原料颗粒；
(3)共挤成型
将外层原料颗粒置于单螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为215℃，将芯层原料颗粒置于双螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为180℃；然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具，由模具挤出定型，得到所述表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材。
实施例4
表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材的性能测试
对上述实施例制得的表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材的芯层和外层进行强度等性能测试，结果见下表1，其中拉伸强度按照GB/T 1040-92进行检测；拉伸模量按照GB/T1040-92进行检测，热变形温度按照GB1634-79进行检测，抗冲击强按照GB-T 1043.1-2008简支梁冲击性能的测定进行检测，拉伸断裂伸长率按照GB-T1040.1-2006塑料拉伸性能的测定第一部分进行检测，磨损率按照GB3960-88检测。
表1
另外，对上述实施例制得的表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材按照GB/T15102-2006进行表面胶合强度的检测，实施例1至3的结果依次为15.8MPa、16.4MPa和15.9MPa，表明其芯层和外层之间具有非常好的结合力,在实施例1的基础上，省去乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐或者用高密度聚乙烯替换马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯，胶合强度均低于12MPa。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材，其特征在于，包括芯层和外层；
按重量份，所述芯层包括以下原料：木质纤维35～45、聚丙烯腈纤维2～4、高密度聚乙烯10～30、马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯5～10、碳酸钙3～6、高岭土4～8、油酸酰胺类润滑剂2～5、防霉剂3～6、硅烷偶联剂0.3～0.5；所述防霉剂为pcp-Na；
按重量份，所述外层包括以下原料：热塑性弹性体TPE 75～85、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐15～25、光稳定剂0.3～0.5、抗氧剂0.2～0.4、颜料0.1～0.3；所述光稳定剂为受阻胺类光稳定剂；所述抗氧剂为AT-168或AT-1010；
所述木塑型材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）芯层造粒
将木质纤维粉碎成粉，然后与剩余原料混合，在90～105℃条件下搅拌30～50min，得到芯层初混料，将芯层初混料投入双螺杆造粒机中，在175～195℃条件下挤出造粒，得到芯层原料颗粒；
（2）外层造粒
热塑性弹性体和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐混合，加入剩余原料，在90～100℃条件下搅拌10～20min，得到外层初混料，将外层初混料投入平双造粒机中，在185～195℃条件下挤出造粒，得到外层原料颗粒；
（3）共挤成型
将外层原料颗粒置于单螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为165～215℃，将芯层原料颗粒置于双螺杆挤出机，机筒温度为150～180℃；然后单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机的熔融塑化产物同步通过模具，由模具挤出定型，得到所述表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材。
2.如权利要求1所述的表面包覆柔性材料的木塑型材，其特征在于，所述木质纤维为玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆、木材中的一种或者两种以上的按任意比例混合的混合物。
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