CN115028988A - Organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/346—Clay
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
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- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention prepares the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material by taking polyethylene glycol as a soft segment, taking an alcohol chain extender and polyisocyanate as a hard segment and taking organic montmorillonite as a heterogeneous nucleating agent for the first time, thereby not only improving the energy storage capacity of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material, but also improving the thermal stability, the thermal conductivity and the crystallization property of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phase change energy storage composite materials, in particular to an organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In order to solve the problem of global increasingly serious energy crisis, new materials and new material processing techniques have been rapidly developed. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have become hot spots of scientific and industrial research as environment-friendly and energy-saving materials. The phase-change material absorbs or releases heat in the phase-change process, energy is saved through phase-change latent heat of the phase-change material, and finally the aims of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved. Therefore, the phase-change material has a good application prospect in the technical field of heat storage.
Phase change materials are generally classified into solid-solid phase change, solid-liquid phase change, solid-gas phase change, and liquid-gas phase change according to their phase change processes. Although the latter two materials have large phase-change enthalpy, a large amount of gas is generated in the phase-change process, and the volume change of the phase-change material is large, so that the latter two materials are rarely applied to practical situations. The solid-liquid phase change material is widely applied due to large latent heat value, multiple types and small volume change (not higher than 12%). Solid-liquid phase change materials, however, have a liquid phase during phase change, and the liquid phase has limited application due to its fluidity and easy leakage. Therefore, the solid-liquid phase change material needs to be sealed or encapsulated in microcapsules by special equipment, and the design increases the heat transfer resistance on one hand and increases the volume and cost of the system on the other hand. The solid-solid phase change material has the advantages of high energy storage density, small volume change, no supercooling, phase separation, leakage resistance, excellent mechanical property, easiness in molding and processing and the like, draws wide attention, and has a good application prospect in the field of energy storage. The polymer solid-solid phase change material has the advantages of high energy storage density, small volume change, no supercooling, phase separation and the like, and is widely applied to the application fields of building, textile, solar energy storage and the like.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used as a typical solid-liquid phase change material, has the advantages of no toxicity, no corrosivity and good biocompatibility, and the phase change temperature can be adjusted by the molecular weight. However, like other solid-liquid phase change materials, polyethylene glycol also has a problem of being easily leaked during the phase change. In order to solve the problem of liquid leakage, the prior art adopts the reaction of polyethylene glycol containing hydroxyl and diisocyanate to prepare the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material. The polyurethane phase-change material can still keep a solid state when reaching the melting temperature of polyethylene glycol, and can realize the storage and release of energy through solid-solid phase change. Although the method solves the leakage problem, the content of polyethylene glycol in the whole system is reduced due to the addition of the hard segment material, so that the enthalpy value is reduced, in addition, hydroxyl groups at two ends of a polyethylene glycol molecular chain are fixed on isocyanate through the action of chemical bonds, the movement of the polyethylene glycol molecular chain is limited, the polyethylene glycol cannot be completely crystallized during crystallization, and the enthalpy value is further greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material to solve the problems that the content of polyethylene glycol is reduced due to the addition of a hard segment material, and the enthalpy value is greatly reduced due to the limitation of the movement of a polyethylene glycol molecular chain in the prior art.
The invention provides an organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material, which is prepared by taking polyethylene glycol as a soft segment, taking an alcohol chain extender and polyisocyanate as a hard segment, taking organic montmorillonite as a heterogeneous nucleating agent, and carrying out reaction and solidification;
the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000-1200 parts of polyethylene glycol, 80-100 parts of polyisocyanate, 15-20 parts of alcohol chain extender, 3-30 parts of organic montmorillonite and 50-240 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material, and the preparation method of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing the raw materials according to the above steps;
and 2, step: dehydrating polyethylene glycol and organic montmorillonite in vacuum at 60-80 ℃ for 16-24 hours; simultaneously, dehydrating the alcohol chain extender in vacuum at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, and keeping the alcohol chain extender in a molten state;
and step 3: carrying out water removal treatment on DMF (dimethyl formamide), dissolving dehydrated polyethylene glycol in DMF, placing the mixture in a reactor, stirring and dissolving, heating to 50-70 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, uniformly stirring, adding dried organic montmorillonite into the reactor, slowly dripping polyisocyanate into the reactor, dripping molten alcohol chain extender into the reactor, fully reacting to obtain a prepolymer, and pouring the prepolymer into a mold;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the prepolymer at the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for 16-24 h, and solidifying the prepolymer to obtain the organic montmorillonite/polyurethane solid-solid phase change material.
The invention also provides an application of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material, and the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is used for preparing a temperature-regulating and temperature-controlling hard foam polyurethane composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention firstly uses polyethylene glycol as a soft segment, alcohol chain extender and polyisocyanate as hard segments, and organic montmorillonite as a heterogeneous nucleating agent to prepare the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material, compared with the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material without organic montmorillonite, the phase change enthalpy is increased from 95.46J/g to 98.09-106.8J/g, the initial thermal weight loss temperature is increased from 348 ℃ to 354-368 ℃, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is from 0.2628 W.m -1 ·K -1 The temperature is increased to 0.2863-0.3035 W.m -1 ·K -1 The relative crystallinity is improved from 66.5% to 69.4-74.8%. Therefore, the addition of the organic montmorillonite not only improves the energy storage capacity of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material, but also improves the thermal stability, the thermal conductivity and the crystallization performance of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material.
2. The polyurethane-based solid-solid phase change material is prepared by adopting a two-step method, the preparation process is simple and convenient, the environment is protected, the universality and the designability are strong, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the price is relatively low, and the polyurethane-based solid-solid phase change material is suitable for large-scale production.
3. The organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material prepared by the invention plays a role in temperature regulation and control in a hard foam polyurethane composite material, as shown in figure 5, the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material has a constant temperature platform of about 300s in the heating and cooling processes, and shows good temperature control capability, so the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material has good application and market prospect in the aspect of buildings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material.
FIG. 2 is a DSC chart of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material obtained in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a POM diagram of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material obtained in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a temperature variation curve of the solid-solid phase transition composite material of polyethylene glycol and polyurethane in temperature-controlled simulation experiment of example 1: (a) a temperature rise process; (b) and (5) cooling.
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of the temperature-regulating and-controlling rigid foam polyurethane composite obtained in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a temperature profile of temperature-controlled rigid foam polyurethane composites of examples 1-2 and comparative examples in a temperature-controlled simulation experiment: (a) a temperature rise process; (b) and (5) cooling.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
Organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material
The organic montmorillonite/polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is obtained by taking polyethylene glycol as a soft segment, taking an alcohol chain extender and polyisocyanate as a hard segment and taking organic montmorillonite as a heterogeneous nucleating agent through reaction and solidification;
the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000-1200 parts of polyethylene glycol, 80-100 parts of polyisocyanate, 15-20 parts of alcohol chain extender, 3-30 parts of organic montmorillonite and 50-240 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide. The organic montmorillonite used in the invention is dry powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, the apparent density of 0.25-0.35 g/cm3, and the moisture content of the organic montmorillonite is less than 3%, and the organic montmorillonite is purchased from southern Clay company in America. In the present invention, the technical effects described in the present invention can be achieved by using other polyisocyanates.
After the research on the existing solid-solid phase change material, the invention discovers that the crystallization capacity and the phase change enthalpy value of the solid-solid phase change material are remarkably improved by innovatively adding organic montmorillonite when the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is synthesized, and after the principle of the solid-solid phase change material is deeply researched, the addition of the organic montmorillonite is discovered to be capable of effectively weakening the restriction effect of the chemical action between isocyanate and hydroxyl on the crystallization behavior of the soft-segment polyethylene glycol, so that the organic montmorillonite can be used as a heterogeneous nucleating agent for improving the crystallization capacity and the phase change enthalpy value of the solid-solid phase change polyurethane. In the preparation process of the solid-solid phase change material, the organic montmorillonite provides more crystallization nucleation points, so that the nucleation of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is easier, the crystal quantity is obviously increased, the crystal grains are refined, and the crystallization capacity is improved. After a proper amount of organic montmorillonite is added into a polyurethane system, the enthalpy of the solid-solid phase change material of the polyurethane is obviously improved because the hydroxyl groups among the organic montmorillonite layers provide physical crosslinking points in the system, the reaction of the hydroxyl groups at the tail end of the polyethylene glycol and isocyanate is reduced, and the chemical limit of the polyethylene glycol molecular chain is reduced to a certain extent.
Second, examples and Properties
Example 1
(1) 100g of polyethylene glycol and 0.56g of organic matter are takenMontmorillonite is placed in 70 o C drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24h, taking 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether and placing in a vacuum drying oven for 120 h o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 3 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa. Removing water from DMF by using a 4A molecular sieve.
(2) Dissolving dried 100g polyethylene glycol in appropriate amount of DMF, placing in flask, stirring for dissolving, and protecting with nitrogen gas, 70 o Stirring for 30min at the rotation speed of 200r/min by a stirrer at the oil bath temperature of C, then adding 0.56g of dried organic montmorillonite into the flask, stirring for 3min, slowly dripping 8.4g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate into the flask, stirring for 1min, and finally slowly dripping 120 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate into the flask o C the molten 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether was dried and reacted for 3min, after which the prepolymer was poured into a mold.
(3) Placing the prepolymer at 80 o And C, carrying out vacuum treatment in a vacuum drying oven for 18h to remove the DMF solvent and solidifying the DMF solvent to obtain the solid-solid phase change material. The properties are shown in Table 1.
(4) Taking 75g of polypropylene glycol and placing the polypropylene glycol at 70 o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa.
(5) The dried polypropylene glycol was placed in a flask under nitrogen protection 70% o And C, at the oil bath temperature, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 200r/min, then 90g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate is slowly dripped into the flask, and the prepolymer after full reaction is poured out.
(6) Defoaming in a vacuum drying oven, adding 4.8g of foam stabilizer and 9.6g of foaming agent into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring at 1500rpm, adding 20g of polyurethane solid-solid phase change material particles with the particle size of 0.4-0.6 mm, continuously stirring until the system turns white, pouring into a mold, and stirring at 80 DEG C o Curing for 2h under C.
Example 2
(1) Placing 100g of polyethylene glycol and 1.12g of organic montmorillonite in 80 o C drying in a vacuum drying oven for 20h, taking 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether and placing in a container of 110 o And C, drying for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven with the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa. DMF is subjected to water removal by using a 4A molecular sieve.
(2) Dissolving dried 100g polyethylene glycol in appropriate amount of DMF, placing into flask, stirring to dissolveThen, under the protection of nitrogen gas, 60 o Stirring for 30min at the oil bath temperature of C at the rotation speed of 200r/min by a stirrer, then adding 1.12g of dried organic montmorillonite into the flask, stirring for 3min, then slowly dropwise adding 8.4g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate into the flask, stirring for 1min, and finally slowly dropwise adding 110 into the flask o C the molten 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether was dried and reacted for 1min, after which the prepolymer was poured into a mold.
(3) Placing the prepolymer at 80 o And C, carrying out vacuum treatment in a vacuum drying oven for 20 hours to remove the DMF solvent and solidifying the DMF solvent to obtain the solid-solid phase change material. The properties are shown in Table 1.
(4) 75g of polypropylene glycol are placed in a container of 80 g o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 20 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa.
(5) The dried polypropylene glycol was placed in a flask under nitrogen protection at 60 deg.C o And C, at the oil bath temperature, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 200r/min, then 90g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate is slowly dripped into the flask, and the prepolymer after full reaction is poured out.
(6) Defoaming in a vacuum drying oven, adding 4.8g of foam stabilizer and 9.6g of foaming agent into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring at 1500rpm, adding 40g of polyurethane solid-solid phase change material particles with the particle size of 0.4-0.6 mm, continuously stirring until the system turns white, pouring into a mold, and stirring at 85 DEG C o Curing for 2h under C.
Example 3
(1) Placing 100g of polyethylene glycol and 1.68g of organic montmorillonite in 60g of water o C drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24h, taking 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether and placing in a vacuum drying oven for 120 h o And C, drying for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven with the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa. Removing water from DMF by using a 4A molecular sieve.
(2) Dissolving dried 100g polyethylene glycol in appropriate amount of DMF, placing in flask, stirring for dissolving, and then under nitrogen protection, 50% o Stirring for 30min at the oil bath temperature of C at the rotation speed of 200r/min by a stirrer, then adding 1.68g of dried organic montmorillonite into the flask, stirring for 3min, then slowly dropwise adding 8.4g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate into the flask, stirring for 1min, and finally slowly dropwise adding 120 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate into the flask o C drying the molten 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether, after a reaction time of 1min, the prepolymer was poured into a mold.
(3) Placing the prepolymer at 80 o And C, carrying out vacuum treatment in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours to remove the DMF solvent and solidifying the DMF solvent to obtain the solid-solid phase change material. The properties are shown in Table 1.
(4) Taking 75g of polypropylene glycol and placing the polypropylene glycol in a container with 60g of the polypropylene glycol o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa.
(5) Placing the dried polypropylene glycol into a flask, and placing the flask in a nitrogen atmosphere at 50 DEG C o And C, at the oil bath temperature, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 200r/min, then 90g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate is slowly dripped into the flask, and the prepolymer after full reaction is poured out.
(6) Defoaming in a vacuum drying oven, adding 4.8g of foam stabilizer and 9.6g of foaming agent into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring at 1500rpm, adding 60g of polyurethane solid-solid phase change material particles with the particle size of 0.4-0.6 mm, continuously stirring until the system turns white, pouring into a mold, and stirring at 75 deg.C o Curing for 2h under C.
Example 4
(1) Placing 100g of polyethylene glycol and 1.68g of organic montmorillonite in 60g of water o C drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24h, taking 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether and placing in a vacuum drying oven for 120 h o And C, drying for 4 hours in a vacuum drying oven with the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa. Removing water from DMF by using a 4A molecular sieve.
(2) Dissolving dried 100g polyethylene glycol in appropriate amount of DMF, placing into flask, stirring to dissolve, and then placing under nitrogen protection, 50 deg.C o Stirring for 30min at the oil bath temperature of C at the rotation speed of 200r/min by a stirrer, then adding 1.68g of dried organic montmorillonite into the flask, stirring for 3min, then slowly dropwise adding 5.64g of hexamethylene diisocyanate into the flask, stirring for 1min, and finally slowly dropwise adding 120 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate into the flask o C the molten 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether was dried and reacted for 1min, after which the prepolymer was poured into a mold.
(3) Placing the prepolymer at 80 o And C, carrying out vacuum treatment in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours to remove the DMF solvent and solidifying the DMF solvent to obtain the solid-solid phase change material. The properties are shown in Table 1.
（4) Taking 75g of polypropylene glycol and placing the polypropylene glycol in a container with 60g of the polypropylene glycol o C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours under the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa.
(5) Placing the dried polypropylene glycol into a flask, and placing the flask in a nitrogen atmosphere at 50 DEG C o And C, at the oil bath temperature, slowly dropwise adding 60g of hexamethylene diisocyanate into the flask at the rotating speed of the stirrer of 200r/min, and pouring out the fully reacted prepolymer.
(6) Defoaming in a vacuum drying oven, adding 4.8g of foam stabilizer and 9.6g of foaming agent into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring at 1500rpm, adding 60g of polyurethane solid-solid phase change material particles with the particle size of 0.4-0.6 mm, continuously stirring until the system turns white, pouring into a mold, and stirring at 75 deg.C o And C, curing for 2 h.
Example 5
(1) Placing 100g of polyethylene glycol and 0.56g of organic montmorillonite in 70 o C drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24h, taking 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether and placing in a vacuum drying oven for 120 h o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 3 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa. Removing water from DMF by using a 4A molecular sieve.
(2) Dissolving dried 100g polyethylene glycol in appropriate amount of DMF, placing in flask, stirring for dissolving, and protecting with nitrogen gas, 70 o Stirring for 30min at the rotation speed of 200r/min by a stirrer at the oil bath temperature of C, then adding 0.56g of dried organic montmorillonite into the flask, stirring for 3min, slowly dripping 5.85g of toluene diisocyanate into the flask, stirring for 1min, and finally slowly dripping 120 g of toluene diisocyanate into the flask o C.the molten 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether was dried and after 3min the prepolymer was poured into moulds.
(3) Placing the prepolymer at 80 o And C, carrying out vacuum treatment in a vacuum drying oven for 18h to remove the DMF solvent and solidifying the DMF solvent to obtain the solid-solid phase change material. The properties are shown in Table 1.
(4) Taking 75g of polypropylene glycol and placing the polypropylene glycol at 70 o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa.
(5) The dried polypropylene glycol was placed in a flask under nitrogen protection 70% o At the oil bath temperature C, the rotating speed of a stirrer is 200r/min, then 63g of toluene diisocyanate is slowly dripped into the flask, andpouring out the prepolymer after full reaction.
(6) Defoaming in a vacuum drying oven, adding 4.8g of foam stabilizer and 9.6g of foaming agent into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring at 1500rpm, adding 20g of polyurethane solid-solid phase change material particles with the particle size of 0.4-0.6 mm, continuously stirring until the system turns white, pouring into a mold, and stirring at 80 DEG C o Curing for 2h under C.
Comparative example
(1) Placing 100g of polyethylene glycol in 80 o C drying in a vacuum drying oven for 20h, taking 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether and placing in a vacuum drying oven for 120 h o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 3 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa. Removing water from DMF by using a 4A molecular sieve.
(2) Dissolving dried 100g polyethylene glycol in appropriate amount of DMF, placing in flask, stirring for dissolving, and protecting with nitrogen gas, 70 o Stirring for 30min at the oil bath temperature of C at the rotation speed of 200r/min by a stirrer, then slowly dropwise adding 8.4g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate into the flask, stirring for 1min, and finally slowly dropwise adding 120 into the flask o C the molten 1.68g of hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether was dried and reacted for 1min, after which the prepolymer was poured into a mold.
(3) Placing the prepolymer at 80 o And C, carrying out vacuum treatment in a vacuum drying oven for 24 hours to remove the DMF solvent and solidifying the DMF solvent to obtain the solid-solid phase change material. The properties are shown in Table 1.
(4) 75g of polypropylene glycol are taken and placed in a container of 80 o And C, drying in a vacuum drying oven for 20 hours at the vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa.
(5) The dried polypropylene glycol was placed in a flask under nitrogen protection 70% o And C, at the oil bath temperature, the rotating speed of a stirrer is 200r/min, then 90g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate is slowly dripped into the flask, and the prepolymer after full reaction is poured out.
(6) Defoaming in a vacuum drying oven, adding 4.8g of foam stabilizer and 9.6g of foaming agent into the prepolymer, stirring at 1500rpm until the system turns white, pouring into a mold, and stirring at 80 DEG C o Curing for 2h under C.
TABLE 1 concrete Property parameters of polyurethane solid-solid phase Change Material
It can be known from table 1 and fig. 2 that the organic montmorillonite functions as a heterogeneous nucleating agent in the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material system, and the enthalpy value of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material can be properly increased by adding a small amount of organic montmorillonite. When the phase change enthalpy value and the relative crystallinity of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material are the highest, the melting temperature of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is 54.97 ℃, the melting enthalpy is 106.8J/g, the crystallization temperature is 27.35 ℃, the crystallization enthalpy is 106.5J/g, and the relative crystallinity is 75.4%, which are far higher than those of a comparative example.
As shown in FIG. 3, the organic montmorillonite provides more crystallization nucleation points, so that the nucleation of the polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is easy and the crystal quantity is increased, so that the crystal grains are refined and the crystallization capacity is improved.
As shown in FIG. 4, the polyethylene glycol has a constant temperature platform, and the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material has a constant temperature platform of about 300s in the heating and cooling processes, which indicates that the polyurethane solid-solid phase change composite material has excellent temperature regulating and controlling capabilities.
From fig. 5, it can be seen that the solid-solid phase change polyurethane composite material is successfully introduced into the rigid foam polyurethane composite material, and from fig. 6, as the solid-solid phase change polyurethane composite material is increased, the temperature regulation and insulation effects of the rigid foam polyurethane composite material are better.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is characterized in that polyethylene glycol is used as a soft segment, an alcohol chain extender and polyisocyanate are used as a hard segment, organic montmorillonite is used as a heterogeneous nucleating agent, and the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is obtained after reaction and solidification;
the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000-1200 parts of polyethylene glycol, 80-100 parts of polyisocyanate, 15-20 parts of alcohol chain extender, 3-30 parts of organic montmorillonite and 50-240 parts of N, N-dimethylformamide.
2. The organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material of claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is one of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate.
3. The organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material of claim 1, wherein the alcohol chain extender is hydroquinone bis (2-hydroxyethyl) ether.
4. The organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic montmorillonite is a dry powder with a particle size of 200 meshes and an apparent density of 0.25-0.35 g/cm 3 And a moisture content of < 3%.
5. The preparation method of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is characterized by preparing the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material as claimed in claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing the material as recited in claim 1;
and 2, step: dehydrating polyethylene glycol and organic montmorillonite in vacuum at 60-80 ℃ for 16-24 hours; simultaneously, dehydrating the alcohol chain extender in vacuum at the temperature of 100-120 ℃, and keeping the alcohol chain extender in a molten state;
and 3, step 3: carrying out water removal treatment on DMF (dimethyl formamide), dissolving dehydrated polyethylene glycol in DMF, placing the mixture in a reactor, stirring and dissolving, heating to 50-70 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, uniformly stirring, adding dried organic montmorillonite into the reactor, slowly dripping polyisocyanate into the reactor, dripping molten alcohol chain extender into the reactor, fully reacting to obtain a prepolymer, and pouring the prepolymer into a mold;
and 4, step 4: and (3) carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the prepolymer at the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for 16-24 h, and solidifying the prepolymer to obtain the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material.
6. The application of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is characterized in that the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material is used for preparing a temperature-regulating and temperature-controlling hard foam polyurethane composite material.
7. The application of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature-adjusting and-controlling rigid foam polyurethane composite material comprises polyether polyol, polyisocyanate, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer and a polyurethane solid-solid phase change material, and the rigid foam polyurethane composite material is obtained by adopting a one-step foaming method after the materials are stirred and mixed;
the composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyether polyol, 120 parts of polyisocyanate, 4-8 parts of foaming agent, 2-4 parts of foam stabilizer and 0-47.5 parts of polyurethane solid-solid phase change material.
8. The use of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the polyether polyol comprises polypropylene glycol; the foaming agent comprises n-pentane; the foam stabilizer is an organic silicon foam stabilizer; the polyisocyanate comprises one of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate.
9. The application of the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the temperature-regulating and temperature-controlling hard foam polyurethane composite material is as follows:
(1) preparing the material according to claim 8;
(2) carrying out vacuum dehydration on polyether polyol for 18-24 hours at the temperature of 60-80 ℃;
(3) putting the dried polyether polyol into a reactor, and stirring at the rotation speed of 200r/min under the protection of nitrogen and at the temperature of 50-70 ℃; slowly adding polyisocyanate into the reactor, and fully reacting to obtain a prepolymer;
(4) and (2) carrying out vacuum defoaming treatment on the prepolymer, then adding a foam stabilizer and a foaming agent into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring, adding the organic montmorillonite polyurethane solid-solid phase change material with the particle size of 0.4-0.6 mm, continuously stirring until the system turns white, pouring the mixture into a mold, and curing for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 75-85 ℃ to obtain the temperature-regulating and temperature-controlling hard foam polyurethane composite material.
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