CN115026940A - Positioner of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement - Google Patents

Positioner of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115026940A
CN115026940A CN202210756680.4A CN202210756680A CN115026940A CN 115026940 A CN115026940 A CN 115026940A CN 202210756680 A CN202210756680 A CN 202210756680A CN 115026940 A CN115026940 A CN 115026940A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
positioner
positioning
fixing frame
prefabricated
fixing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210756680.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
郑冠雨
梅英宝
尤雪春
吴杏弟
孙坚
朱荣军
董建曦
刘清扬
汪立俊
沈阳
刘井远
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Shanghai Construction No 7 Group Co Ltd
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Shanghai Construction No 7 Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Construction No 7 Group Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Construction No 7 Group Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210756680.4A priority Critical patent/CN115026940A/en
Publication of CN115026940A publication Critical patent/CN115026940A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2023/087300 priority patent/WO2024001407A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/022Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould
    • B28B23/024Supporting means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a positioning device for connecting steel bars of prefabricated parts. The positioning device comprises a fixing assembly and at least one positioner, wherein a plurality of steel bar positioning holes for positioning and connecting steel bars are formed in the positioner, the fixing assembly comprises a fixing frame and a connecting unit, a positioning groove for supporting the positioner is formed in the fixing frame, the positioner is accommodated in the positioning groove and movably arranged along a guide surface formed in the length direction of the positioning groove, and when the positioner is located at a preset position, the positioner is fixedly connected with the fixing frame through the connecting unit. In production and transportation, positioner can be to accurate location of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement and whole fixed protection, effectively avoids prefabricated component connecting reinforcement skew or crooked take place for the relative position in the production transportation, and the site operation degree of difficulty greatly reduced improves site operation quality and efficiency.

Description

Positioner of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of prefabricated assembly engineering, and particularly relates to a positioning device for connecting steel bars of prefabricated parts.
Background
The fabricated building is a building which is formed by transferring a large amount of field operation work in the traditional construction mode to a factory, processing and manufacturing building components and accessories (such as floor slabs, wall slabs, stairs, balconies and the like) in the factory, transporting the components and accessories to a building construction site, and assembling and installing the components and the accessories on the site in a reliable connection mode.
At present, can pre-buried connecting reinforcement in the prefabricated component, connecting reinforcement's partly can stretch out from the prefabricated component tip to realize that each prefabricated component can carry out the purpose of erection joint at the scene. In the construction process of the prefabricated concrete structure engineering, prefabricated parts are firstly manufactured in a factory, and the positioning range of the connecting steel bars can be roughly guaranteed through automatic binding equipment in the manufacturing process of the factory, however, the whole deviation of the connecting steel bars can be caused due to the vibration and other reasons in the pouring process, the connecting steel bars can be bent due to lack of protection in the transportation process after the prefabrication in the factory is finished, the work difficulty of the field construction is finally high, and the field construction quality and efficiency are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively avoid the relative position of the connecting steel bars of the prefabricated part from deviating or bending in the production and transportation process and improve the field construction quality and efficiency, the invention provides the positioning device for the connecting steel bars of the prefabricated part.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a positioning device for connecting a prefabricated part with a steel bar comprises:
the positioning device is provided with a plurality of steel bar positioning holes for positioning and connecting steel bars;
the fixing assembly comprises a fixing frame and a connecting unit, a positioning groove used for supporting the positioner is formed in the fixing frame, the positioner is contained in the positioning groove and movably arranged along a guide surface formed in the length direction of the positioning groove, and when the positioner is located at a preset position, the positioner is fixedly connected with the fixing frame through the connecting unit.
Furthermore, the front of the fixed frame is provided with scale marks, and the positioner corresponding to the scale marks is provided with scale positioning lines.
Furthermore, the circle center of the steel bar positioning hole faces the vertical line formed in the direction of the scale mark, and the scale positioning line is superposed.
Furthermore, the orthographic projection of the fixed frame is square, and the scale marks are formed on the long edge of the front face of the fixed frame.
Furthermore, the boundary position of the short side and the long side of the fixed frame is set to be 0 scale, and the division value is 1 mm.
Further, fixed frame includes the fixed frame body and inlays to be located this internal guide frame of fixed frame, the guide frame with the at least partial laminating of fixed frame body inner wall, the lateral wall of fixed frame body with the upper surface of guide frame forms the spigot surface, the locator is formed with to set up in the convex part of spigot surface.
Further, the upper surface of locator is with the front of fixed frame body is leveled, the lower surface of locator with the lower surface of guide frame is leveled.
Furthermore, the connecting unit comprises an adjusting hole formed in the side face of the fixed frame, a connecting hole formed in the positioner and a connecting piece, and when the positioner is located at a preset position, the connecting piece sequentially penetrates through the adjusting hole and the connecting hole to fixedly connect the positioner and the fixed frame.
Furthermore, a rubber sleeve used for fixing the extending part of the connecting steel bar of the prefabricated part is arranged on the front surface of the positioner corresponding to the position of the steel bar positioning hole.
Furthermore, the back of the fixed frame is provided with a fixed hole for contraposition connection with a template of the forming prefabricated part.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a positioning device for connecting reinforcing steel bars of a prefabricated part, which is characterized in that in the production process of the prefabricated part, fixing the fixing frame of the fixing component with a template for molding the prefabricated component before pouring concrete, the prefabricated part connecting steel bars are correspondingly penetrated through the steel bar positioning holes one by one, the positioner is accommodated in the positioning groove of the fixed frame, the prefabricated part connecting steel bars are driven to move to a preset position along the guide surface, the positioner is fixedly connected with the fixed frame through the connecting unit, and then realize location and protection to prefabricated component connecting reinforcement, and the setting of reinforcing bar locating hole can guarantee that the interval of each prefabricated component connecting reinforcement realizes accurate location, and the adjustable interval that then can guarantee each prefabricated component connecting reinforcement in position of locator realizes accurate regulation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a bottom view of a positioning device for connecting reinforcement bars of prefabricated parts according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a positioning apparatus for connecting reinforcing bars of prefabricated parts according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a positioning device for connecting reinforcing bars of prefabricated parts according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a positioning device for connecting reinforcing bars of prefabricated parts according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is another perspective view schematically illustrating a positioning device for connecting reinforcing bars of prefabricated parts according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of a positioning device for connecting reinforcing bars of prefabricated parts according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of another perspective of the positioning device for connecting reinforcement bars of prefabricated parts according to the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a positioner of a positioning device for connecting prefabricated parts with reinforcing steel bars according to the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: the steel bar positioning device comprises a positioner 10, a steel bar positioning hole 110, a scale positioning line 120, a convex part 130, a rubber sleeve 140, a fixing assembly 20, a fixing frame 210, a positioning groove 212, a guide surface 214, a scale line 216, a guide frame 213, a fixing hole 218, a connecting unit 220, an adjusting hole 222 and a connecting piece 226.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
The prefabricated building comprises a cast-in-place structure and prefabricated components, the prefabricated components are manufactured in advance in a factory and then transported to a construction site, the bottom layer of the prefabricated building structure is usually the cast-in-place structure, and after the cast-in-place structure is constructed, the prefabricated components are sequentially hoisted and connected through pouring and vibrating concrete. At present, in the manufacturing process of a factory, in order to ensure the strength of the whole structure and the connection of the prefabricated parts, a template matched with the appearance of the prefabricated parts is arranged, reinforcing steel bars are laid in the template, at least part of the connecting reinforcing steel bars of the prefabricated parts extend out of the end parts of the prefabricated parts, and the positioning precision of the connecting reinforcing steel bars of the prefabricated parts directly influences whether the connecting reinforcing steel bars of the prefabricated parts can be smoothly butted, so that the construction quality and the construction efficiency are very important.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the positioning device for connecting reinforcing bars to a prefabricated component according to the present embodiment includes a fixing assembly 20 and at least one positioner 10, the positioner 10 is provided with a plurality of reinforcing bar positioning holes 110 for positioning the connecting reinforcing bars, and the positioner 10 can open the reinforcing bar positioning holes 110 according to the distance and diameter of the connecting reinforcing bars to the prefabricated component according to actual working conditions. The fixing assembly 20 includes a fixing frame 210 and a connecting unit 220, the fixing frame 210 forms a positioning groove 212 for supporting the positioner 10, the positioner 10 is accommodated in the positioning groove 212 and movably disposed along a guide surface 214 formed in a length direction of the positioning groove 212, and when the positioner 10 is at a predetermined position, the positioner 10 is fixedly connected to the fixing frame 210 through the connecting unit 220.
In the production process of the prefabricated parts, the fixing frames 210 of the fixing assemblies 20 are fixed to the formworks for molding the prefabricated parts before concrete is poured, and is installed at the end of the form corresponding to the end of the connecting bar to be extended, the parts of the connecting bar to be extended of the prefabricated parts are passed through the bar positioning holes 110 one by one, the positioner 10 is accommodated in the positioning groove 212 of the fixing frame 210, the prefabricated parts connecting bar is driven to move to the preset position along the guide surface 214, the fixing connection of the fixture 10 to the fixing frame 210 is achieved by the connection unit 220, and then realize location and protection to prefabricated component connecting reinforcement, and the setting of reinforcing bar locating hole 110 can guarantee that the interval of each prefabricated component connecting reinforcement realizes accurate location, and the adjustable interval that then can guarantee each prefabricated component connecting reinforcement of position ware 10 realizes accurate regulation.
After the concrete is poured and vibrated, the formwork and the fixed frame 210 are dismantled, the prefabricated part to be maintained is transported to the site together with the positioning device after meeting the transportation strength, the positioning device is integrally removed before hoisting, and the positioning device can be transported back to a component factory and used repeatedly. So, in production and transportation, positioner can effectively avoid prefabricated component connecting reinforcement skew or crooked take place for the relative position in the production transportation to prefabricated component connecting reinforcement and whole fixed protection, and the on-the-spot construction degree of difficulty of greatly reduced improves site operation quality and efficiency.
In a preferred embodiment, the front surface of the fixing frame 210 is provided with a graduation mark 216, and the positioner 10 is provided with a graduation positioning line 120 corresponding to the graduation mark 216. Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the front surface of the fixing frame 210, i.e., the surface of the fixing frame 210 away from the mold plate, may also be understood as corresponding to the side where the guide surface 214 is formed. The positioner 10 freely and movably adjusts the position along the guide surface 214 according to the preset position of the connecting steel bar of the prefabricated part, and uses the relative position relation change of the scale and the scale positioning line 120 to visually realize the accurate positioning of the connecting steel bar of the prefabricated part.
In a preferred embodiment, the center of the reinforcement positioning hole 110 is aligned with the graduation mark 216, and the perpendicular line is aligned with the graduation positioning line 120. Therefore, the circle center of the steel bar positioning hole 110 is used as a reference, and the straight line perpendicular to the scale mark 216 is defined as the scale positioning line 120, so that the scale positioning line 120 can represent the position of the steel bar positioning hole 110, the fixed position of the positioner 10 can be found quickly according to the preset position requirements such as the distance between the prefabricated part and the steel bar, and the like, and the operation is simple, convenient and accurate.
In a preferred embodiment, the front projection of the fixed frame 210 is square, and the scale marks 216 are formed on the long side of the front surface of the fixed frame 210. So, set up fixed frame 210 into squarely, match with the appearance of prefabricated component and the template of shaping prefabricated component, the preparation is simple and convenient, and scale mark 216 forms in fixed frame 210's the long limit department in front, and spigot surface 214 is located fixed frame 210's the long limit in front, and locator 10 uses scale mark 216 as the reference, along fixed frame 210's long limit round trip movement, and then realizes the purpose to the accurate location of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement.
In a preferred embodiment, the boundary position between the short side and the long side of the fixing frame 210 is set to 0 scale, and the division value is 1 mm. In this way, the positioning accuracy of the prefabricated member connecting steel bar is further improved by taking the corner of the fixed frame 210 as the starting point of the scale mark 216 and taking 1mm as the lowest measurement unit.
In a preferred embodiment, the fixing frame 210 includes a fixing frame body and a guiding frame 213 embedded in the fixing frame body, the guiding frame 213 is at least partially attached to an inner wall of the fixing frame body, a guiding surface 214 is formed on a side wall of the fixing frame body and an upper surface of the guiding frame 213, and the positioner 10 is formed with a protrusion 130 overlapping the guiding surface 214. Thus, the fixed frame body is embedded with the guide frame 213, the height of the guide frame 213 is smaller than that of the fixed frame 210, and then the front surface of the fixed frame body and the upper surface of the guide frame 213 form a height difference, namely the guide surface 214, and the positioner 10 forms the convex part 130 with a matching shape corresponding to the guide surface 214, so that the positioner 10 can slide along the guide surface 214 through the convex part 130, and the position of the positioner 10 can be adjusted.
Specifically, the fixing frame body and the guide frame 213 are both arranged in a hollow manner, the inner wall of the fixing frame body is attached to the outer wall of the guide frame 213 to form a firm fixing system, the inner wall of the fixing frame body and the inner wall of a template for forming the prefabricated part are on the same plane, and the length and the width of the inner size of the fixing frame body are respectively matched with the length and the width of the outer size of the prefabricated part, so that the fixing frame body and the guide frame 213 are accurately positioned, and the position is relatively unchanged in the transportation process. Preferably, the inner wall of the fixing frame body may be opened with a positioning groove, and the guiding frame 213 is inserted into the corresponding positioning groove in an aligned manner, so that the inner wall of the fixing frame body is firmly embedded with the outer wall of the guiding frame 213. Preferably, if the height of the guide surface 214 formed between the fixing frame body and the guide frame 213 is too short, the positioner 10 cannot be placed stably, and if the height of the guide surface 214 formed between the fixing frame body and the guide frame 213 is too long, the positioner 10 is placed too deeply, the friction is too large, and the operation is laborious, and therefore, the height of the guide surface 214 formed between the fixing frame body and the guide frame 213 may be reasonably set to be 5-30mm, and further, the height of the guide surface 214 formed between the fixing frame body and the guide frame 213 may be reasonably set to be 20mm in order to facilitate the positioner 10 to be placed and slide. Preferably, in order to facilitate reuse and reduce manufacturing difficulty, the fixed frame body may be a steel frame, and the guide frame 213 may be a wood frame.
In a preferred embodiment, the upper surface of the positioner 10 is flush with the front surface of the fixed frame body, and the lower surface of the positioner 10 is flush with the lower surface of the guide frame 213. Referring to fig. 1, the upper surface of the positioner 10, that is, the surface provided with the scale positioning lines 120, is on the same plane as the front surface of the fixed frame body, the convex portion 130 of the positioner 10 is set up on the upper surface of the guide frame 213, the lower surface of the positioner 10 is on the same plane as the lower surface of the guide surface 214, the positioner 10 can freely slide along the guide surface 214 in the length direction of the fixed frame body, the positioner 10 is accurately positioned through the scale positioning lines 120 on the positioner 10 and the scale lines 216 on the front surface of the fixed frame body, and the connection unit 220 is used to fix the positioner 10 to the fixed assembly 20 after the positioner is positioned. Specifically, 2 locators 10 may be provided, and in other embodiments, the number of the locators 10 may be selected according to the arrangement requirement of the prefabricated member connecting steel bars.
As a preferred embodiment, the connection unit 220 includes an adjustment hole 222 disposed on a side surface of the fixing frame 210, a connection hole disposed on the positioner 10, and a connection member 226, and when the positioner 10 is located at the preset position, the connection member 226 sequentially passes through the corresponding adjustment hole 222 and the connection hole, so as to fixedly connect the positioner 10 and the fixing frame 210, thereby effectively preventing the positioner 10 from loosening relative to the fixing assembly 20 during production and transportation, and ensuring construction quality. Preferably, in order to further improve the fixing of the positioner 10 firmly and reliably, at least one row of adjusting holes 222 are formed in both opposite side surfaces of the fixing frame 210, at least one connecting hole is also formed in a position, corresponding to the adjusting hole 222, of each opposite side surface of the positioner 10, at least one connecting hole is correspondingly formed in each connecting hole on the positioner 10, threads are formed inside each connecting hole, the connecting piece 226 can be a bolt, and the positioner 10 to be detected is inserted into each connecting hole of the positioner 10 to be firmly fixed after sliding to a preset position in the fixing frame 210 through the bolt after penetrating into the adjusting hole 222.
In a preferred embodiment, a rubber sleeve 140 for fixing the protruding portion of the prefabricated member connecting reinforcement is provided on the front surface of the positioner 10 corresponding to the reinforcement positioning hole 110. After the prefabricated part connecting steel bars pass through the steel bar positioning holes 110 of the positioner 10, the extending parts are fixed by the rubber sleeves 140, so that the relative accuracy of the horizontal height of the prefabricated part connecting steel bars is effectively ensured. Specifically, the inner diameter of the rubber sleeve 140 is smaller than the diameter of the connecting steel bar of the prefabricated part, the position of the rubber sleeve 140 in the using process is kept unchanged through elastic gripping force, and the relative position of the positioning device and the prefabricated part in the manufacturing and transporting processes is kept unchanged.
In a preferred embodiment, the fixing frame 210 has fixing holes 218 formed on a rear surface thereof for aligning and connecting with a mold plate of a prefabricated member to be molded. The concrete accessible bolt is firmly fixed in the template that prefabricated component production shaping was used.
Above-mentioned positioner of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement, in the prefabricated component production process, place the fixed frame body in the template top that is used for the shaping prefabricated component before concreting, firmly fix through connecting fixed orifices 218, the inner wall of fixed frame body and template inner wall are on the same plane. The prefabricated part connecting steel bars are completely penetrated through the corresponding steel bar positioning holes 110, the positioner 10 is placed in the positioning groove 212 formed by the fixed frame body and the guide frame 213, and the rubber sleeve 140 is firmly sleeved on the extending parts of the prefabricated part connecting steel bars and sleeved on the upper surface of the positioner 10. The prefabricated part connecting steel bar is accurately positioned through the scale marks 216 and the scale positioning lines 120 according to the design requirement, and the connecting piece 226 passes through the adjusting hole 222 on the side surface of the fixing frame 210 and then penetrates through the connecting hole of the positioner 10, so that the fixing assembly 20 and the positioner 10 are firmly fixed. Pouring concrete to the lower surface of the guide frame 213, after the concrete is demoulded, detaching and connecting the template for forming the prefabricated part and the fixed frame 210, removing the template, fixedly connecting the embedded part of the prefabricated part and the fixed hole 218, maintaining, transporting the prefabricated part and the positioning device to a construction site together when the prefabricated part reaches the transportation strength, and removing the fixed connection at the connecting hole and the rubber sleeve 140 before hoisting the prefabricated part, and integrally removing the positioning device so as to be transported back to a component factory and reused.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A positioner of prefabricated component coupling reinforcing bar, its characterized in that includes:
the positioning device is provided with a plurality of steel bar positioning holes for positioning and connecting steel bars;
the fixing assembly comprises a fixing frame and a connecting unit, a positioning groove used for supporting the positioner is formed in the fixing frame, the positioner is contained in the positioning groove and movably arranged along a guide surface formed in the length direction of the positioning groove, and when the positioner is located at a preset position, the positioner is fixedly connected with the fixing frame through the connecting unit.
2. The positioning device for the prefabricated member connecting steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the front surface of the fixing frame is provided with graduation lines, and the positioner is provided with graduation positioning lines corresponding to the graduation lines.
3. The apparatus for positioning reinforcing bars connected to prefabricated parts according to claim 2, wherein the center of the reinforcing bar positioning hole is aligned with the graduation mark by a perpendicular line formed toward the graduation mark.
4. The apparatus for positioning prefabricated unit connecting reinforcement according to claim 2, wherein the fixing frame has a square orthographic projection, and the graduation marks are formed at the long sides of the front surface of the fixing frame.
5. The apparatus for positioning prefabricated units connecting reinforcement bars according to claim 4, wherein the boundary position of the short side and the long side of the fixed frame is set to 0 scale, and the division value is 1 mm.
6. The positioning device for the prefabricated part connecting steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the fixing frame comprises a fixing frame body and a guide frame embedded in the fixing frame body, the guide frame is at least partially attached to the inner wall of the fixing frame body, a guide surface is formed between the side wall of the fixing frame body and the upper surface of the guide frame, and the positioner is provided with a convex portion which is overlapped on the guide surface.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein an upper surface of the locator is flush with a front surface of the fixing frame body, and a lower surface of the locator is flush with a lower surface of the guide frame.
8. The positioning apparatus for connecting reinforcing bars to prefabricated parts according to claim 1, wherein the connecting unit comprises an adjusting hole formed in a side surface of the fixing frame, a connecting hole formed in the positioner, and a connecting member, and the connecting member sequentially passes through the adjusting hole and the connecting hole when the positioner is at the predetermined position, so as to fixedly connect the positioner to the fixing frame.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rubber sleeve for fixing the protruding part of the connecting bar of the prefabricated part is provided on the front surface of the locator corresponding to the bar-locating hole.
10. The positioning device for the connecting reinforcement of the prefabricated part according to claim 1, wherein the back of the fixing frame is provided with fixing holes for aligning and connecting with the template of the prefabricated part.
CN202210756680.4A 2022-06-29 2022-06-29 Positioner of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement Pending CN115026940A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210756680.4A CN115026940A (en) 2022-06-29 2022-06-29 Positioner of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement
PCT/CN2023/087300 WO2024001407A1 (en) 2022-06-29 2023-04-10 Positioning apparatus for prefabricated component connection rebar

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210756680.4A CN115026940A (en) 2022-06-29 2022-06-29 Positioner of prefabricated component connecting reinforcement

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