CN115026239B - Casting reclaimed sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Casting reclaimed sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115026239B CN115026239B CN202210677736.7A CN202210677736A CN115026239B CN 115026239 B CN115026239 B CN 115026239B CN 202210677736 A CN202210677736 A CN 202210677736A CN 115026239 B CN115026239 B CN 115026239B
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 178
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 38
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
- B22C1/04—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives for protection of the casting, e.g. against decarbonisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/02—Dressing by centrifuging essentially or additionally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
- B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/06—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sieving or magnetic separating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/10—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by dust separating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides reclaimed sand for casting, which is used for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, and is prepared by using old casting sand as a main raw material to carry out the reclaiming treatment, the obtained reclaimed sand can completely replace new sand to be used, the cost is lower than that of the new sand, and the problem of continuous external pollution discharge and pollution discharge of solid waste of the old sand is solved, so that the double-harvest economic benefit and environmental benefit are realized. The regenerated sand also uses positive and negative current collectors of the old battery as auxiliary raw materials, and can be used as a regenerated sand additive after being added after granulation through simple extraction and physical crushing, thereby being a novel positive and negative material recycling mode of the waste lithium ion battery. The invention also provides a preparation method of the reclaimed sand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recovery, in particular to reclaimed sand for casting, which can prevent sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, and a preparation method of the reclaimed sand.
Background
In recent years, the automobile industry rapidly develops, and especially the market ratio of new energy automobiles is greatly increased, and the range-extended electric automobile becomes a new development direction in consideration of the mileage anxiety of users, and has the dual advantages of clean energy and ultra-long endurance. Under the development trend of the extended range electric vehicle, the production quantity of the automobile battery and the fuel engine is steadily increased, a sand core casting process is generally used for a motor shell and an engine cylinder cover of the battery, a precoated sand process, a cold core box process, an inorganic binder process and the like can be selected according to the requirements of manufacturers, and the produced casting waste sand is up to millions of tons each year, so that the production enterprises of automobile parts such as the motor shell and the engine face huge environmental protection pressure. In addition, china is faced with the problem of solving a large number of retired batteries, and if the batteries are not treated or are not treated well, the batteries can cause resource waste, pollute the environment and even have potential safety hazards. At present, related researches on the regeneration of used foundry sand and the reuse of waste batteries are carried out, but no report on the combined regeneration mode of the two is yet provided, and the recycling of resources must be greatly developed, so that the technical thought of the recycling of resources is developed, and especially, the development of various waste combined reuse technologies is of great significance to environmental protection.
The existing used sand regeneration technology mainly takes used sand as a raw material, and regenerates the used sand through a physical or chemical regeneration process to obtain regenerated sand. Patent CN2020102458293 discloses a method for preparing reclaimed sand by using used sodium silicate sand, which is characterized in that the used sodium silicate sand is immersed in the surface modifying liquid for a certain time, so that the surface modifying liquid reacts with sodium silicate on the surface of the used sodium silicate sand to generate silica gel, the silica gel is covered on the surface of the used sodium silicate sand to form a stable silicone rubber film on the surface of the used sodium silicate sand after natural aging, and the reclaimed sand with the surface covered with the silicone rubber film is formed after low-temperature drying.
Patent CN2020106440123 discloses a reclaimed sand, wherein in the first step, water glass and acidified starch are stirred and heated according to the formula amount, and the mixture A is obtained by uniformly mixing; adding silicic acid into the mixture A according to the formula amount, stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B; and thirdly, adding silicate and carbon dioxide into the mixture B according to the formula amount, stirring and heating, and uniformly mixing to obtain the water glass reclaimed sand.
Both patents convert the old sand into the reclaimed sand through surface chemical modification, and the method can only replace the reclaimed sand as sodium silicate sand in theory, does not consider possible defects of the reclaimed sand, does not compare with the advantages of the new sand, and has strong limitation.
Patent CN202011539376 discloses a method for regenerating graphite cathode material of waste lithium ion battery, adding the waste lithium ion battery cathode material into acid solution, mixing thoroughly, then separating solid and liquid to obtain waste graphite powder and lithium-rich solution, mixing additive in the waste graphite powder, and ball milling to obtain the regenerated graphite cathode material doped with groups contained in the additive.
Patent CN2021107885608 discloses a method for recycling and regenerating waste lithium iron phosphate battery anode materials, which uses an organic solvent to strip a current collector of waste lithium iron phosphate anode plates or leftover materials from an active material to obtain lithium iron phosphate powder; adding the obtained lithium iron phosphate powder into a mixed solution of a leaching agent and hydrogen peroxide for liquid phase leaching, and filtering to obtain a filtrate containing lithium and iron phosphate filter residues; removing impurities from the lithium-containing filtrate, evaporating and concentrating, and then adding sodium carbonate solution to precipitate lithium element in the form of lithium carbonate to obtain battery grade lithium carbonate; and reversely washing the iron phosphate filter residues by using hydrochloric acid, and drying and crushing to obtain the battery grade iron phosphate. And then the battery grade lithium carbonate and the battery grade ferric phosphate are used as raw materials to prepare the lithium iron phosphate anode material.
The recovery method of the waste batteries provided by the patent is complicated, multiple decomposition and purification are needed, industrial production is not facilitated, and the regeneration cost is far higher than the value of the regenerated materials according to statistics. Therefore, it is important to develop a method for recycling waste battery materials, which can be operated at low cost.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide reclaimed sand for casting which is used for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings and which uses used casting sand as a main raw material and waste batteries as an auxiliary raw material.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the above-mentioned reclaimed sand.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to reclaimed sand for casting, which is used for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of casting used sand, 0.2-2.0 parts of waste battery graphite powder, 1 part of waste battery current collector, 1 part of chromite powder, 0.5 part of used sand regeneration and collection sludge and 0.5 part of water glass.
The waste battery is a lithium ion battery, and the current collector comprises a positive current collector and a negative current collector which are respectively made of aluminum foil and copper foil. The current collector with the surface coating layer removed or the positive and negative pole pieces with the coating layer can be used in the invention, and trace conductive agents and binders in the coating layer do not influence the performance of reclaimed sand.
In one embodiment of the invention, the spent battery graphite powder is obtained by the following method: crushing the lithium ion battery negative electrode plate, sieving, and preferably sieving with a 12-mesh sieve to obtain the pretreated lithium ion battery negative electrode material. Placing the graphite powder into oxalic acid solution with the pH value of 1.2-1.6, soaking for 40min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the graphite powder coarse material. Grinding and finely crushing the coarse graphite powder, preferably sieving with a 270-mesh sieve, and controlling the particle size to be less than 53 mu m to obtain fine graphite powder.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the reclaimed sand, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing and sieving the casting used sand in sequence;
preferably, the used casting sand is 100 parts by weight, and the mesh number of the sieve is 6-12 meshes.
The used casting sand discharged from the motor shell and the engine cylinder cover can be one or any combination of inorganic adhesive used sand, phenolic resin used sand and cold core box resin used sand. Wherein the surface coating layers of the used sand of the hot core box and the used sand of the cold core box mainly contain phenol-based resin, polyisocyanate and liquid amine catalyst; the inorganic binder used sand surface coating layer mainly contains silicate. The surface coating must be removed during the reclamation process or else the performance of the reclaimed sand is affected.
(2) Adding waste battery graphite powder into the sieved used sand, and then roasting;
preferably, the waste battery graphite powder is 0.2-2.0 parts by weight, the roasting temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-6 hours. According to the invention, the combustible organic matters and the embrittled part inorganic matters on the surface of the used sand are removed through primary roasting, and the waste battery graphite powder is added in the roasting process, so that the silicate on the surface of the used sand can be prevented from vitrification in the roasting process, and the pipeline in the roasting furnace is prevented from being blocked.
(3) Stirring, washing, centrifugally dewatering and microwave drying the roasted used sand in sequence to obtain dried used sand;
preferably, in the stirring and washing process, the rotating speed of the stirring rotor is 120-360 r/min, and the washing time is 3-20 min. Embrittled inorganic matters and soluble inorganic salts on the surface of the used sand are removed by stirring and water washing.
In the centrifugal dehydration process, the rotating speed of the centrifugal roller is 600-1800 r/min, the dehydration time is 3-10 min, and the water content of the dehydrated used sand is required to be less than or equal to 3%. Inorganic matters and soluble inorganic salts which fall off from the surface of used sand are rapidly stripped through centrifugal dehydration, so that the conductivity is reduced to the greatest extent.
In the microwave drying process, the microwave frequency is 2-20 MHz, the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-30 min. The used sand surface moisture can be removed uniformly inside and outside through microwave drying.
Preferably, negative pressure purification is carried out in the roasting, centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying processes, and a negative pressure dust remover is used, wherein the operation pressure is 500-2000 MPa. Ash and water vapor generated in the process are timely pumped away through negative pressure purification, and poor regeneration effect caused by aggregation of stripping substances is prevented.
(4) Crushing waste battery current collectors and leftovers to obtain metal powder, adding ferrochrome ore powder, the sludge collected by centrifugal dehydration in the step (3) and water glass into the metal powder to carry out disc granulation, curing the obtained particles, and crushing to obtain the high-temperature-resistant additive;
preferably, the particle size of the metal powder is less than or equal to 140 meshes. The waste battery current collector is made of metal copper and aluminum, so that the yield of the additive can be improved, and the casting vein defect can be prevented. In addition, the ferrochrome ore powder has good heat conductivity, can strengthen the effect of the additive, achieves the chilling effect, and ensures that the surface quality of the casting is excellent. If chromite powder is added alone, the additive has poor yield.
Preferably, 1 part by weight of metal powder is taken during mixing, 1 part by weight of chromite powder, 0.5 part by weight of sludge collected in the centrifugal dehydration of the step (3) and 0.5 part by weight of sodium silicate with the modulus of 2.0-3.0 are added for disc granulation, the rotating speed of the disc is 100-270 r/min, the inclination angle of the disc and the ground is 30-75 degrees, and the particle size of the obtained particles is 6-20 meshes.
Preferably, the curing temperature is 100-200 ℃, the curing time is 60-300 min, and the particle size of the high-temperature resistant additive is 50-100 meshes.
(5) And (3) simultaneously adding the high-temperature-resistant additive prepared in the step (4) and the dried old sand obtained in the step (3) into a sand mixer, and uniformly mixing through mechanical stirring to obtain the finished product reclaimed sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings.
Preferably, the stirring speed is 300-720 r/min, and the mixing time is 20-60 s.
The particle size of the high-temperature resistant additive is close to that of the reclaimed sand, and after the high-temperature resistant additive is uniformly mixed with the reclaimed sand through mechanical stirring, the additive is dispersed and distributed among the reclaimed sand, so that the effects of heat conduction and exhaust are achieved. Specifically, the additive has excellent high temperature resistance and heat conduction performance, so that the cooling speed of the casting can be increased in the casting process, and sand sticking is effectively prevented; in addition, as the additive has the characteristic of polygon, the dispersed grid gaps can be established in the sand core, which is very beneficial to the escape of gas in the casting process and effectively prevents the air hole defect.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides reclaimed sand for casting, which is used for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, and is prepared by using old casting sand as a main raw material to carry out the reclaiming treatment, the obtained reclaimed sand can completely replace new sand to be used, the cost is lower than that of the new sand, and the problem of continuous external pollution discharge and pollution discharge of solid waste of the old sand is solved, so that the double-harvest economic benefit and environmental benefit are realized. The regenerated sand also uses positive and negative current collectors of the old battery as auxiliary raw materials, and can be used as a regenerated sand additive after being added after granulation through simple extraction and physical crushing, thereby being a novel positive and negative material recycling mode of the waste lithium ion battery.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the reclaimed sand, which has the following advantages:
1) The waste battery graphite powder is added in the roasting process to prevent the silicate on the surface of the used sand from vitrification in the roasting process and prevent the blockage in the roasting furnace.
2) After the roasting is finished, the embrittled inorganic matters and soluble inorganic salts on the surface of the used sand are removed by stirring and washing.
3) Inorganic matters and soluble inorganic salts which are peeled off from the surface of used sand are quickly removed through centrifugal dehydration, so that the conductivity is reduced to the greatest extent.
4) The used sand surface moisture can be uniformly removed from the inside and outside through microwave drying.
5) The ash and water vapor generated by the process of roasting, centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying are timely pumped away by negative pressure purification, so that poor regeneration effect caused by aggregation of stripping substances is prevented.
6) Mechanically crushing the waste battery current collector and leftover materials, adding chromite powder and dehydrated sludge, and performing disc granulation and crushing to obtain the high-temperature-resistant additive with excellent high-temperature resistance and heat conduction performance. The mechanical stirring and the regenerated sand are uniformly mixed, and the additive has excellent high temperature resistance and heat conduction performance, so that the cooling speed of the casting is increased in the casting process, and sand sticking is effectively prevented; in addition, as the additive has the characteristic of polygon, the dispersed grid gaps can be established in the sand core, which is very beneficial to the escape of gas in the casting process and effectively prevents the air hole defect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the regenerated sand for casting of the present invention for preventing sand sticking and blow hole defects in castings.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of the sand of comparative example 1 after firing.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the finished reclaimed sand of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, based on the examples herein, which are within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims, will be within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Example 1
The preparation method of the reclaimed sand for casting for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings comprises the following steps:
1. taking 100 parts of used casting sand, placing the used casting sand into a stirring crusher for coarse crushing for 120s, and sieving the used casting sand with a 12-mesh screen.
2. And (3) putting the crushed used sand into a roasting furnace, adding 1.0 part of waste battery graphite powder, mixing, and roasting at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the roasted used sand.
3. And (3) pouring the roasted used sand in the step (2) into a sand washer, stirring and washing, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring rotor is 360r/min, and the time is 10min.
4. And (3) putting the wet sand in the step (3) into a centrifugal roller for centrifugal dehydration, wherein the rotating speed is 720r/min, the dehydration time is 5min, and the water content of the dehydrated used sand is 2.6%.
5. And (3) delivering the dehydrated used sand in the step (4) into a microwave drying oven, carrying out microwave drying, controlling the temperature to 180 ℃ and the drying time to 12min, and obtaining the dried used sand.
Negative pressure purification is carried out in the roasting, centrifugal dewatering and microwave drying processes, and a negative pressure dust remover is used, wherein the operation pressure is 600MPa.
6. And (3) putting the positive and negative pole pieces of the waste batteries and the leftover materials into a pulverizer, and pulverizing to obtain metal powder with the particle size less than or equal to 140 meshes. 1 part of the metal powder is taken, 1 part of ferrochrome ore powder is added, 0.5 part of dehydrated collection sludge is added, 0.5 part of water glass with the modulus of 3.0 is added for disc granulation, the rotation speed of the disc is 180r/min, the inclination angle of the disc and the ground is 60 degrees, and during the granulation, the screen is used for extracting artificial particles with the particle size of 6-20 meshes. And (3) feeding the particles into an oven for curing, wherein the temperature of the oven is 180 ℃, the curing time is 80min, and after the curing is finished, carrying out manual crushing, and extracting 50-100-mesh irregular polygonal particles to obtain the high-temperature-resistant additive.
7. And (3) simultaneously adding the additive obtained in the step (6) and the dried old sand obtained in the step (5) into a sand mixer, uniformly mixing by mechanical stirring at a stirring speed of 360r/min for 20s to obtain the finished product reclaimed sand capable of preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, and packaging and warehousing.
Example 2
A preparation method of reclaimed sand for casting for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings comprises the following steps:
1. taking 100 parts of used casting sand, placing the used casting sand into a stirring crusher for coarse crushing for 180 seconds, and sieving the used casting sand with a 12-mesh screen.
2. And (3) putting crushed used sand into a roasting furnace, adding 0.5 part of waste battery graphite powder, mixing, and roasting at the temperature of 650 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain roasted used sand.
3. And (3) pouring the roasted used sand in the step (2) into a sand washer, stirring and washing, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring rotor is 120r/min, and the time is 5min.
4. And (3) putting the wet sand in the step (3) into a centrifugal roller for centrifugal dehydration, wherein the rotating speed is 600r/min, the dehydration time is 3min, and the water content of the dehydrated used sand is required to be 2.7%.
5. And (3) delivering the dehydrated used sand in the step (4) into a microwave drying oven, carrying out microwave drying, controlling the temperature to 120 ℃ and the drying time to 10min, and obtaining the dried used sand.
Negative pressure purification is carried out in the roasting, centrifugal dewatering and microwave drying processes, and a negative pressure dust remover is used, and the operating pressure is 1000MPa.
6. Putting the anode and cathode current collectors and leftover materials of the waste batteries into a pulverizer, and pulverizing to a particle size of less than or equal to 140 meshes to obtain metal powder; 1 part of the metal powder is taken, 1 part of chromite powder is added, 0.5 part of dehydrated collection sludge is added, 0.5 part of water glass with the modulus of 3.0 is added for disc granulation, the rotation speed of the disc is 150r/min, the inclination angle of the disc and the ground is 45 degrees, during the granulation, artificial particles with the particle size of 6-20 meshes are extracted by using a screen, the particles are sent into an oven for curing, the temperature of the oven is 150 ℃, the curing time is 300min, artificial crushing is carried out after the curing is finished, and 50-100 meshes of irregular polygonal particles are extracted. Obtaining the high temperature resistant additive.
7. And (3) simultaneously adding the additive obtained in the step (6) and the dried old sand obtained in the step (5) into a sand mixer, mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing at a stirring speed of 270r/min for 40s to obtain the finished product reclaimed sand capable of preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, and packaging and warehousing.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: in the step 2, the calcination was directly performed without adding graphite powder, and other embodiments and conditions were the same as in the present invention example 1.
Comparative example 2: in the step 4, a standing water control device is adopted to replace centrifugal dehydration in the embodiment 1, and other implementation modes and conditions are the same as the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 3: step 5 is a conventional oven drying process, instead of microwave drying as in example 1, other embodiments and conditions are the same as in example 1 of the present invention.
Comparative example 4: the negative pressure purge in steps 2, 4 and 5 was removed, and the other embodiments and conditions were the same as in inventive example 1.
Comparative example 5: in step 6, no metal powder was added, and other embodiments and conditions were the same as in example 1 of the present invention.
Comparative example 6: the high temperature resistant additive of step 6 was not added in step 7, and other embodiments and conditions were the same as in inventive example 1.
Comparative example 7: the new sand is produced in the area of inner Mongolia Liao.
The reclaimed sand obtained in the above examples and comparative examples was subjected to physical and chemical property test, and the test results are shown in Table 1. The test method of partial parameters is as follows:
high temperature resistant time: and (3) performing resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the resin addition amount is 2.0%, and preserving the heat of the prepared coated sand in a mould at 230 ℃ for 120s to prepare a cylindrical test block with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 40 mm. And (3) carrying out vertical constant temperature and constant pressure loading on the test block, wherein the constant temperature and constant pressure loading temperature is 1000 ℃, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the time required by crushing is recorded.
High temperature pressure resistance: and (3) performing resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the resin addition amount is 2.0%, and preserving the heat of the prepared coated sand in a mould at 230 ℃ for 120s to prepare a cylindrical test block with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 40 mm. And carrying out vertical constant temperature and pressure loading on the test block, wherein the temperature of constant temperature and pressure loading is 1000 ℃, the pressure is increased from 0MPa at a rate of 0.01MPa/min, and the pressure reached by crushing is recorded.
Thermal conductivity: and (3) performing resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the resin addition amount is 2.0%, and performing heat preservation on the prepared coated sand in a mould at 230 ℃ for 120 seconds to prepare an 8-shaped test block, wherein the size of the test block is referred to a standard JB/T8583-2008. Putting the splayed test block into a 300 ℃ heat preservation furnace for 30s, taking out, putting into a cooling box for air cooling, and testing the surface temperature T of the splayed block after 2min 2 Thermal conductivity of
Air permeability: and (3) performing resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the resin addition amount is 2.0%, and preparing a standard 8-shaped test block from the coated sand for later use. The air permeability test was performed using a sand air permeability tester, reference standard GB/T2684-2009.
Tensile strength: and (3) performing resin coating on the regenerated sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the resin addition amount is 2.0%, and performing tensile strength test on the prepared coated sand with reference to the standard JB/T8583-2008.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical properties of reclaimed sand
| Detecting items | High temperature pressure (MPa) | High temperature resistant time(s) | Thermal conductivity of | Air permeability | Tensile strength (MPa) |
| Example 1 | 1.0 | 143 | 0.73 | 149 | 3.2 |
| Example 2 | 1.1 | 155 | 0.68 | 150 | 2.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.5 | 60 | 0.67 | 148 | 1.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.7 | 90 | 0.66 | 141 | 2.0 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.6 | 66 | 0.67 | 145 | 1.8 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.9 | 132 | 0.61 | 136 | 2.6 |
| Comparative example 6 | 0.4 | 54 | 0.33 | 99 | 1.8 |
| New sand | 0.9 | 120 | 0.35 | 100 | 3.0 |
The regenerated sand obtained in the examples and the comparative examples is used for replacing new sand, and is used for preparing cast aluminum motor shells by a triethylamine cold core box process and an inorganic binder process, wherein the casting temperature is 710+/-20 ℃, 500 pieces are cast respectively, the reject ratio of castings is counted, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 casting reject ratio statistics
| Poor class of castings | Sand sticking ratio | Ratio of air holes |
| Example 1 | 0.6％ | 0.8％ |
| Example 2 | 0.7％ | 0.7％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 30.2％ | 9.6％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 30.1％ | 14.0％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 20.7％ | 20.4％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 23.9％ | 9.5％ |
| Comparative example 6 | 41.3％ | 32.5％ |
| New sand | 3.1％ | 4.2％ |
The performance analysis of the reclaimed sand obtained for the examples and comparative examples is as follows, in combination with tables 1 and 2:
comparative example 1 and comparative example 1, in which no graphite powder was added, sodium silicate contained on the surface of used sand was very likely to be vitrified during the firing process, causing severe caking of used sand in the furnace, and clogging of the furnace body, as shown in fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a photograph of the finished reclaimed sand of example 1, wherein the white block is reclaimed sand and the black block is a high temperature resistant additive, and the shape and volume of the reclaimed sand are relatively close.
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 used a static water control device, and impurities remained on the surface of used sand, severely affecting the performance of reclaimed sand. The high-temperature pressure resistance can only reach 60% of the new sand, the high-temperature time resistance can only reach 50% of the new sand, the tensile strength can only reach 50% of the new sand, and the defective rate of sand sticking of castings is as high as 30%.
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 3 used ordinary drying instead of microwave drying, and since the ordinary drying temperature was from the surface to the inside, ions were accumulated with moisture, resulting in unstable performance of the reclaimed sand. The tensile strength value is unstable, and part of test values can only reach 60% of new sand, and the sand sticking reject ratio of castings is as high as 30%.
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 4, comparative example 4 was not subjected to negative pressure purification, and impurities such as sludge, dust, etc. during the regeneration process were extremely likely to gather on the surface of the regenerated sand, and were difficult to remove. The high-temperature pressure resistance can only reach 70% of the new sand, the high-temperature time resistance can only reach 55% of the new sand, the tensile strength can only reach 60% of the new sand, the poor rate of the sand sticking of the casting is up to 20%, and the poor rate of the air holes of the casting is up to 20%.
Comparative example 1 and comparative example 5, comparative example 5 was not added with metal powder, and the high temperature resistant auxiliary agent prepared from chromite alone was poor in yield, and easily caused the pulse defect, which was generalized to the sand sticking defect. The sand-sticking reject ratio of the castings is up to 35%.
In comparative example 1 and comparative example 6, no high temperature resistant additive is added in comparative example 6, the high temperature resistant pressure can only reach 50% of the new sand, the high temperature resistant time can only reach 45% of the new sand, the tensile strength can only reach 60% of the new sand, the poor sand sticking rate of the casting is up to 40%, and the poor air hole rate of the casting is up to 30%.
In comparison between the example 1 and the comparative example 7, the physical and chemical properties of the reclaimed sand obtained by the invention can be close to or even exceed those of the new sand, especially the heat conductivity coefficient is 2 times that of the new sand, the air permeability is 1.5 times that of the new sand, and the sand sticking reject ratio of the casting and the air hole reject ratio of the casting are reduced to about 20% of that of the new sand.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing reclaimed sand for casting, which is used for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Crushing and sieving the casting used sand in sequence;
(2) Adding waste battery graphite powder into the sieved used sand, and then roasting;
(3) Stirring, washing, centrifugally dewatering and microwave drying the roasted used sand in sequence to obtain dried used sand;
(4) Crushing waste battery current collectors and leftovers to obtain metal powder, adding ferrochrome ore powder, the sludge collected by centrifugal dehydration in the step (3) and water glass into the metal powder to carry out disc granulation, curing the obtained particles, and crushing to obtain the high-temperature-resistant additive;
(5) Uniformly mixing the high-temperature-resistant additive prepared in the step (4) with the dried old sand obtained in the step (3) to obtain the finished product reclaimed sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings;
the regenerated sand for casting for preventing casting sand sticking and air hole defects comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of casting used sand, 0.2-2.0 parts of waste battery graphite powder, 1 part of waste battery current collector, 1 part of chromite powder, 0.5 part of used sand regeneration and collection sludge and 0.5 part of water glass.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the waste battery graphite powder is 0.2-2.0 parts by weight, the roasting temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-6 hours.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the stirring and washing process of the step (3), the rotation speed of the stirring rotor is 120-360 r/min, and the washing time is 3-20 min.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the centrifugal dehydration process of the step (3), the rotation speed of the centrifugal roller is 600-1800 r/min, the dehydration time is 3-10 min, and the water content of the dehydrated used sand is less than or equal to 3%.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the microwave drying process of step (3), the microwave frequency is 2-20 MHz, the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-30 min.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure purification is performed during the roasting in the step (2) and during the centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying in the step (3), and the operation pressure using the negative pressure dust remover is 500 to 2000MPa.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), 1 part by weight of the metal powder is taken, 1 part by weight of the chromite powder is added, 0.5 part by weight of the sludge collected by the centrifugal dehydration in the step (3) and 0.5 part by weight of the sodium silicate with a modulus of 2.0 to 3.0 are subjected to disc granulation, and the particle size of the obtained particles is 6 to 20 meshes.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the curing temperature is 100-200 ℃, the curing time is 60-300 min, and the particle size of the high temperature resistant additive is 50-100 mesh.
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