CN115026239A - Foundry reclaimed sand for preventing sand burning and air hole defects of castings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Foundry reclaimed sand for preventing sand burning and air hole defects of castings and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115026239A CN115026239A CN202210677736.7A CN202210677736A CN115026239A CN 115026239 A CN115026239 A CN 115026239A CN 202210677736 A CN202210677736 A CN 202210677736A CN 115026239 A CN115026239 A CN 115026239A
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- sand
- reclaimed
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 178
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000019901 Anxiety disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036506 anxiety Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003110 molding sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
- B22C1/04—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives for protection of the casting, e.g. against decarbonisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/02—Dressing by centrifuging essentially or additionally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/04—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by grinding, blending, mixing, kneading, or stirring
- B22C5/0409—Blending, mixing, kneading or stirring; Methods therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/06—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sieving or magnetic separating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
- B22C5/10—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by dust separating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides reclaimed sand for casting, which prevents sand sticking and air hole defects of a casting, wherein old casting sand is taken as a main raw material to carry out regeneration treatment on the old casting sand, the obtained reclaimed sand can completely replace new sand to be used, the cost is lower than that of the new sand, and the problem of continuous discharge pollution caused by solid waste of the old sand is solved, so that the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are realized. The reclaimed sand also utilizes the anode and cathode current collectors of the old battery as auxiliary raw materials, can be used as a reclaimed sand additive through simple extraction and physical crushing, and is added after granulation, thereby being a new recycling mode of the anode and cathode materials of the old and old lithium ion battery. The invention also provides a preparation method of the reclaimed sand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recovery, in particular to reclaimed sand for casting, which can prevent sand sticking and air hole defects of a casting and a preparation method of the reclaimed sand.
Background
In recent years, the automobile industry is rapidly developed, particularly the market proportion of new energy automobiles is greatly increased, and the range-extended electric automobile becomes a new development direction in consideration of mileage anxiety of users, and has the dual advantages of clean energy and ultra-long endurance. Under the development trend of extended range electric vehicles, the production quantity of automobile batteries and fuel engines can be steadily increased, sand core casting processes are generally adopted for motor housings and engine cylinder covers of the batteries, a precoated sand process, a cold core box process, an inorganic binder process and the like can be selected according to the requirements of manufacturers, millions of tons of casting waste sand are produced every year, and manufacturers of automobile parts such as motor housings and engines face huge environmental protection pressure. In addition, China also faces to solve the problem of a large number of retired batteries, and if the batteries are not processed or are not processed well, resource waste, environmental pollution and even potential safety hazards are caused. At present, the regeneration of the used foundry sand and the recycling of the waste batteries are all researched relatively, but no report is made about the combined regeneration mode of the used foundry sand and the waste batteries, and the cyclic utilization of resources must be developed vigorously, so that the technical idea of resource regeneration and utilization is developed, and particularly, the development of the combined recycling technology of various wastes has great significance for environmental protection.
The conventional used sand regeneration technology mainly uses used sand as a raw material, and regenerates the used sand through a physical or chemical regeneration process to obtain regenerated sand. Patent CN 202010245834 discloses a method for preparing reclaimed sand from used sodium silicate sand, which comprises immersing used sodium silicate sand in a surface modifying solution for a certain time to allow the surface modifying solution to react with sodium silicate on the surface of the used sand to generate silica gel, covering the silica gel on the surface of the used sand, naturally aging to form a stable silicone rubber film on the surface of the used sand, and drying at low temperature to form reclaimed sand with a silicone rubber film on the surface.
Patent CN2020106440123 discloses a reclaimed sand, comprising the steps of, firstly, stirring and heating water glass and acidified starch according to a formula amount, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture A; secondly, adding silicic acid into the mixture A according to the formula amount, stirring, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture B; and thirdly, adding silicate and carbon dioxide into the mixture B according to the formula amount, stirring and heating, and uniformly mixing to obtain the water glass reclaimed sand.
Both of the above two patents convert used sand into reclaimed sand through surface chemical modification, and the method can only be used as sodium silicate sand theoretically, does not consider the possible defects of reclaimed sand, and does not compare the advantages with new sand, and the limitation is too strong.
Patent CN202011539376 discloses a method for regenerating waste lithium ion battery graphite cathode materials, which comprises adding waste lithium ion battery cathode materials into an acidic solution for sufficient mixing, then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain waste graphite powder and a lithium-rich solution, mixing additives into the waste graphite powder, and carrying out ball milling treatment to obtain the regenerated graphite cathode material doped with groups contained in the additives.
Patent CN2021107885608 discloses a method for recycling and regenerating a waste lithium iron phosphate battery positive electrode material, wherein a current collector of a waste lithium iron phosphate positive plate or a scrap is stripped from an active material by using an organic solvent to obtain lithium iron phosphate powder; adding a mixed solution of a leaching agent and hydrogen peroxide into the obtained lithium iron phosphate powder for liquid-phase leaching, and filtering to obtain a lithium-containing filtrate and iron phosphate filter residues; removing impurities from the lithium-containing filtrate, evaporating and concentrating the lithium-containing filtrate, and adding a sodium carbonate solution to precipitate lithium element in the form of lithium carbonate to obtain battery-grade lithium carbonate; and (3) reversely washing the iron phosphate filter residue by using hydrochloric acid, drying and crushing to obtain the battery-grade iron phosphate. And then preparing the lithium iron phosphate anode material by using the battery-grade lithium carbonate and the battery-grade iron phosphate as raw materials.
The recovery method of the waste battery provided by the patent is complicated, needs to carry out multi-channel decomposition and purification, is not beneficial to industrial production, and has the regeneration cost far higher than the value of the regenerated material according to statistics. Therefore, it is very important to develop a recycling method of waste battery materials which can be operated at low cost.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide reclaimed foundry sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, which takes used foundry sand as a main raw material and waste batteries as an auxiliary raw material.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the reclaimed sand.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to foundry reclaimed sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of casting used sand, 0.2-2.0 parts of waste battery graphite powder, 1 part of waste battery current collector, 1 part of ferrochrome mineral powder, 0.5 part of waste sand regeneration collection sludge and 0.5 part of water glass.
The waste battery is a lithium ion battery, and the current collector comprises a positive current collector and a negative current collector, and is made of aluminum foil and copper foil. In the invention, the current collector with the coating layer removed from the surface or the positive and negative pole pieces with the coating layer are used, and the performance of the reclaimed sand is not influenced by trace conductive agent and binder in the coating layer.
In one embodiment of the invention, the waste battery graphite powder is obtained by the following method: and crushing and sieving the lithium ion battery negative pole piece, and preferably sieving the crushed lithium ion battery negative pole piece by using a 12-mesh sieve to obtain the pretreated lithium ion battery negative pole material. And (3) placing the graphite powder into an oxalic acid solution with the pH value of 1.2-1.6, soaking for 40min, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a graphite powder coarse material. And grinding the coarse graphite powder, finely crushing, preferably screening by a 270-mesh screen, and controlling the particle size to be less than 53 mu m to obtain the fine graphite powder.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the reclaimed sand, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially crushing and sieving the used foundry sand;
preferably, the used foundry sand is 100 parts by weight, and the mesh number of the screen is 6-12 meshes.
The used foundry sand in the invention is used for producing the motor shell and the engine cylinder cover and can be one or any combination of inorganic binder used sand, phenolic resin used sand and cold box resin used sand. Wherein the surface coating layers of the hot core box old sand and the cold core box old sand mainly contain phenolic resin, polyisocyanate and liquid amine catalyst; the inorganic binder used sand surface coating mainly contains silicate. The surface coating must be removed during the reclamation process or otherwise affect the properties of the reclaimed sand.
(2) Adding waste battery graphite powder into the sieved waste sand, and then roasting;
preferably, the waste battery graphite powder is 0.2-2.0 parts by weight, the roasting temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-6 hours. The method removes combustible organic matters and brittle part inorganic matters on the surface of the used sand through primary roasting, and prevents silicate on the surface of the used sand from being vitrified in the roasting process and pipeline blockage in the roasting furnace by adding the graphite powder of the waste battery in the roasting process.
(3) Stirring and washing the roasted used sand with water, centrifugally dewatering and drying with microwaves in sequence to obtain dried used sand;
preferably, in the stirring and water washing process, the rotating speed of the stirring rotor is 120-360 r/min, and the water washing time is 3-20 min. And removing brittle inorganic matters and soluble inorganic salts on the surface of the used sand by stirring and washing.
In the centrifugal dehydration process, the rotating speed of a centrifugal roller is 600-1800 r/min, the dehydration time is 3-10 min, and the water content of the dehydrated used sand is required to be less than or equal to 3%. And by centrifugal dehydration, inorganic substances and soluble inorganic salts falling off from the surface of the used sand are quickly peeled off, and the conductivity is reduced to the maximum extent.
In the microwave drying process, the microwave frequency is 2-20 MHz, the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-30 min. Through microwave drying, the surface moisture of the used sand can be uniformly removed from the inside and the outside.
Preferably, negative pressure purification is carried out in the roasting, centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying processes, and a negative pressure dust remover is used, wherein the operating pressure is 500-2000 MPa. The ash and the water vapor generated in the process are timely pumped away through negative pressure purification, and poor regeneration effect caused by the aggregation of stripping substances is prevented.
(4) Crushing a waste battery current collector and leftover materials to be used as metal powder, adding chromite powder, sludge obtained by centrifugal dehydration in the step (3) and water glass into the metal powder for disk granulation, and crushing the obtained particles after maintenance to obtain a high-temperature-resistant additive;
preferably, the particle size of the metal powder is less than or equal to 140 meshes. The waste battery current collector is made of metal copper and aluminum, so that the deformability of the additive can be improved, and the vein defect of the casting can be prevented. In addition, the heat conductivity of the added ferrochromium mineral powder is very good, the effect of the additive can be enhanced, the chilling effect is achieved, and the surface quality of the casting is excellent. If the chromite powder is added separately, the deformability of the additive is poor.
Preferably, during mixing, 1 part by weight of metal powder is taken, 1 part by weight of ferrochromium ore powder, 0.5 part by weight of sludge collected by centrifugal dehydration in the step (3) and 0.5 part by weight of water glass with the modulus of 2.0-3.0 are added for disk granulation, the rotating speed of a disk is 100-270 r/min, the inclination angle between the disk and the ground is 30-75 degrees, and the particle size of the obtained particles is 6-20 meshes.
Preferably, the curing temperature is 100-200 ℃, the curing time is 60-300 min, and the particle size of the high-temperature resistant additive is 50-100 meshes.
(5) And (5) putting the high-temperature-resistant additive prepared in the step (4) and the dried old sand obtained in the step (3) into a sand mixer at the same time, and mechanically stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the finished reclaimed sand capable of preventing the sand burning and the air hole defects of the casting.
Preferably, the stirring speed is 300-720 r/min, and the mixing time is 20-60 s.
The particle size of the high-temperature resistant additive is close to that of the reclaimed sand, and after the high-temperature resistant additive is uniformly mixed with the reclaimed sand through mechanical stirring, the additive is dispersed among the reclaimed sand, so that the functions of heat conduction and exhaust are achieved. Specifically, the additive has excellent high-temperature resistance and heat conductivity, so that the cooling speed of a casting can be increased in the casting process, and sand burning can be effectively prevented; in addition, due to the fact that the additive has the polygonal characteristic, grid gaps which are dispersedly distributed in the sand core can be established, escape of gas in the casting process is facilitated, and the defect of air holes is effectively prevented.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides reclaimed sand for casting, which prevents sand sticking and air hole defects of a casting, wherein old casting sand is taken as a main raw material to carry out regeneration treatment on the old casting sand, the obtained reclaimed sand can completely replace new sand to be used, the cost is lower than that of the new sand, and the problem of continuous discharge pollution caused by solid waste of the old sand is solved, so that the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are realized. The reclaimed sand also utilizes the anode and cathode current collectors of the old battery as auxiliary raw materials, can be used as a reclaimed sand additive through simple extraction and physical crushing, and is added after granulation, thereby being a new recycling mode of the anode and cathode materials of the old and old lithium ion battery.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the reclaimed sand, which has the following advantages:
1) combustible organic matters and brittle part inorganic matters on the surface of the used sand are removed through primary roasting, and waste battery graphite powder is added in the roasting process, so that the situation that silicate on the surface of the used sand is vitrified in the roasting process can be prevented, and the blockage in a roasting furnace is avoided.
2) After roasting is completed, removing brittle inorganic matters and soluble inorganic salts on the surface of the used sand by stirring and washing.
3) The inorganic substances and soluble inorganic salts which are peeled off from the surface of the used sand are quickly removed through centrifugal dehydration, and the conductivity is reduced to the maximum extent.
4) Through microwave drying, the surface moisture of the used sand can be uniformly removed from the inside and the outside.
5) Through negative pressure purification in the roasting, centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying processes, ash and water vapor generated above are pumped away in time, and poor regeneration effect caused by stripping substance aggregation is prevented.
6) Mechanically crushing a waste battery current collector and leftover materials, adding chromite powder and dehydrated sludge, and performing disc granulation and crushing to obtain the high-temperature-resistant additive with excellent high-temperature resistance and heat conductivity. The additive is uniformly mixed with the reclaimed sand through mechanical stirring, and the additive has excellent high-temperature resistance and heat conductivity, so that the cooling speed of the casting is accelerated in the casting process, and sand adhesion is effectively prevented; in addition, due to the fact that the additive has the polygonal characteristic, grid gaps which are distributed in a dispersed mode can be established in the sand core, gas can escape in the casting process, and the defect of air holes is effectively prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of reclaimed foundry sand for preventing sand burning and pore defects in castings according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the used sand of comparative example 1 after baking.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the reclaimed sand produced in accordance with example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of reclaimed foundry sand for preventing sand burning and air vent defects of castings is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
1. 100 parts of used foundry sand is taken and placed in a stirring crusher to be coarsely crushed for 120s, and the crushed sand is sieved by a 12-mesh sieve.
2. And putting the crushed used sand into a roasting furnace, adding 1.0 part of waste battery graphite powder, mixing, and roasting at 800 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain roasted used sand.
3. And (3) putting the roasted old sand in the step (2) into a sand washer, stirring and washing, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring rotor is 360r/min, and the time is 10 min.
4. And (4) putting the wet sand obtained in the step (3) into a centrifugal roller for centrifugal dehydration, wherein the rotating speed is 720r/min, the dehydration time is 5min, and the water content of the dehydrated used sand is 2.6%.
5. And (4) sending the dehydrated used sand in the step (4) into a microwave drying oven for microwave drying, wherein the microwave frequency is 10MHZ, the temperature is controlled to be 180 ℃, and the drying time is 12min, so that the dried used sand is obtained.
Negative pressure purification is carried out in the roasting, centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying processes, and a negative pressure dust remover is used, wherein the operating pressure is 600 MPa.
6. And putting the anode and cathode pole pieces of the waste battery and leftover materials into a grinder, and grinding the waste battery into metal powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 140 meshes. Taking 1 part of the metal powder, adding 1 part of chromite powder, adding 0.5 part of dewatered collected sludge and 0.5 part of water glass with the modulus of 3.0, carrying out disc granulation, wherein the disc rotating speed is 180r/min, the inclination angle between the disc and the ground is 60 degrees, and artificial particles with the particle size of 6-20 meshes are extracted by a screen in the granulation process. And (3) feeding the particles into an oven for curing, wherein the oven temperature is 180 ℃, the curing time is 80min, after the curing is finished, manually crushing, and extracting irregular polygonal particles of 50-100 meshes to obtain the high-temperature resistant additive.
7. And (3) putting the additive in the step (6) and the dried old sand obtained in the step (5) into a sand mixer at the same time, uniformly mixing by mechanical stirring at a stirring speed of 360r/min for 20s to obtain finished reclaimed sand capable of preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of a casting, and packaging and warehousing.
Example 2
A preparation method of reclaimed foundry sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings comprises the following steps:
1. taking 100 parts of used foundry sand, placing the used foundry sand in a stirring crusher for coarse crushing for 180s, and sieving the sand by a 12-mesh sieve.
2. And putting the crushed used sand into a roasting furnace, adding 0.5 part of waste battery graphite powder, mixing, and roasting at the roasting temperature of 650 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the roasted used sand.
3. And (3) putting the roasted used sand in the step (2) into a sand washer, stirring and washing with water, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring rotor is 120r/min, and the time is 5 min.
4. And (4) putting the wet sand obtained in the step (3) into a centrifugal roller for centrifugal dehydration at the rotating speed of 600r/min for 3min, wherein the water content of the dehydrated used sand is required to be 2.7%.
5. And (4) conveying the dehydrated used sand in the step (4) into a microwave drying oven, and carrying out microwave drying at the microwave frequency of 5MHZ, controlling the temperature to be 120 ℃ and the drying time to be 10min to obtain the dried used sand.
Negative pressure purification is carried out in the roasting, centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying processes, and a negative pressure dust remover is used, wherein the operating pressure is 1000 MPa.
6. Putting the positive and negative current collectors and the leftover materials of the waste battery into a grinder, and grinding the waste battery into metal powder with the particle size of less than or equal to 140 meshes; taking 1 part of the metal powder, adding 1 part of ferrochromium ore powder, adding 0.5 part of dewatered collected sludge and 0.5 part of water glass with the modulus of 3.0, carrying out disc granulation, wherein the disc rotating speed is 150r/min, the inclination angle between the disc and the ground is 45 degrees, extracting artificial particles with the particle size of 6 meshes to 20 meshes by using a screen in the granulation process, feeding the particles into an oven for maintenance, wherein the oven temperature is 150 ℃, the maintenance time is 300min, carrying out artificial crushing after the maintenance is finished, and extracting irregular polygonal particles with the particle size of 50 meshes to 100 meshes. The high temperature resistant additive is obtained.
7. And (3) putting the additive in the step (6) and the dried old sand obtained in the step (5) into a sand mixer at the same time, uniformly mixing by mechanical stirring at a stirring speed of 270r/min for 40s to obtain finished reclaimed sand capable of preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of a casting, and packaging and warehousing.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: in the step 2, graphite powder is not added, and the roasting is directly carried out, and other implementation modes and conditions are the same as those of the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 2: and 4, adopting a standing water control device to replace centrifugal dehydration in the embodiment 1, wherein other implementation modes and conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 3: and 5, drying by adopting a common oven instead of microwave drying in the embodiment 1, wherein other implementation modes and conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
Comparative example 4: the negative pressure purge in steps 2, 4 and 5 was removed, and other embodiments and conditions were the same as in example 1 of the present invention.
Comparative example 5: no metal powder was added in step 6, and the other embodiments and conditions were the same as in example 1 of the present invention.
Comparative example 6: the high temperature resistant additive in step 6 is not added in step 7, and other embodiments and conditions are the same as those in example 1 of the present invention.
Comparative example 7: new sand, the place of origin is Neimeng Tongliao.
The reclaimed sand obtained in the above examples and comparative examples was subjected to physical and chemical property tests, and the test results are shown in table 1. The test method of part of parameters is as follows:
high temperature resistance time: carrying out resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the addition amount of resin is 2.0%, and carrying out heat preservation on the prepared coated sand in a 230 ℃ mold for 120s to prepare a cylindrical test block with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 40 mm. And (3) carrying out vertical constant-temperature and constant-pressure loading on the test block, wherein the temperature of the constant-temperature and constant-pressure loading is 1000 ℃, the pressure is 0.2MPa, and the time required by crushing is recorded.
High temperature pressure resistance: and (3) carrying out resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the addition amount of the resin is 2.0%, and the prepared coated sand is subjected to heat preservation in a 230 ℃ mold for 120s to prepare a cylindrical test block with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 40 mm. And (3) carrying out vertical constant-temperature variable-pressure loading on the test block, wherein the constant-temperature constant-pressure loading temperature is 1000 ℃, the pressure is increased at the rate of 0.01MPa/min from 0MPa, and the pressure reached by crushing is recorded.
Heat conductivity: carrying out resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the addition amount of resin is 2.0%, and carrying out heat preservation on the prepared coated sand in a mold at 230 ℃ for 120s to prepare an 8-shaped test block, wherein the size of the test block refers to the standard JB/T8583-2008. Placing the splayed test block in a 300 deg.C holding furnace for 30s, taking out, placing in a cooling box for air cooling, and testing the splayed test block surface temperature T2 min later 2 Thermal conductivity of
Air permeability: and performing resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the addition amount of the resin is 2.0%, and the coated sand is prepared into a standard 8-shaped test block for later use. And (4) carrying out air permeability test by using a molding sand air permeability tester, referring to the standard GB/T2684-2009.
Tensile strength: performing resin coating on the reclaimed sand to prepare coated sand, wherein the addition amount of resin is 2.0%, and performing a tensile strength test on the prepared coated sand by referring to a standard JB/T8583-2008.
TABLE 1 physical and chemical properties of reclaimed sand
| Detecting items | High temperature pressure resistance (MPa) | High temperature resistance time(s) | Heat transfer performance | Air permeability | Tensile strength (MPa) |
| Example 1 | 1.0 | 143 | 0.73 | 149 | 3.2 |
| Example 2 | 1.1 | 155 | 0.68 | 150 | 2.9 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.5 | 60 | 0.67 | 148 | 1.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.7 | 90 | 0.66 | 141 | 2.0 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.6 | 66 | 0.67 | 145 | 1.8 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.9 | 132 | 0.61 | 136 | 2.6 |
| Comparative example 6 | 0.4 | 54 | 0.33 | 99 | 1.8 |
| New sand | 0.9 | 120 | 0.35 | 100 | 3.0 |
The reclaimed sand obtained in the embodiment and the comparative example is used for replacing new sand and is used for preparing cast aluminum motor shells by a triethylamine cold box process and an inorganic binder process, the casting temperature is 710 +/-20 ℃, 500 castings are respectively cast, the reject ratio of the castings is counted, and the test result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 casting fraction defective statistics
| Class of casting defect | Proportion of sand sticking | Air hole ratio |
| Example 1 | 0.6％ | 0.8％ |
| Example 2 | 0.7％ | 0.7％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 30.2％ | 9.6％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 30.1％ | 14.0％ |
| Comparative example 4 | 20.7％ | 20.4％ |
| Comparative example 5 | 23.9％ | 9.5％ |
| Comparative example 6 | 41.3％ | 32.5％ |
| New sand | 3.1％ | 4.2％ |
The performance analysis of the reclaimed sand obtained in the examples and comparative examples with reference to tables 1 and 2 was as follows:
comparing example 1 with comparative example 1, in comparative example 1, since graphite powder is not added, sodium silicate contained on the surface of used sand is easy to be vitrified during the roasting process, so that the used sand is seriously agglomerated in the furnace to block the furnace body, as shown in fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a photograph of the reclaimed sand of the finished product of example 1, wherein the white blocks are reclaimed used sand and the black blocks are high temperature resistant additives, and the shapes and volumes of the white blocks and the black blocks are relatively close to each other.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, in comparative example 2, the static water control device is adopted, and impurities still remain on the surface of the used sand, which seriously affects the performance of the reclaimed sand. The high temperature resistant pressure can only reach 60 percent of new sand, the high temperature resistant time can only reach 50 percent of new sand, the tensile strength can only reach 50 percent of new sand, and the sand sticking fraction defective of the casting is as high as 30 percent.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 3, comparative example 3 adopts ordinary drying instead of microwave drying, because the ordinary drying temperature is from the surface to the inside, ions are gathered along with moisture, and the performance of the reclaimed sand is unstable. The tensile strength value is unstable, partial test values can only reach 60% of new sand, and the sand sticking reject ratio of the casting is as high as 30%.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 4, comparative example 4 does not carry out negative pressure purification, and impurities such as sludge, dust and the like in the regeneration process are easy to gather on the surface of the regenerated sand and are difficult to remove. The high temperature resistant pressure can only reach 70 percent of the new sand, the high temperature resistant time can only reach 55 percent of the new sand, the tensile strength can only reach 60 percent of the new sand, the sand sticking defective rate of the casting is as high as 20 percent, and the porosity defective rate of the casting is as high as 20 percent.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 5, comparative example 5 does not add metal powder, the high temperature resistant adjuvant prepared from chromite alone has poor deformability, and vein defect is easily caused, and herein, the vein defect is summarized as sand sticking defect. The sand sticking reject ratio of the casting is as high as 35 percent.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 6, comparative example 6 does not add high temperature resistant additive, the high temperature resistant pressure can only reach 50% of new sand, the high temperature resistant time can only reach 45% of new sand, the tensile strength can only reach 60% of new sand, the sand sticking fraction defective of the casting is as high as 40%, and the pore fraction defective of the casting is as high as 30%.
Comparing example 1 with comparative example 7, the physical and chemical properties of the reclaimed sand obtained by the invention can approach to or even exceed those of the new sand, especially the thermal conductivity coefficient is 2 times of that of the new sand, the air permeability is 1.5 times of that of the new sand, and the sand sticking defective rate and the casting pore defective rate of the casting are both reduced to about 20 percent of those of the new sand.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The foundry reclaimed sand for preventing the sand sticking and the air hole defects of the casting is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of casting used sand, 0.2-2.0 parts of waste battery graphite powder, 1 part of waste battery current collector, 1 part of ferrochrome mineral powder, 0.5 part of waste sand regeneration collection sludge and 0.5 part of water glass.
2. A preparation method of reclaimed foundry sand for preventing sand sticking and air hole defects of castings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sequentially crushing and sieving the used foundry sand;
(2) adding graphite powder of the waste battery into the sieved used sand, and then roasting;
(3) stirring and washing, centrifuging and dehydrating the roasted used sand and drying the sand by microwaves in sequence to obtain dried used sand;
(4) crushing a waste battery current collector and leftover materials to be used as metal powder, adding ferrochromium ore powder, sludge and water glass collected in the step (3) through centrifugal dehydration to the metal powder for disk granulation, and crushing the obtained particles after maintenance to obtain a high-temperature-resistant additive;
(5) and (3) uniformly mixing the high-temperature-resistant additive prepared in the step (4) with the dried used sand obtained in the step (3) to obtain the finished reclaimed sand for preventing the sand sticking and the air hole defects of the casting.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the waste battery graphite powder is 0.2-2.0 parts by weight, the roasting temperature is 400-1000 ℃, and the roasting time is 1-6 hours.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the stirring and water washing process in the step (3), the rotating speed of the stirring rotor is 120-360 r/min, and the water washing time is 3-20 min.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the centrifugal dehydration process in the step (3), the rotating speed of a centrifugal roller is 600-1800 r/min, the dehydration time is 3-10 min, and the water content of the dehydrated used sand is less than or equal to 3%.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the microwave drying process in the step (3), the microwave frequency is 2-20 MHz, the drying temperature is 100-200 ℃, and the drying time is 10-30 min.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein negative pressure purification is performed in the roasting process of the step (2), and in the centrifugal dehydration and microwave drying processes of the step (3), and the operating pressure of a negative pressure dust remover is 500-2000 MPa.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), 1 part by weight of the metal powder is taken, 1 part by weight of chromite powder, 0.5 part by weight of sludge collected by centrifugal dehydration in the step (3) and 0.5 part by weight of water glass with the modulus of 2.0-3.0 are added for disk granulation, and the obtained particles have the particle size of 6-20 meshes.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the curing temperature is 100-200 ℃, the curing time is 60-300 min, and the particle size of the high-temperature resistant additive is 50-100 meshes.
10. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (5), the stirring speed is 300-720 r/min, and the mixing time is 20-60 s.
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