CN115020972B - Ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna, which is formed by combining two vertically crossed Vivaldi antennas into a dual-polarized antenna, wherein a slot line of a metal radiating surface of the antenna is formed by two symmetrical exponential curves, a transition slot line and a circle. The Vivaldi antenna feeds the antenna through a microstrip line-balun structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave measurement antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna
Background
In recent years, the development of Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology has rapidly progressed, mainly due to the increasing demands of modern radar, electronic warfare, wireless communication and radio telescope systems, which require very wide bandwidths. The requirements of obtaining more stable beam width and radiation characteristics in higher frequency bands are put forward, so that the method has important practical significance for the design and application of the super-band feed source antenna.
Vivaldi antennas are one of the most common ultra wideband antennas. Vivaldi was first proposed by p.j.gibson as one of the end-fire antennas fed by microstrip lines. Vivaldi antennas, by virtue of their continuous, aperiodic and gradual structure, can theoretically radiate a fairly broad band of traveling waves.
The Vivaldi antennas have been improved, and many efforts have been made by the prior researchers to design special shaped radiating arms, such as rabbit ear shaped comb lines, complex function tapered slots, etc., in order to further improve the performance of such antennas, particularly in terms of impedance bandwidth and low frequency miniaturization.
The Vivaldi antenna length of the prior art should be greater than lambda c The width should be greater than 0.5λ c ，λ c The wavelength of the lowest working frequency is the wavelength, so that the electric size is larger at low frequency, the cost is higher during design and processing, and the structure is easy to be unstable when dual polarization is realized by the larger size.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems: the ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna has the advantages of overcoming the defects of the prior art, further reducing the electric size by etching a groove on a metal radiation surface and loading impedance, enabling the antenna to be miniaturized, realizing ultra-wideband, being wide in bandwidth, capable of realizing 10 octaves, light in weight, low in cost, simple to process, small in size and the like.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: the ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna is made of a double-sided dielectric plate, a specific curve of a metal radiating surface on the front side of the double-sided dielectric plate is formed by connecting a transition slot line, a round line and a transition slot line through a specific index curve and then connecting the transition slot line with the specific index curve, V-shaped grooves are etched at symmetrical positions on two sides of the metal radiating surface, and resistors are loaded at positions, close to the edges of the double-sided dielectric plate, of the V-shaped grooves. The back of the double-sided dielectric plate is fed by the microstrip line-balun structure, and the SMA connector is welded with the microstrip line so as to be connected with the radio frequency cable. And grooving the two double-sided dielectric plates, and vertically and orthogonally assembling the two double-sided dielectric plates to realize dual polarization of the antenna.
The ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna has the antenna length of 0.34 lambda c ～0.36λ c Between 0.17 lambda c ～0.18λ c ，λ c The lowest operating frequency corresponds to the wavelength. The specific curve is formed by connecting a specific exponential curve with a transition groove line, connecting a round line, then connecting with the transition groove line and finally connecting with a specific exponential curve, and the specific exponential curve equation on the metal radiation surface:
in the formula (x) 1 ，y 1 ),(x 2 ，y 2 ) Respectively represent the starting point and the end point of a specific index curve, R represents an index curvature regulating factor, and the distance between the end positions of two symmetrical specific index curves is 0.1lambda c ～0.12λ c The distance between the initial positions of the two symmetrical specific exponential curves is 0.003 lambda c ～0.0045λ c Between which the length of the specific exponential curve is 0.27 lambda c ～0.3λ c Between them. Transition line length 0.023 lambda connected to specific exponential curve c ～0.025λ c The diameter of the round wire connected with the round wire is 0.03lambda c ～0.04λ c 。
The ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna metal radiating surface is etched with V-shaped grooves at two symmetrical positions, and the groove width of the V-shaped groove is 0.0035lambda c ～0.0058λ c The starting point of the V-shaped groove is positioned at the edge of the double-sided dielectric plate and is 0.256 lambda away from the bottom of the Vivaldi antenna c ～0.266λ c The inflection point of the V-shaped groove is 0.0256lambda away from the long side of the double-sided dielectric plate c ～0.028λ c Distance Vivaldi antenna bottom 0.0245 lambda c ～0.0249λ c The end of the V-shaped groove is 0.057lambda from the long side of the double-sided dielectric plate c ～0.0625λ c Distance Vivaldi antenna bottom 0.268 lambda c ～0.273λ c . The impedance is loaded at the edge of the V-shaped groove, energy is absorbed, reflection is reduced, impedance matching is achieved, and bandwidth is expanded. The loaded impedance is 50-90 omega, and the adopted impedance can be a chip resistor and an axial lead resistor.
The ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi has a microstrip line-to-balun structure for the back surface of a double-sided dielectric plate, and adopts three sections of microstrip lines as impedance converters, wherein the length of a first section of microstrip line is 0.035 lambda c ～0.04λ c Width of 0.0046λ c ～0.0051λ c To reduce the antenna electrical size, the second microstrip line is fedBending the line, the length of the second section microstrip line is 0.028λ c ～0.03λ c Width 0.003 lambda c ～0.0035λ c The length of the third section microstrip line is 0.0215lambda c ～0.0233λ c The sector radius of the balun structure is 0.016lambda c ～0.017λ c The fan-shaped angle is 97-105 degrees.
The dual polarization of the ultra-wideband impedance loading dual polarization electric small-size Vivaldi antenna is realized by cutting grooves on two dielectric plates and vertically and alternately splicing, and the cutting length of the first double-sided dielectric plate from top to bottom is 0.3lambda c ～0.315λ c Width of 0.0029λ c ～0.003λ c The second double-sided dielectric plate is cut from the bottom end to the top end, and the cutting length is 0.04 lambda c ～0.042λ c Width of 0.0029λ c ～0.003λ c In order to be well assembled, the sum of the cutting lengths of the two polarizations is equal to the total length of the Vivaldi antenna, the two double-sided dielectric plates are vertically and alternately spliced to form dual polarization of the antenna, and the dual polarization is welded with the microstrip line through the SMA coaxial connector, so that the dual polarization antenna can be connected with a radio frequency cable.
The ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna double-sided dielectric plate material is an FR-4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.3.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a probe design for a microwave measurement system. The design antenna probe can realize 10 times frequency, such as 0.7-7G. According to the ultra-wideband antenna, the specific exponential curve of the metal radiation surface and the detailed design of the microstrip line-balun structure are optimized, so that impedance matching, feed balancing and ultra-wideband characteristics are realized. Meanwhile, a V-shaped groove is further etched at a position with higher current on a metal radiation surface of the Vivaldi antenna, impedance is loaded at the position, close to the edge of the double-sided dielectric plate, of the V-shaped groove, and part of electromagnetic radiation energy is absorbed by the resistor through the loaded impedance, so that reflection energy can be effectively reduced, particularly standing waves at low frequency are reduced, and the standing wave ratio of the antenna is lower than 2.5 in 10 octaves. Meanwhile, under the condition of not changing the size of the antenna and the working mode, the current path is changed, so that the working frequency point of the antenna can be reduced, and the antenna is miniaturized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, the specific exponential curve and the detailed design of the microstrip line-balun structure can well obtain the impedance matching effect, reduce the return loss and improve the standing wave performance of the antenna.
(2) According to the invention, the V-shaped groove is etched on the metal radiation surface on the front surface of the double-sided dielectric plate, and the impedance is loaded at the position of the groove close to the edge of the double-sided dielectric plate, so that the reflection energy, especially the low frequency band, can be effectively reduced, the frequency band of the whole antenna is effectively expanded, the ultra-wide frequency band of 10 octaves is realized, and the energy is absorbed due to the loading of the impedance, so that the structure of the antenna is smaller than the normal size, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized
(3) The invention adopts slotting on two double-sided dielectric plates to realize two polarizations, and the mode of assembly and processing is simpler and easier to realize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultra wideband impedance loaded dual polarized electrically small sized Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first double-sided dielectric plate of an ultra-wideband impedance-loaded dual-polarized electrically small-sized Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention; a is the front surface of the first double-sided dielectric plate, b is the back surface of the first double-sided dielectric plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second double-sided dielectric plate of an ultra-wideband impedance-loaded dual-polarized electrically small-sized Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention; a is the front surface of the second double-sided dielectric plate, and b is the back surface of the second double-sided dielectric plate.
The symbol symbols in the drawings are: 1 represents a first double-sided dielectric plate; 2 represents a second double-sided dielectric plate; 3 denotes a V-groove, 1-4 denotes a V-groove on a first double-sided dielectric plate, and 2-4 denotes a V-groove on a second double-sided dielectric plate; 4 denotes an SMA connector, 1-14 denotes an SMA connector on a first double-sided dielectric plate, and 2-14 denotes an SMA connector on a second double-sided dielectric plate; 1-1 represents the front surface of a first double-sided dielectric plate, 1-2 represents the back surface of the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-1 represents the front surface of a second double-sided dielectric plate, 2-2 represents the back surface of the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-3 represents the metal radiation surface on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-3 represents the metal radiation surface on the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-4-1 represents the position of the V-shaped groove on the first double-sided dielectric plate near the edge of the double-sided dielectric plate, 2-4-1 represents the position of the V-shaped groove on the second double-sided dielectric plate near the edge of the double-sided dielectric plate, 1-4-2 represents the inflection point of the V-shaped groove on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-4-3 represents the end point of the V-shaped groove on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-4-3 represents the end point of the V-shaped groove on the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-5 represents a specific index curve on the metal radiation surface on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-5 represents a specific index curve on the metal radiation surface on the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-6 represents a transition groove line on the metal radiator of the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-6 represents a transition groove line on the metal radiator of the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-7 represents a circle where the transition groove lines on the first double-sided dielectric plate meet, 2-7 represents a circle where the transition groove lines on the second double-sided dielectric plate meet, 1-8 represents a chip resistor on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-8 represents a chip resistor on the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-9 represents a plugging slot on a first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-9 represents a plugging slot on a second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-10 represents a first section microstrip line on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-10 represents a first section microstrip line on the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-11 represents a second section microstrip line on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-11 represents a second section microstrip line on the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-12 represents a third section microstrip line on the first double-sided dielectric plate, 2-12 represents a third section microstrip line on the second double-sided dielectric plate, 1-13 represents a balun fan shape on the first double-sided dielectric plate, and 2-13 represents a balun fan shape on the second double-sided dielectric plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
According to the design and the ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna capable of covering 0.7-7GHz, a first double-sided dielectric plate 1 and a second double-sided dielectric plate are selected firstlyLength, width and thickness of the panel 2, the length of the conventional Vivaldi antenna should be greater than lambda c The width should be greater than 0.5λ c ，λ c The lowest working frequency wavelength, namely the free space wavelength corresponding to 0.7GHz, is 428.27mm, but in the invention, the V-shaped groove is etched on the metal radiation surface on the front side of the double-sided dielectric plate, the current path is changed, meanwhile, the impedance is loaded, the energy reflection is reduced, the size of the antenna can be reduced, the length of the double-sided dielectric plate is 150mm, the width of the double-sided dielectric plate is 75mm, and the double-sided dielectric plate is made of FR-4 material with the thickness of 1.2 mm. An SMA connector 4 is used as the radio frequency connector.
According to the radiation principle of the antenna, the antenna radiator determines the impedance matching and radiation characteristics of the antenna, and the specific index curves 1-5 on the metal radiation surface on the first double-sided dielectric plate and the specific index curves 2-5 on the metal radiation surface on the second double-sided dielectric plate adopt the following equations:
(x 1 ，y 1 ),(x 2 ，y 2 ) Respectively representing the start point and end point coordinates of a specific exponential curve, R representing the exponential curvature adjustment factor, and finally determining the start point and end point coordinates as (-0.9, -49) (-25, 75), r=0.1, the exponential curve form:
y＝±(-149.066e 0.1x +87.236)
as shown in fig. 1, due to the fact that dual polarization is required to be achieved finally, the first double-sided dielectric plate 1 and the second double-sided dielectric plate 2 need to be inserted, the transition groove lines of the two double-sided dielectric plates need to be designed in detail, finally, the length of the transition groove line 1-6 on the metal radiator of the first double-sided dielectric plate is 10.95mm, the length of the transition groove line 2-6 on the metal radiator of the second double-sided dielectric plate is 9.93mm, and the diameter of the circle 1-7 where the transition groove lines on the first double-sided dielectric plate are connected and the diameter of the circle 2-7 where the transition groove lines on the second double-sided dielectric plate are connected are 14.26mm.
The V-shaped groove 3 is required to be etched at the position with higher current of the metal radiation surface, the groove widths of the V-shaped groove 1-4 on the first double-sided dielectric plate and the V-shaped groove 2-4 on the second double-sided dielectric plate are 2mm, as shown in figure 2, the edge position 1-4-1 of the V-shaped groove on the first double-sided dielectric plate, which is close to the double-sided dielectric plate, is 113mm away from the bottom of the antenna, the inflection point 1-4-2 of the V-shaped groove is 107mm away from the bottom of the Vivaldi antenna, 11.75mm away from the side edge, the end point 1-4-3 of the V-shaped groove is 116.86mm away from the bottom of the antenna, and 25.6mm away from the side edge; as shown in FIG. 3, the V-shaped groove on the second double-sided dielectric plate is 2-4-1 at a distance of 112mm from the bottom, the inflection point of the V-shaped groove is 2-4-2 at 106mm from the bottom of the antenna, 11.75mm from the side of the antenna, the end point of the V-shaped groove is 2-4-3 at 115.99mm from the bottom of the antenna, and 25.79mm from the side of the antenna. The chip resistors 1-8 on the first double-sided dielectric plate and the chip resistors 2-8 on the second double-sided dielectric plate are 60 ohms.
The microstrip line-to-balun structure is specifically designed for two double-sided dielectric plates, as shown in fig. 2, the dimensions of the microstrip line-to-balun structure on the back surface 1-2 of the first double-sided dielectric plate are optimized as follows: the length of the first section of microstrip line 1-10 is 15.3mm, the width of the first section of microstrip line is 2.1mm, the length of the second section of microstrip line 1-11 is 12.45mm, the width of the second section of microstrip line is 1.4mm, the length of the third section of microstrip line 1-12 is 9.75mm, the width of the third section of microstrip line is 1mm, the balun fan-shaped structure 1-13 is 7.62mm in radius, and the angle is 101 degrees; the SMA connectors 1-14 on the first double-sided dielectric plate are welded with the first microstrip line at a position 19.7mm from the center of the bottom end. As shown in fig. 3, the dimensions of the microstrip line-to-balun structure on the back surface 2-2 of the second double-sided dielectric plate are optimized as follows: the length of the first section of microstrip line 2-10 is 15.3mm, the width of the first section of microstrip line is 2.1mm, the length of the second section of microstrip line 2-11 is 12.48mm, the width of the second section of microstrip line is 1.4mm, the length of the third section of microstrip line 2-12 is 9.75mm, the width of the third section of microstrip line is 1mm, the balun fan-shaped structure 2-13 is 7.62mm in radius, and the angle is 101 degrees. And welding the first microstrip line through the SMA connectors 2-14 on the second double-sided dielectric plate, wherein the welding position is 19.7mm away from the center of the bottom end of the antenna.
As shown in FIG. 2, the insertion grooves 1-9 on the first double-sided dielectric plate are 132.3mm long and 1.3mm wide from top to bottom. As shown in figure 3, the bottom of each plugging slot 2-9 on the first double-sided dielectric plate is opened to the top, the length is 17.7mm, the width is 1.3mm, and the two double-sided dielectric plates are perpendicularly crossed and plugged together, so that dual polarization is achieved.
The invention relates to an ultra-wideband impedance loading dual-polarized electric small-size Vivaldi antenna, which can be used for forming a linear array unit for measuring RCS.
Claims (4)
1. An ultra-wideband impedance loaded dual-polarized electrically small-sized Vivaldi antenna, characterized in that: the Vivaldi antenna is made of a double-sided dielectric plate, the front surface of the double-sided dielectric plate is a metal radiation surface, and a specific curve is etched on the metal radiation surface; v-shaped grooves are etched at symmetrical positions on two sides of the metal radiation surface, the specific position is the highest point of current, impedance is loaded at the position, close to the edge of the double-sided dielectric plate, of the V-shaped groove to achieve impedance matching, impedance is loaded, energy is absorbed, reflection is reduced, impedance matching is achieved, and bandwidth is expanded; the back of the double-sided dielectric plate is fed to the antenna by a microstrip line-balun structure, and an SMA connector is welded with the microstrip line so as to be connected with a radio frequency cable; grooving the two double-sided dielectric plates, wherein the two double-sided dielectric plates are vertically and alternately assembled to realize dual polarization; the Vivaldi antenna length range is 0.34 lambda c ～0.36λ c Width in the range of 0.17 lambda c ～0.18λ c ，λ c The wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency;
the impedance range of the impedance loaded on the edge of the V-shaped groove is 50-90 omega, and the adopted resistor type is a patch resistor or an axial lead resistor;
the groove width of the V-shaped groove is 0.0035lambda c ～0.0058λ c The starting point of the V-shaped groove is positioned at the edge of the double-sided dielectric plate, and the range from the bottom of the antenna is 0.256 lambda c ～0.266λ c The inflection point of the V-shaped groove is 0.0256lambda from the long side c ～0.028λ c Distance from the bottom of the antenna 0.0245 lambda c ～0.0249λ c The end of the V-shaped groove is 0.057λ from the long side c ～0.0625λ c Distance from the bottom of the antenna 0.268 lambda c ～0.273λ c ；
The specific curve is formed by connecting a specific exponential curve with a transition groove line, connecting a round line, connecting with the transition groove line, and finally connecting with a specific exponential curve, wherein the specific exponential curve equation is as follows:
in the formula (x) 1 ，y 1 ),(x 2 ，y 2 ) Respectively represent the starting point and the end point of a specific index curve, R represents an index curvature regulating factor, and the distance between the end positions of two symmetrical specific index curves is 0.1lambda c ～0.12λ c The distance range between the initial positions of the two symmetrical specific exponential curves is 0.003 lambda c ～0.0045λ c The length range of the specific exponential curve is 0.27 lambda c ～0.3λ c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Transition line length 0.023 lambda connected to specific exponential curve c ～0.025λ c The diameter of the circle connected with the ring is in the range of 0.03lambda c ～0.04λ c 。
2. The ultra wideband impedance loaded dual polarized electrically small scale Vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: the back of the double-sided dielectric plate adopts a microstrip line-to-balun structure, three sections of microstrip lines are adopted as impedance converters, and the length range of the first section of microstrip line is 0.035 lambda c ～0.04λ c Width in the range of 0.0046λ c ～0.0051λ c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In order to reduce the electric size of the antenna, the second section of microstrip line is bent, and the length of the second section of microstrip line is in the range of 0.028λ c ～0.03λ c Width range 0.003 lambda c ～0.0035λ c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The length range of the third section microstrip line is 0.0215lambda c ～0.0233λ c The size of the sector radius of the balun structure is in the range of 0.016lambda c ～0.017λ c The fan-shaped angle ranges from 97 DEG to 105 deg.
3. The ultra wideband impedance loaded dual polarized electrically small scale Vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: cutting the first double-sided dielectric plate from top to bottom to obtain a length of 0.3λ c ～0.315λ c Width of 0.0029λ c ～0.003λ c Cutting the second double-sided dielectric plate from bottom to top to obtain a cut length of 0.04λ c ～0.042λ c Width of 0.0029λ c ～0.003λ c In order to be well assembled, the sum of the cutting lengths of the two polarizations is equal to the total length of the Vivaldi antenna, the two double-sided dielectric plates are vertically and alternately spliced, dual polarization of the Vivaldi antenna is achieved, and the two double-sided dielectric plates are welded with the microstrip line through the SMA coaxial connector, so that the double-sided dielectric plates can be connected with a radio-frequency cable.
4. The ultra wideband impedance loaded dual polarized electrically small scale Vivaldi antenna of claim 1, wherein: the double-sided dielectric board is made of FR-4 material with the thickness of 1.2mm and the dielectric constant of 4.3.
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