WO2022095305A1 - Low frequency radiation unit and base station antenna - Google Patents

Low frequency radiation unit and base station antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022095305A1
WO2022095305A1 PCT/CN2021/075799 CN2021075799W WO2022095305A1 WO 2022095305 A1 WO2022095305 A1 WO 2022095305A1 CN 2021075799 W CN2021075799 W CN 2021075799W WO 2022095305 A1 WO2022095305 A1 WO 2022095305A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation unit
frequency
frequency radiation
circuit board
low
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/075799
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王宁
邱小凯
江峰
刘维卓
马瑞峰
Original Assignee
摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司
摩比科技（深圳）有限公司
摩比通讯技术（吉安）有限公司
摩比科技(西安)有限公司
深圳市晟煜智慧科技网络有限公司
西安摩比天线技术工程有限公司
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Application filed by 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司, 摩比科技（深圳）有限公司, 摩比通讯技术（吉安）有限公司, 摩比科技(西安)有限公司, 深圳市晟煜智慧科技网络有限公司, 西安摩比天线技术工程有限公司 filed Critical 摩比天线技术（深圳）有限公司
Publication of WO2022095305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022095305A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, and in particular, to a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
  • GSM mobile wireless communication technology
  • 3G WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, CDMA2000
  • 4G TDD-LTE, FDD-LTE
  • the base station antenna is the most front-end passive device in the mobile wireless communication system. It receives radio information from the user's mobile terminal and sends radio information to the user's mobile terminal. It is an important information hub in the mobile wireless communication system. At the same time, subject to the tense sky environment, the multi-frequency, miniaturization and portability of base station antennas have become urgent market demands.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit in the antenna are placed more compactly.
  • the high-frequency radiation unit enters the space below the low-frequency radiation unit, and the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the high-frequency radiation unit will It is received and re-scattered by the low-frequency radiation unit, causing serious distortion of the pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit, resulting in the degradation of the signal coverage quality of the base station antenna, and even the interruption of the user's mobile terminal network.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the high-frequency radiation performance of the low-frequency radiation unit when the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed. Therefore, the multi-frequency and miniaturization of the antenna can be realized.
  • the present invention provides a low-frequency radiation unit, comprising a first circuit board, a second circuit board and a bottom plate;
  • the first circuit board includes a first horizontal plate, and a first vertical plate extends downward vertically at the middle of the first horizontal plate;
  • the second circuit board includes a second horizontal plate, and a second vertical plate extends downward vertically from the middle of the second horizontal plate;
  • the first riser of the first circuit board and the second riser of the second circuit board are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure, and the first riser and the second riser The lower end is fixed on the bottom plate;
  • the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms to form a dual-polarized radiation unit, the radiation arms include a plurality of horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent The broadband line segment is connected by a bent thin strip line segment;
  • a feeder balun is provided on both the first and second risers, the lower end of the feeder balun is electrically connected to the bottom plate, and the upper end of the feeder balun is electrically connected to the radiating arm .
  • two resonant structures with left-right symmetry are provided in the middle of the upper ends of the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate.
  • each of the resonance structures includes a horizontal strip, and a vertical strip extends downward adjacent to the inner side of the horizontal strip;
  • the horizontal strip is located above the first wide-band line segment in the middle position of the first horizontal plate or the second horizontal plate, and the vertical long strip is located inside the first wide-band line segment.
  • the feed balun includes a microstrip line, a plurality of impedance matching branches, a slot line, two meander lines and two coupling structures;
  • the microstrip line and a plurality of the impedance matching branches are located on the back of the first riser and the second riser and are connected to each other;
  • the slot line, the two zigzag lines and the two coupling structures are located on the front surfaces of the first circuit board and the second circuit board and are connected to each other;
  • the signal is coupled to the slot line through the microstrip line and the impedance matching branch, and then fed to the radiation arm through the two meander lines and the two coupling structures.
  • the length of the thin strip line segment is 0.1 ⁇ 0.25 wavelengths of the high-frequency operating frequency
  • the strip line segments may be the same or different in length and shape.
  • the length of the broadband line segment is less than 0.25 high-frequency operating frequency wavelength; and/or
  • the broadband line segment is rectangular or square.
  • the four boundary lines of the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate are connected and fixed to each other.
  • a first fitting groove is formed in the middle of the lower end of the first vertical plate, and a second fitting groove is formed in the middle of the upper end of the second vertical plate;
  • the vertical plate and the second vertical plate are respectively cross-fitted to form an X-shaped structure through the first fitting groove and the second fitting groove.
  • the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of openings, and the lower ends of the first riser and the second riser are inserted into the openings;
  • the ground terminal is electrically connected to the bottom surface of the base plate.
  • the present invention also provides a base station antenna, comprising a reflector, a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units as described above are distributed on the reflector, and the low-frequency radiation units are nested and inserted into the high-frequency radiation unit. the middle of the radiating element.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a first circuit board, a second circuit board and a bottom plate, the first circuit board includes a first horizontal plate and a first vertical plate; the second circuit board includes a second horizontal plate and a second vertical plate, the first Both the vertical plate and the second vertical plate are provided with feeding baluns, which are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure; the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiating arms to form dual polarization Radiation unit, the radiation arm includes a plurality of horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent broadband line segments are connected by a bent thin strip line segment; the radiation arm is segmented into a plurality of broadband line segments, which is much smaller than the electricity required for high-frequency resonance.
  • the coupled thin-strip line segment has a strong inhibitory effect on high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which together realize the filtering function of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • the influence of the radiation element on the high-frequency radiation performance can realize the multi-frequency and miniaturization of the antenna.
  • Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the back of the first circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the first circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the filtering structure on the radiation arm of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the back of the second circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of the second circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the bottom plate of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of two filtering structures in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a filter structure in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a high and low frequency nested array of a preferred base station antenna of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a comparison of the patterns of nested high frequency and pure high frequency at 2.6 GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention.
  • the low frequency radiation unit 100 The first circuit board 10; The first horizontal plate 11;
  • Broadband line segment 41 First broadband line segment 411; Thin band line segment 42;
  • feed balun 50 ; resonant structure 60; microstrip line 51;
  • impedance matching branch 52 slot line 53; meander line 54;
  • Coupling structure 55 Horizontal strip 61; Vertical strip 62;
  • High frequency radiation unit 400 is a part of the invention.
  • references in this specification to "one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “example embodiment”, etc. mean that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every Embodiments must contain these specific features, structures or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions are not referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, whether or not explicitly described, it has been shown that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to incorporate such feature, structure or characteristic into other embodiments .
  • connection herein includes any direct and indirect means of electrical connection. Indirect electrical connection means include connection through other means.
  • the present invention integrates the filter principle into the radiation unit, so that the low frequency radiation unit has the filtering characteristics of the high frequency radiation unit, that is, the low frequency radiation unit is suppressed from the high frequency radiation unit.
  • the unit radiates electromagnetic waves to reduce the scattering of high frequency signals by the low frequency radiation unit, so the mutual coupling effect of the low frequency radiation unit on the high frequency radiation unit is weakened, that is, the transmission of the high frequency radiation unit is realized.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 includes a first circuit board 10, a second circuit board 20, and a bottom plate 30.
  • the first circuit board 10, the second circuit board 10, the second circuit board Board 20 and base plate 30 are preferably PCB boards.
  • the first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 are line antennas with two different polarization directions, respectively.
  • the first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 have complementary grooves in the middle and are cross-fitted with each other. It has an X-shaped structure, and the lower end of the second circuit board 20 of the first circuit board 10 is fixed on the bottom plate 30 .
  • the first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 are combined to form a dual-polarized radiation unit.
  • the first circuit board 10 includes a first horizontal plate 11 , and a first vertical plate 12 extends downward vertically from the middle of the first horizontal plate 11 .
  • the first horizontal plate 11 and the first vertical plate 12 are integrally formed, of course, the first horizontal plate 11 and the first vertical plate 12 may be independent to form the first circuit board 10 .
  • the second circuit board 20 includes a second horizontal plate 21 , and a second vertical plate 22 extends downward vertically from the middle of the second horizontal plate 21 .
  • the second horizontal plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 are integrally formed.
  • the second horizontal plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 may be independent to form the first circuit board 10 .
  • the first vertical plate 12 of the first circuit board 10 and the second vertical plate 22 of the second circuit board 20 are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure.
  • the middle of the lower end of the first vertical plate 12 is provided with a first fitting groove 121
  • the middle of the upper end of the second vertical plate 22 is provided with a second fitting groove 221 .
  • the first riser 12 and the second riser 22 are cross-fitted to form an X-shaped structure through the first fitting groove 121 and the second fitting groove 221 respectively, that is, the first riser 12 can be perpendicular to the top of the second riser 22 Insert into the middle of the second riser 22 .
  • the lower ends of the first vertical plate 12 and the second vertical plate 22 are fixed to the bottom plate 30 .
  • the four boundary lines 70 indicated by the upper circle in the middle of the first horizontal board 11 and the second horizontal board 21 are welded to each other by means of welding or the like. Connection is fixed. Therefore, the metal copper foils on the radiation arms 40 in the two polarization directions are integrated, which is beneficial to the stability of the structure, and at the same time, the structure can widen the working bandwidth of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 .
  • the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 21 are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms 40 to form a dual-polarized radiation unit, and the radiation arms 40 include a plurality of horizontally arranged radiation arms 40 .
  • the broadband line segment 41 is connected with two adjacent broadband line segments 41 by a curved thin strip line segment 42 .
  • the radiation arm 40 includes four horizontally arranged broadband line segments 41 and three thin-strip line segments 42 , and two adjacent broadband line segments 41 are respectively connected by one thin-strip line segment 42 . It should be pointed out that the number of the broadband line segments 41 and the thin-band line segments 42 is not limited, but can be set according to actual needs.
  • the length of the broadband line segment 41 is less than 0.25 wavelength of the high frequency operating frequency.
  • the broadband line segment 41 is rectangular or square.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention divides the X-shaped radiation arm into a plurality of broadband line segments 41 according to the frequency band to be filtered, so that the length of each broadband line segment 41 is less than 0.25 the wavelength of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave that needs to be filtered,
  • the segmented wide lines are connected with the bent thin strip line segment 42.
  • the coupled thin strip line segment 42 has a strong inhibitory effect on high-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the high-frequency current cannot pass through. It is much smaller than the electrical length required for high-frequency resonance, so high-frequency resonance cannot be achieved, and the inductive current is very weak, so the filtering characteristics can be realized.
  • the length of the coupled thin strip line segment 42 is generally controlled to be 0.1 ⁇ 0.25 wavelengths of the high frequency operating frequency.
  • the present invention can also adjust the length and gap of the elongated strip line segment 42 to optimize filtering performance.
  • the lengths and shapes of the thin strip line segments 42 are the same or different to achieve broadband filtering characteristics.
  • the first riser 12 and the second riser 22 are both provided with a feeder balun 50 , and the lower end of the feeder balun 50 is electrically connected to the bottom plate 30 , that is, the lower end of the feeder balun 50 is connected to the feeder network.
  • the upper end of the feeding balun 50 is electrically connected to the radiating arm 40 , that is, the upper end of the feeding balun 50 is connected to the radiating arm 40 for feeding.
  • the invention transforms the X-type base station antenna into a broadband radiation unit with broadband filtering characteristics.
  • the filtering function is realized by segmenting the radiation arm 40 of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 and adding a meandering line filtering structure, and by adjusting the lengths and positions of the multiple meandering lines to realize the broadband filtering characteristic, when the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed, the filtering function can be effectively The influence of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 on the high-frequency radiation performance is reduced, so that the multi-frequency, miniaturization and portability of the antenna can be realized.
  • each resonance structure 60 includes a horizontal strip 61 , and a vertical strip 62 extends downwardly adjacent to the inner side of the horizontal strip 61 .
  • the horizontal strip 61 is located above the first wide-band line segment 411 in the middle of the first horizontal plate 11 or the second horizontal plate 21
  • the vertical long strip 62 is located inside the first wide-band line segment 411 .
  • the working bandwidth of the X-shaped antenna is generally very narrow. In order to widen its working frequency bandwidth, a resonant structure 60 is added in the middle of the X-shaped radiating arm to increase the bandwidth. waves converge.
  • the feeding balun 50 adopts an integrated balun feeding, including a microstrip line 51 , a plurality of impedance matching branches 52 , a slot line 53 , and two meander lines 54 and two coupling structures 55.
  • the microstrip line 51 is preferably a 50-ohm microstrip line.
  • the microstrip line 51 and the plurality of impedance matching branches 52 are located on the back of the first riser 12 and the second riser 22 and are connected to each other.
  • the slot line 53 , the two meander lines 54 and the two coupling structures 55 are located on the front surfaces of the first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 and are connected to each other.
  • the signal is fed through the microstrip line 51 , passes through a plurality of impedance matching branches 52 and is coupled to the slot line 53 on the back side through the coupling slot, and then feeds the radiating arm 40 through two meander lines 54 and two coupling structures 55 .
  • 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the feeding part of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the two coupling structures 55 are fed to the first broadband line segment 411 through the slot, and the two resonant structures 60 are coupled to match the impedance, which adds two Coupling between polarized radiating arms for modulation of oscillator standing waves.
  • the bottom plate 30 is provided with a plurality of openings 31 , so that the lower ends of the first vertical plate 12 and the second vertical plate 22 can be inserted into the openings 31 for fixing.
  • the bottom surface of the bottom plate 30 can be used as a conductor medium by laying copper or the like, and the ground terminal (GND) of the feeding balun 50 is electrically connected to the bottom surface of the bottom plate 30 by welding or other methods, and also plays the role of fixing the radiation unit.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of two filtering structures in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 21 of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms 40 to form Dual-polarized radiation unit, in this embodiment, the radiation arm 40 includes three horizontally arranged broadband line segments 41 and two curved thin-strip line segments 42, and two adjacent broadband line segments 41 are respectively connected by one thin-strip line segment 42 , which together constitute two filtering structures.
  • the 10 is a schematic diagram of a filter structure in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention.
  • the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 21 of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms 40 to form a double Polarized radiation unit, in this embodiment, the radiation arm 40 includes two horizontally arranged broadband line segments 41 and a bent thin strip line segment 42, and the two broadband line segments 41 are respectively connected by a thin strip line segment 42, which together constitute a filter structure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a high-frequency nested array of a preferred base station antenna of the present invention.
  • the base station antenna 200 adopts the low-frequency radiation unit 100 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 10 .
  • the base station antenna 200 includes a reflector 300 , and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 400 and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units 100 are distributed on the reflector plate 300 , and the low-frequency radiation units 100 are nested and inserted into the high-frequency radiation units 400 in the middle.
  • FIG. 11 is a small array structure using the radiation unit, the small array includes a low frequency radiation unit 100, eight high frequency radiation units 400 and a reflector 300, the low frequency radiation unit 100 and the high frequency radiation unit 400 are both It is arranged on the reflection plate 300 , and the low-frequency radiation unit 100 is arranged in the middle of the eight high-frequency radiation units 400 .
  • the nested combination of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 and the high-frequency radiation unit 400 of the present invention has no influence on the pattern of the high-frequency unit at the same time. It should be reminded that the arrangement and number of the low frequency radiation units 100 and the high frequency radiation units 400 of the base station antenna 200 of the present invention are not limited, and can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs.
  • Fig. 12 is the comparison of the pattern of nested high frequency and pure high frequency at 1.9GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention
  • Fig. 13 is the comparison of the pattern of nested high frequency and pure high frequency of the base station antenna of the present invention at 2.3GHz
  • Fig. 14 It is the comparison of the nested high frequency and pure high frequency pattern at 2.6GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention.
  • the 1# state curve is the pure high frequency pattern of the small array in Figure 11 without low frequency
  • the 3# state curve is the high frequency pattern of the high and low frequency nested array in Figure 11. It can be seen that at 1.9GHz, 2.3GHz At the operating frequency of 2.6GHz, the high-frequency pattern under nesting is basically the same as the pure high-frequency pattern.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a first circuit board, a second circuit board and a bottom plate, the first circuit board includes a first horizontal plate and a first vertical plate; the second circuit board includes a second horizontal plate and a second Vertical plates, the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are both provided with feeding baluns, which are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure; the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiating arms
  • the radiation arm includes a plurality of horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent broadband line segments are connected by a curved thin strip line segment; the radiation arm is segmented into multiple broadband line segments.
  • the coupled thin-strip line segment Due to the electrical length required for resonance, high-frequency resonance cannot be performed.
  • the coupled thin-strip line segment has a strong inhibitory effect on high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which together realize the filtering function of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. , which can effectively reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance, so that the multi-frequency and miniaturization of the antenna can be realized.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a low frequency radiation unit, comprising a first circuit board, a second circuit board, and a bottom board. The first circuit board comprises a first horizontal board and a first vertical board; the second circuit board comprises a second horizontal board and a second vertical board; the first vertical board and the second vertical board are cross-fitted to each other to form an X-shaped structure, and the lower ends of the first vertical board and the second vertical board are fixed on the bottom board; the first horizontal board and the second horizontal board are respectively provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms to form a dual-polarized radiation unit, each of the radiation arms comprises multiple horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent broadband line segments are connected to each other by means of one bent thin band line segment; the first vertical board and the second vertical board are respectively provided with a feed balun, the lower ends of the feed baluns being electrically connected to the bottom board, and the upper ends of the feed baluns being electrically connected to the radiation arms. Thus, the low frequency radiation unit of the present invention has a filter function, and influence of the low frequency radiation unit on high frequency radiation performance can be effectively reduced when high and low frequency antennas are nested and arrayed, such that an antenna can be multi-frequency and miniaturized.

Description

低频辐射单元及基站天线Low frequency radiation unit and base station antenna 技术领域technical field
本发明涉及移动通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种低频辐射单元及基站天线。The present invention relates to the technical field of mobile communication, and in particular, to a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna.
背景技术Background technique
移动无线通信技术发展迅速，2G(GSM)、3G(WCDMA、TD-SCDMA、CDMA2000)、4G(TDD-LTE、FDD-LTE)已经普遍融入到人们的日常生活中，5G移动通信网络部署也已提上日程，移动无线通信呈现快速发展且多种技术共存的态势。The rapid development of mobile wireless communication technology, 2G (GSM), 3G (WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, CDMA2000), 4G (TDD-LTE, FDD-LTE) have been widely integrated into people's daily life, 5G mobile communication network deployment has also been On the agenda, mobile wireless communication presents a trend of rapid development and coexistence of multiple technologies.
基站天线是移动无线通信系统中最前端的无源器件，其接收用户移动终端发来的无线电信息，同时向用户移动终端发送无线电信息，是移动无线通信系统中重要的信息枢纽。同时受制于天面环境紧张，基站天线的多频化、小型化、轻便化成为市场紧迫需求。The base station antenna is the most front-end passive device in the mobile wireless communication system. It receives radio information from the user's mobile terminal and sends radio information to the user's mobile terminal. It is an important information hub in the mobile wireless communication system. At the same time, subject to the tense sky environment, the multi-frequency, miniaturization and portability of base station antennas have become urgent market demands.
为了实现基站天线的多频化和小型化，天线中的高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元摆放更加紧凑，高频辐射单元进入到低频辐射单元的下方空间，高频辐射单元辐射的电磁波信号会被低频辐射单元的接收和重新散射，造成高频辐射单元的方向图发生严重畸变，导致基站天线的信号覆盖质量下降，甚至使用户移动终端网络中断。In order to realize the multi-frequency and miniaturization of the base station antenna, the high-frequency radiation unit and the low-frequency radiation unit in the antenna are placed more compactly. The high-frequency radiation unit enters the space below the low-frequency radiation unit, and the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the high-frequency radiation unit will It is received and re-scattered by the low-frequency radiation unit, causing serious distortion of the pattern of the high-frequency radiation unit, resulting in the degradation of the signal coverage quality of the base station antenna, and even the interruption of the user's mobile terminal network.
综上可知，现有技术在实际使用上显然存在不便与缺陷，所以有必要加以改进。To sum up, it can be seen that the existing technology obviously has inconvenience and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种低频辐射单元及基站天线，所述低频辐射单元具有滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，从而能够实现天线的多频化、小型化。In view of the above-mentioned defects, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-frequency radiation unit and a base station antenna. The low-frequency radiation unit has a filtering function, and can effectively reduce the high-frequency radiation performance of the low-frequency radiation unit when the high- and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed. Therefore, the multi-frequency and miniaturization of the antenna can be realized.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种低频辐射单元，包括第一线路板、第二线路板和底板；In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a low-frequency radiation unit, comprising a first circuit board, a second circuit board and a bottom plate;
所述第一线路板包括第一横板，所述第一横板的中间处向下垂直延伸设有第一竖板；The first circuit board includes a first horizontal plate, and a first vertical plate extends downward vertically at the middle of the first horizontal plate;
所述第二线路板包括第二横板，所述第二横板的中间处向下垂直延伸设有第二竖板；The second circuit board includes a second horizontal plate, and a second vertical plate extends downward vertically from the middle of the second horizontal plate;
所述第一线路板的所述第一竖板和所述第二线路板的所述第二竖板相互交叉嵌合呈X型结构，并且所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板的下端固定于所述底板上；The first riser of the first circuit board and the second riser of the second circuit board are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure, and the first riser and the second riser The lower end is fixed on the bottom plate;
所述第一横板和所述第二横板上均设有左右对称的两个辐射臂以形成双极化辐射单元，所述辐射臂包括多个水平排列的宽带线段，相邻两个所述宽带线段由一个弯折状的细带线段连接；The first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms to form a dual-polarized radiation unit, the radiation arms include a plurality of horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent The broadband line segment is connected by a bent thin strip line segment;
所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板上均设有馈电巴伦，所述馈电巴伦的下端电气连接所述底板，所述馈电巴伦的上端电气连接所述辐射臂。A feeder balun is provided on both the first and second risers, the lower end of the feeder balun is electrically connected to the bottom plate, and the upper end of the feeder balun is electrically connected to the radiating arm .
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述第一横板和所述第二横板的上端中间处均设有左右对称的两个谐振结构。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, two resonant structures with left-right symmetry are provided in the middle of the upper ends of the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，每个所述谐振结构包括一个横向长条，所述横向长条邻近内侧向下延伸设有一个竖向长条；According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, each of the resonance structures includes a horizontal strip, and a vertical strip extends downward adjacent to the inner side of the horizontal strip;
所述横向长条位于所述第一横板或所述第二横板的中间位置的第一宽带线段的上方，所述竖向长条位于所述第一宽带线段的内侧。The horizontal strip is located above the first wide-band line segment in the middle position of the first horizontal plate or the second horizontal plate, and the vertical long strip is located inside the first wide-band line segment.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述馈电巴伦包括有微带线、多个阻抗匹配枝节、槽线、两个曲折线和两个耦合结构；According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the feed balun includes a microstrip line, a plurality of impedance matching branches, a slot line, two meander lines and two coupling structures;
所述微带线和多个所述阻抗匹配枝节位于所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板的背面且相互连接；the microstrip line and a plurality of the impedance matching branches are located on the back of the first riser and the second riser and are connected to each other;
所述槽线、两个所述曲折线和两个所述耦合结构位于所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板的正面且相互连接；the slot line, the two zigzag lines and the two coupling structures are located on the front surfaces of the first circuit board and the second circuit board and are connected to each other;
信号通过所述微带线和所述阻抗匹配枝节耦合到所述槽线，再经过两个所述曲折线和两个所述耦合结构馈电给所述辐射臂。The signal is coupled to the slot line through the microstrip line and the impedance matching branch, and then fed to the radiation arm through the two meander lines and the two coupling structures.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述细带线段的长度为0.1～0.25高频工作频率波长；和/或According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the length of the thin strip line segment is 0.1˜0.25 wavelengths of the high-frequency operating frequency; and/or
所述细带线段的长度和形状相同或不同。The strip line segments may be the same or different in length and shape.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述宽带线段的长度小于0.25高频工作频率波长；和/或According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the length of the broadband line segment is less than 0.25 high-frequency operating frequency wavelength; and/or
所述宽带线段呈长方形或正方形。The broadband line segment is rectangular or square.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述第一横板和所述第二横板的四个交界线处相互连接固定。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the four boundary lines of the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate are connected and fixed to each other.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述第一竖板的下端中间处设有第一嵌合槽，所述第二竖板的上端中间处设有第二嵌合槽；所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板分别通过所述第一嵌合槽和所述第二嵌合槽相互交叉嵌合成X型结构。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, a first fitting groove is formed in the middle of the lower end of the first vertical plate, and a second fitting groove is formed in the middle of the upper end of the second vertical plate; The vertical plate and the second vertical plate are respectively cross-fitted to form an X-shaped structure through the first fitting groove and the second fitting groove.
根据本发明所述的低频辐射单元，所述底板设有多个开孔，所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板的下端插入到所述开孔内；所述馈电巴伦的接地端与所述底板的底面进行电气连接。According to the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of openings, and the lower ends of the first riser and the second riser are inserted into the openings; The ground terminal is electrically connected to the bottom surface of the base plate.
本发明还提供一种基站天线，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如所述的低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。The present invention also provides a base station antenna, comprising a reflector, a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units as described above are distributed on the reflector, and the low-frequency radiation units are nested and inserted into the high-frequency radiation unit. the middle of the radiating element.
本发明低频辐射单元包括第一线路板、第二线路板和底板，第一线路板包括第一横板和第一竖板；第二线路板包括第二横板和第二竖板，第一竖板和第二竖板上均设有馈电巴伦并相互交叉嵌合呈X型结构；第一横板和第二横板上均设有左右对称的两个辐射臂以形成双极化辐射单元，辐射臂包括多个水平排列的宽带线段，相邻两个宽带线段由一个弯折状的细带线段连接；辐射臂分段成多个宽带线段之后远小于高频谐振所需要的电长度，因此无法进行高频谐振，同时耦合的细带线段对高频电磁波具有很强的抑制作用，共同实现对高频电磁波的滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，从而能够实现天线的多频化、小型化。The low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a first circuit board, a second circuit board and a bottom plate, the first circuit board includes a first horizontal plate and a first vertical plate; the second circuit board includes a second horizontal plate and a second vertical plate, the first Both the vertical plate and the second vertical plate are provided with feeding baluns, which are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure; the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiating arms to form dual polarization Radiation unit, the radiation arm includes a plurality of horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent broadband line segments are connected by a bent thin strip line segment; the radiation arm is segmented into a plurality of broadband line segments, which is much smaller than the electricity required for high-frequency resonance. Therefore, high-frequency resonance cannot be carried out. At the same time, the coupled thin-strip line segment has a strong inhibitory effect on high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which together realize the filtering function of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The influence of the radiation element on the high-frequency radiation performance can realize the multi-frequency and miniaturization of the antenna.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明优选低频辐射单元的立体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图2是本发明优选低频辐射单元的第一线路板的背面示意图；2 is a schematic view of the back of the first circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图3是本发明优选低频辐射单元的第一线路板的正面示意图；3 is a schematic front view of the first circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图4是本发明优选低频辐射单元的馈电部分的放大示意图；4 is an enlarged schematic view of the feeding part of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图5是本发明优选低频辐射单元的辐射臂上的滤波结构的放大示意图；5 is an enlarged schematic view of the filtering structure on the radiation arm of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图6是本发明优选低频辐射单元的第二线路板的背面示意图；6 is a schematic view of the back of the second circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图7是本发明优选低频辐射单元的第二线路板的正面示意图；7 is a schematic front view of the second circuit board of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图8是本发明优选低频辐射单元的底板的立体结构示意图；Fig. 8 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the bottom plate of the preferred low frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图9是本发明优选低频辐射单元中具有两个滤波结构的示意图；9 is a schematic diagram of two filtering structures in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图10是本发明优选低频辐射单元中具有一个滤波结构的示意图；10 is a schematic diagram of a filter structure in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention;
图11是本发明优选基站天线的高低频嵌套组阵的立体结构示意图；11 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a high and low frequency nested array of a preferred base station antenna of the present invention;
图12是本发明基站天线的嵌套高频与纯高频于1.9GHz方向图的对比；12 is a comparison of the nested high frequency and pure high frequency patterns at 1.9GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention;
图13是本发明基站天线的嵌套高频与纯高频于2.3GHz方向图的对比；13 is a comparison of the nested high frequency and pure high frequency patterns at 2.3GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention;
图14是本发明基站天线的嵌套高频与纯高频于2.6GHz方向图的对比。FIG. 14 is a comparison of the patterns of nested high frequency and pure high frequency at 2.6 GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention.
附图标记reference number
低频辐射单元100；   第一线路板10；       第一横板11；The low frequency radiation unit 100; The first circuit board 10; The first horizontal plate 11;
第一竖板12；        第一嵌合槽121；      第二线路板20；The first vertical plate 12; The first fitting groove 121; The second circuit board 20;
第二横板21；        第二竖板22；         第二嵌合槽221；The second horizontal plate 21; The second vertical plate 22; The second fitting groove 221;
底板30；            开孔31；             辐射臂40； Bottom plate 30; Opening 31; Radiating arm 40;
宽带线段41；        第一宽带线段411；    细带线段42； Broadband line segment 41; First broadband line segment 411; Thin band line segment 42;
馈电巴伦50；        谐振结构60；         微带线51； feed balun 50; resonant structure 60; microstrip line 51;
阻抗匹配枝节52；    槽线53；             曲折线54； impedance matching branch 52; slot line 53; meander line 54;
耦合结构55；        横向长条61；         竖向长条62； Coupling structure 55; Horizontal strip 61; Vertical strip 62;
交界线70；          基站天线200；        反射板300； Junction line 70; Base station antenna 200; Reflector 300;
高频辐射单元400。High frequency radiation unit 400 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
需要说明的，本说明书中针对“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“示例实施例”等的引用，指的是描述的该实施例可包括特定的特征、结构或特性，但是不是每个实施例必须包含这些特定特征、结构或特性。此外，这样的表述并非指的是同一个实施例。进一步，在结合实施例描述特定的特征、结构或特性时，不管有没有明确的描述，已经表明将这样的特征、结构或特性结合到其它实施例中是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内的。It should be noted that references in this specification to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "example embodiment", etc., mean that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not every Embodiments must contain these specific features, structures or characteristics. Furthermore, such expressions are not referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure or characteristic is described in conjunction with an embodiment, whether or not explicitly described, it has been shown that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to incorporate such feature, structure or characteristic into other embodiments .
此外，在说明书及后续的权利要求当中使用了某些词汇来指称特定组件或 部件，所属领域中具有通常知识者应可理解，制造商可以用不同的名词或术语来称呼同一个组件或部件。本说明书及后续的权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件或部件的方式，而是以组件或部件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。在通篇说明书及后续的权利要求书中所提及的“包括”和“包含”为一开放式的用语，故应解释成“包含但不限定于”。以外，“连接”一词在此系包含任何直接及间接的电气连接手段。间接的电气连接手段包括通过其它装置进行连接。In addition, certain terms are used in the description and the following claims to refer to specific components or components, and it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that manufacturers may use different terms or terms to refer to the same component or component. This specification and the following claims do not use the difference in name as a way of distinguishing components or parts, but use the difference in function of the components or parts as a criterion for distinguishing. References to "including" and "comprising" throughout the specification and subsequent claims are open-ended terms and should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". In addition, the term "connection" herein includes any direct and indirect means of electrical connection. Indirect electrical connection means include connection through other means.
为解决现有高低频嵌套组阵中高低频互耦问题，本发明将滤波器原理融合到辐射单元中，使低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元具有滤波特性，即抑制低频辐射单元对高频辐射单元辐射电磁波的接收，从而减弱低频辐射单元对高频信号的散射，于是低频频辐单元对高频频辐单元的互耦效应减弱，即实现高频辐射单元的透波。In order to solve the problem of high and low frequency mutual coupling in the existing high and low frequency nested array, the present invention integrates the filter principle into the radiation unit, so that the low frequency radiation unit has the filtering characteristics of the high frequency radiation unit, that is, the low frequency radiation unit is suppressed from the high frequency radiation unit. The unit radiates electromagnetic waves to reduce the scattering of high frequency signals by the low frequency radiation unit, so the mutual coupling effect of the low frequency radiation unit on the high frequency radiation unit is weakened, that is, the transmission of the high frequency radiation unit is realized.
图1～图10示出了本发明低频辐射单元的优选结构，所述低频辐射单元100包括第一线路板10、第二线路板20和底板30，所述第一线路板10、第二线路板20和底板30优选为PCB板。如图1所示，第一线路板10和第二线路板20分别为两个不同的极化方向的线天线，第一线路板10和第二线路板20中部互补开槽并相互交叉嵌合呈X型结构，且所述第一线路板10的第二线路板20的下端固定于底板30上。第一线路板10、第二线路板20组合成双极化辐射单元。1 to 10 show the preferred structure of the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention. The low-frequency radiation unit 100 includes a first circuit board 10, a second circuit board 20, and a bottom plate 30. The first circuit board 10, the second circuit board 10, the second circuit board Board 20 and base plate 30 are preferably PCB boards. As shown in FIG. 1 , the first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 are line antennas with two different polarization directions, respectively. The first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 have complementary grooves in the middle and are cross-fitted with each other. It has an X-shaped structure, and the lower end of the second circuit board 20 of the first circuit board 10 is fixed on the bottom plate 30 . The first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 are combined to form a dual-polarized radiation unit.
所述第一线路板10包括第一横板11，所述第一横板11的中间处向下垂直延伸设有第一竖板12。优选所述第一横板11和第一竖板12为一体成型，当然也可以是独立的第一横板11和第一竖板12组成第一线路板10。The first circuit board 10 includes a first horizontal plate 11 , and a first vertical plate 12 extends downward vertically from the middle of the first horizontal plate 11 . Preferably, the first horizontal plate 11 and the first vertical plate 12 are integrally formed, of course, the first horizontal plate 11 and the first vertical plate 12 may be independent to form the first circuit board 10 .
所述第二线路板20包括第二横板21，第二横板21的中间处向下垂直延伸设有第二竖板22。优选所述第二横板21和第二竖板22为一体成型，当然也可以是独立的第二横板21和第二竖板22组成第一线路板10。The second circuit board 20 includes a second horizontal plate 21 , and a second vertical plate 22 extends downward vertically from the middle of the second horizontal plate 21 . Preferably, the second horizontal plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 are integrally formed. Of course, the second horizontal plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 may be independent to form the first circuit board 10 .
如图1所示，所述第一线路板10的第一竖板12和第二线路板20的第二竖板22相互交叉嵌合呈X型结构。优选的是，第一竖板12的下端中间处设有第一嵌合槽121，第二竖板22的上端中间处设有第二嵌合槽221。第一竖板12和第二竖板22分别通过第一嵌合槽121和第二嵌合槽221相互交叉嵌合成X型结构，即第一竖板12可从第二竖板22的顶部垂直插入到第二竖板22的中部。并且，第一竖板12和第二竖板22的下端固定于底板30上。As shown in FIG. 1 , the first vertical plate 12 of the first circuit board 10 and the second vertical plate 22 of the second circuit board 20 are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure. Preferably, the middle of the lower end of the first vertical plate 12 is provided with a first fitting groove 121 , and the middle of the upper end of the second vertical plate 22 is provided with a second fitting groove 221 . The first riser 12 and the second riser 22 are cross-fitted to form an X-shaped structure through the first fitting groove 121 and the second fitting groove 221 respectively, that is, the first riser 12 can be perpendicular to the top of the second riser 22 Insert into the middle of the second riser 22 . In addition, the lower ends of the first vertical plate 12 and the second vertical plate 22 are fixed to the bottom plate 30 .
如图1所示，优选第一线路板10和第二线路板20组合之后，第一横板11和第二横板21的中间上部圆圈所示的四个交界线70处相互通过焊接等方式连接固定。于是两个极化方向辐射臂40上的金属铜箔组成一体，组成一体利于结构稳定，同时该结构可拓宽低频辐射单元100的工作带宽。As shown in FIG. 1 , preferably, after the first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 are combined, the four boundary lines 70 indicated by the upper circle in the middle of the first horizontal board 11 and the second horizontal board 21 are welded to each other by means of welding or the like. Connection is fixed. Therefore, the metal copper foils on the radiation arms 40 in the two polarization directions are integrated, which is beneficial to the stability of the structure, and at the same time, the structure can widen the working bandwidth of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 .
如图1～图7所示，所述第一横板11和第二横板21上均设有左右对称的两个辐射臂40以形成双极化辐射单元，辐射臂40包括多个水平排列的宽带线段41，相邻两个宽带线段41由一个弯折状的细带线段42连接。本实施例中，辐射臂40包括四个水平排列的宽带线段41和三个细带线段42，相邻两个宽带线段41分别由一个细带线段42连接。需指出的是，所述宽带线段41和细带线段42的个数并不受限制，而是可根据实际需要设定。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 , the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 21 are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms 40 to form a dual-polarized radiation unit, and the radiation arms 40 include a plurality of horizontally arranged radiation arms 40 . The broadband line segment 41 is connected with two adjacent broadband line segments 41 by a curved thin strip line segment 42 . In this embodiment, the radiation arm 40 includes four horizontally arranged broadband line segments 41 and three thin-strip line segments 42 , and two adjacent broadband line segments 41 are respectively connected by one thin-strip line segment 42 . It should be pointed out that the number of the broadband line segments 41 and the thin-band line segments 42 is not limited, but can be set according to actual needs.
优选的是，所述宽带线段41的长度小于0.25高频工作频率波长。宽带线段41呈长方形或正方形。如图5所示，本发明低频辐射单元100根据需要滤波的频段，将X型辐射臂进行分段成多个宽带线段41，使每个宽带线段41长度小于0.25需要滤波的高频电磁波波长，将分段的宽线用弯折的细带线段42连接起来，耦合的细带线段42对高频电磁波具有很强的抑制作用，高频电流无法通过，同时宽带线段41由于分段之后的长度远小于高频谐振所需要的电长度，因此无法高频谐振，感性的电流非常弱，于是可实现滤波特性。Preferably, the length of the broadband line segment 41 is less than 0.25 wavelength of the high frequency operating frequency. The broadband line segment 41 is rectangular or square. As shown in FIG. 5 , the low-frequency radiation unit 100 of the present invention divides the X-shaped radiation arm into a plurality of broadband line segments 41 according to the frequency band to be filtered, so that the length of each broadband line segment 41 is less than 0.25 the wavelength of the high-frequency electromagnetic wave that needs to be filtered, The segmented wide lines are connected with the bent thin strip line segment 42. The coupled thin strip line segment 42 has a strong inhibitory effect on high-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the high-frequency current cannot pass through. It is much smaller than the electrical length required for high-frequency resonance, so high-frequency resonance cannot be achieved, and the inductive current is very weak, so the filtering characteristics can be realized.
优选的是，耦合的细带线段42长度一般控制为0.1～0.25高频工作频率波长。本发明还可对细长的细带线段42的长度和缝隙进行调节，以优化滤波性能。并且，细带线段42的长度和形状相同或不同，以实现宽频滤波特性。Preferably, the length of the coupled thin strip line segment 42 is generally controlled to be 0.1˜0.25 wavelengths of the high frequency operating frequency. The present invention can also adjust the length and gap of the elongated strip line segment 42 to optimize filtering performance. Also, the lengths and shapes of the thin strip line segments 42 are the same or different to achieve broadband filtering characteristics.
所述第一竖板12和第二竖板22上均设有馈电巴伦50，所述馈电巴伦50的下端电气连接底板30，即馈电巴伦50的下端与馈电网络进行馈电连接，馈电巴伦50的上端电气连接辐射臂40，即馈电巴伦50的上端与辐射臂40进行馈电连接。The first riser 12 and the second riser 22 are both provided with a feeder balun 50 , and the lower end of the feeder balun 50 is electrically connected to the bottom plate 30 , that is, the lower end of the feeder balun 50 is connected to the feeder network. For feeding connection, the upper end of the feeding balun 50 is electrically connected to the radiating arm 40 , that is, the upper end of the feeding balun 50 is connected to the radiating arm 40 for feeding.
本发明将X型基站天线改造成一种具有宽频滤波特性的宽频辐射单元。通过将低频辐射单元100的辐射臂40进行分段并加入弯折线滤波结构实现滤波功能，通过调节多个弯折线的长度和位置实现宽频滤波特性，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元100对高频辐射性能的影响，从而能够实现天线的多频化、小型化和便携化。The invention transforms the X-type base station antenna into a broadband radiation unit with broadband filtering characteristics. The filtering function is realized by segmenting the radiation arm 40 of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 and adding a meandering line filtering structure, and by adjusting the lengths and positions of the multiple meandering lines to realize the broadband filtering characteristic, when the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas are nested and arrayed, the filtering function can be effectively The influence of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 on the high-frequency radiation performance is reduced, so that the multi-frequency, miniaturization and portability of the antenna can be realized.
优选的是，所述第一横板11和第二横板21的上端中间处均设有左右对称 的两个谐振结构60。如图4所示，每个谐振结构60包括一个横向长条61，横向长条61邻近内侧向下延伸设有一个竖向长条62。横向长条61位于第一横板11或第二横板21的中间位置的第一宽带线段411的上方，竖向长条62位于第一宽带线段411的内侧。X型结构的天线工作带宽一般很窄，为拓宽其工作频率带宽，在X型辐射臂中间添加谐振结构60以增加带宽，同时馈电采用耦合馈电结构，且巴伦上添加弯折线对驻波进行收敛。Preferably, two resonant structures 60 symmetrical to each other are provided at the middle of the upper ends of the first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 21. As shown in FIG. 4 , each resonance structure 60 includes a horizontal strip 61 , and a vertical strip 62 extends downwardly adjacent to the inner side of the horizontal strip 61 . The horizontal strip 61 is located above the first wide-band line segment 411 in the middle of the first horizontal plate 11 or the second horizontal plate 21 , and the vertical long strip 62 is located inside the first wide-band line segment 411 . The working bandwidth of the X-shaped antenna is generally very narrow. In order to widen its working frequency bandwidth, a resonant structure 60 is added in the middle of the X-shaped radiating arm to increase the bandwidth. waves converge.
优选的是，如图2～图7所示，所述馈电巴伦50采用集成的巴伦馈电，包括有微带线51、多个阻抗匹配枝节52、槽线53、两个曲折线54和两个耦合结构55。所述微带线51优选为50欧姆微带线。微带线51和多个阻抗匹配枝节52位于第一竖板12和第二竖板22的背面且相互连接。槽线53、两个曲折线54和两个耦合结构55位于第一线路板10和第二线路板20的正面且相互连接。信号通过微带线51馈入，经多个阻抗匹配枝节52后通过耦合缝隙耦合到背面的槽线53，再经过两个曲折线54和两个耦合结构55馈电给辐射臂40。图4是本发明优选低频辐射单元的馈电部分的放大示意图，两个耦合结构55通过缝隙馈电给第一宽带线段411，两个谐振结构60通过耦合对阻抗进行匹配，其增加了2个极化辐射臂之间的耦合，用于调节振子驻波。Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 , the feeding balun 50 adopts an integrated balun feeding, including a microstrip line 51 , a plurality of impedance matching branches 52 , a slot line 53 , and two meander lines 54 and two coupling structures 55. The microstrip line 51 is preferably a 50-ohm microstrip line. The microstrip line 51 and the plurality of impedance matching branches 52 are located on the back of the first riser 12 and the second riser 22 and are connected to each other. The slot line 53 , the two meander lines 54 and the two coupling structures 55 are located on the front surfaces of the first circuit board 10 and the second circuit board 20 and are connected to each other. The signal is fed through the microstrip line 51 , passes through a plurality of impedance matching branches 52 and is coupled to the slot line 53 on the back side through the coupling slot, and then feeds the radiating arm 40 through two meander lines 54 and two coupling structures 55 . 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the feeding part of the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention, the two coupling structures 55 are fed to the first broadband line segment 411 through the slot, and the two resonant structures 60 are coupled to match the impedance, which adds two Coupling between polarized radiating arms for modulation of oscillator standing waves.
如图1和图8所示，所述底板30设有多个开孔31，方便第一竖板12和第二竖板22的下端插入到开孔31内固定。底板30的底面可以铺铜等方式作为导体介质，馈电巴伦50的接地端(GND)与底板30的底面进行焊接等方式电气连接，同时也起到固定辐射单元的作用。As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 8 , the bottom plate 30 is provided with a plurality of openings 31 , so that the lower ends of the first vertical plate 12 and the second vertical plate 22 can be inserted into the openings 31 for fixing. The bottom surface of the bottom plate 30 can be used as a conductor medium by laying copper or the like, and the ground terminal (GND) of the feeding balun 50 is electrically connected to the bottom surface of the bottom plate 30 by welding or other methods, and also plays the role of fixing the radiation unit.
图9是本发明优选低频辐射单元中具有两个滤波结构的示意图，所述低频辐射单元100的第一横板11和第二横板21上均设有左右对称的两个辐射臂40以形成双极化辐射单元，本实施例中，辐射臂40包括三个水平排列的宽带线段41和两个弯折状的细带线段42，相邻两个宽带线段41分别由一个细带线段42连接，共同构成两个滤波结构。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of two filtering structures in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention. The first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 21 of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms 40 to form Dual-polarized radiation unit, in this embodiment, the radiation arm 40 includes three horizontally arranged broadband line segments 41 and two curved thin-strip line segments 42, and two adjacent broadband line segments 41 are respectively connected by one thin-strip line segment 42 , which together constitute two filtering structures.
图10是本发明优选低频辐射单元中具有一个滤波结构的示意图，所述低频辐射单元100的第一横板11和第二横板21上均设有左右对称的两个辐射臂40以形成双极化辐射单元，本实施例中，辐射臂40包括两个水平排列的宽带线段41和一个弯折状的细带线段42，两个宽带线段41分别由一个细带线段42连接，共同构成一个滤波结构。10 is a schematic diagram of a filter structure in the preferred low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention. The first horizontal plate 11 and the second horizontal plate 21 of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms 40 to form a double Polarized radiation unit, in this embodiment, the radiation arm 40 includes two horizontally arranged broadband line segments 41 and a bent thin strip line segment 42, and the two broadband line segments 41 are respectively connected by a thin strip line segment 42, which together constitute a filter structure.
图11是本发明优选基站天线的高低频嵌套组阵的立体结构示意图，所述基站天线200采用如上述图1～图10所示的低频辐射单元100。具体而言，所述基站天线200，包括有反射板300，反射板300上分布设有多个高频辐射单元400和多个低频辐射单元100，低频辐射单元100嵌套插入高频辐射单元400的中间。FIG. 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a high-frequency nested array of a preferred base station antenna of the present invention. The base station antenna 200 adopts the low-frequency radiation unit 100 shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 10 . Specifically, the base station antenna 200 includes a reflector 300 , and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units 400 and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units 100 are distributed on the reflector plate 300 , and the low-frequency radiation units 100 are nested and inserted into the high-frequency radiation units 400 in the middle.
图11是一种使用该辐射单元的小阵列结构，所述小阵列包括一个低频辐射单元100、八个高频辐射单元400和反射板300，所述低频辐射单元100和高频辐射单元400均设置于反射板300上，并且低频辐射单元100设置于八个高频辐射单元400的中间。本发明低频辐射单元100和高频辐射单元400的嵌套组合，同时对高频单元的方向图无影响。需提醒的是，本发明基站天线200的低频辐射单元100和高频辐射单元400的排列和个数不限，可以根据实际需要任意设定。FIG. 11 is a small array structure using the radiation unit, the small array includes a low frequency radiation unit 100, eight high frequency radiation units 400 and a reflector 300, the low frequency radiation unit 100 and the high frequency radiation unit 400 are both It is arranged on the reflection plate 300 , and the low-frequency radiation unit 100 is arranged in the middle of the eight high-frequency radiation units 400 . The nested combination of the low-frequency radiation unit 100 and the high-frequency radiation unit 400 of the present invention has no influence on the pattern of the high-frequency unit at the same time. It should be reminded that the arrangement and number of the low frequency radiation units 100 and the high frequency radiation units 400 of the base station antenna 200 of the present invention are not limited, and can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs.
图12是本发明基站天线的嵌套高频与纯高频于1.9GHz方向图的对比，图13是本发明基站天线的嵌套高频与纯高频于2.3GHz方向图的对比，图14是本发明基站天线的嵌套高频与纯高频于2.6GHz方向图的对比。其中，1#状态曲线为图11小阵列不带低频的纯高频方向图，3#状态曲线为图11高低频嵌套组阵的高频方向图，可以看出，在1.9GHz、2.3GHz和2.6GHz的工作频率下，嵌套下的高频方向图和纯高频方向图基本一致。Fig. 12 is the comparison of the pattern of nested high frequency and pure high frequency at 1.9GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention, Fig. 13 is the comparison of the pattern of nested high frequency and pure high frequency of the base station antenna of the present invention at 2.3GHz, Fig. 14 It is the comparison of the nested high frequency and pure high frequency pattern at 2.6GHz of the base station antenna of the present invention. Among them, the 1# state curve is the pure high frequency pattern of the small array in Figure 11 without low frequency, and the 3# state curve is the high frequency pattern of the high and low frequency nested array in Figure 11. It can be seen that at 1.9GHz, 2.3GHz At the operating frequency of 2.6GHz, the high-frequency pattern under nesting is basically the same as the pure high-frequency pattern.
综上所述，本发明低频辐射单元包括第一线路板、第二线路板和底板，第一线路板包括第一横板和第一竖板；第二线路板包括第二横板和第二竖板，第一竖板和第二竖板上均设有馈电巴伦并相互交叉嵌合呈X型结构；第一横板和第二横板上均设有左右对称的两个辐射臂以形成双极化辐射单元，辐射臂包括多个水平排列的宽带线段，相邻两个宽带线段由一个弯折状的细带线段连接；辐射臂分段成多个宽带线段之后远小于高频谐振所需要的电长度，因此无法进行高频谐振，同时耦合的细带线段对高频电磁波具有很强的抑制作用，共同实现对高频电磁波的滤波功能，在高低频天线嵌套组阵时，能够有效降低低频辐射单元对高频辐射性能的影响，从而能够实现天线的多频化、小型化。To sum up, the low-frequency radiation unit of the present invention includes a first circuit board, a second circuit board and a bottom plate, the first circuit board includes a first horizontal plate and a first vertical plate; the second circuit board includes a second horizontal plate and a second Vertical plates, the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are both provided with feeding baluns, which are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure; the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiating arms To form a dual-polarized radiation unit, the radiation arm includes a plurality of horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent broadband line segments are connected by a curved thin strip line segment; the radiation arm is segmented into multiple broadband line segments. Due to the electrical length required for resonance, high-frequency resonance cannot be performed. At the same time, the coupled thin-strip line segment has a strong inhibitory effect on high-frequency electromagnetic waves, which together realize the filtering function of high-frequency electromagnetic waves. , which can effectively reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation performance, so that the multi-frequency and miniaturization of the antenna can be realized.
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。Of course, the present invention can also have other various embodiments, without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding Changes and deformations should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种低频辐射单元，其特征在于，包括第一线路板、第二线路板和底板；A low-frequency radiation unit, characterized in that it comprises a first circuit board, a second circuit board and a bottom plate;
    所述第一线路板包括第一横板，所述第一横板的中间处向下垂直延伸设有第一竖板；The first circuit board includes a first horizontal plate, and a first vertical plate extends downward vertically at the middle of the first horizontal plate;
    所述第二线路板包括第二横板，所述第二横板的中间处向下垂直延伸设有第二竖板；The second circuit board includes a second horizontal plate, and a second vertical plate extends downward vertically from the middle of the second horizontal plate;
    所述第一线路板的所述第一竖板和所述第二线路板的所述第二竖板相互交叉嵌合呈X型结构，并且所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板的下端固定于所述底板上；The first riser of the first circuit board and the second riser of the second circuit board are cross-fitted with each other to form an X-shaped structure, and the first riser and the second riser The lower end is fixed on the bottom plate;
    所述第一横板和所述第二横板上均设有左右对称的两个辐射臂以形成双极化辐射单元，所述辐射臂包括多个水平排列的宽带线段，相邻两个所述宽带线段由一个弯折状的细带线段连接；The first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate are provided with two left-right symmetrical radiation arms to form a dual-polarized radiation unit, the radiation arms include a plurality of horizontally arranged broadband line segments, and two adjacent The broadband line segment is connected by a bent thin strip line segment;
    所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板上均设有馈电巴伦，所述馈电巴伦的下端电气连接所述底板，所述馈电巴伦的上端电气连接所述辐射臂。A feeder balun is provided on both the first and second risers, the lower end of the feeder balun is electrically connected to the bottom plate, and the upper end of the feeder balun is electrically connected to the radiating arm .
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一横板和所述第二横板的上端中间处均设有左右对称的两个谐振结构。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, two left-right symmetrical resonance structures are provided in the middle of the upper ends of the first horizontal plate and the second horizontal plate.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，每个所述谐振结构包括一个横向长条，所述横向长条邻近内侧向下延伸设有一个竖向长条；The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 2, wherein each of the resonance structures comprises a horizontal strip, and a vertical strip extends downward adjacent to the inner side of the horizontal strip;
    所述横向长条位于所述第一横板或所述第二横板的中间位置的第一宽带线段的上方，所述竖向长条位于所述第一宽带线段的内侧。The horizontal strip is located above the first wide-band line segment in the middle position of the first horizontal plate or the second horizontal plate, and the vertical strip is located inside the first wide-band line segment.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述馈电巴伦包括有微带线、多个阻抗匹配枝节、槽线、两个曲折线和两个耦合结构；The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein the feeding balun comprises a microstrip line, a plurality of impedance matching branches, a slot line, two meander lines and two coupling structures;
    所述微带线和多个所述阻抗匹配枝节位于所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板的背面且相互连接；the microstrip line and a plurality of the impedance matching branches are located on the back of the first riser and the second riser and are connected to each other;
    所述槽线、两个所述曲折线和两个所述耦合结构位于所述第一线路板和所述第二线路板的正面且相互连接；the slot line, the two zigzag lines and the two coupling structures are located on the front surfaces of the first circuit board and the second circuit board and are connected to each other;
    信号通过所述微带线和所述阻抗匹配枝节耦合到所述槽线，再经过两个所述曲折线和两个所述耦合结构馈电给所述辐射臂。The signal is coupled to the slot line through the microstrip line and the impedance matching branch, and then fed to the radiation arm through the two meander lines and the two coupling structures.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述细带线段的长度为0.1～0.25高频工作频率波长；和/或The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein the length of the thin strip line segment is 0.1˜0.25 high-frequency operating frequency wavelength; and/or
    所述细带线段的长度和形状相同或不同。The strip line segments may be the same or different in length and shape.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述宽带线段的长度小于0.25高频工作频率波长；和/或The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein the length of the broadband line segment is less than 0.25 high-frequency operating frequency wavelength; and/or
    所述宽带线段呈长方形或正方形。The broadband line segment is rectangular or square.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一横板和所述第二横板的四个交界线处相互连接固定。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein the four boundary lines of the first transverse plate and the second transverse plate are connected and fixed to each other.
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述第一竖板的下端中间处设有第一嵌合槽，所述第二竖板的上端中间处设有第二嵌合槽；所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板分别通过所述第一嵌合槽和所述第二嵌合槽相互交叉嵌合成X型结构。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein a first fitting groove is formed in the middle of the lower end of the first vertical plate, and a second fitting groove is formed in the middle of the upper end of the second vertical plate ; The first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are respectively cross-fitted into an X-shaped structure through the first fitting groove and the second fitting groove.
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的低频辐射单元，其特征在于，所述底板设有多个开孔，所述第一竖板和所述第二竖板的下端插入到所述开孔内；所述馈电巴伦的接地端与所述底板的底面进行电气连接。The low-frequency radiation unit according to claim 1, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of openings, and the lower ends of the first riser and the second riser are inserted into the openings; the The ground terminal of the feeding balun is electrically connected to the bottom surface of the base plate.
  10. 一种基站天线，其特征在于，包括有反射板，所述反射板上分布设有多个高频辐射单元和多个如权利要求1～9任一项所述的低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元嵌套插入所述高频辐射单元的中间。A base station antenna, characterized in that it includes a reflector, and a plurality of high-frequency radiation units and a plurality of low-frequency radiation units according to any one of claims 1 to 9 are distributed on the reflector. The radiating element is nested and inserted in the middle of the high frequency radiating element.
PCT/CN2021/075799 2020-11-03 2021-02-07 Low frequency radiation unit and base station antenna WO2022095305A1 (en)

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