CN113555666B - Antenna unit and electronic device - Google Patents
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- CN113555666B CN113555666B CN202110779303.8A CN202110779303A CN113555666B CN 113555666 B CN113555666 B CN 113555666B CN 202110779303 A CN202110779303 A CN 202110779303A CN 113555666 B CN113555666 B CN 113555666B
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The application relates to an antenna unit and an electronic device, comprising: the dielectric substrate, the ground layer, the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the first director, the second director and the feed structure. The slit opening is subjected to coupling feed through the feed structure, the electromagnetic wave obtained by coupling the feed is reflected to the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm by the ground layer, so that the radiation directivity is improved further, and the radiation opening with gradual change rule formed by the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm can realize the radiation characteristic of ultra-wideband and is beneficial to flattening the reflection curve; in addition, the first director guides the direction of the first radiation arm for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, and the second director guides the direction of the second radiation arm for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, so that the radiation directivity and gain of the antenna unit can be improved, and the beam widening effect is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to an antenna unit and an electronic device.
Background
Antennas mainly play a role in transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves in radio equipment and are an indispensable part of radio technical equipment. However, the problems of low radiation gain and narrow frequency band of the antenna still exist in the current antenna unit, which limits the use of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides an antenna unit and electronic equipment, which can realize wide-band coverage and improve antenna gain.
An antenna unit, comprising:
a dielectric substrate having a first side and a second side disposed opposite each other;
the grounding layer is positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate, and a slit opening is formed in the edge of one side of the grounding layer;
the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm are respectively positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate and are respectively connected with the grounding layers positioned on two sides of the gap opening, the radiation opening formed by the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm is communicated with the gap opening, and the opening size of the radiation opening is increased in a preset gradual change rule in a direction deviating from the grounding layer;
the first director and the second director are respectively positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate, the first director is connected with the first radiation arm and used for guiding the direction of the first radiation arm to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals, and the second director is connected with the second radiation arm and used for guiding the direction of the second radiation arm to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals;
and the feed structure is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate and is used for coupling and feeding to the gap opening.
In addition, there is also provided an electronic apparatus including: the antenna unit comprises a shell and the antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit is accommodated in the shell.
The antenna unit and the electronic device include: the dielectric substrate, the ground layer, the first radiating arm, the second radiating arm, the first director, the second director and the feed structure. The grounding layer is positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate, and a slit opening is formed in the edge of one side of the grounding layer; the radiation opening formed by the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm is communicated with the gap opening, and the opening size of the radiation opening is increased in a direction deviating from the ground layer according to a preset gradual change rule; the first director is connected with the first radiation arm and used for guiding the direction of the first radiation arm for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, and the second director is connected with the second radiation arm and used for guiding the direction of the second radiation arm for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals; and the feed structure is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate and is used for coupling and feeding to the gap opening. Electromagnetic waves obtained by feeding and coupling the feed structure are reflected to the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm through the grounding layer, so that the radiation directivity is improved, and the radiation characteristic of the ultra-wideband can be realized and the flattening of the reflection curve is facilitated through the radiation opening with the gradual change rule formed by the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm; in addition, the first director guides the direction of the first radiation arm for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, and the second director guides the direction of the second radiation arm for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic wave signals, so that the radiation directivity and gain of the antenna unit can be improved, and the beam widening effect is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electronic device in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the variation of port scattering parameters of an antenna unit with frequency according to an embodiment;
FIG. 13 is far-field radiation patterns of E-plane and H-plane at 6.5GHz frequency point of an antenna element in an embodiment;
FIG. 14 is far-field radiation patterns of E-plane and H-plane at 8GHz frequency point of an antenna element in an embodiment;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;
fig. 17 is a front view of a housing assembly of the electronic device of fig. 1 in another embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
It will be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like, as used herein, may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element and should not be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.
The antenna unit of an embodiment of the present application is applied to an electronic device, and in an embodiment, the electronic device may be a communication module including a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a mobile internet device (Mobile Internet Device, MID), a wearable device (e.g. a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), or other antenna unit capable of being set. Alternatively, the antenna unit may be a UWB tag antenna, whereby the electronic device has a tag positioning function.
In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1, an electronic device 10 may include a display screen assembly 110, a housing assembly 120, and a controller. The display screen assembly 110 is fixed to the housing assembly 120, and forms an external structure of the electronic device together with the housing assembly 120. The housing assembly 120 may include a center frame and a rear cover. The middle frame may be a frame structure having a through hole. The middle frame can be accommodated in an accommodating space formed by the display screen assembly and the rear cover. The rear cover is used to form an outer contour of the electronic device. The rear cover may be integrally formed. In the forming process of the rear cover, a rear camera hole, a fingerprint identification module, an antenna unit mounting hole and other structures can be formed on the rear cover. The rear cover may be a non-metal rear cover, for example, a plastic rear cover, a ceramic rear cover, a 3D glass rear cover, or the like. The controller is capable of controlling the operation of the electronic device, etc. The display screen assembly may be used to display a picture or font and may be capable of providing an operator interface for a user.
In some embodiments, an antenna unit is integrated within the housing assembly 120, the antenna unit being capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves through the housing assembly 120.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit 200, where the antenna unit 200 includes a dielectric substrate 210, a ground layer 220, a first radiating arm 230, a second radiating arm 240, a first director, a second director, and a feeding structure (only the dielectric substrate 210, the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, and the second radiating arm 240 of one embodiment are shown in fig. 2).
In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 210 has a first side and a second side disposed opposite to each other. The first side may be used to provide a ground layer 220, first and second radiating arms 230, 240, first and second directors, and the second side may be used to provide a feed structure that feeds the ground layer 220 through the dielectric substrate 210. In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate 210 may be made of a material with a low dielectric constant, which is advantageous for increasing the antenna bandwidth. For example, the dielectric substrate 210 may be made of FR-4 board with a relative dielectric constant of 4.3.
In this embodiment, the ground layer 220 is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210, and a slit opening 300 is formed at an edge of one side of the ground layer 220.
The slot opening 300 is used for adjusting impedance matching of the antenna unit 200 and realizing coupling feeding through a feeding structure, and the slot opening 300 is also beneficial to realizing capacitive loading, so that the size of the whole ground layer 210 can be reduced, miniaturization of the antenna is realized, and the antenna is easy to integrate on various circuit boards without excessive size adjustment; the ground layer 220 is used as a ground plane of the antenna unit 200, and feeding thereof is achieved by electromagnetic coupling, specifically, the ground layer 220 obtains coupling feeding of the feeding structure 270 through the slot opening 300; meanwhile, the ground layer 220 is used as a reflector of the antenna unit 200 to reflect electromagnetic waves onto the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240, which is beneficial to further improving radiation directivity.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the projection shape of the ground layer 220 on the dielectric substrate 210 is a rectangular shape with a slit opening 300, and the slit opening 300 is symmetrical about a vertical center line Z of one long side of the ground layer 220, so that the ground layer 220 can generate symmetrical radiation signals after being coupled and fed by a feeding structure, which is beneficial to improving omnidirectional radiation characteristics.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the slit opening 300 includes a first slit 310 and a second slit 320 in communication, the first slit 310 being located on a side of the edge facing away from the boundary, the second slit 320 being located on a side of the edge near the boundary and extending onto the boundary, the first slit 310 having a size greater than the size of the second slit 320. The size of the first slot 310 is larger than that of the second slot 320, and the first slot 310 is located at one side of the edge of the ground layer 220 away from the boundary, so that the first slot 310 acts as a resonant cavity, and can match the impedance of the antenna, and the purpose of impedance matching is to adjust the equivalent impedance of the antenna to a target value; the second slit 320 extends to the boundary to form an open slit, which can play a role of coupling to affect the transmission condition of electromagnetic waves. Wherein, optionally, the first slit 310 is a circular slit, and functions as a circular resonant cavity; the second slot 320 is a rectangular slot, and the rectangular slot extends in a direction away from the circular slot and coincides with a part of the projection area of the feeding structure on the ground layer 220, so as to perform coupling feeding with the feeding structure. The diameter of the circular slot is one quarter of the wavelength of the slot line waveguide.
The material of the ground layer 220 may be a conductive material, such as a metal material, an alloy material, a conductive silica gel material, a graphite material, indium tin oxide, or the like, or a material having a high dielectric constant, such as glass, plastic, ceramic, or the like having a high dielectric constant.
In this embodiment, the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 and are respectively connected to the ground layer 220 located on two sides of the slot opening 300, the radiation opening (see the area a in fig. 2) formed by the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 is communicated with the slot opening 300, and the opening size of the radiation opening increases in a direction away from the ground layer 220 with a first gradual rule.
The first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 and are disposed on the same layer as the ground layer 220. The first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 are respectively connected to the ground layer 220 located at both sides of the slot opening 300, the radiation opening formed by the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 communicates with the slot opening 300, and when the slot opening 300 and the feeding structure are fed by coupling, the ground layer 220 obtains a feeding current and reflects electromagnetic waves to the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240, so that the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 respectively guide radiation of the electromagnetic waves reflected from the ground layer 220. Alternatively, the slit opening 300 and the radiation opening are symmetrical about the center line of the ground layer 220, respectively, and the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 are symmetrical about the center line, so that the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 symmetrically guide the radiation of the electromagnetic wave reflected from the ground layer 220, which is advantageous for the symmetry of radiation and improves the symmetry of the pattern.
The opening size of the radiation opening formed by the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 increases in a direction away from the ground layer 220 according to a preset gradual change rule, so that the distribution of the feed current on the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 has gradual change, which is favorable for flattening the improved reflection curve, and the ground layer 220, the first radiation arm 230, the second radiation arm 240 and the feed structure can form a gradual change antenna unit based on a Vivaldi antenna, which has the characteristic of ultra-wideband end-firing. It should be noted that, the opening width of the radiation opening should be not less than half the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency, the arm lengths and the arm widths of the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 may be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the materials of the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 may be conductive materials, and further, the materials may be the same as the ground layer 210.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 4 (fig. 4 illustrates only the dielectric substrate 210, the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 of one embodiment, and fig. 4 illustrates the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 as symmetrical with respect to the ground layer 210), the first radiating arm 230 includes a plurality of first connection segments 231 (fig. 4 illustrates two segments) and the plurality of first connection segments Xiang Beili and the second radiating arm 240 are gradually inclined in a direction close to the ground layer 220, and the second radiating arm 240 includes a plurality of second connection segments 241 (fig. 4 illustrates two segments and the plurality of second connection segments are gradually inclined in a direction away from the first radiating arm 230 and close to the ground layer 220, respectively).
The inclination directions of the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 gradually tend to be perpendicular to the direction of the central line of the ground layer 220, so that the opening size is increased in a sectional manner, and the increase of the opening size in the same connecting section corresponding to the same radiating opening area is gradually increased due to different inclination angles of different connecting sections, and the increase between the opening sizes corresponding to different radiating opening areas corresponding to different connecting sections has a jump point. Alternatively, when the number of the first and second connection sections 231 and 241 is sufficiently large so that the first and second connection sections 231 and 241 are sufficiently short, the first and second radiation arms 230 and 240 may also tend to be gradually bent, and thus, the preset gradual rule may also tend to increase in an exponential curve type.
The first connection section 231 and the second connection section 241 located closest to the ground layer 220 are respectively connected to the ground layer 220 on two sides of the slot opening 300, and the free ends of the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 are respectively located on the first connection section 231 and the second connection section 241 located closest to the ground layer 220. Alternatively, the first connection section 231 and the second connection section 241 located closest to the ground layer 220 may be parallel to the center line of the ground layer 220, respectively.
In some embodiments, the preset taper rule is a taper rule that the opening size increases exponentially; as shown in fig. 5 (only the dielectric substrate 210, the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, and the second radiating arm 240 of one embodiment are shown in fig. 5), the first radiating arm 230 is gradually bent in a direction away from the second radiating arm 240 and close to the ground layer 220, and the second radiating arm 240 is gradually bent in a direction away from the first radiating arm 230 and close to the ground layer 220. Since the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 are respectively bent gradually in opposite directions, the opening size is gradually increased in a direction away from the ground layer 220, and a curve type gradual increase rule is formed, so that the distribution of the feed current on the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 has gradual change, which is beneficial to flattening the improved reflection curve. Optionally, the preset gradual change rule is a gradual change rule that the opening size increases in an exponential curve, so that the distribution of the feeding current on the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 has an exponential curve gradual change, and the flattening of the reflection curve is further improved.
It should be noted that, the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 in the present embodiment may be other gradual change modes besides the gradual change rule in the above embodiment. The applicant has found, during the inventive work, that a circularly polarized antenna can also be realized in other gradual ways of the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240.
In this embodiment, the first director and the second director are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210, the first director is connected to the first radiating arm 230 and is used for guiding the direction of the first radiating arm 230 to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals, and the second director is connected to the second radiating arm 240 and is used for guiding the direction of the second radiating arm 240 to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals.
The first director and the second director are respectively located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 and are disposed on the same layer as the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, and the second radiating arm 240. The first director and the second director both have the directional radiation function of reinforcing electromagnetic waves, are connected with the first radiation arm 230 through the first director, and the second director is connected with the second radiation arm 240, so that the radiation direction of the electromagnetic waves on the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 can be reinforced, the deflection of the wave beams is realized, after the deflection angle of the wave beams is increased, the suppression effect of the ground layer 210 positioned at the rear on the wave beams is weakened, the radiation directivity and gain of the antenna units are improved, and the effect of expanding the wave beams is realized.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6 (fig. 6 exemplifies an embodiment in which the first guide arm and the second guide arm are perpendicular to the center line, respectively), the first director includes: the first guiding arm 251, the end of the first guiding arm 251 is connected with the free end of the first radiating arm 230 and forms an obtuse angle smaller than 180 ° with the first radiating arm 230 in the direction towards the ground layer 220; the second director includes: and a second guiding arm 261, wherein an end of the second guiding arm 261 is connected with a free end of the second radiating arm 240 and forms an obtuse angle smaller than 180 degrees with the second radiating arm 240 in a direction toward the ground layer 220.
The end of the first guiding arm 251 is connected to the free end of the first radiating arm 230, and the end of the second guiding arm 261 is connected to the free end of the second radiating arm 240, so that the ground layer 220 serves as a reflector, and the first guiding arm 251 and the second guiding arm 261 serve as primary directors corresponding to the ground layer 220, so that the antenna unit further has the radiation principle and the radiation characteristic of the yagi antenna on the basis of having the radiation principle and the radiation characteristic of the vivaldi antenna. Further, since the angle between the first guiding arm 251 and the first radiating arm 230 in the direction towards the ground layer 220 is an obtuse angle smaller than 180 °, the angle between the second guiding arm 261 and the second radiating arm 240 in the direction towards the ground layer 220 is an obtuse angle smaller than 180 °, directional radiation in which the angle between the first guiding arm 251 and the first radiating arm 230 in the direction towards the ground layer 220 is within the range of (90 ° -180 °) and the angle between the second guiding arm 261 and the second radiating arm 240 in the range of (90 ° -180 °) can be enhanced, and the gain of the antenna unit can be improved.
Wherein, optionally, as shown in fig. 6, the first director and the second director are symmetrical about the central line of the ground layer 220, and the first guide arm 251 and the second guide arm 261 are respectively perpendicular to the central line, so that the first guide arm 251 and the second guide arm 261 strengthen the direction of the directional radiation on the H plane, and the gain of the antenna on the H plane can be improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 7 (fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment in which the first director and the second director are symmetrical about a center line of the ground layer 220, and the third director arm 252 and the fourth director arm 262 are respectively parallel to the center line), the first director further includes: a third guiding arm 252 located on a side of the first radiating arm 230 close to the center line and extending in a direction away from the ground layer 220; the second director further comprises: a fourth director arm 262 is located on a side of the second radiating arm 240 close to the centre line and extends in a direction away from the ground plane 220.
The third guiding arm 252 is located on the gradient area of the first radiating arm 230 near the center line, the fourth guiding arm 262 is located on the gradient area of the second radiating arm 240 near the center line, so that the first radiating arm 230 and the second radiating arm 240 respectively serve as reflectors, the third guiding arm 252 serves as a first-stage director corresponding to the first radiating arm 230, the fourth guiding arm 262 serves as a first-stage director corresponding to the second radiating arm 240, and the antenna unit further has the radiation principle and the radiation characteristic of the yagi antenna on the basis of having the radiation principle and the radiation characteristic of the vivaldi antenna. Further, since the third and fourth director arms 252 and 262 extend in a direction away from the ground layer 220, respectively, the third and fourth director arms 252 and 262 may enhance directional radiation in a direction away from the ground layer 220, improving the gain of the antenna unit. The positions of the third guide arm 252 and the fourth guide arm 262 on the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 are not limited as long as the third guide arm 252 and the fourth guide arm 262 are located in the gradient region and spaced apart from the free ends of the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240, respectively.
Wherein, optionally, as shown in fig. 7, the first director and the second director are symmetrical about a center line of the ground layer 220, and the third guide arm 252 and the fourth guide arm 262 are respectively parallel to the center line. Thus, the third guide arm 252 and the fourth guide arm 262 can strengthen the direction of directional radiation on the E-plane, and can improve the gain of the antenna on the E-plane. Alternatively, the third guiding arm 252 and the fourth guiding arm 262 may be guiding arms having a bent shape, the third guiding arm 252 includes a first connecting portion 410 and a first guiding portion 420 that are connected to each other, the fourth guiding arm 262 includes a second connecting portion 430 and a second guiding portion that are connected to each other, the first connecting portion 410 is connected to the first radiating arm 230, the second connecting portion 430 is connected to the second radiating arm 240, and the first guiding portion 420 and the second guiding portion are parallel, so that the first guiding portion 420 and the second guiding portion 440 are located near a center line of the ground layer 210, and further enhance a direction of directional radiation on the E plane, so that a gain of the antenna on the E plane can be improved, and at the same time, the bent shape guiding arm can not only regulate a beam deflection angle, but also reduce an overall antenna size and improve an antenna gain.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 8 (fig. 8 is based on the example of fig. 6 and 7 in combination), the first director 250 includes a first guide arm 251 and a third guide arm 252; the second director 260 includes a second director arm 261 and a fourth director arm 262 such that the first director 250 and the second director 260 may simultaneously enhance directional radiation in multiple directions to achieve omnidirectional radiation, for example, may simultaneously enhance the direction of directional radiation in the H-plane and the E-plane, may increase the gain of the antenna in the H-plane and the E-plane.
In this embodiment, the feeding structure is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate for coupling feeding to the slot opening 300. The feed structure is used for load broadband matching, has the balun function, and realizes coupling feed to the ground layer 210 through the slit opening 300.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, the feed structure 270 includes: a first microstrip feed line 271, a sector microstrip patch 272, and a second microstrip feed line 273.
The first microstrip feed line 271 is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate 210, and a projection area of the first microstrip feed line 271 on the ground layer 220 is located on one side of the slot opening 300, where the first microstrip feed line 271 has balun effect, so that an impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be improved. Optionally, in a radiation direction from the slot opening 300 to the radiation opening, the size of the first microstrip feed 271 is equal to the size of the ground layer 220. Optionally, in a direction perpendicular to the radiation direction, the width of the first microstrip feed 271 is gradually reduced towards a direction away from the ground layer 220, so that the first microstrip feed 271 plays a role of a graded balun, a better transition between the exponential graded slot line and the parallel double line is achieved, and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is improved.
The fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 is located on the second side of the dielectric substrate 210 and on a side of the slot opening 300 facing away from the first microstrip feeder 271, and a projection area of the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 on the ground layer 220 is partially exposed out of the ground layer 220, so that the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 plays a role in impedance matching. It should be noted that the radius of the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272 may be one quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.
The second microstrip feeder 273 is connected between the first microstrip feeder 271 and the fan-shaped microstrip patch 272, where a projection area of the second microstrip feeder 273 on the ground layer 220 is located at an edge position of the ground layer 220 and the projection area is partially overlapped with the slot opening 300. Specifically, the second microstrip feed line 273 and the second slot 320 having a partial overlap in the slot opening 300 function as a mutual coupling transmission electromagnetic wave.
As an embodiment of the antenna unit 200 (see fig. 10 and 11, fig. 10 taking the embodiment of fig. 8 as an example, fig. 11 taking the embodiment of fig. 9 as an example, reference numerals of each structure are omitted in the drawings for clarity of the reference numerals, and reference is made to the foregoing corresponding embodiments for specific reference numerals):
the parameters are as follows: with length L 0 =20 mm, width W 0 FR4 board material with a thickness of 1.2mm was used as the dielectric substrate 210 =16.9 mm. The surface parameters of the structure on the dielectric substrate are as follows: w (W) 1 ＝0.5mm，W 2 ＝2.75mm，W 3 ＝0.5mm，W 4 ＝2.7mm，L 1 ＝9.7mm，L 2 ＝0.64mm，L 3 ＝0.5mm，L 4 ＝0.9mm，L 5 ＝1.88mm，L 6 ＝2.12mm，M 1 ＝5.55mm，M 2 ＝3mm，M 3 =2.6 mm, Φ=3.2 mm; the surface parameters of the structure on the dielectric substrate are as follows: p (P) 1 ＝5.9mm，P 2 ＝1.82mm，P 3 ＝3.74mm，P 4 ＝2.5mm，P 5 ＝6.94mm，P 6 ＝0.5mm，P 7 ＝9.7mm，α＝84.1°，β＝80°。
As shown in FIG. 12, the frequency band of the antenna unit 200 is 5.9 GHz-8 GHz, and the bandwidth can reach 2GHz with-10 dB as the standard. The radiation efficiency of the antenna unit is relatively high in the whole frequency band, wherein 6.5GHz and 8GHz are two typical frequency points of the ultra wideband system respectively, the far field radiation gain of the antenna at the two frequency points is relatively high, as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the antenna unit in the embodiment is of an end-fire type, can also cover a large angle range, and can be similar to omnidirectional radiation. The antenna unit of the embodiment combines the characteristics of the Vivaldi antenna and the yagi antenna, can realize the characteristics of ultra-wideband, high gain and omnidirectionality in a limited size, has small influence on the performance of the antenna unit by the ground, and is easy to integrate on various circuit boards without excessive size adjustment.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250 and the second director 260 may be symmetrically disposed about a center line of the ground layer 220 (fig. 1-11 illustrate this, and Z is a center line in the drawing), so as to improve the radiation symmetry of the antenna unit 200, and thus be beneficial to improving the symmetry of the pattern.
Note that, the materials of the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, and the second director 260 may be the same, for example, metal sheets made of the same material, so that the metal sheets may be directly formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal sheets may be subjected to patterning processing to obtain the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, and the second director 260.
The antenna unit 200 provided in this embodiment includes a dielectric substrate 210, a ground layer 220, a first radiating arm 230, a second radiating arm 240, a first director 250, a second director 260, and a feeding structure 270. Electromagnetic waves obtained by feeding and coupling the feeding structure 270 are reflected to the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 through the ground layer 210, which is beneficial to further improving the radiation directivity, and the radiation opening with gradual change rule formed by the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 can realize the ultra-wideband radiation characteristic and is beneficial to flattening the reflection curve; in addition, the first director 250 guides the direction in which the first radiating arm 230 transmits and receives electromagnetic wave signals, and the second director 260 guides the direction in which the second radiating arm 240 transmits and receives electromagnetic wave signals, so that the directivity and gain of the radiation of the antenna unit 200 can be improved, and the effect of widening the beam can be achieved.
Fig. 15 shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit 200 in an embodiment.
In this embodiment, the antenna unit 200 includes a dielectric substrate 210, a ground layer 220, a first radiating arm 230, a second radiating arm 240, a first director 250, a second director 260, and a feeding structure 270, and further includes a third director 280 (fig. 15 is an example based on the embodiment of fig. 8).
The dielectric substrate 210, the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, the second director 260, and the feeding structure 270 are referred to in the above embodiments, and are not described herein.
In this embodiment, the third director 280 is located on the first side of the dielectric substrate 210 and on the side of the radiation opening away from the ground layer 220, and is used for guiding the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna unit 200 to radiate directionally, so as to improve the electric field distribution on the antenna surface, better guide the electric field in the preset radiation direction of the antenna unit, and improve the directional radiation characteristic and gain of the antenna unit.
Alternatively, the projection shape of the third director 280 on the dielectric substrate is rectangular (fig. 15 illustrates a rectangular shape) or V-shaped, wherein the opening direction of the V-shape is directed away from the ground layer 220. Therefore, the electric field is better guided in the main shaft radiation direction of the antenna, and the radiation performance and gain of the main shaft radiation direction are improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 16 (fig. 16 illustrates the third directors 280 as rectangular, for example), the number of third directors 280 is plural, and the plural third directors 280 are disposed in parallel and spaced apart, so that the directional radiation characteristic and the gain of the antenna unit can be further improved. The spacing between the third directors 280 affects the pattern characteristic and the impedance characteristic, when the spacing is large, the antenna gain is increased, and when the spacing is small, the antenna frequency band characteristic is good, and the antenna frequency band characteristic can be specifically set according to actual needs; the number of third directors 280 affects the gain and lobe width, and may be specifically set according to the actual needs.
In some embodiments, the lengths of the plurality of third directors 280 are equal, or the lengths of the plurality of third directors 280 gradually increase toward the ground plane 220. Wherein, the length of the third director 280 is gradually increased, which is beneficial to reducing the resonance frequency point and improving the impedance matching.
It should be noted that the specific position of the third director 280 is not limited, and may be located on a side of the radiation opening facing away from the ground layer 220, and when the third director 280 approaches the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm, better coupling capability with the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm may be obtained.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, the second director 260 and the third director 280 may be symmetrically disposed about a center line of the ground layer 220 (in fig. 15 and 16, taking this as an example, Z is the center line in the drawing), so as to improve the radiation symmetry of the antenna unit 200, and thus be beneficial to improving the symmetry of the directivity pattern.
It should be noted that the materials of the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, the second director 260, and the third director 280 may be the same, for example, metal sheets made of the same material, so that the metal sheets may be directly formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal sheets may be subjected to patterning processing to obtain the ground layer 220, the first radiating arm 230, the second radiating arm 240, the first director 250, the second director 260, and the third director 280.
The antenna unit 200 provided in this embodiment includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, a first radiating arm, a second radiating arm, a first director 250, a second director 260, a third director 280, and a feeding structure 270. Electromagnetic waves obtained by feeding and coupling the feeding structure 270 are reflected to the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240 through the ground layer 220, which is beneficial to further improving radiation directivity, and radiation characteristics of ultra-wideband can be realized and flattening of reflection curves is beneficial to the radiation openings with gradual change rules formed by the first radiation arm 230 and the second radiation arm 240; in addition, the first director 250 guides the direction in which the first radiating arm 230 receives and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal, the second director 260 guides the direction in which the second radiating arm 240 receives and transmits the electromagnetic wave signal, and the third director 280 guides the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna unit 200 to radiate directionally, so that the directivity and gain of the radiation of the antenna unit can be improved, and the effect of widening the beam can be achieved.
As shown in fig. 17, an electronic device includes a housing and an antenna unit 200 in any of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna unit 200 is accommodated in the housing.
In an embodiment, the electronic device includes a plurality of antenna units 200, and the plurality of antenna units 200 are distributed on different sides of the housing. For example, the housing includes a first side 121 and a third side 123 disposed opposite to each other, and a second side 122 and a fourth side 124 disposed opposite to each other, where the second side 122 connects one ends of the first side 121 and the third side 123, and the fourth side 124 connects the other ends of the first side 121 and the third side 123. At least two of the first side 121, the second side 122, the third side 123, and the fourth side 124 are provided with antenna elements 200, respectively. When the number of the antenna units 200 is 2, the 2 antenna units 200 are respectively located on the second side 122 and the fourth side 124, so that the antenna units 200 can be reduced in overall size in the dimension of the non-scanning direction, and can be placed on two sides of the electronic device.
The electronic device with the antenna unit 200 of any embodiment improves the radiation efficiency and the radiation gain, expands the impedance bandwidth, effectively reduces the antenna section, realizes the thinning of the antenna module, and reduces the occupied space of the antenna module in the electronic device.
The electronic device may be a communication module including a cell phone, tablet, notebook, palm top, mobile internet device (Mobile Internet Device, MID), wearable device (e.g., smart watch, smart bracelet, pedometer, etc.), or other settable antenna.
Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. Suitable nonvolatile memory can include Read Only Memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RMs are available in a variety of forms, such as Static RMs (SRMs), dynamic RMs (DRMs), synchronous DRMs (SDRMs), double data rates SDRM (DDR SDRM), enhanced SDRMs (ESDRMs), synchronous link (synchronous) DRMs (SLDRMs), memory bus (Rmbus) direct RMs (RDRMs), direct memory bus dynamic RMs (DRDRMs), and memory bus dynamic RMs (RDRMs).
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples represent only a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not thereby to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (18)
1. An antenna unit, comprising:
a dielectric substrate having a first side and a second side disposed opposite each other;
the grounding layer is positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate, and a slit opening is formed in the edge of one side of the grounding layer;
the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm are respectively positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate and are respectively connected with the grounding layers positioned on two sides of the gap opening, the radiation opening formed by the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm is communicated with the gap opening, and the opening size of the radiation opening is increased in a preset gradual change rule in a direction deviating from the grounding layer;
the first director and the second director are respectively positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate, the first director is connected with the first radiation arm and used for guiding the direction of the first radiation arm to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals, and the second director is connected with the second radiation arm and used for guiding the direction of the second radiation arm to send and receive electromagnetic wave signals; the first director and the second director are used for respectively correspondingly strengthening the radiation directions of electromagnetic waves on the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm to realize the deflection of wave beams; wherein the first director comprises: a first guiding arm and a third guiding arm, wherein the end part of the first guiding arm is connected with the free end of the first radiating arm, and the third guiding arm is positioned on one side of the first radiating arm, which is close to the second radiating arm, and extends along the direction away from the ground layer; the second director includes: a second guiding arm and a fourth guiding arm, the ends of the second guiding arm being connected to the free ends of the second radiating arm, the guiding arm being located on a side of the second radiating arm close to the first radiating arm and extending in a direction away from the ground plane, the first and second directors being symmetrical about a centre line of the ground plane, the first and second guiding arms being perpendicular to the centre line, respectively;
a feed structure located on the second side of the dielectric substrate for coupling feed to the slot opening;
the grounding layer is used for obtaining coupling feed of the feed structure through the gap opening, and is further used as a reflector of the antenna unit to reflect electromagnetic waves to the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm.
2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first radiating arm includes a plurality of first connection segments and the plurality of first connection segments are gradually inclined in a direction away from the second radiating arm and toward the ground layer, and the second radiating arm includes a plurality of second connection segments and the plurality of second connection segments are respectively gradually inclined in a direction away from the first radiating arm and toward the ground layer.
3. The antenna unit of claim 2, wherein the predetermined taper is a taper in which the opening size increases stepwise.
4. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first radiating arm is curved gradually in a direction away from the second radiating arm and toward the ground plane, and wherein the second radiating arm is curved gradually in a direction away from the first radiating arm and toward the ground plane.
5. The antenna unit of claim 4, wherein the predetermined taper is a taper in which the opening size increases exponentially.
6. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the slot opening and the radiating opening are each symmetrical about a centerline of the ground layer, the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm being symmetrical about the centerline.
7. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first director arm and the first radiating arm form an obtuse angle of less than 180 ° with respect to the direction toward the ground layer;
the second guiding arm and the second radiating arm form an obtuse angle smaller than 180 degrees in the direction of the grounding layer.
8. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first director and the second director are symmetrical about a centerline of the ground plane, the third and fourth director arms being parallel to the centerline, respectively.
9. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the third director arm comprises a first connecting portion and a first director portion connected to each other, the fourth director arm comprises a second connecting portion and a second director portion connected to each other, the first connecting portion connects the first radiating arm, the second connecting portion connects the second radiating arm, and the first director portion and the second director portion are parallel.
10. The antenna unit of claim 1, further comprising:
and the third director is positioned on the first side of the dielectric substrate and on one side of the radiation opening, which is away from the ground layer, and is used for guiding the electromagnetic wave signals of the antenna unit to radiate directionally.
11. The antenna unit of claim 10, wherein a projected shape of the third director on the dielectric substrate is a rectangular shape or a V-shape, wherein an opening direction of the V-shape is directed away from the ground layer.
12. The antenna unit of claim 10, wherein the number of third directors is plural, and the plural third directors are arranged in parallel and spaced apart.
13. The antenna element of claim 12, wherein a length of a plurality of said third directors is equal or a length of a plurality of said directors increases gradually toward said ground plane.
14. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the slot opening comprises a first slot and a second slot in communication with each other, the first slot being located on a side of the edge facing away from the boundary, the second slot being located on a side of the edge adjacent to the boundary and extending onto the boundary, the first slot having a size greater than a size of the second slot.
15. The antenna unit of claim 14, wherein the first slot is a circular slot and the second slot is a rectangular slot, the rectangular slot extending in a direction toward the radiation opening.
16. The antenna element of claim 1, wherein the feed structure comprises:
the first microstrip feeder is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate, and a projection area of the first microstrip feeder on the ground layer is positioned on one side of the gap opening;
the sector microstrip patch is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate and on one side of the slit opening, which is away from the first microstrip feeder, and a projection area of the sector microstrip patch on the grounding layer is partially exposed out of the grounding layer;
the second microstrip feeder is connected between the first microstrip feeder and the fan-shaped microstrip patch, a projection area of the second microstrip feeder on the ground layer is positioned at the edge of the ground layer, and the projection area is partially overlapped with the gap opening.
17. The antenna element of claim 16, wherein a dimension of said first microstrip feed line is equal to a dimension of said ground plane in a radiation direction of said slot opening toward said radiation opening;
in a direction perpendicular to the radiation direction, the width of the first microstrip feed line becomes gradually smaller toward a direction away from the ground layer.
18. An electronic device, comprising:
a housing; and
The antenna unit of any of claims 1-17, wherein the antenna unit is housed within the housing.
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| CN202110779303.8A CN113555666B (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2021-07-09 | Antenna unit and electronic device |
| PCT/CN2022/092994 WO2023279852A1 (en) | 2021-07-09 | 2022-05-16 | Antenna unit and electronic device |
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| CN115548658B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-07-19 | 江苏科技大学 | X/Ku frequency band frequency reconfigurable butterfly antenna based on bias network |
| CN116941128A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-10-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Antenna and electronic device |
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| CN107732453A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-02-23 | 南京理工大学 | Filter antenna based on line of rabbet joint resonator |
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| WO2012092521A1 (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | Secureall Corporation | True omni-directional antenna |
| US9819098B2 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2017-11-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Antenna-in-package structures with broadside and end-fire radiations |
| US10770795B2 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2020-09-08 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Antenna device and method for manufacturing antenna device |
| CN108777355A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-11-09 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of low section broad-band antenna |
| CN113555666B (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2024-04-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Antenna unit and electronic device |
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| CN105337030A (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-17 | 中电科微波通信(上海)有限公司 | Vivaldi antenna and antenna apparatus |
| CN107732453A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-02-23 | 南京理工大学 | Filter antenna based on line of rabbet joint resonator |
| CN108493596A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-09-04 | 北京环境特性研究所 | A kind of antenna and aerial array |
| CN109935971A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-25 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of compact ultra wide band slot antenna |
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