CN115012125A - 一种吸湿速干涤纶面料及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及功能面料的技术领域,提供了一种吸湿速干涤纶面料及制备方法。该方法采用三层同轴静电纺丝,制得由内而外依次为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚酯/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚酯/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的三层纤维形成的面料,再以去离子水浸泡除去聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,得到中空多孔聚酯纤维面料。该面料的聚酯纤维具有中空结构,并且纤维壁层包括两个多孔聚酯层,内层为孔径较小的多孔聚酯层,外层为孔径较大的多孔聚酯层。基于这一特殊结构,纤维外的水分可快速吸收进入纤维的中空结构内,并通过中空结构进行迅速扩散,明显提高蒸发速度。本发明的方法可提高涤纶面料的吸湿、导湿、散湿速率,实现良好的吸湿速干功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能面料的技术领域,提供了一种吸湿速干涤纶面料及制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们对服装面料的功能性要求越来越高,各种功能性面料应运而生,如速干面料、防紫外面料、防水面料、透气面料、防风面料等。其中,速干面料可将汗液迅速转移并通过扩大面积来加快蒸发速度,可使皮肤保持干燥清爽,因而受到人们喜爱。速干织造面料多用作运动服装或休闲服装,速干非织造面料多用作医用服装(如防护服、隔离服、手术服等)或一次性民用服装。
速干面料可采用棉、麻、竹等天然纤维,它们具有良好的吸湿性,麻纤维和竹原纤维由于存在沟槽条纹,具有优于棉纤维的导湿散湿效果;速干面料也可采用化学纤维,但普通化学纤维难以实现良好的吸湿速干效果,须借助物理改性(如异形截面纤维、表面刻蚀)、化学改性(如接枝共聚)或共混纺丝(如添加功能性粉末或混纤)等手段。
在化学纤维中,聚酯纤维具有耐高温、高强度、高弹性、耐酸碱等优点,并且具有良好的抗伽马射线能力,用作医用面料时可直接采用伽马射线进行消毒。但是,采用普通聚酯纤维制备的面料难以达到良好的速干效果,为此,本发明提出了一种吸湿速干涤纶面料及制备方法。
发明内容
为制备具有良好吸湿速干功能的涤纶面料,本发明提出了如下技术方案:
本发明首先提供了一种吸湿速干涤纶面料的制备方法,具体的制备步骤如下:
(1)将20-30重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份乙醇中,搅拌20-40min,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液1;
(2)将28-32重量份聚酯、0.5-1.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1-2h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液2;
(3)将28-32重量份聚酯、2.5-3.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1-2h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液3;
(4)采用三层同轴喷头的静电纺丝装置,将纺丝液1加入内层管注射器中,将纺丝液2加入中间层管注射器中,将纺丝液3加入外层管注射器中,进行静电纺丝,在接收板上得到三层结构纤维形成的非织造面料;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的非织造面料浸泡在40-60℃去离子水中,同时进行超声振荡,结束浸泡后取出面料,用去离子水洗涤2-3遍,自然干燥,得到吸湿速干涤纶面料。
步骤(1)-(3)是纺丝液的配制,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的乙醇溶液作为纺丝液1,以聚酯和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷溶液作为纺丝液2和纺丝液3。纺丝液2和纺丝液3的区别在于聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的含量不同,纺丝液2采用较低的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮含量,纺丝液3采用较高的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮含量。
优选的,所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为PVP-K30,数均分子量为40000-45000。
优选的,所述聚酯为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯中的一种或两种。
优选的,所述三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,三氟乙酸与二氯甲烷的重量比为3-4:1。
步骤(4)是同轴静电纺丝过程,采用同轴喷头进行三层纺丝,得到的纤维具有三层结构,内层为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,中间层为聚酯/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,外层为聚酯/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
优选的,所述三层同轴喷头的内层喷头的内径为0.1mm,外径为0.2mm;中间层喷头的内径为0.5mm,外径为0.6mm;外层喷头的内径为0.9mm,外径为1mm。
进一步优选的,所述静电纺丝的纺丝电压为20-25kV,接收距离为8-12cm,推进速率为0.002-0.003mm/s。
步骤(5)是通过浸泡除去聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,从而形成中空多孔纤维的过程。聚乙烯吡咯烷酮具有良好的水溶性,可通过去离子水浸泡除去。内层的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮去除后赋予纤维中空结构,中间层和外层的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮去除后赋予纤维多孔结构,即形成两个多孔聚酯壁层。由于纺丝液2和纺丝液3中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮含量不同,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的用量越多,形成的孔径越大,因而,两个多孔聚酯壁层具有不同的孔隙结构,外层聚酯的成孔孔径较大,内层聚酯的成孔孔径较小。
优选的,步骤(5)的浸泡过程中,每隔12-15h更换一次去离子水,并将面料用去离子水洗涤2-3次后重新浸泡,更换3-5次去离子水后即可结束浸泡。
优选的,步骤(5)中,所述超声振荡的超声波频率为35-40kHz。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法制备得到的吸湿速干涤纶面料。该面料为聚酯纤维的非织造布,该聚酯纤维具有中空结构,并且纤维壁层包括两个多孔聚酯层,内层为孔径较小的多孔聚酯层,外层为孔径较大的多孔聚酯层。该面料正是利用聚酯纤维的这一特殊结构实现良好的吸湿速干效果,其原理在于:聚酯纤维壁层的孔隙具有毛细效应,可将水分由纤维外吸引到纤维的中空结构内,并且,通过设计不同孔径的多孔聚酯壁层,在芯吸压力差形成的差动效应下,水分更易从孔隙大的一侧引导至孔隙小的一侧,从而进一步促进水分从纤维外吸引进入纤维内部;水分通过多孔聚酯壁层进入纤维内部后,通过中空结构进行迅速扩散,蒸发面积大大增加,从而可明显提高蒸发速度。可见,利用聚酯纤维的特殊结构,可提高涤纶面料的吸湿、导湿、散湿速率,实现良好的吸湿速干功能。并且,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮去除后形成的中空结构,有利于提高聚酯纤维的吸水率。
在本发明的方案中,纺丝液2和纺丝液3中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的添加量尤为重要。一方面,纺丝液2和纺丝液3中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的添加量应具有较大的差值(即纺丝液3中的添加量应明显高于纺丝液2中的添加量),以确保具有理想的差动毛细效应。另一方面,纺丝液3中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮添加量不宜太高,纺丝液2中的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮添加量不宜太低,因为:当聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的添加量太高时,形成的孔隙较大,毛细效应不明显,不利于水分的吸收转移;当聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的添加量太低时,虽然更小的孔径有利于毛细效应,但成孔数量少导致不能形成良好的水分通道,也不利于水分从纤维外进入中空结构内。优选的,纺丝液2中聚酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、混合溶剂的重量比为28-32:0.5-1.5:100(更为优选的为30:1:100),纺丝液3中聚酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、混合溶剂的重量比为28-32:2.5-3.5:100(更为优选的为30:3:100)。
本发明提供了一种吸湿速干涤纶面料及制备方法,其有益效果在于:该面料的聚酯纤维具有中空结构,并且纤维壁层包括两个多孔聚酯层,内层为孔径较小的多孔聚酯层,外层为孔径较大的多孔聚酯层。基于这一特殊结构,纤维外的水分可快速吸收进入纤维的中空结构内,并通过中空结构进行迅速扩散,明显提高蒸发速度。本发明的方法可提高涤纶面料的吸湿、导湿、散湿速率,实现良好的吸湿速干功能。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
(1)将25重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份乙醇中,搅拌30min,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液1;
(2)将30重量份聚酯、0.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液2;
(3)将30重量份聚酯、2.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液3;
(4)采用三层同轴喷头的静电纺丝装置,将纺丝液1加入内层管注射器中,将纺丝液2加入中间层管注射器中,将纺丝液3加入外层管注射器中,进行静电纺丝,在接收板上得到三层结构纤维形成的非织造面料;所述静电纺丝的纺丝电压为22kV,接收距离为10cm,推进速率为0.003mm/s;采用的三层同轴喷头的内层喷头的内径为0.1mm,外径为0.2mm;中间层喷头的内径为0.5mm,外径为0.6mm;外层喷头的内径为0.9mm,外径为1mm;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的非织造面料浸泡在60℃去离子水中,同时以频率为40kHz的超声波进行振荡,每隔12h更换一次去离子水,并将面料用去离子水洗涤2次后重新浸泡,更换5次去离子水后结束浸泡,取出面料,用去离子水洗涤2遍,自然干燥,得到吸湿速干涤纶面料。
实施例2
(1)将25重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份乙醇中,搅拌40min,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液1;
(2)将30重量份聚酯、1重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1.5h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液2;
(3)将30重量份聚酯、3重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1.5h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液3;
(4)采用三层同轴喷头的静电纺丝装置,将纺丝液1加入内层管注射器中,将纺丝液2加入中间层管注射器中,将纺丝液3加入外层管注射器中,进行静电纺丝,在接收板上得到三层结构纤维形成的非织造面料;所述静电纺丝的纺丝电压为20kV,接收距离为10cm,推进速率为0.003mm/s;采用的三层同轴喷头的内层喷头的内径为0.1mm,外径为0.2mm;中间层喷头的内径为0.5mm,外径为0.6mm;外层喷头的内径为0.9mm,外径为1mm;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的非织造面料浸泡在60℃去离子水中,同时以频率为40kHz的超声波进行振荡,每隔13h更换一次去离子水,并将面料用去离子水洗涤2次后重新浸泡,更换4次去离子水后结束浸泡,取出面料,用去离子水洗涤2遍,自然干燥,得到吸湿速干涤纶面料。
实施例3
(1)将25重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份乙醇中,搅拌20min,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液1;
(2)将30重量份聚酯、1.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌2h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液2;
(3)将30重量份聚酯、3.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌2h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液3;
(4)采用三层同轴喷头的静电纺丝装置,将纺丝液1加入内层管注射器中,将纺丝液2加入中间层管注射器中,将纺丝液3加入外层管注射器中,进行静电纺丝,在接收板上得到三层结构纤维形成的非织造面料;所述静电纺丝的纺丝电压为25kV,接收距离为10cm,推进速率为0.003mm/s;采用的三层同轴喷头的内层喷头的内径为0.1mm,外径为0.2mm;中间层喷头的内径为0.5mm,外径为0.6mm;外层喷头的内径为0.9mm,外径为1mm;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的非织造面料浸泡在50℃去离子水中,同时以频率为40kHz的超声波进行振荡,每隔15h更换一次去离子水,并将面料用去离子水洗涤2次后重新浸泡,更换3次去离子水后结束浸泡,取出面料,用去离子水洗涤2遍,自然干燥,得到吸湿速干涤纶面料。
对比例1
未制备纺丝液1,采用双层同轴喷头的静电纺丝装置,将纺丝液2加入内层管注射器中,将纺丝液3加入外层管注射器中,进行静电纺丝;内层喷头的内径为0.5mm,外径为0.6mm;外层喷头的内径为0.9mm,外径为1mm。其他制备条件与实施例2一致。
对比例2
未制备纺丝液2,采用双层同轴喷头的静电纺丝装置,将纺丝液1加入内层管注射器中,将纺丝液3加入外层管注射器中,进行静电纺丝;内层喷头的内径为0.1mm,外径为0.2mm;外层喷头的内径为0.9mm,外径为1mm。其他制备条件与实施例2一致。
上述实施例和对比例中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮采用Mn=40000的PVP-K30;聚酯采用PET/PBT(摩尔比1:1);三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中的三氟乙酸与二氯甲烷的重量比为4:1。
性能测试:
(1)吸水率:将面料裁成10cm×10cm试样,称取质量为m1,浸入25℃水中,自然吸水下沉,5min后取出,平展垂直悬挂,自然滴水,当两滴水的时间间隔大于30s时,立即称取质量为m2,以(m2-m1)×100%/m1计算吸水率,测试3次取平均值;
(2)滴水扩散时间:将面料裁成10cm×10cm试样,用胶头滴管汲取0.2mL三级水,从试样上方1cm处滴在试样上,记录水滴从接触试样表面至完全扩散的时间,测试3次取平均值,即为滴水扩散时间;
(3)水分蒸发速率:将测试滴水扩散时间后的样品立即置于标准大气条件下自然悬挂,每3min称取质量,直至连续两次质量差值不大于1%,绘制时间-蒸发量曲线,曲线明显变缓处的切线斜率即为水分蒸发速率。
所得数据如表1所示。
表1:
Claims (7)
1.一种吸湿速干涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体的制备步骤如下:
(1)将20-30重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份乙醇中,搅拌20-40min,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液1;
(2)将28-32重量份聚酯、0.5-1.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1-2h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液2;
(3)将28-32重量份聚酯、2.5-3.5重量份聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入100重量份三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,搅拌1-2h,真空脱泡,得到纺丝液3;
(4)采用三层同轴喷头的静电纺丝装置,将纺丝液1加入内层管注射器中,将纺丝液2加入中间层管注射器中,将纺丝液3加入外层管注射器中,进行静电纺丝,在接收板上得到三层结构纤维形成的非织造面料;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的非织造面料浸泡在40-60℃去离子水中,同时进行超声振荡,结束浸泡后取出面料,用去离子水洗涤2-3遍,自然干燥,得到吸湿速干涤纶面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种吸湿速干涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于:
所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为PVP-K30,数均分子量为40000-45000;
所述聚酯为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯中的一种或两种;
所述三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷混合溶剂中,三氟乙酸与二氯甲烷的重量比为3-4:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种吸湿速干涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述三层同轴喷头的内层喷头的内径为0.1mm,外径为0.2mm;中间层喷头的内径为0.5mm,外径为0.6mm;外层喷头的内径为0.9mm,外径为1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种吸湿速干涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述静电纺丝的纺丝电压为20-25kV,接收距离为8-12cm,推进速率为0.002-0.003mm/s。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种吸湿速干涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)的浸泡过程中,每隔12-15h更换一次去离子水,并将面料用去离子水洗涤2-3次后重新浸泡,更换3-5次去离子水后即可结束浸泡。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种吸湿速干涤纶面料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述超声振荡的超声波频率为35-40kHz。
7.权利要求1-6任一项所述制备方法制备得到的吸湿速干涤纶面料。
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