CN115011066A - Friction composition, friction body prepared from friction composition and composite brake shoe prepared from friction body - Google Patents

Friction composition, friction body prepared from friction composition and composite brake shoe prepared from friction body Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115011066A
CN115011066A CN202210775761.9A CN202210775761A CN115011066A CN 115011066 A CN115011066 A CN 115011066A CN 202210775761 A CN202210775761 A CN 202210775761A CN 115011066 A CN115011066 A CN 115011066A
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Prior art keywords
friction
parts
brake shoe
composite brake
friction body
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CN202210775761.9A
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CN115011066B (en
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钱钰升
李想
解小花
赵旭
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Tianyi Shangjia Tianjin New Material Co ltd
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Tianyi Shangjia Tianjin New Material Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
    • C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
    • F16D69/028—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides containing fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2206—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of calcium, strontium or barium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
    • C08K2003/222—Magnesia, i.e. magnesium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0004—Materials; Production methods therefor metallic
    • F16D2200/0008—Ferro
    • F16D2200/0021—Steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
    • F16D2200/0052—Carbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/006—Materials; Production methods therefor containing fibres or particles
    • F16D2200/0065—Inorganic, e.g. non-asbestos mineral fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0023—Shaping by pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of vehicle brake materials, and particularly discloses a friction composition, a friction body prepared from the friction composition, and a composite brake shoe prepared from the friction body. The application discloses a friction composition, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of chloroprene rubber; 2-5 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber; 10-12 parts of phenolic resin; 2-4 parts of dibutyl ester; 18-21 parts of steel fiber; 1-3 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber; 7-12 parts of calcium hydroxide; 12-18 parts of petroleum coke; 1-1.5 parts of urotropin; 0.7-1.4 parts of sulfur; 0.5-1 part of an accelerator; 13-24 parts of a friction performance regulator; the friction performance regulator comprises calcium sulfate whiskers; fumed silica; vapor phase alumina; and calcining the light magnesium oxide. The application also discloses a friction body prepared by the friction composition and a composite brake shoe prepared by the friction body. The composite brake shoe of this application preparation can effectively reduce high-low speed friction stability factor and high-low pressure friction stability factor to improve composite brake shoe friction coefficient's stability.

Description

Friction composition, friction body prepared from friction composition and composite brake shoe prepared from friction body
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of vehicle brake materials, in particular to a friction composition, a friction body prepared by using the friction composition and a composite brake shoe prepared by using the friction body.
Background
With the upgrading and optimization of the train braking system, the requirement on the stability of the train braking performance is higher and higher. At present, urban rail transit vehicle braking is divided into disc braking and tread braking. The disc brake adopts brake calipers with brake pads to clamp brake discs arranged on two sides of a wheel or an axle at two sides, so that the brake discs generate frictional resistance to generate a braking action; the tread brake is that a brake shoe is pressed against the tread of the wheel to generate frictional resistance to generate braking action.
The composite brake shoe is an important component of a braking system of an urban rail transit vehicle, mainly comprises a steel backing and a friction body, wherein the friction body comprises a bonding material, a reinforcing material and a friction filler. The average coefficient of friction of conventional composite brake shoes is typically 0.25-0.5, and the quality of the composite brake shoe performance affects the performance of train braking, vehicle maintenance costs, and train safety.
In the field of urban rail transit, tread brake vehicle types are mainly divided into subway A type vehicles and subway B type vehicles. The subway A-type vehicle has large axle weight and harsh use conditions. In the braking process, the friction coefficient stability of the composite brake shoe of the subway A-type vehicle braking system is poor, so that the stability of train braking is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further reduce the fluctuation of the friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe and improve the stability of the friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe, thereby improving the friction performance of the composite brake shoe, the application provides a friction composition, a friction body prepared by using the friction composition and a composite brake shoe prepared by using the friction body.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a friction composition, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a friction composition comprising the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of chloroprene rubber; 2-5 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber; 10-12 parts of phenolic resin; 2-4 parts of dibutyl ester; 18-21 parts of steel fiber; 1-3 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber; 7-12 parts of calcium hydroxide; 12-18 parts of petroleum coke; 1-1.5 parts of urotropin; 0.7-1.4 parts of sulfur; 0.5-1 part of an accelerator; 13-24 parts of a friction performance regulator; the friction performance regulator comprises calcium sulfate whiskers; fumed silica; vapor phase alumina; and calcining the light magnesium oxide.
According to the application, calcium sulfate whiskers, fumed silica, fumed alumina and calcined light magnesium oxide are used as friction performance regulators, and then chloroprene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, phenolic resin, dibutyl ester, steel fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, calcium hydroxide, petroleum coke, urotropine, sulfur, an accelerator and the friction performance regulators are respectively weighed according to the ranges to be used as components of the friction composition, and friction bodies are prepared; the friction body is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, and the fluctuation of the friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe under the conditions of high and low speed and high and low pressure can be effectively reduced, so that the technical scheme provided by the application can effectively reduce the high and low speed friction stability coefficient and the high and low pressure friction stability coefficient of the composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe is improved.
Calcium sulfate whisker and fumed silica are rubber modifiers, and can improve the toughness, creep rate and temperature resistance of rubber, thereby reducing the high-low speed friction stability coefficient and the high-low pressure friction stability coefficient of the synthetic brake shoe. The vapor phase method alumina and the calcined light magnesia can improve the friction and wear performance of the friction body, so that the friction and wear performance of the friction body meets the corresponding standard requirements, and the fluctuation of the friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe under the conditions of high and low speed and high and low pressure can be effectively reduced. Therefore, the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be effectively improved by using the calcium sulfate whiskers, the fumed silica, the fumed alumina and the calcined light magnesium oxide as the friction performance regulator.
According to experimental analysis, compared with the selection of calcium sulfate particles, precipitated silica, precipitated alumina and heavy magnesium oxide, the friction stability of the synthetic brake shoe can be improved by selecting calcium sulfate whiskers, fumed silica, fumed alumina and calcined light magnesium oxide as friction performance regulators.
In addition, the steel fiber and the polyacrylonitrile fiber are reinforcing materials of the friction body, so that the sufficient capabilities of impact resistance, compression resistance and shear strength can be provided, the friction body is prevented from being damaged and cracked in the using process, and meanwhile, the friction body is endowed with certain friction performance.
Calcium hydroxide is a filler which can be well matched with steel fibers to form a protective film between the steel fibers and the coupling to prevent excessive wear or abrasion of the wheel tread.
Sulfur is a rubber vulcanizing agent, promotes the vulcanization of rubber in the friction body, and can improve the elasticity of the friction body.
Preferably, the addition amount of the friction performance regulator is 16-20 parts.
In a particular embodiment, the friction performance modifier may be added in an amount of 13 parts, 16 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, 24 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the amount of the friction performance modifier added may also be 13-16 parts, 13-18 parts, 13-20 parts, 16-18 parts, 16-24 parts, 18-20 parts, 18-24 parts, 20-24 parts.
As can be seen from experimental analysis, when the addition amount of the friction performance regulator is controlled within the above range, the prepared friction body is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, so that the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of the frictional property modifier to be added within the above range.
Preferably, the friction performance regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of calcium sulfate whiskers; 4-8 parts of fumed silica; 1-4 parts of vapor phase method alumina; 6-8 parts of calcined light magnesium oxide.
In a specific embodiment, the addition amount of the calcium sulfate whiskers in the friction performance modifier can be 2 parts, 3 parts or 4 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the amount of calcium sulfate whiskers added in the friction performance modifier may also be 2-3 parts and 3-4 parts.
Through experimental analysis, when the addition amount of the calcium sulfate whisker in the friction performance regulator is controlled to be within the range, the prepared friction body is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of calcium sulfate whiskers added to the friction property modifier to be within the above range.
In a specific embodiment, the fumed silica can be added in an amount of 4 parts, 6 parts, 8 parts in the friction performance modifier.
In some specific embodiments, the amount of fumed silica added in the friction performance modifier can also be 4-6 parts, 6-8 parts.
As proved by experimental analysis, when the addition amount of the fumed silica in the friction performance regulator is controlled to be in the range, the prepared friction body is used for preparing the synthetic brake shoe, and the friction stability of the synthetic brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of fumed silica added in the frictional property modifier to be within the above range.
In a specific embodiment, the amount of fumed alumina added in the friction performance modifier may be 1 part, 3 parts, 4 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the amount of fumed alumina added to the friction modifier may also be 1-3 parts, 3-4 parts.
Through experimental analysis, when the addition amount of the gas phase method alumina in the friction performance regulator is controlled within the range, the prepared friction body is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of fumed alumina added in the friction performance modifier to be within the above range.
In a specific embodiment, the addition amount of the calcined light magnesium oxide in the friction performance modifier may be 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts.
In some specific embodiments, the amount of calcined light magnesium oxide added to the friction performance modifier may also be 6 to 7 parts, 7 to 8 parts.
Through experimental analysis, when the addition amount of the calcined light magnesium oxide in the friction performance regulator is controlled within the range, the prepared friction body is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of the calcined light magnesium oxide added to the friction performance modifier to be within the above range.
Preferably, the performance indexes of the components in the friction performance regulator are as follows: the calcium sulfate whisker: purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, diameter is 0.5-1.2 mu m, and length-diameter ratio is 20-30; the fumed silica: the purity is more than or equal to 99.8 percent, and the granularity is 0.2-0.5 mu m; the vapor phase method is characterized in that: the purity is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, and the granularity is 10-16 nm; the calcined light magnesium oxide: the purity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the granularity is 35-55 mu m.
According to the friction composition, the performance indexes of calcium sulfate whiskers, fumed silica, fumed alumina and calcined light magnesium oxide in the friction performance regulator are controlled within the range, the granularity of the friction composition can be reduced, and meanwhile, the bonding strength of each component in the friction composition can be improved, so that the friction stability of the synthetic brake shoe is further improved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a friction body prepared using the above friction composition.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the above friction body, specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) the chloroprene rubber, the hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, the phenolic resin and the dibutyl ester are subjected to open milling to obtain a material A;
(2) fully mixing the steel fiber, the polyacrylonitrile fiber, the calcium hydroxide, the petroleum coke, the urotropine, the sulfur, the accelerant and the friction performance regulator to obtain a material B;
(3) mixing and banburying the material A and the material B to obtain a banburying mixture;
(4) and preparing the banburying mixture into a particle mixture to obtain the friction body.
The phenolic resin in the application belongs to a friction material adhesive, and fiber reinforced materials, fillers and the like are uniformly bonded together mainly in the form of a bonding film to obtain a friction body with a compact structure and high strength, so that the service performance requirement of the composite brake shoe is met.
Chloroprene rubber and hydrogenated nitrile rubber also belong to friction material adhesives, and the chloroprene rubber and the hydrogenated nitrile rubber also belong to friction material mechanical property regulators in addition to the characteristics of the adhesives, and play a role in reducing the hardness and the elastic modulus of materials so as to reduce the attack of the materials on a brake disc. Dibutyl ester is a plasticizer of rubber, and is used for improving the open mixing effect of rubber, improving the fusion of the rubber and other materials and improving the uniformity of a mixture, thereby being beneficial to the preparation of a friction body in a composite brake shoe.
Preferably, the dibutyl ester is dibutyl phthalate.
Preferably, the open mill conditions are: the temperature is 50-60 deg.C, the rotation speed is 15-25r/min, and the time is 8-12 min.
Preferably, the banburying conditions are as follows: the temperature is less than or equal to 120 ℃, the rotating speed is 35-40r/min, and the time is 5-10 min.
Preferably, the particle size of the friction body is 7 ± 1 mm.
In the process of preparing the friction body, firstly, the chloroprene rubber, the hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, the phenolic resin and the dibutyl ester are subjected to open milling by utilizing the open milling conditions to obtain a bonding material A; meanwhile, fully mixing the reinforced fibers, other fillers and a friction performance regulator to obtain a material B; and then mixing and banburying the prepared material A and the material B according to the banburying conditions, and crushing the mixture into a particle mixture with the particle size of 7 +/-1 mm to obtain the friction body. The preparation method is beneficial to better fusion of the rubber raw material and other raw materials, so that the uniformity of the mixture is improved; the friction body is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, so that the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved.
In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides a composite brake shoe comprising a steel backing and a friction body as described above.
In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a method for preparing the above composite brake shoe, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pressing and forming the steel backing and the friction body to prepare a semi-finished product of the composite brake shoe;
(2) and curing the semi-finished brake shoe product to prepare the composite brake shoe.
Further, the pressing conditions are: the temperature is 150 ℃ and 160 ℃; the pressure is 150-180 t; the pressure maintaining time is 4-8 min.
Further, the curing conditions are: the temperature is 220 ℃ and 240 ℃; the time is 3-4 h.
The friction body obtained by the steel backing and the preparation is pressed, formed and cured to obtain the composite brake shoe, the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is within the range of 0.3 +/-0.5, and the conventional requirements of the composite brake shoe on the average friction coefficient are met. Simultaneously, the technical scheme that this application provided can effectively reduce the high low-speed friction stability factor and the high low pressure friction stability factor of synthetic brake shoe to improve synthetic brake shoe's friction stability.
In a sixth aspect, the present application further provides the use of the composite brake shoe in a vehicle braking system.
To sum up, the technical scheme of the application has the following specific effects:
the friction body obtained by preparation is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, the fluctuation of the friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe under the conditions of high and low speed and high and low pressure can be effectively reduced, the stability of the friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is improved, and the friction performance of the composite brake shoe is improved.
According to the method, chloroprene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, phenolic resin and dibutyl ester are subjected to open milling to obtain a bonding material A; simultaneously, mixing the reinforced fiber, the filler and the friction performance regulator to obtain a material B; then mixing and banburying the material A and the material B, and crushing to obtain a friction body; the friction body and the steel back are pressed and cured to obtain the composite brake shoe, so that the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved.
The application provides a composite brake shoe is used for vehicle braking system, can effectively improve the service braking stability of train to reduce the cost of maintenance of train and improve the security that the train went a vehicle.
Detailed Description
In a first aspect, the present application provides a friction composition comprising the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of chloroprene rubber; 2-5 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber; 10-12 parts of phenolic resin; 2-4 parts of dibutyl ester; 18-21 parts of steel fiber; 1-3 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber; 7-12 parts of calcium hydroxide; 12-18 parts of petroleum coke; 1-1.5 parts of urotropin; 0.7-1.4 parts of sulfur; 0.5-1 part of an accelerator; 13-24 parts of a friction performance regulator; the friction performance regulator comprises calcium sulfate whiskers; fumed silica; vapor phase alumina; and calcining the light magnesium oxide.
Further, the addition amount of the friction performance regulator is 16-20 parts.
Specifically, the friction performance regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of calcium sulfate whiskers; 4-8 parts of fumed silica; 1-4 parts of vapor phase method alumina; 6-8 parts of calcined light magnesium oxide.
Further, the performance indexes of the components in the friction performance regulator are as follows: calcium sulfate whisker: purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, diameter is 0.5-1.2 mu m, and length-diameter ratio is 20-30; gas phase process silica: the purity is more than or equal to 99.8 percent, and the granularity is 0.2-0.5 mu m; vapor phase process alumina: the purity is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, and the granularity is 10-16 nm; calcining light magnesium oxide: the purity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the granularity is 35-55 mu m.
In addition, dibutyl phthalate is used.
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a friction body prepared from the above friction composition.
In a third aspect, the present application further provides a method for preparing the friction body, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adding chloroprene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, phenolic resin and dibutyl ester into an open mill, and carrying out open milling to obtain a material A;
(2) fully mixing steel fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, calcium hydroxide, fumed alumina, petroleum coke, calcined light magnesium oxide, urotropine, sulfur and a friction performance regulator by using a mixer to obtain a material B;
(3) putting the material A and the material B into an internal mixer for internal mixing to obtain an internal mixing mixture;
(4) and preparing the banburying mixture into a particle mixture with the particle size diameter of 7 +/-1 mm by adopting a crusher, namely a friction body.
Specifically, the open milling conditions in the step (1) are as follows: the temperature is 50-60 deg.C, the rotation speed is 15-25r/min, and the time is 8-12 min.
The mixing conditions in the step (2) are as follows: the rotating speed is 1800 plus materials 2300r/min, and the time is 5-10 min.
The banburying conditions in the step (3) are as follows: the temperature is less than or equal to 120 ℃, the rotating speed is 35-40r/min, and the time is 5-10 min.
In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides a composite brake shoe comprising a steel backing and the friction body described above.
In a fifth aspect, the present application further provides a method for preparing the above composite brake shoe, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) putting a steel backing into a press die, then adding 1.8-2.4Kg of friction body, keeping the pressure for 4-8min under the conditions that the temperature is 150-;
(2) and curing the semi-finished product of the brake shoe in a curing furnace at the temperature of 220-240 ℃ for 3-4h to prepare the composite brake shoe.
In a sixth aspect, the present application also provides the use of the above-described composite brake shoe in the field of vehicle braking systems.
The present application is described in further detail below in connection with preparative examples 1-40, examples 1-21 and comparative examples 1-19, and performance testing tests, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Preparation example
Preparation examples 1 to 17
Preparation examples 1 to 17 each provide a friction body.
The difference of the preparation examples is that: the addition amount of each component in the friction performance regulator. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
The preparation method of the friction body in each preparation example specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 4.5Kg of chloroprene rubber, 3.5Kg of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 11Kg of phenolic resin and 3Kg of dibutyl phthalate, adding into an open mill for open milling, wherein the temperature of the open mill is 55 ℃, the rotating speed is 20r/min, and the open milling time is 10min, thus preparing the material A.
(2) Weighing 19.5Kg of steel fiber, 2Kg of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 9.5Kg of calcium hydroxide, 15Kg of petroleum coke, 1.2Kg of urotropine, 1Kg of sulfur, 0.8Kg of accelerator and 18Kg of friction performance regulator, adding into a mixer at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for mixing for 8min to prepare a material B;
wherein, the performance indexes of the components in the friction performance regulator are as follows: calcium sulfate whisker: purity 98%, diameter 0.8 μm, length-diameter ratio 25; gas phase process silica: the purity is 99.8 percent, and the granularity is 0.3 mu m; vapor phase alumina: the purity is 99.5 percent, and the granularity is 13 nm; calcining light magnesium oxide: purity 95%, granularity 45 μm; the amounts of each component added to the friction modifier are shown in Table 1.
(3) And (3) putting the material A and the material B into an internal mixer for internal mixing, wherein the temperature of the internal mixer is 100 ℃, the rotating speed is 35r/min, and the internal mixing time is 7min, so as to obtain an internal mixing mixture.
(4) And preparing the banburying mixture into a particle mixture with the particle size diameter of 7 +/-1 mm by adopting a crusher, namely a friction body.
TABLE 1 amounts of components added to Friction Performance modifiers of preparation examples 1 to 17
Figure BDA0003727009850000071
Figure BDA0003727009850000081
Preparation examples 18 to 23
Each of preparation examples 18 to 23 provides a friction body.
The above-mentioned preparation examples differ from preparation example 3 in that: the amount of the friction property modifier added. Specifically, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 addition amounts of friction property modifiers in preparation examples 3, 18 to 23
Figure BDA0003727009850000082
Preparation examples 24 to 35
Each of preparation examples 24 to 35 provides a friction body.
The above-mentioned preparation examples differ from preparation example 3 in that: the type of each component in the friction performance modifier. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 types of respective components in Friction Performance regulators in preparation examples 3, 24 to 35
Figure BDA0003727009850000083
Figure BDA0003727009850000091
Preparation example 36
Preparation examples 36 each provide a friction body.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the calcium sulfate in the friction performance regulator is calcium sulfate particles, and the performance index is 85% of purity and 25 mu m of particle size.
Preparation example 37
Preparation examples 37 each provide a friction body.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the silicon dioxide in the friction performance regulator is precipitated silicon dioxide, and the performance index is 80 percent of purity and 10 mu m of granularity.
Preparation example 38
Preparation examples 38 each provide a friction body.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the aluminum oxide in the friction performance regulator is precipitated aluminum oxide, and the performance index is 85 percent of purity and 30 mu m of granularity.
Preparation example 39
Preparation examples 39 each provide a friction body.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the magnesium oxide in the friction performance regulator is heavy magnesium oxide, and the performance indexes are as follows: purity 80% and particle size 500. mu.m.
Preparation example 40
Preparation examples 40 each provide a friction body.
The difference between the preparation example and the preparation example 3 is that: the preparation method of the friction body is different.
The preparation method of the friction body in the preparation example specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 4.5Kg of chloroprene rubber, 3.5Kg of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 11Kg of phenolic resin, 3Kg of dibutyl phthalate, 19.5Kg of steel fiber, 2Kg of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 9.5Kg of calcium hydroxide, 15Kg of petroleum coke, 1.2Kg of urotropine, 1Kg of sulfur, 0.8Kg of accelerant and 18Kg of friction performance regulator, adding into a mixer at the rotating speed of 2000r/min for mixing for 8 min; then putting the mixture into an internal mixer for internal mixing, wherein the temperature of the internal mixer is 100 ℃, the rotating speed is 35r/min, and the internal mixing time is 7min to obtain an internal mixing mixture;
wherein, the addition amount and the performance index of each component in the friction performance regulator are the same as those of the preparation example 3.
(2) And preparing the banburying mixture into a particle mixture with the particle size diameter of 7 +/-1 mm by adopting a crusher, namely a friction body.
Examples
Examples 1 to 21
Examples 1-21 each provide a composite brake shoe.
The above embodiments differ in that: the type of friction body. The details are shown in Table 4.
The preparation method of the composite brake shoe comprises the following steps:
1. and (3) putting a steel backing into a press die, adding 2Kg of friction body, keeping the pressure for 6min under the conditions that the temperature is 155 ℃ and the pressing pressure is 165t, and performing press forming to prepare the semi-finished product of the synthetic brake shoe.
2. And (3) curing the semi-finished product of the brake shoe in a curing furnace at the temperature of 230 ℃ for 3.5 hours to prepare the composite brake shoe.
TABLE 4 types of fricatives in examples 1-21
Figure BDA0003727009850000101
Comparative example
Comparative examples 1 to 19
Comparative examples 1 to 19 each provide a composite brake shoe.
The above comparative examples differ from example 3 in that: the type of friction body. Specifically, the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 types of friction bodies in comparative examples 1 to 19
Figure BDA0003727009850000111
Performance test
Average friction coefficient of composite brake shoe
The average coefficient of friction of the composite brake shoes provided in examples 1-21 and comparative examples 1-19 was tested as the test object.
The detection method comprises the following steps: according to the emergency braking condition specified in the T/CAMET 04004.9 standard, braking is carried out under different initial braking speed conditions (40Km/h, 60Km/h, 80Km/h and 90Km/h) under different pressure conditions (0.6Fb, Fb and 1.2Fb), and the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is acquired after braking.
And (3) detection results: as shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 average coefficient of friction of composite brake shoe at different initial brake speeds under different pressure conditions
Figure BDA0003727009850000112
Figure BDA0003727009850000121
Figure BDA0003727009850000131
Figure BDA0003727009850000141
Second, the velocity friction stability coefficient and the pressure friction stability coefficient of the composite brake shoe
The composite brake shoes provided in examples 1-21 and comparative examples 1-19 were used as the test targets, and the velocity friction stability factor and the pressure friction stability factor of the composite brake shoe average friction factor were calculated under each condition according to the average friction factor of the composite brake shoes in Table 6.
(1) Velocity friction stability coefficient of composite brake shoe under certain pressure
The calculation formula of the speed friction stability coefficient is shown as the formula (1):
λ v ＝[(μ 40 -μ v ) 2 +(μ 60 -μ v ) 2 +(μ 80 -μ v ) 2 +(μ 90 -μ v ) 2 ] 1/2 /(2μ v ) X 100% formula (1)
Wherein λ is v The speed friction stability coefficient of the composite brake shoe under a certain pressure condition is shown;
μ 40 indicating that the initial braking speed is 40 under a certain pressure conditionSynthesizing the average friction coefficient of the brake shoe at Km/h;
μ 60 the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is shown when the initial braking speed is 60Km/h under a certain pressure condition;
μ 80 the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is shown when the initial braking speed is 80Km/h under a certain pressure condition;
μ 90 the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is shown when the initial braking speed is 90Km/h under a certain pressure condition;
μ v the average value of the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe under the condition of certain pressure and different initial braking speeds is shown.
Under a certain pressure condition, the detection result of the speed friction stability coefficient of the composite brake shoe is as follows: as shown in table 7.
(2) Pressure friction stability coefficient of composite brake shoe under certain initial braking speed
The calculation formula of the pressure friction stability coefficient is shown as formula (2):
λ f ＝＝[(μ 0.6 -μ f ) 2 +(μ 1 -μ f ) 2 +(μ 1.2 -μ f ) 2 ] 1/2 /(3 1/2 μ f ) X 100% formula (2)
Wherein λ is f The pressure friction stability coefficient of the composite brake shoe is shown under the condition of certain initial braking speed;
μ 0.6 the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is shown under the condition of certain initial braking speed and when the pressure is 0.6Fb KN;
μ 1 the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is shown under the condition of certain initial braking speed and when the pressure is 1Fb KN;
μ 1.2 the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe is shown under the condition of certain initial braking speed and when the pressure is 1.2Fb KN;
μ f the average value of the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe under different pressure conditions under a certain initial braking speed condition is shown.
Under the condition of a certain initial braking speed, the detection result of the pressure friction stability coefficient of the composite brake shoe is as follows: as shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 speed friction stability factor and pressure friction stability factor of composite brake shoe average friction coefficient under various working conditions
Figure BDA0003727009850000151
Figure BDA0003727009850000161
With reference to table 6, it can be seen from the results of comparing examples 1 to 21 with comparative examples 1 to 19 that the friction material is prepared by using calcium sulfate whiskers, fumed silica, fumed alumina, and calcined light magnesium oxide as friction performance modifiers, and then weighing 3 to 6 parts of chloroprene rubber, 2 to 5 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 10 to 12 parts of phenolic resin, 2 to 4 parts of dibutyl ester, 18 to 21 parts of steel fiber, 1 to 3 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber, 7 to 12 parts of calcium hydroxide, 12 to 18 parts of petroleum coke, 1 to 1.5 parts of urotropine, 0.7 to 1.4 parts of sulfur, 0.5 to 1 part of accelerator, and 13 to 24 parts of friction performance modifiers as components of a friction composition, and carrying out open milling, mixing, banburying, and crushing; the average friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe prepared by the friction body fluctuates within the range of 0.3 +/-0.5, and the conventional requirements of the composite brake shoe on the average friction coefficient are met.
Meanwhile, by combining table 7, it can be known from the detection results of comparative examples 1 to 21 and comparative examples 1 to 19 that the technical scheme provided by the application can effectively reduce the fluctuation of the friction coefficient of the composite brake shoe under the conditions of high and low speed and high and low pressure, which shows that the technical scheme provided by the application can effectively reduce the high and low speed friction stability coefficient and the high and low pressure friction stability coefficient of the composite brake shoe, thereby improving the friction stability of the composite brake shoe.
As can be seen from the results of comparing example 3 with comparative examples 3 to 14, compared with the case where one, two or three of calcium sulfate whisker, fumed silica, fumed alumina and calcined light magnesium oxide are used as the friction performance modifier, the friction body prepared by using the calcium sulfate whisker, fumed silica, fumed alumina and calcined light magnesium oxide as the friction performance modifier is used for preparing the composite brake shoe, so that the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be effectively improved. Therefore, the present application selects the simultaneous use of calcium sulfate whiskers, fumed silica, fumed alumina, and calcined light magnesium oxide as a friction performance modifier.
From the results of comparing example 3 with comparative example 15, it can be seen that the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be improved by selecting calcium sulfate whiskers as a component of the friction performance modifier in the present application, as compared to selecting calcium sulfate particles. Therefore, the present application chooses to use calcium sulfate whiskers as a component of the friction performance modifier.
From the results of comparing example 3 with comparative example 16, it can be seen that the selection of fumed silica as a component of the friction performance modifier improves the friction stability of the composite brake shoe, as compared to the selection of precipitated silica. Thus, the present application selects the use of fumed silica as a component of the friction performance modifier.
From the results of comparing example 3 with comparative example 17, it can be seen that the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be improved by selecting the fumed alumina as a component of the friction performance modifier as compared to selecting the precipitated alumina. Thus, the present application selects the use of fumed alumina as a component of the friction performance modifier.
From the results of comparing example 3 with comparative example 18, it can be seen that the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be improved by selecting calcined light magnesium oxide as a component of the friction performance modifier as compared to selecting heavy magnesium oxide. Thus, the present application selects the use of calcined light magnesium oxide as a component of the friction performance modifier.
As can be seen from the results of comparing examples 3, 18-21 with comparative examples 1-2, when the amount of the friction performance modifier is controlled to be in the range of 13-24 parts, the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be improved by using the prepared friction body for the preparation of the composite brake shoe. Further, the present application controls the addition amount of the frictional property modifier within a range of 16 to 20 parts.
From the results of the comparative examples 1 to 5, it is found that when the amount of calcium sulfate whiskers in the friction property adjuster is controlled within the range of 2 to 4 parts, the friction body obtained by the preparation is used for the preparation of a composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of calcium sulfate whiskers added to the friction property modifier to be within the above range.
From the results of the comparative examples 3 and 6 to 9, it is found that when the amount of fumed silica added in the friction performance modifier is controlled to be in the range of 4 to 8 parts, the friction body obtained by the preparation is used for the preparation of the composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of fumed silica added in the frictional property modifier to be within the above range.
From the results of the comparative examples 3 and 10 to 13, it is found that when the amount of fumed alumina added in the friction performance modifier is controlled to be in the range of 1 to 4 parts, the friction body obtained by the preparation is used for the preparation of the composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of fumed alumina added in the friction performance modifier to be within the above range.
From the results of the comparative examples 3 and 14 to 17, it is found that when the amount of the calcined light magnesium oxide added to the friction performance modifier is controlled to be in the range of 6 to 8 parts, the friction body obtained by the preparation is used for the preparation of the composite brake shoe, and the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved. Therefore, the present application controls the amount of the calcined light magnesium oxide to be added to the friction performance modifier within the above range.
As can be seen from the results of comparing example 3 with comparative example 19, in contrast to mixing all the components of the friction composition, the present application first mill neoprene, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, phenolic resin, and dibutyl ester to obtain material a; mixing the reinforced fiber, other fillers and a friction performance regulator to obtain a material B; and then mixing and banburying the prepared material A and the material B, and crushing the mixture into granules to prepare a friction body for preparing the composite brake shoe, wherein the friction stability of the composite brake shoe can be further improved.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (10)

1. A friction composition, characterized in that it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of chloroprene rubber; 2-5 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber; 10-12 parts of phenolic resin; 2-4 parts of dibutyl ester; 18-21 parts of steel fiber; 1-3 parts of polyacrylonitrile fiber; 7-12 parts of calcium hydroxide; 12-18 parts of petroleum coke; 1-1.5 parts of urotropin; 0.7-1.4 parts of sulfur; 0.5-1 part of an accelerator; 13-24 parts of a friction performance regulator; the friction performance regulator comprises calcium sulfate whiskers; fumed silica; vapor phase alumina; and calcining the light magnesium oxide.
2. The friction composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the friction performance modifier is added in an amount of 16 to 20 parts.
3. The friction composition according to claim 1, wherein the friction performance modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of calcium sulfate whiskers; 4-8 parts of fumed silica; 1-4 parts of vapor phase method alumina; 6-8 parts of calcined light magnesium oxide.
4. The friction composition according to claim 1, wherein the performance indexes of the components in the friction performance modifier are as follows: the calcium sulfate whisker: purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, diameter is 0.5-1.2 mu m, and length-diameter ratio is 20-30; the fumed silica: the purity is more than or equal to 99.8 percent, and the granularity is 0.2-0.5 mu m; the vapor phase method is characterized in that: the purity is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, and the granularity is 10-16 nm; the calcined light magnesium oxide: the purity is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the granularity is 35-55 mu m.
5. A friction body prepared using the friction composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The method for preparing a friction body according to claim 5, comprising the following steps:
(1) the chloroprene rubber, the hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber, the phenolic resin and the dibutyl ester are subjected to open milling to obtain a material A;
(2) fully mixing the steel fiber, the polyacrylonitrile fiber, the calcium hydroxide, the petroleum coke, the urotropine, the sulfur, the accelerant and the friction performance regulator to obtain a material B;
(3) mixing and banburying the material A and the material B to obtain a banburying mixture;
(4) and preparing the banburying mixture into a particle mixture to obtain the friction body.
7. The method for producing a friction body according to claim 6, wherein the open milling conditions are: the temperature is 50-60 deg.C, the rotation speed is 15-25r/min, and the time is 8-12 min.
8. A composite brake shoe comprising a steel backing and a friction body as claimed in claim 5.
9. The method of making a composite brake shoe according to claim 8, comprising the steps of:
(1) pressing and forming the steel backing and the friction body to prepare a semi-finished product of the composite brake shoe;
(2) and curing the semi-finished brake shoe product to prepare the composite brake shoe.
10. Use of a composite brake shoe according to claim 8 in the field of vehicle braking systems.
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