CN115010544A

CN115010544A - Preparation method and application method of slow release fertilizer for grape planting

Info

Publication number: CN115010544A
Application number: CN202210737010.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘利; 李秀杰; 韩真; 安萌萌; 朱自果; 李少旋; 陈广霞; 马玉姣; 陈迎春; 虞光辉; 吴玉森; 李勃
Original assignee: Shandong Grape Research Institute
Current assignee: Shandong Grape Research Institute
Priority date: 2022-06-27
Filing date: 2022-06-27
Publication date: 2022-09-06
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-27
Also published as: CN115010544B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, and particularly discloses a preparation method and a use method of a slow release fertilizer for grape planting. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing plant ash and acid soil, then carrying out spray granulation, and naturally drying the obtained wet granules to obtain the inner core with a porous structure. (2) Adding plant ash, fly ash and water-soluble calcium salt into an alcoholic solution of polyvinyl alcohol, uniformly mixing to prepare a slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of the core, and drying to obtain the composite material. The slow release fertilizer disclosed by the invention does not contain traditional fertilizer components, has a slow release effect, and can continuously provide nutrient substances for grape plants.

Description

Preparation method and use method of slow release fertilizer for grape planting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a preparation method and a use method of a slow release fertilizer for grape planting.

Background

The grape is one of the oldest berries distributed most widely in the world, has rich varieties and high nutritional value, can be prepared into various foods such as grape juice, raisin, wine and the like, and is popular with people at all ages. The human beings have grown grapes in the early days, and the current grape cultivation technology is mature and can be industrially planted in a large scale. As with the planting of other plants, the planting of grapes also requires the improvement of soil fertility by fertilization, the promotion of healthy growth of the grape plants, and the prevention of diseases and insect pests. At present, most of grapes are directly applied to soil during planting and fertilizing, and the method is characterized in that a large amount of nutrient elements are rapidly provided for grape plants to absorb in a short time, but seedling burning and the like are easily caused by improper fertilization. In addition, the currently commonly adopted chemical fertilizer brings great benefits and also brings serious soil damage and environmental pollution, such as water eutrophication caused by the inflow of rainwater and irrigation into a water body, which leads to death of a large amount of aquatic organisms; change the physical and chemical properties of the soil, cause the soil fertility to be reduced, soil hardening and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a preparation method and a use method of a slow release fertilizer for grape planting. The slow release fertilizer disclosed by the invention does not contain traditional fertilizer components, has a slow release effect, and can continuously provide nutrient substances for grape plants. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses the following technical solutions.

Firstly, the invention provides a preparation method of a slow release fertilizer for grape planting, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing plant ash and acid soil, then carrying out spray granulation, and naturally drying the obtained wet granules to obtain the inner core with a porous structure.

(2) Adding plant ash, fly ash and water-soluble calcium salt into an alcoholic solution of polyvinyl alcohol, uniformly mixing to prepare a slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on the surface of the core, and drying to obtain the composite material.

Further, in the step (1), the ratio of the plant ash to the acid soil in parts by weight is 1: 2 to 3.5.

Further, in the step (1), the acid soil is 200-350 meshes. The overlarge soil particles are not beneficial to mixing with the plant ash, and the activation of the plant ash is influenced.

Further, in the step (1), the natural drying time is not less than 2 days, preferably 2-4 days. Under the action of water sprayed in the spray granulation process, the plant ash and the acid soil are fully reacted, so that the plant ash is activated, the acid soil is improved, and the slow-release core is obtained.

Further, in the step (1), the particle size of the inner core is 3-5 mm. Other suitable particle size cores may also be selected as desired.

Further, in the step (2), the ratio of the plant ash, the fly ash and the water-soluble calcium salt is 2-3 parts by weight: 6-8 parts by weight: 0.8 to 1.7 parts by weight. Optionally, the water-soluble calcium salt comprises: at least one of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, calcium acetate, etc. In the step, the plant ash and the polyvinyl alcohol can be dissolved and released in the subsequent process, so that the coating shell on the surface of the inner core forms a porous structure, and meanwhile, the fertility is provided for the soil.

Further, in the step (2), the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol in the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 25-30%. Optionally, the alcoholic solution of polyvinyl alcohol is an alcoholic solution of polyvinyl alcohol. The invention adopts the alcoholic solution of polyvinyl alcohol to prevent the plant ash from being dissolved and losing efficacy in the process of preparing the sizing agent.

Further, in the step (2), the solid content of the slurry is 20-30% by mass. Coating the slurry on the surface of the inner core, and forming a porous slow-release shell after subsequent reaction, and protecting the inner core.

Further, in the step (2), the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the drying time is 20-50 min, the slurry coated on the surface of the inner core forms a shell through drying, and alcohol in the slurry is volatilized and removed.

Secondly, the invention provides a use method of the slow release fertilizer for grape planting, which comprises the following steps:

(1) the slow release fertilizer for grape planting is applied to soil, and then watering is carried out according to the irrigation requirement of grape plants to enable the slow release fertilizer to be infiltrated.

(2) And watering again after 2-3 days to enable the slow release fertilizer to be soaked again.

In the above-mentioned application method, the amount of water to be used is not strictly limited, and the time of use is adjusted according to specific needs.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects of at least the following aspects:

(1) the slow release fertilizer prepared by the invention takes plant ash and acid soil as raw materials to prepare the inner core, the two raw materials react under the action of moisture provided by spray granulation, carbonate ions in the plant ash react with hydrogen ions to generate gas, the gas is released outwards from the inner core, and micropores can be formed in the inner core, and can gradually release nutrient elements outwards under the action of the moisture after the slow release fertilizer is applied to the soil, so that the nutrient elements are slowly released to the soil for a long time. Meanwhile, the alkalinity of the plant ash improved by the acid soil is greatly weakened, and the problem that the plant ash is alkaline and is not suitable for being used with an organic nitrogen fertilizer is solved. In addition, after the acid soil is improved, the water-insoluble carbonate in the plant ash is dissolved, so that the solidified metal elements in the carbonate are converted into free states, the activation of the plant ash is realized, and the fertilizer efficiency of the plant ash is improved. In addition, the plant ash and the acid soil are combined, so that the resource utilization of the acid soil is realized, and the method is more thorough compared with the traditional acid soil improvement method.

(2) The outer surface of the inner core is coated with a shell layer consisting of plant ash, fly ash, water-soluble calcium salt and polyvinyl alcohol, after the slow-release fertilizer is applied to soil and meets water, the polyvinyl alcohol in the shell layer and the soluble salt in the plant ash are dissolved, so that the shell layer forms a porous structure, the slow release of the nutrient elements released by the inner core is facilitated, and meanwhile, the plant ash dissolved in the shell can quickly provide the nutrient elements for the soil in advance; the invention utilizes the characteristics of plant ash to play a role of pore-forming to form a slow-release shell and enhance the soil fertility. Meanwhile, the water-soluble calcium salt releases calcium ions after meeting water, and in an alkaline environment provided by dissolution of plant ash in the shell, the shell layer is hardened by hydration of the fly ash, so that the problem that the shell is scattered in a soil humid environment for a long time is solved, namely the invention also utilizes the characteristics of the plant ash to realize secondary hardening of the shell. In addition, carbonate in the plant ash reacts with calcium ions to form calcium carbonate, which contributes to the strength of the outer shell.

(3) The slow release fertilizer with the overall porous structure is beneficial to enhancing the air permeability of soil, is beneficial to the reproduction of microorganisms, enriches the population and the quantity of the microorganisms in the soil and promotes the growth of plants. In addition, the slow release fertilizer does not contain the traditional fertilizer components, and can effectively avoid the adverse effect brought by the fertilizer.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of plant ash used in the following examples.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the acid soil used in the following examples.

Fig. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the slow release fertilizer granules prepared in example 1 below.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, unless otherwise defined. The reagents or starting materials used in the present invention can be purchased from conventional sources, and unless otherwise specified, the reagents or starting materials used in the present invention can be used in a conventional manner in the art or in accordance with the product specifications.

In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of the present invention. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are intended to be exemplary only. The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In the following examples, the plant ash is a commercial product, and the physical effect is shown in fig. 1.

In the following examples, the acid soil is a commercial product, and the physical effect is shown in fig. 2.

Example 1

A preparation method of a slow release fertilizer for grape planting comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing plant ash and 300-mesh acid soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2.5 parts by weight of the mixture is placed in a stirrer to be stirred for 10min so as to uniformly mix the two. And then, placing the mixture in a granulator, granulating by adopting a spray (water) granulation technology, placing the obtained wet granules in a natural environment, and airing for 3 days to obtain kernels with the grain size of 3-5 mm for later use.

(2) Mixing plant ash, fly ash and calcium chloride according to the weight ratio of 2.3: 7: 1.5 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol 1000 (wherein, the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is 28%), and then stirring is continued for 20min to obtain a slurry with 20% of solid content.

(3) And (3) rapidly immersing the kernel into the slurry to enable the slurry to be uniformly coated on the surface of the kernel, taking out the kernel, putting the kernel into a tray, and then putting the tray into a dryer to dry for 45min at 85 ℃ to obtain the slow release fertilizer, wherein the slow release fertilizer is shown in figure 3.

Example 2

(1) mixing plant ash and 200-mesh acid soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 3.5 parts by weight of the mixture is placed in a stirrer to be stirred for 10min so as to be uniformly mixed. And then, placing the mixture in a granulator, granulating by adopting a spray (water) granulation technology, placing the obtained wet granules in a natural environment, and airing for 4 days to obtain kernels with the particle size of 3-5 mm for later use.

(2) Mixing plant ash, fly ash and calcium nitrate according to the ratio of 3: 7: 1.7 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol 2000 in ethanol (wherein the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is 25%), and then stirring is continued for 20min to obtain a slurry with a 27% solid content.

(3) And quickly immersing the kernel into the slurry to enable the slurry to be uniformly coated on the surface of the kernel, taking out the kernel, putting the kernel into a tray, and then putting the tray into a dryer to dry for 50min at 80 ℃ to obtain the slow release fertilizer.

Example 3

(1) mixing plant ash and 350-mesh acid soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 2 parts by weight of the mixture is placed in a stirrer to be stirred for 10min so as to uniformly mix the two. And then, placing the mixture in a granulator, granulating by adopting a spray (water) granulation technology, placing the obtained wet granules in a natural environment, and airing for 2 days to obtain kernels with the grain size of 3-5 mm for later use.

(2) Mixing plant ash, fly ash and calcium acetate according to the ratio of 2: 6: 0.8 part by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol was added to an ethanol solution of polyvinyl alcohol 1000 (wherein the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol was 28%), and then stirring was continued for 20min to obtain a slurry having a solid content of 30%.

(3) And rapidly immersing the kernel into the slurry to enable the slurry to be uniformly coated on the surface of the kernel, taking out the kernel, placing the kernel in a tray, and then placing the tray in a dryer to dry for 20min at 90 ℃ to obtain the slow release fertilizer.

Example 4

(1) mixing plant ash and 250-mesh acid soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, stirring the mixture in a stirrer for 10min to uniformly mix the mixture. And then, placing the mixture in a granulator, granulating by adopting a spray (water) granulation technology, placing the obtained wet granules in a natural environment, and airing for 3 days to obtain kernels with the particle size of 3-5 mm for later use.

(2) Mixing plant ash, fly ash and calcium acetate according to the weight ratio of 2.7: 8: 1.7, adding the mixture into an ethanol solution of polyvinyl alcohol 1000 (wherein, the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol is 30%), and continuously stirring for 20min to obtain slurry with the solid content being 30%.

(3) And quickly immersing the kernel into the slurry to enable the slurry to be uniformly coated on the surface of the kernel, taking out the kernel, putting the kernel into a tray, and then putting the tray into a dryer to dry for 40min at 90 ℃ to obtain the slow release fertilizer.

Example 5

(1) mixing plant ash and 300-mesh normal soil according to the proportion of 1: 2.5 parts by weight of the mixture is placed in a stirrer to be stirred for 10min so as to uniformly mix the two. And then, placing the mixture in a granulator, granulating by adopting a spray (water) granulation technology, placing the obtained wet granules in a natural environment, and airing for 3 days to obtain kernels with the grain size of 3-5 mm for later use.

(3) And quickly immersing the kernel into the slurry to enable the slurry to be uniformly coated on the surface of the kernel, taking out the kernel, putting the kernel into a tray, and then putting the tray into a dryer to be dried for 45min at 85 ℃ to obtain the slow release fertilizer.

Example 6

(1) mixing plant ash and 200-mesh acid soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 3.5 parts by weight of the mixture is placed in a stirrer to be stirred for 10min so as to be uniformly mixed. And then, placing the mixture in a granulator, granulating by adopting a spray (water) granulation technology, placing the obtained wet granules in a natural environment, and airing for 4 days to obtain a kernel with the grain diameter of 3-5 mm as a slow release fertilizer.

Example 7

(2) Mixing fly ash and calcium acetate according to the ratio of 6: 0.8 part by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol was added to an ethanol solution of polyvinyl alcohol 1000 (wherein the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol was 28%), and then stirring was continued for 20min to obtain a slurry having a solid content of 30%.

(3) And quickly immersing the kernel into the slurry to enable the slurry to be uniformly coated on the surface of the kernel, taking out the kernel, putting the kernel into a tray, and then putting the tray into a dryer to be dried for 20min at 90 ℃ to obtain the slow release fertilizer.

Example 8

(1) mixing plant ash and 250-mesh acid soil according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, stirring the mixture in a stirrer for 10min to uniformly mix the mixture. And then, placing the mixture in a granulator, granulating by adopting a spray (water) granulation technology, placing the obtained wet granules in a natural environment, and airing for 3 days to obtain kernels with the grain size of 3-5 mm for later use.

(2) Mixing normal soil, fly ash and calcium acetate according to the proportion of 2.7: 8: 1.7, adding the mixture into an ethanol solution of polyvinyl alcohol 1000 (wherein, the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol is 30%), and continuously stirring for 20min to obtain slurry with the solid content being 30%.

And (3) effect testing:

eight groups of grape plants with similar growth vigor and weight are selected, and each group comprises three plants. Corresponding to examples 1 to 8 above. The slow release fertilizers prepared in the above examples 1 to 8 were buried in soil of respective grape plants at a rate of 100 kg/mu for 5cm or less, and then watered to the soil, and after 2 days, again watered. Watering every ten days later, and the other management and planting conditions are the same. After two and a half months, the chlorophyll content, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the louver of the grape plants in each group are detected, and the average value of all the indexes of three grape plants in each group is calculated, and the result is shown in the following table. It can be seen that the slow release fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 4 have more remarkable promoting effect on the growth of grape plants compared with the effects of examples 5 to 8.

Finally, it should be understood that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a slow release fertilizer for grape planting is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing plant ash and acid soil, then carrying out spray granulation, and naturally drying the obtained wet granules to obtain a core with a porous structure;

2. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ratio of the plant ash to the acid soil in parts by weight is 1: 2 to 3.5.

3. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the acid soil is 200-350 meshes.

4. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the natural drying time is not less than 2 days, preferably 2-4 days.

5. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape planting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the particle size of the inner core is 3-5 mm.

6. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape planting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the plant ash, the fly ash and the water-soluble calcium salt are in a proportion of 2-3 parts by weight: 6-8 parts by weight: 0.8 to 1.7 parts by weight; preferably, the water-soluble calcium salt comprises: at least one of calcium chloride, calcium nitrate and calcium acetate.

7. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol in the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 25-30%; preferably, the alcohol solution of polyvinyl alcohol is an ethanol solution of polyvinyl alcohol.

8. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the solid content of the slurry is 20-30% by mass fraction.

9. The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape cultivation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the step (2), the drying temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the drying time is 20-50 min.

10. The use method of the slow release fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer for grape planting according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) applying the slow release fertilizer for grape planting to soil, and watering according to the irrigation requirement of grape plants to infiltrate the slow release fertilizer;