CN115005269B - Composite preservative, preparation method and bean sprout preservation method - Google Patents
Composite preservative, preparation method and bean sprout preservation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115005269B CN115005269B CN202210766346.7A CN202210766346A CN115005269B CN 115005269 B CN115005269 B CN 115005269B CN 202210766346 A CN202210766346 A CN 202210766346A CN 115005269 B CN115005269 B CN 115005269B
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- aralia elata
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- LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanone Chemical compound C1CN(CC2=NNN=C21)CC(=O)N3CCN(CC3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NCC5=CC(=CC=C5)OC(F)(F)F LDXJRKWFNNFDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit and vegetable preservation, and particularly relates to a compound preservative, a preparation method and a bud vegetable preservation method. The invention provides a compound preservative, which comprises a pre-harvest spray agent and a post-harvest spray agent; the pre-harvest spray comprises methyl jasmonate and pea protein; the post-harvest spray comprises phytic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, citral essential oil and glycerol. The invention obviously inhibits the respiratory metabolism of the sprouts by the compound preservative, effectively slows down the aging of the sprouts and prolongs the preservation period of the sprouts after picking. The example results show that the compound preservative can effectively reduce the rotting rate and the damage rate of the bud vegetables in postharvest preservation by pre-harvest spraying and postharvest spraying, the rotting rate is 4.26+/-0.75% after storage for 8 days, and the rotting rate is 9.47+/-0.84% after storage for 12 days. The compound preservative solves the technical problem of high decay rate in preservation of the picked sprouts in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit and vegetable preservation, and particularly relates to a compound preservative, a preparation method and a bud vegetable preservation method.
Background
The sprouts comprise acanthopanax, fern, chinese toon sprouts or aralia elata, and two new sprouts can be collected in early spring every year, so that the sprouts have unique fragrance and rich nutritional value and are favored by domestic and foreign markets. The sprouts represented by the aralia elata seem are mainly distributed in Jilin, heilongjiang, liaoning, hebei, henan and Guangdong provinces, wherein the reserve of the northeast three provinces is maximum and can reach more than 6500 tons per year, but the actual utilization rate is still less than 3 percent, so that the resources of the portions are seriously lost. And the artificial propagation and cultivation of the aralia elata seem are realized, the yield of 2000 plants per mu is 1.5 tons, and the income per mu is 5000-10000 yuan. The quality of the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, is reduced due to the fact that the nutritional ingredients of dietary fibers, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, phenols and the like of the sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, are high, respiratory metabolism is very fast after picking, decay, discoloration and other quality degradation phenomena occur rapidly in the storage process, the shelf life of the aralia elata seem is only 2 days without adopting a fresh-keeping method, and therefore the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, can be stored for a long time only by adopting an effective fresh-keeping method. However, the existing fresh-keeping method for the aralia elata seem uses only one fresh-keeping technology after or before picking, so that the fresh-keeping effect is not ideal, and the fresh-keeping and storage and transportation of the sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, has high decay rate. And chemical growth inhibitors such as chlormequat chloride, gibberellin and the like are mostly adopted in the vegetable pre-harvest preservation technology, so that the environmental influence is large, and the problem of food safety can be caused. Therefore, a compound preservative with environmental protection, edible safety and remarkable preservation effect is urgently needed at present, and the decay rate of the sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem in the preservation process is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compound preservative which can reduce the rotting rate of the sprouts in the preservation process and prolong the preservation time, and the compound preservative is a natural component, so that the edible safety of the sprouts is ensured, and the problem of high rotting rate in the preservation of the sprouts after the sprouts are picked in the prior art is solved.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a compound preservative, which comprises a pre-harvest spray agent and a post-harvest spray agent;
the pre-harvest spray comprises methyl jasmonate and pea protein;
the post-harvest spray comprises phytic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, citral essential oil and glycerol.
Preferably, the pre-harvest spray comprises 0.001-0.003% of methyl jasmonate, 10-12% of pea protein and the balance of water in percentage by mass;
the spray coating agent comprises, by mass, 0.5-1.0% of phytic acid, 1.0-1.5% of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.01-0.05% of citral essential oil, 0.5-1.5% of glycerol and the balance of water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite preservative, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and homogenizing the solvent component of the pre-harvest spray with water to obtain the pre-harvest spray;
Mixing the solvent component of the post-harvest spray with water and homogenizing to obtain the post-harvest spray.
Preferably, the homogenization comprises homogenization and high-pressure homogenization, wherein the rotation speed of the homogenization is 10000-13000 rpm, and the time is 2-3 min; the pressure of the high-pressure homogenization is 60-70 MPa, the time is 2min, and the rotating speed is 10000-13000 rpm.
The invention also provides a fresh-keeping method of the sprouts, which adopts the composite fresh-keeping agent according to the technical scheme or the composite fresh-keeping agent prepared by the preparation method according to the technical scheme, and comprises the following steps:
bagging and spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent 2 days before the harvest of the sprouts; the sprouting vegetable is picked, precooled and freshly cut after being sprayed for 2 days, so that freshly cut sprouting vegetable is obtained; sequentially cleaning, spraying a post-harvest spraying agent, irradiating by an LED lamp and packaging the fresh-cut sprouts; the fresh-cutting is completed in a sterile environment, and the temperature of the fresh-cutting is 6-8 ℃.
Preferably, the spraying times of the pre-harvest spraying agent are two times, spraying is carried out once a day, and the using amount of each bud vegetable is (10-15) mL each time during spraying; the mass ratio of the fresh-cut sprouts to the volume ratio of the spray agent after picking is 500g: (3-5) mL, wherein the spraying times of the post-harvest spraying agent are 2-4 times.
Preferably, the LED lamp irradiates and selects the wavelength of an LED red lamp to be 650-670 nm and the wavelength of a blue lamp to be 400-450 nm; when the LED lamp irradiates, the distance between the fresh-cut sprouts and the LED lamp is 15-20 cm; the irradiation time is 8-10 h; the irradiation intensity is 20-30 mu mol m -2 ·s -1 The temperature is 2-6 ℃ and the humidity is 85-90% when the light is irradiated.
Preferably, the length of the bud before bagging is 12-15 cm; the pre-cooling temperature is 2-6 ℃ and the pre-cooling time is 2-4 h; sterile water is adopted during cleaning, and the temperature of the sterile water is 2-6 ℃; the length of the fresh-cut sprouts is 10-12 cm.
Preferably, the packaging includes packaging and boxing; the preservation box is adopted during packaging; the preservation box is placed into a turnover device when being packaged, and the turnover device is made of plastic; the temperature of the package is 6-8 ℃.
Preferably, after the packaging, the temperature of the environment in which the sprouts are placed is 2-6 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a compound preservative, which comprises a pre-harvest spray agent and a post-harvest spray agent; the pre-harvest spray comprises methyl jasmonate and pea protein; the post-harvest spray comprises phytic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, citral essential oil and glycerol.
According to the invention, by spraying methyl jasmonate and pea protein before picking the sprouts, the respiration metabolism of the sprouts can be obviously inhibited, the aging of the sprouts is effectively slowed down, the brittleness, the green and the nutritional ingredients of the sprouts are reserved, and the fresh-keeping period of the picked sprouts, especially the aralia elata, is prolonged; and by spraying phytic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, citral essential oil and glycerin after picking, the oxidation of the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem is slowed down, the growth of bacteria on the surfaces of the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem is inhibited, the corrosion of microorganisms in the air to the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem is reduced, and the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, has lasting and stable fresh-keeping effect. Wherein the phytic acid can obviously inhibit oxidative discoloration of the bud phenolic substances. The citral essential oil is a natural bacteriostatic agent, has the advantages of good bacteriostatic effect and long duration, but oily substances are insoluble in water and are easy to volatilize, and can ensure the application effect of the citral essential oil when being used together with an emulsifier with amphoteric polyelectrolyte property, such as carboxymethyl chitosan, and meanwhile, the carboxymethyl chitosan also has the effects of inhibiting bacteria and promoting the growth of callus cells, and the synergistic effect of the carboxymethyl chitosan and the citral essential oil can obviously improve the bacteriostatic effect on fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, so that the recovery of the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem after mechanical injury is facilitated. And then the glycerol is mixed with the three components to form a film on the surfaces of the sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, so that the corrosion of microorganisms in the air is reduced during the storage period, and the lasting fresh-keeping effect of the preservative is improved. The invention uses natural components as both pre-harvest spray and post-harvest spray. Therefore, the invention is a compound preservative with environmental protection, edible safety and remarkable preservation effect. The example results show that the compound preservative can effectively reduce the rotting rate and the damage rate of the fresh-keeping of the picked aralia elata seem by pre-picking spraying and post-picking spraying, the rotting rate is 4.26+/-0.75% after storage for 8 days, and the rotting rate is 9.47+/-0.84% after storage for 12 days. Therefore, the compound preservative solves the technical problem of high decay rate of the prior art in the preservation of the sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem after picking.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a compound preservative, which comprises a pre-harvest spray agent and a post-harvest spray agent;
the pre-harvest spray comprises methyl jasmonate and pea protein;
the post-harvest spray comprises phytic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan, citral essential oil and glycerol.
The present invention has no particular requirement for the source of the components, and conventional commercially available products can be used, unless otherwise specified.
The pre-harvest spray provided by the invention preferably comprises 0.001-0.003% of methyl jasmonate, more preferably 0.0015-0.003%, and even more preferably 0.002-0.003%. In the invention, the methyl jasmonate is a natural growth inhibitor, has remarkable inhibition effect on respiratory metabolism of sprouts, particularly aralia elata seem, effectively slows down ageing of aralia elata seem, and retains brittleness, green and nutritional ingredients of the sprouts.
The pre-harvest spray provided by the invention preferably comprises 10-12% of pea protein, more preferably 10.5-12%, and even more preferably 11-12% by mass. In the invention, the pea protein has an emulsifying effect, so that the effect of methyl jasmonate can be improved, and the methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spray is uniformly distributed.
In the present invention, the rest of the pre-harvest spray is water, and the source of water is not particularly limited, and is preferably tap water.
The post-harvest spray coating agent provided by the invention preferably comprises 0.5-1.0% of phytic acid, more preferably 0.6% -0.9%, and even more preferably 0.8% by mass. In the invention, the phytic acid can obviously inhibit oxidative discoloration of the sprouting vegetable, especially the aralia elata seem phenolic substance.
The postharvest spray coating provided by the invention preferably comprises 1.0-1.5% of carboxymethyl chitosan, more preferably 1.1-1.45%, and even more preferably 1.4% by mass. In the invention, the carboxymethyl chitosan has the functions of inhibiting bacteria and promoting the growth of callus cells, is beneficial to the recovery of fresh-cut sprouts, especially the mechanical damage of aralia elata, and can improve the application effect of citral essential oil.
The postharvest spray coating agent provided by the invention preferably comprises 0.01-0.05% of citral essential oil, more preferably 0.02-0.04%, and even more preferably 0.03% by mass. In the invention, the citral essential oil is a natural bacteriostatic agent, has the advantages of good bacteriostatic effect and long duration, but is an oily substance which is insoluble in water and easy to volatilize, and can be used together with an emulsifier with amphoteric polyelectrolyte property, such as carboxymethyl chitosan, so that the application effect of the citral essential oil is ensured.
The postharvest spray coating agent provided by the invention preferably comprises 0.5-1.5% of glycerin, more preferably 0.7% -1.5%, and even more preferably 1.5% by mass. In the invention, the glycerol is used as a plasticizer and a humectant, and the glycerol is mixed with the phytic acid, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the citral essential oil to form a film on the surface of the aralia elata, so that the corrosion of microorganisms in the air is reduced during the storage period, and the fresh-keeping effect of the phytic acid, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the citral essential oil is longer.
In the present invention, the remaining components of the post-harvest spray are preferably water, and the source of water is not particularly limited, more preferably tap water.
In the invention, the compound preservative is preferably used for preserving the sprouts, and the sprouts preferably comprise acanthopanax, fern, ailanthus altissima or aralia elata. The compound preservative is preferably used for aralia elata seem. In the embodiment of the invention, fresh-keeping explanation is preferably carried out by taking aralia elata seem as an example; the components in the pre-harvest spray and the post-harvest spray are natural components, so that the food safety is ensured. The compound preservative is preferably stored at 4 ℃.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the composite preservative, which comprises the following steps:
Mixing and homogenizing the solvent component of the pre-harvest spray with water to obtain the pre-harvest spray;
mixing the solvent component of the post-harvest spray with water and homogenizing to obtain the post-harvest spray.
In the present invention, the homogenization preferably includes homogenization and high-pressure homogenization, and the rotation speed of the homogenization is preferably 10000 to 13000rpm, more preferably 12000 to 13000rpm, and still more preferably 12500 to 13000rpm; the time is preferably 2 to 3 minutes, more preferably 2.5 to 3 minutes, and still more preferably 3 minutes; the pressure of the high-pressure homogenization is preferably 60 to 70MPa, more preferably 60 to 65MPa, and even more preferably 60 MPa; the time is preferably 2 minutes. In the invention, the rotation speed, time and pressure parameters of the homogenization and high-pressure homogenization are selected to obtain uniform and stable pre-and post-harvest spray and ensure the application effect.
The invention also provides a fresh-keeping method of the sprouts, which adopts the composite fresh-keeping agent according to the technical scheme or the composite fresh-keeping agent prepared by the preparation method according to the technical scheme, and comprises the following steps:
bagging and spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent 2 days before the harvest of the sprouts; the sprouting vegetable is picked, precooled and freshly cut after being sprayed for 2 days, so that freshly cut sprouting vegetable is obtained; sequentially cleaning, spraying a post-harvest spraying agent, irradiating by an LED lamp and packaging the fresh-cut sprouts; the fresh-cutting is completed in a sterile environment, and the temperature of the fresh-cutting is 6-8 ℃.
The sprouts are preferably ripe, fresh, undamaged and free of diseases and insect pests, the sprouts are judged to be ripe according to the length, for example, the sprouts grow to 10-15 cm to be ripe sprouts, and the sprouts do not grow to 10cm to be immature sprouts, and in the embodiment of the invention, the length of the sprouts is preferably 12-15 cm.
The spraying agent before the bud vegetable is sprayed and collected in a bagging mode 2 days before the bud vegetable is collected. The bag is preferably sleeved on the mature bud branches, and the isolation bag is preferablyTransparent plastic bag made of Polyethylene (PE), wherein the specification of the isolation bag is preferably 0.8-1.0 mm in thickness, 20cm long by 10cm wide, and the oxygen permeability of the isolation bag is preferably 0.05-0.1 cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 ·KPa -1 . The pre-harvest spray of the present invention is described above and will not be described in detail here.
The invention preferably sprays the pre-harvest spraying agent into the buds in the bag after bagging the buds, and the opening of the isolation bag is preferably opened during spraying, and the opening of the isolation bag is then fastened after spraying. The spraying times of the pre-harvest spraying agent are preferably two times, the spraying is carried out once a day, and the using amount of each bud is (10-15) mL each time during the spraying; further preferably (13.5 to 14.5) mL, and more preferably 14mL. The invention preferably puts the pre-harvest spray into a spray can with scales for spraying. According to the invention, each bud is sleeved with an isolation bag, and 15mL of pre-harvest spraying agent is sprayed.
The bud vegetable bagging and spraying are sequentially carried out on bud vegetable harvesting, precooling and fresh cutting after 2 days, and fresh-cut bud vegetable is obtained. When the sprouts are harvested, the isolation bags are preferably taken down, the sprouts are preferably cut off by using the sterilizing scissors, the cut sprouts are preferably provided with skin thorns and branches, the length of the cut sprouts is preferably 12-15 cm, and the length of the branches is preferably 1-2 cm.
In the invention, the harvested sprouts are preferably placed into a first rotating plastic basket and then are subjected to precooling and cold storage in sequence. The heights of the sprouts placed in the first rotating basket after harvesting are preferably 6-7 cm, gaps are reserved among the sprouts in the first rotating basket, and the sizes of the gaps are preferably 0.2-0.3 cm; the gap has the functions of promoting the respiratory heat of the sprouts to be dissipated and prolonging the fresh-keeping period of the sprouts.
The first rotating plastic basket is preferably a plastic basket made of polypropylene (PP) material with holes, transparency, foldability and stacking property, and the specification of the first rotating plastic basket is preferably 10-12 mm in thickness, 60cm in length, 43cm in width and 8cm in height. The pre-cooling temperature is preferably 6-10 ℃, more preferably 7-9 ℃, and even more preferably 8 ℃; the pre-cooling time is preferably 6 to 10 hours, more preferably 8 to 9.5 hours, and even more preferably 9 hours; the precooling preferably has a draft of 4 to 7m/s, more preferably 5m/s. The embodiment of the pre-cooling is not particularly limited as long as the pre-cooling effect of the present invention is achieved. The invention preferably pre-cools in an air-cooled pre-cooling warehouse.
The invention carries out cold storage on the precooled sprouts, and then carries out fresh cutting to obtain fresh-cut sprouts. The refrigerated storage according to the present invention is preferably placed in a refrigerator having a temperature of preferably 2 to 6 ℃, more preferably 4 to 6 ℃, and even more preferably 6 ℃. The invention preferably carries out fresh cutting on the sprouts after precooling and cold storage for 2 hours. When the sprouts are freshly cut, the sprouts are preferably removed from the sprouts, and the roots of branches are cut off to obtain the freshly cut sprouts. The length of the fresh-cut sprouts is preferably 10-12 cm. The fresh-cutting according to the invention is preferably carried out in a sterile environment, the temperature of the fresh-cutting preferably being 6-8 ℃, more preferably 7-8 ℃, still more preferably 8 ℃. The sterile environment of the present invention is preferably a sterile refrigeration station. The conventional vegetable fresh-cutting processing in the prior art is carried out on a common operation table, and the risk of vegetable infection by harmful bacteria is obviously increased. The fresh-cutting processing of the sprouts is carried out on an aseptic and refrigerated operation table, and the operation of the aseptic operation table can prevent the fresh-cutting process from being infected with a large amount of harmful bacteria and reduce the decay rate of the sprouts; the refrigerating operation can lead the sprouts to be at low temperature, and slow down the mechanical damage of fresh cutting to the sprouts to cause the rising of respiratory heat so as to prolong the fresh-keeping period of the sprouts.
After fresh-cut sprouts are obtained, the fresh-cut sprouts are sequentially cleaned, sprayed with a spraying agent after picking, irradiated by an LED lamp and packaged. The cleaning of the invention is preferably carried out by adopting sterile water, and draining water after cleaning. The temperature of the sterile water according to the present invention is preferably 2 to 6 ℃, more preferably 4 to 6 ℃, and even more preferably 6 ℃. The post-harvest spray of the present invention is described above and will not be described in detail herein. The mass ratio of the fresh-cut sprouts to the post-harvest spray agent is preferably 500g when the post-harvest spray agent is sprayed every time: (3-5) mL, more preferably 500g: (4-5) mL, more preferably 500g:5mL; the number of spraying times of the post-harvest spraying agent is preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 3. The edible fresh-keeping film with the thickness of 0.01-0.02 mm can be formed on the surface of the fresh-cut sprouts after the spray coating agent is sprayed.
After spraying the spray coating agent after picking, the invention preferably carries out cold air drying on the fresh-cut sprouts and then carries out LED lamp irradiation. The parameters of the cold air drying are preferably 8-10 ℃ and 2-3 m/s of wind speed. The LED lamp is used for irradiation, the wavelength of the LED red lamp is 650-670 nm and the wavelength of the LED blue lamp is 400-450 nm, and the fresh-cut sprouts are preferably placed at a position which is 15-20 cm right below the LED lamp for irradiation, wherein the irradiation time is preferably 8-10 hours, more preferably 8.5-9.5 hours, and even more preferably 9 hours; the irradiation intensity is preferably 20 to 30. Mu. Mol.m -2 ·s -1 More preferably 25 to 30. Mu. Mol.m -2 ·s -1 More preferably 30. Mu. Mol.m -2 ·s -1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The temperature at the time of irradiation is preferably 2 to 6 ℃, more preferably 4 to 6 ℃, still more preferably 6 ℃; the relative humidity is preferably 85 to 90%, more preferably 85 to 88%, and still more preferably 85%. The LED lamp has the advantages of narrow output spectrum, good monochromaticity, low power supply voltage, energy conservation, high efficiency, cold light source, small volume, strong stability, no pollution and long service life, wherein the red light and the blue light of the LED are absorbed and converted by chlorophyll, and the color change of the green leaf vegetables in the storage process is slowed down. Unlike available patent and literature, the present invention combines natural product preservative and LED red blue lamp to treat fresh-cut bud, especially aralia elata, and has improved fresh-cut technology, reduced color change of fresh-cut bud, especially aralia elata, and obvious effect of inhibiting oxidation browning, aging fibrosis, decay and deterioration of fresh-cut bud, especially aralia elata, and delayed loss of chlorophyll, total sugar, total phenol and other nutrients. The LED lamp provided by the invention is prepared from a conventional commercial product.
After the LED lamp irradiates, the fresh-cut sprouts are packaged. The packaging environment temperature of the present invention is preferably 6 to 8 ℃, more preferably 7 to 8 ℃, and even more preferably 8 ℃. The package of the present invention preferably comprises a package and a case. In the packaging process, the fresh-cut sprouts are preferably filled into a fresh-keeping box, and the temperature is preferably 6-8 ℃. The invention has no special limitation on the source and the size of the preservation box, and the preservation box is prepared by adopting conventional products. The preservation box is preferably a plastic box made of single-hole transparent polypropylene (PP); the specification of the preservation box is preferably 1.8-2.0 mm in thickness, 14cm long by 10cm wide by 8cm high. Each fresh-keeping box is preferably filled with 250g of fresh-cut sprouts. In the boxing process, the fresh-cut bud vegetable fresh-keeping box is preferably placed into a turnover device, the turnover device is made of plastic, and the turnover device is preferably a second turnover basket. The second peripheral plastic basket of the present invention is preferably a perforated, transparent, foldable and stackable plastic basket of polypropylene (PP). The second turnover plastic basket of the invention is preferably 10-12 mm thick, 60cm long by 43cm wide by 36cm high.
After the encapsulation, the temperature of the environment in which the sprouts obtained by the encapsulation of the present invention are placed is preferably 2 to 6 ℃, more preferably 3 to 6 ℃, and even more preferably 6 ℃. In the embodiment of the invention, after the packaging, the fresh-cut sprouts are stored, transported and sold in a place with the environmental temperature of 2-6 ℃. The ambient temperature is preferably 2 to 6 ℃, more preferably 3 to 6 ℃, and even more preferably 6 ℃. The invention has no special requirements on the places of storage, transportation and sales, and the conventional places of storage, transportation and sales are selected to meet the requirements of the environmental temperature. The invention preferably places the second turnover plastic basket filled with the fresh-cut sprouts into a refrigerator for storage. The second turnover plastic basket filled with the fresh-cut sprouts is preferably moved into a refrigerator car from a refrigerator and transported to a selling place. The invention preferably places the fresh-cut sprouts into a refrigerated cabinet for sale.
The fresh-keeping method of the invention aims at the characteristics of easy color change, aging and decay of the fresh-cut sprouts, and fundamentally solves the problems in the fresh-keeping of the sprouts. The fresh-keeping effect of the sprouts is achieved through spraying the spraying agent before picking, harvesting, precooling, fresh-cutting, cleaning, spraying the spraying agent after picking, irradiating by an LED lamp, packaging, storing, transporting and selling, and the fresh-keeping period of the fresh-cut sprouts, especially the aralia elata seem, is further prolonged through a whole-flow cold chain.
The green fresh-keeping method for the fresh-cut sprouts, particularly the aralia elata seem, disclosed by the invention, can be used for obviously inhibiting the increase of the total number of colonies, the respiration intensity, the hardness and the decay rate of the fresh-cut sprouts, particularly the aralia elata seem, delaying the decrease of chlorophyll, total sugar and total phenol, and obviously prolonging the fresh-keeping period of the fresh-cut sprouts to more than 12 days, and is convenient to apply, simple to operate, green and safe, and good in economic benefit and social benefit.
For further explanation of the present invention, a compound preservative, a preparation method and a bud preservation method provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Example 1-1 composition and preparation of Compound preservative
Pre-harvest spray: weighing 0.003g of methyl jasmonate, 11g of pea protein and 88.997g of water, fully mixing, homogenizing for 2.5min at a speed of 12000r/min by using a high-speed homogenizer to obtain a primary emulsion, homogenizing for 2min at a high pressure of 70MPa by using a high-pressure homogenizer at a high-pressure homogenizing speed of 12000rpm, and finally obtaining an emulsified solution of the pre-harvest spray agent, and preserving at 4 ℃.
Spraying agent after picking: 1.0g of phytic acid, 1.2g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05g of citral essential oil, 1.0g of glycerin and 96.75g of water are weighed and fully mixed, homogenized for 2.5min at 12000r/min by a high-speed homogenizer to obtain a primary emulsion, and then the primary emulsion is homogenized for 2min at 70MPa by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a spray emulsion solution after picking, and the spray emulsion solution is stored at 4 ℃.
The embodiment 1-2 is a fresh-cut aralia elata seem cold chain green preservation method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) bagging: 2 days before harvesting, selecting mature, fresh and non-damaged aralia elata seem with length of 14cm and no plant diseases and insect pests, and sleeving the isolation bag on the mature aralia elata seem branch to avoid sleeving the isolation bag on other immature aralia elata seem branches. The isolation bag is transparent, has thickness of 0.8mm, size of 20cm long by 10cm wide, and oxygen permeability of 0.1cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 ·KPa -1 A plastic bag made of Polyethylene (PE). Root of Aralia elataJudging the mature condition according to the length, wherein the mature aralia elata bud grows to 10-15 cm, and the immature aralia elata bud does not grow to 10 cm.
(2) Spraying the pre-harvest spray obtained in example 1-1: the emulsion solution of the pre-harvest spraying agent is put into a spray can with scales, sprayed twice before harvest, sprayed once a day, and sprayed with 15mL of each aralia elata seem. Spraying the emulsion of the pre-harvest spraying agent in the embodiment 1-1 to the aralia elata seem in the bag, opening the bag mouth every time the emulsion is sprayed, and fastening after the spraying is finished, so that the natural inhibitor is prevented from being dissipated into the air, and the growth of other aralia elata seem is prevented. According to the invention, each aralia elata seem, namely, each aralia elata seem is sleeved with an isolation bag, and 15mL of pre-harvest spraying agent is sprayed.
(3) Harvesting: and after spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent for 2 days, taking down the isolation bag for recycling. Cutting off the aralia elata seem with a sterilizing scissors, cutting off the aralia elata seem with a skin thorn and a small number of branches, harvesting the aralia elata seem, placing the aralia elata seem into a first rotating basket, and placing the aralia elata seem into a first rotating basket, wherein the length of the aralia elata seem is 13cm and the length of the branches is 1 cm. The aralia elata seem put into the first rotating basket is piled up to be 6cm, gaps (the size of the gaps is 0.2-0.3 cm) are needed among the aralia elata seem, and the respiratory heat cannot be dissipated. The first revolving basket is a plastic basket which is provided with holes, transparent, foldable, stackable, 12mm in thickness, 60cm long by 43cm wide by 8cm high and made of polypropylene (PP).
(4) Precooling: and (3) putting the turnover basket with the aralia elata seem into an air-cooled precooling warehouse for precooling at the precooling temperature of 4 ℃ for 10 hours at the precooling air speed of 5m/s. After precooling, the mixture is transferred into a refrigerator for storage, and the temperature of the refrigerator is 4 ℃.
(5) Fresh-cut: precooling for 2h, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on a sterile refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 6 ℃, cutting off the root with a small amount of branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 10 cm.
(6) Cleaning: cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 4 ℃, and draining water after cleaning.
(7) Spraying the postharvest spray obtained in the example 1-1 and irradiating with an LED lamp: spraying the picked spray agent on the surface of fresh-cut aralia elata seem to form an edible fresh-keeping film, spraying 500g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be 4 times, spraying 3 mL each time, drying the film on the surface of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem with cold air, wherein the film thickness is 0.015mm, And (5) drying by cold air and simultaneously irradiating by an LED lamp. The parameters of the cold air drying are that the temperature is 8 ℃ and the wind speed is 2m/s. The LED lamp is used for irradiation, the wavelength of the LED red lamp is 650nm and the wavelength of the blue lamp is 400nm, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put under the LED lamp for 17cm for irradiation, the irradiation time is 10 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 25 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The ambient temperature during irradiation was 4℃and the relative humidity was 87%.
(8) And (3) packaging: packaging: fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into fresh-keeping boxes, 250g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into each fresh-keeping box, and the packaging environment temperature is 6 ℃. The preservation box is a plastic box which is single-hole, transparent, has the thickness of 1.9mm, and has the size of 14cm long by 10cm wide by 8cm high and is made of polypropylene (PP). And (5) recharging: and (5) putting the fresh-cut aralia elata seem fresh-keeping box into a turnover basket, and boxing at the environmental temperature of 6 ℃. The turnover basket is a plastic basket which is provided with holes, transparent, foldable, stackable, 12mm in thickness and 60cm long by 43cm wide by 36cm high and is made of polypropylene (PP).
(9) And (3) storage: the turnover basket with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is placed into a refrigerator for storage, and the temperature of the refrigerator is 4 ℃.
(10) Transportation: the turnover basket with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is carried into a refrigerator car from a refrigerator, and is transported to a selling place, and the temperature of the refrigerator car is 4 ℃.
(11) Sales: carrying the turnover basket with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem into a supermarket refrigerator in a sales place by a refrigerator car, wherein the temperature of the supermarket refrigerator is 4 ℃; during sales, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is placed in a supermarket refrigerated cabinet for sales, and the temperature of the refrigerated cabinet is 4 ℃.
Example 2
Example 2-1 composition and preparation of Compound preservative
Pre-harvest spray: weighing 0.002g of methyl jasmonate, 12g of pea protein and 87.998g of water, fully mixing, homogenizing for 3min at 13000r/min by using a high-speed homogenizer to obtain a pre-harvest spray primary emulsion, homogenizing for 2min at 60MPa by using a high-pressure homogenizer to finally obtain a pre-harvest spray emulsified solution, and preserving at 4 ℃.
Spraying agent after picking: weighing 0.8g of phytic acid, 1.4g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.03g of citral essential oil, 1.5g of glycerol and 96.27g of water, fully mixing, homogenizing for 3min at 13000r/min by using a high-speed homogenizer to obtain a primary emulsion, homogenizing for 2min at 65MPa by using a high-pressure homogenizer at 12000rpm to obtain a spray emulsion after being picked, and preserving at 4 ℃.
Example 2-2A fresh-cut aralia elata seem cold chain green preservation method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) bagging: 2 days before harvesting, selecting mature, fresh, non-damaged and pest-free aralia elata seem with the length of 15cm, and sleeving the isolation bag on the mature aralia elata seem branch to avoid sleeving the isolation bag on other immature aralia elata seem branches. The isolation bag is transparent, has thickness of 1.0mm, size of 20cm long by 10cm wide, and oxygen permeability of 0.06cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 ·KPa -1 A plastic bag made of Polyethylene (PE).
(2) Spraying the pre-harvest spray obtained in example 2-1: the emulsion solution of the pre-harvest spraying agent is put into a spray can with scales, sprayed twice before harvest, sprayed once a day, and sprayed with 14mL of each aralia elata seem. Spraying the emulsion of the pre-harvest spraying agent obtained in the embodiment 2-1 into the bag, opening the bag mouth every time the emulsion is sprayed, and fastening after the spraying is finished, so that the natural inhibitor is prevented from escaping into the air, and the growth of other aralia elata seem is prevented.
(3) Harvesting: and after spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent for 2 days, taking down the isolation bag for recycling. Cutting off the aralia elata seem with a sterilizing scissors, cutting off the aralia elata seem with a skin thorn and a small amount of branches, harvesting the aralia elata seem, and placing the aralia elata seem into a turnover basket, wherein the length of the aralia elata seem is 12cm and the length of the branches is 2 cm. The aralia elata seem put into the turnover basket is piled up to be 7cm in height, and gaps (the size of the gaps is 0.2-0.3 cm) are needed among the aralia elata seem, so that the respiratory heat cannot be dissipated. The turnover basket is a plastic basket which is provided with holes, transparent, foldable, stackable, 11mm in thickness, 60cm long by 43cm wide by 8cm high and made of polypropylene (PP).
(4) Precooling: and (3) putting the turnover basket with the aralia elata seem into an air-cooled precooling warehouse for precooling at the precooling temperature of 8 ℃ for 9 hours at the precooling air speed of 5m/s. After precooling, the mixture is transferred into a refrigerator for storage, and the temperature of the refrigerator is 6 ℃.
(5) Fresh-cut: precooling for 2h, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table with the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root with a small amount of branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm.
(6) Cleaning: cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning.
(7) Spraying the post-harvest spraying agent and irradiating with an LED lamp: the obtained spray coating agent obtained in the example 2-1 is sprayed on the surface of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem to form an edible fresh-keeping film, 500g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is sprayed for 3 times, 5 mL times of spraying are performed each time, the film on the surface of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is dried by cold air, the film thickness is 0.02mm, and the cold air is dried and irradiated by an LED lamp. The parameters of the cold air drying are that the temperature is 8 ℃ and the wind speed is 2m/s. The LED lamp is used for irradiation, the wavelength of the LED red lamp is 650nm and the wavelength of the blue lamp is 400nm, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put under the LED lamp for 15cm for irradiation, the irradiation time is 9 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 30 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The ambient temperature during irradiation was 6℃and the relative humidity was 85%.
(8) And (3) packaging: packaging includes packaging and boxing. And (3) packaging: fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into fresh-keeping boxes, each fresh-keeping box contains 250g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem, and the packaging environment temperature is 8 ℃. The preservation box is a plastic box which is single-hole, transparent, has the thickness of 1.8mm, and has the size of 14cm long by 10cm wide by 8cm high and is made of polypropylene (PP). Boxing: and placing the fresh-cut aralia elata seem fresh-keeping box into a second turnover basket, and boxing at the ambient temperature of 8 ℃. The turnover basket is a plastic basket which is provided with holes, transparent, foldable, stackable, 11mm in thickness and 60cm long by 43cm wide by 36cm high and is made of polypropylene (PP).
(9) And (3) storage: the turnover basket with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is placed into a refrigerator for storage, and the temperature of the refrigerator is 6 ℃.
(10) Transportation: the turnover basket with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is carried into a refrigerator car from a refrigerator, and is transported to a selling place, and the temperature of the refrigerator car is 6 ℃.
(11) Sales: carrying the turnover basket with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem into a supermarket refrigerator in a sales place by a refrigerator car, wherein the temperature of the supermarket refrigerator is 6 ℃; during sales, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is placed in a supermarket refrigerated cabinet for sales, and the temperature of the refrigerated cabinet is 6 ℃.
Example 3
Example 3-1 composition and preparation of Compound preservative
Pre-harvest spray: weighing 0.001g of methyl jasmonate, 10g of pea protein and 89.999g of water, fully mixing, homogenizing for 2min at a speed of 11000r/min by using a high-speed homogenizer to obtain a pre-harvest spray primary emulsion, homogenizing for 2min at a high pressure of 65MPa by using the pre-harvest spray primary emulsion by using the high-pressure homogenizer at a high-pressure homogenizing speed of 12000rpm, and finally obtaining a pre-harvest spray emulsified solution, and preserving at 4 ℃.
Spraying agent after picking: weighing 0.6g of phytic acid, 1.0g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.01g of citral essential oil, 0.5g of glycerin and 97.899g of water, fully mixing, homogenizing for 2min at 11000r/min by using a high-speed homogenizer to obtain a primary emulsion, homogenizing for 2min at 60MPa by using a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a spray emulsion solution after picking, and preserving at 4 ℃.
Example 3-2
The cold chain green fresh-keeping method for fresh-cut aralia elata seem comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) bagging: 2 days before harvesting, selecting mature, fresh and non-damaged aralia elata seem with length of 13cm and no plant diseases and insect pests, and sleeving the isolation bag on the mature aralia elata seem branch to avoid sleeving the isolation bag on other immature aralia elata seem branches. The isolation bag is transparent, has thickness of 0.9mm, size of 20cm long by 10cm wide, and oxygen permeability of 0.08cm 3 ·m -2 ·d -1 ·KPa -1 A plastic bag made of Polyethylene (PE).
(2) Spraying the pre-harvest spray obtained in example 3-1: the emulsion solution of the pre-harvest spraying agent is put into a spray can with scales, sprayed twice before harvest, sprayed once a day, and sprayed with 12mL of each aralia elata seem. Spraying the emulsion of the pre-harvest spraying agent to the aralia elata seem in the bag, opening the bag opening every time the emulsion is sprayed, and fastening after the spraying is finished, so that the pre-harvest spraying agent is prevented from being dissipated into the air, and the growth of other aralia elata seem is prevented.
(3) Harvesting: after spraying the pre-harvest spray obtained in example 3-1 for 2 days, the isolation bags were removed and recycled. Cutting off the aralia elata seem with a sterilizing scissors, cutting off the aralia elata seem with a skin thorn and a small number of branches, harvesting the aralia elata seem, placing the aralia elata seem into a first rotating basket, and placing the aralia elata seem into a first rotating basket, wherein the length of the aralia elata seem is 14cm and the length of the branches is 1.5 cm. The height of the aralia elata seem pile placed in the first rotating basket is lower than 6.5cm, and gaps (the size of the gaps is 0.2-0.3 cm) are reserved among the aralia elata seem, so that respiratory heat cannot be dissipated. The first revolving basket is a plastic basket which is provided with holes, transparent, foldable, stackable, 10mm in thickness, 60cm long by 43cm wide by 8cm high and made of polypropylene (PP).
(4) Precooling: and (3) putting the first turnover basket filled with the aralia elata seem into an air-cooled precooling warehouse for precooling at the precooling temperature of 6 ℃ for 8 hours at the precooling air speed of 5m/s. After precooling, the mixture is transferred into a refrigerator for storage, and the temperature of the refrigerator is 2 ℃.
(5) Fresh-cut: precooling for 2h, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on a sterile refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 7 ℃, cutting off the root with a small amount of branches, and trimming into fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 11 cm.
(6) Cleaning: cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 2 ℃, and draining water after cleaning.
(7) Fresh-keeping: the obtained spray coating agent obtained in the example 3-1 is sprayed on the surface of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem to form an edible fresh-keeping film, 500g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is sprayed for 2 times, 3mL of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is sprayed each time, the film on the surface of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is dried by cold air, the film thickness is 0.01mm, and the cold air is dried and irradiated by an LED lamp. The parameters of the cold air drying are that the temperature is 8 ℃ and the wind speed is 2m/s. The LED lamp is used for irradiation, the wavelength of the LED red lamp is 650nm and the wavelength of the blue lamp is 400nm, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put under the LED lamp for irradiation at a position of 20cm, the irradiation time is 8 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 20 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The ambient temperature during irradiation was 2℃and the relative humidity was 90%.
(8) And (3) packaging: packaging includes packaging and boxing. And (3) packaging: fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into fresh-keeping boxes, 250g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into each fresh-keeping box, and the packaging environment temperature is 7 ℃. The preservation box is a plastic box which is single-hole, transparent, has the thickness of 2.0mm, and has the size of 14cm long by 10cm wide by 8cm high and is made of polypropylene (PP). Boxing: and placing the fresh-cut aralia elata seem fresh-keeping box into a second turnover basket, and boxing at the temperature of 7 ℃. The second turnover basket is a plastic basket which is provided with holes, transparent, foldable, stackable, 10mm in thickness, 60cm long by 43cm wide by 36cm high and made of polypropylene (PP).
(9) And (3) storage: and (5) placing the second turnover basket filled with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem into a refrigerator for storage, wherein the temperature of the refrigerator is 2 ℃.
(10) Transportation: and (3) carrying the second transfer basket filled with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem into a refrigerator car from a refrigerator, and transporting the second transfer basket to a selling place, wherein the temperature of the refrigerator car is 2 ℃.
(11) Sales: the second transfer basket filled with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is carried into a supermarket refrigerator in a sales place by a refrigerator car, and the temperature of the supermarket refrigerator is 2 ℃; during sales, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is placed in a supermarket refrigerated cabinet for sales, and the temperature of the refrigerated cabinet is 2 ℃.
Comparative example 1
The post-harvest spray was not applied nor was the LED lamp irradiated, and the other conditions were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Bagging and spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent are not carried out. 500g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is sprayed 3 times when the post-harvest spraying agent is sprayed, 4mL of the spraying agent is sprayed each time, and the rest conditions are the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
The whole fresh-keeping process is carried out at normal temperature, and is not carried out with pre-cooling, cold air drying and low-temperature cleaning, fresh-cut in a sterile refrigeration operation table and refrigeration and cold chain transportation. The spray before picking was not applied, 500g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem was sprayed 4 times with 4mL of each spray when the spray after picking was applied, and the remaining conditions were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 4
The components of the spray agent after the spray agent is phytic acid, carboxymethyl chitosan and glycerin, and the spray agent after the spray agent is adopted comprises 0.8% of phytic acid, 1.4% of carboxymethyl chitosan and 1.5% of glycerin by mass percent. The LED lamp irradiation was not performed, and the other conditions were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 5
The components of the spray agent after the spray agent is citral essential oil, carboxymethyl chitosan and glycerin, and the spray agent after the spray agent is adopted comprises, by mass, 0.04% of citral essential oil, 1.4% of carboxymethyl chitosan and 1.5% of glycerin. The LED lamp irradiation was not performed, and the other conditions were the same as in example 2.
The rot rate and damage rate of the aralia elata seem of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were measured at 8 days of storage and 12 days of storage, and the quality index of the aralia elata seem at 8 days of storage was measured at the same time: the specific method for preparing the aralia elata seem comprises the following steps of:
(1) The definition of the rotting buds and the damaged buds of the aralia elata seem and the calculation method of the rotting rate and the damaged rate are as follows:
and (5) investigating the rotting condition of the aralia elata seem in the fresh-keeping process, wherein the rotting condition is counted into rotting buds by judging whether the aralia elata seem is rotted by more than 30%.
And (5) investigating damage conditions of the aralia elata seem in the fresh-keeping process, wherein the damage conditions are counted into damaged buds according to the judgment standard when the aralia elata seem is more than 30%.
(2) The quality index measurement method of the aralia elata seem is as follows:
(1) and (5) measuring the total number of the colonies. Colony count measurement the colony count was calculated by the method described in GB 4789.2-2016 national Standard colony count measurement for food safety.
(2) And (5) measuring respiration intensity. The measurement is carried out by adopting a SY-1022 type fruit and vegetable respiration measuring instrument, the measurement interval is 1min, and the result is expressed as mgco in terms of fresh weight 2 ·kg -1 ·h -1 。
(3) And (5) measuring hardness. The stem of the non-decayed sample was measured using a CT3 texture analyzer (Bohler, inc. of USA), cut into 5cm thick pieces and placed on a sample stage. Selecting test parameters: the pre-pressing speed is 2.0mm/s, the pressing speed is 0.5mm/s, the upward speed after pressing is 0.5mm/s, the trigger point load is 0.05N, and the probe test distance is 4.0mm. TPA function curve, the highest peak force value in the first compression cycle is the durometer value in N.
(4) And (5) measuring chlorophyll content. The absorbance values at the wavelengths 665 and 649nm are detected by an ethanol-acetone extraction method by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the result is expressed in mg/g by fresh weight.
(5) And (6) measuring the total sugar content. The standard curve is established by using a glucose standard and the unit is mg/g based on fresh weight by adopting an anthrone-sulfuric acid method and detecting the absorbance value at a wavelength of 620nm by an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu corporation).
(6) And (5) measuring the total phenol content. The standard curve is established by using gallic acid standard substances by adopting the Fu Lin Fen method and detecting the absorbance value at the wavelength of 765nm by using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the unit is mg/g by using fresh weight.
The fresh-keeping results of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 1 for examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5.
TABLE 1 fresh-keeping Effect of fresh-cut aralia elata seem in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 when stored for 8 days and 12 days
Note that: in the table "±values" represent error values, and different lower case english letters after data represent significance of the difference at the 5% level, as follows.
As can be seen from Table 1, the total number of colonies, respiration intensity, hardness, and decay rate of examples 1 to 3 were significantly lower than those of comparative examples 1 to 5, and the chlorophyll, total sugar, and total phenol contents of examples 1 to 3 were significantly higher than those of comparative examples 1 to 5; the decay rate of the examples 1-3 is not more than 5% when the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is stored for 8 days, the decay rate of the examples 1-3 is not more than 10% when the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is stored for 12 days, and the fresh-cut aralia elata seem can still be normally sold; and the decay rate of the comparative examples 1-5 exceeds 30% when stored for 8 days, and the decay rate of the comparative examples 1-5 exceeds 60% when stored for 12 days, so that the normal sale of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is seriously affected. The full-process cold chain green method in the embodiment of the invention has remarkable inhibition effect on respiration metabolism, harmful microorganism growth, nutrient loss and the like of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem, so that quality changes such as green loss, hardening, aging and decay are slowed down, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem fresh-keeping period is remarkably prolonged, and the purposes of being green, safe and remarkable in fresh-keeping effect are achieved.
Comparative example 6
1 mature aralia elata seem, the length of the mature aralia elata seem is 14cm, the pre-harvest spraying agent is not sprayed before harvest, bagging treatment is not carried out, and harvesting is directly carried out.
Comparative example 7
1 mature aralia elata seem, the length of the mature aralia elata seem is 14cm, the pre-harvest spraying agent is not sprayed before the harvest, and the mature aralia elata seem is directly harvested after bagging for 2 days.
Comparative example 8
1 mature aralia elata seem, the length of the mature aralia elata seem is 14cm, bagging treatment is not carried out before picking, and picking is carried out after spraying the pre-picking spraying agent for 2 days before picking. The mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spray is 0.003%, the mass percentage of pea protein is 11% and the balance of water is sprayed 15mL for 2 times.
Comparative example 9
Treating 1 mature aralia elata seem, wherein the length of the mature aralia elata seem is 14cm, and harvesting after bagging before harvesting and spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent for 2 days. The pre-harvest spray was the same as comparative example 8.
Comparative example 10
1 immature aralia elata seem (the length of the immature aralia elata seem is 8 cm) is treated, bagging is not carried out, spraying agent before picking is not sprayed, and the immature aralia elata seem is directly picked.
Comparative example 11
1 immature aralia elata seem (the length of the immature aralia elata seem is 8 cm) is treated, the pre-harvest spraying agent is not sprayed after bagging treatment, and harvesting is carried out after bagging treatment for 2 days.
Comparative example 12
1 immature aralia elata seem (the length of the immature aralia elata seem is 8 cm) is treated, and harvesting is carried out after 2 days of spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent without bagging. The pre-harvest spray was the same as comparative example 8.
Comparative example 13
1 immature aralia elata seem is treated, the length of the immature aralia elata seem is 8cm, and the immature aralia elata seem is harvested after bagging and spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent for 2 days. The pre-harvest spray was the same as comparative example 8.
Comparative examples 6 to 13 are single factor experiments, and only the influence of two treatments of the pre-harvest spray and the bagging on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem is verified, and other operations are not performed. The respiration intensity and hardness of the aralia elata seem and the decay rate of the aralia elata seem at 2 days after harvesting were measured after 2 days of preservation at 4℃in comparative examples 6 to 13. The fresh-keeping results of the aralia elata seem obtained by harvesting in different comparative examples are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem obtained in comparative examples 6 to 13 at 2 days after harvesting
As can be seen from table 2, the 3 indexes measured by the spraying and bagging treatment of the mature aralia elata seem to be significantly lower than those of the other treatments in comparative example 9, which shows that the spraying and bagging treatment significantly inhibits the respiratory metabolism of the aralia elata seem to delay the decay and deterioration of the aralia elata seem. It was also found that the differences between the sprayed + bagging treatment and the un-sprayed immature aralia elata seem to be insignificant, and the 3 indices measured for the sprayed + un-bagged immature aralia elata seem to be significantly higher than for comparative example 12, indicating that the bagging treatment effectively isolates the pre-harvest spray from escaping, preventing the pre-harvest spray from inhibiting the immature aralia elata seem to reduce yield.
Comparative example 14
The pre-harvest spraying agent is sprayed after 1 aralia elata seem bud is bagged, and the pre-harvest spraying agent only contains pea protein, and the mass percentage of the pea protein is 11%. The pre-harvest spray is sprayed 1 time per day, 15mL each time, and 2 times in total. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 15
The pre-harvest spray is sprayed after the aralia elata bud is bagged, the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spray is 0.0005%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 11%. The pre-harvest spray application dose and number were the same as comparative example 14.
Comparative example 16
Spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent after bagging the aralia elata, wherein the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spraying agent is 0.001%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 11%. The pre-harvest spray application dose and number were the same as comparative example 14.
Comparative example 17
The pre-harvest spray is sprayed after the aralia elata bud is bagged, the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spray is 0.002%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 11%. The pre-harvest spray application dose and number were the same as comparative example 14.
Comparative example 18
The pre-harvest spray is sprayed after the aralia elata bud is bagged, the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spray is 0.003%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 11%. The pre-harvest spray application dose and number were the same as comparative example 14.
Comparative example 19
The pre-harvest spray is sprayed after the aralia elata bud is bagged, the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spray is 0.004%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 11%. The pre-harvest spray application dose and number were the same as comparative example 14.
Comparative examples 14 to 19 are single factor experiments, and only the influence of the components of the pre-harvest spray and the content of methyl jasmonate on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem was verified, and no other operation was performed. The results of the influence of respiration intensity and decay rate after 2 days of collection and preservation of aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the respiration intensity and the decay rate of the aralia elata seem to be significantly lower than those of the unused aralia elata seem to be significantly different from those of the aralia elata seem to be 0.003% and 0.004% in terms of mass percentage, and the difference between 0.0005% and 0.001% in terms of mass percentage of methyl jasmonate is significant, which indicates that the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate is 0.001-0.003% and the fresh-keeping effect on the aralia elata seem to be better.
TABLE 3 determination of the respiration intensity and decay Rate of aralia elata seem of comparative examples 14 to 19 2 days after harvesting
Comparative example 20
The pre-harvest spray is sprayed after the aralia elata is covered and bagged, and the pre-harvest spray only contains methyl jasmonate, and the mass percentage of the methyl jasmonate is 0.003%. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 21
Spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent after bagging the aralia elata, wherein the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spraying agent is 0.003%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 9%. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 22
Spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent after bagging the aralia elata, wherein the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spraying agent is 0.003%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 10%. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 23
Spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent after bagging the aralia elata, wherein the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spraying agent is 0.003%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 11%. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 24
Spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent after bagging the aralia elata, wherein the weight percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spraying agent is 0.003%, and the respiration intensity and the decay rate of the aralia elata are when the weight percentage of pea protein is 12%. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 25
Spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent after bagging the aralia elata, wherein the mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spraying agent is 0.003%, and the mass percentage of pea protein is 13%. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative examples 20 to 25 are single factor experiments, and verify the influence of the components of the pre-harvest spray and the pea protein content on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem, and no other operation is performed. The respiration intensity and the decay rate of the aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 4 for comparative examples 20 to 25 after harvesting for 2 days. As can be seen from Table 4, the respiration intensity and the decay rate of the aralia elata seem to be significantly lower than those of the unused aralia elata seem to be better when the pre-harvest spray contains 10-12% of the pea protein by mass.
TABLE 4 comparative examples 20 to 25 respiration intensity and decay rate of aralia elata after 2 days of harvesting
Note that: the above table uses bagging spray, spray before picking 1 time per day, 15mL each time, 2 times total.
Comparative example 26
The mass percentage of methyl jasmonate in the pre-harvest spray is 0.003 percent and the mass percentage of pea protein is 11 percent, and the dosage of each pre-harvest spray for each aralia elata bud is 5mL. The spray is sprayed by a bagging mode, and the spray is sprayed for 1 time and 2 times each day before the spray is adopted. The preparation method of the pre-harvest spray is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 27
The dosage of the spraying agent before picking each aralia elata seem is 10mL. The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 26.
Comparative example 28
The dosage of the spraying agent before picking each aralia elata seem is 20mL. The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 26.
Comparative example 29
The dosage of the spraying agent before picking each aralia elata seem is 30mL. The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 26.
Comparative example 30
The dosage of the spraying agent before picking each aralia elata seem is 40mL. The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 26.
Comparative example 31
The dosage of the spraying agent before picking each aralia elata seem is 50mL. The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 26.
Comparative examples 26 to 31 are single factor experiments, and only the influence of the dose of the pre-harvest spray on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem was verified, and no other operation was performed. Comparative examples 26 to 31 were subjected to bagging and spraying of the pre-harvest spray alone, and no other operations were performed. The results of the respiration intensity and the decay rate of the aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 5 for comparative examples 26 to 31 after harvesting for 2 days. As is clear from Table 5, the pre-harvest spray has a good effect of suppressing the pre-harvest growth of aralia elata seem when the amount of the pre-harvest spray is 10-30 mL.
TABLE 5 influence of comparative examples 26 to 31 on respiration intensity and decay rate of aralia elata after 2 days of harvesting
Comparative example 32
The pre-harvest spray is not sprayed. And (5) directly harvesting the aralia elata seem after the aralia elata seem is mature.
Comparative example 33
Spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent after bagging the aralia elata seem, wherein the pre-harvest spraying agent is chitosan with the mass percentage of 0.3%, and harvesting after spraying for 2 days. The pre-harvest spray is sprayed 1 time a day for 2 times, and 15mL of each aralia elata seem is sprayed each time.
Comparative example 34
The pre-harvest spray is salicylic acid with the mass percent of 0.03 percent, and the rest conditions are the same as those of the comparative example 33.
Comparative example 35
The pre-harvest spray is 0.0003%1-MCP by mass, and the rest conditions are the same as in comparative example 33.
Comparative example 36
The pre-harvest spray is methyl jasmonate with the mass percentage of 0.003 percent, and the rest conditions are the same as those of the comparative example 33.
Comparative examples 32 to 36 are single factor experiments, only the influence of the pre-harvest spray of different components on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem is verified, and other operations are not performed. The fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 6 after 2 days of harvesting of comparative examples 32-36, and methyl jasmonate is a natural growth inhibitor with good effect of inhibiting the aralia elata before harvesting according to Table 6.
TABLE 6 influence of natural and artificial Synthesis on fresh-keeping effect of aralia elata seem at 2 days after harvesting
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Comparative example 37
Bagging before picking of aralia elata seem, spraying the pre-picking spraying agent of the invention, wherein 100g of emulsifying solution of the pre-picking spraying agent is prepared by fully mixing and homogenizing 0.002% by mass of methyl jasmonate, 12% by mass of pea protein and the balance of water, and the preparation method of the pre-picking spraying agent is the same as that of example 1; spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent for 1 time every day, spraying 12mL of each aralia elata seem for 2 times, and placing the aralia elata seem into a turnover plastic basket after harvesting.
Comparative example 38
The aralia elata seem is picked and put into a turnover carton, and the rest conditions are the same as those of comparative example 37.
Comparative example 39
The aralia elata seem is picked and placed in a turnover foam box, and the rest conditions are the same as those of comparative example 37.
Comparative example 40
The aralia elata seem is picked and put into a turnover air-conditioning bag, and the other conditions are the same as comparative example 37.
Comparative example 41
The aralia elata seem is collected and placed in a turnover plastic net bag, and the other conditions are the same as those of comparative example 37.
Comparative examples 37 to 41 are single factor experiments, only the influence of the turnover device on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem is verified, and other operations are not performed. Comparative examples 37-41 the damage rate and the rotting rate of the aralia elata seem to be shown in table 7 after harvesting for 2 days, and the damage rate and the rotting rate of the aralia elata seem to be significantly lower than those of other turnover modes when the turnover plastic basket is used for harvesting, which shows that the turnover plastic basket is most suitable for harvesting aralia elata.
TABLE 7 Damage and decay Rate of aralia elata seem of comparative examples 37-41 after 2 days of harvesting
Comparative example 42
Cutting and cleaning the aralia elata seem, removing the skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table with the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain the fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. Post-harvest spray was not used.
Comparative example 43
The fresh-cut and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem was identical to the treatment of comparative example 42. The post-harvest spray is used, and the post-harvest spray comprises 0.4 mass percent of phytic acid, 0.5 mass percent of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.01 mass percent of citral essential oil, 0.3 mass percent of glycerin and the balance of water. The post-harvest spray preparation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 44
The fresh-cut and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem was identical to the treatment of comparative example 42. The spray coating agent after picking comprises 1.0 percent by mass of phytic acid, 1.2 percent by mass of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05 percent by mass of citral essential oil, 0.1 percent by mass of glycerol and the balance of water. The post-harvest spray preparation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 45
The fresh-cut and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem was identical to the treatment of comparative example 42. The spray coating agent after picking comprises 0.8 percent by mass of phytic acid, 1.4 percent by mass of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.03 percent by mass of citral essential oil, 1.5 percent by mass of glycerol and the balance of water. The post-harvest spray preparation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 46
The fresh-cut and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem was identical to the treatment of comparative example 42. The spray coating agent after picking comprises 0.6 percent by mass of phytic acid, 1.0 percent by mass of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.01 percent by mass of citral essential oil, 0.5 percent by mass of glycerol and the balance of water. The post-harvest spray preparation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 47
The fresh-cut and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem was identical to the treatment of comparative example 42. The spray coating agent after picking comprises 1.5 percent by mass of phytic acid, 1.5 percent by mass of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05 percent by mass of citral essential oil, 1.5 percent by mass of glycerol and the balance of water. The post-harvest spray preparation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 48
The fresh-cut and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem was identical to the treatment of comparative example 42. The spray coating agent after picking comprises 1.0 percent by mass of phytic acid, 1.5 percent by mass of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.08 percent by mass of citral essential oil, 1.0 percent by mass of glycerol and the balance of water. The post-harvest spray preparation was the same as in example 1.
The quality of the aralia elata seem of comparative examples 42-48 is 500g, the amount of the sprayed post-harvest spray is 5mL, and the number of spraying the post-harvest spray is 3; comparative examples 42 to 48 are single factor experiments, only the influence of the picked spray agents with different mass concentrations on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem is verified, and other operations are not performed. The fresh-keeping effect of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 8 when comparative examples 42 to 48 are stored for 8 days. As can be seen from table 8, the total number of fresh-cut aralia elata seem colonies, the respiration intensity and the decay rate of the postharvest spray are significantly lower than those of the postharvest spray, and the chlorophyll content is significantly higher than that of the postharvest spray; the difference of the fresh-keeping effects of comparative examples 46 to 48 is not obvious, the consumption of phytic acid and carboxymethyl chitosan in comparative example 47 is higher, and the consumption of carboxymethyl chitosan and citral essential oil in comparative example 48 is higher, so that raw materials are wasted more in comparative examples 47 to 48 under the same fresh-keeping effect; the preservation effect of comparative example 44 is obviously higher than that of formula 1, which shows that comparative examples 44-46 have good preservation effect on fresh-cut aralia elata seem, and the cost is low, thus achieving the purpose of green preservation. Therefore, when the mass percentage of each component of the spray agent after picking is respectively 0.5 to 1.0 percent of phytic acid, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of citral essential oil and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of glycerol, the spray agent has obvious sterilization and antioxidation browning effects on fresh-cut aralia elata seem, and can well prolong the fresh-keeping period of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem.
Table 8 comparative examples 42 to 48 fresh-keeping effect on fresh-cut aralia elata seem when stored for 8 days
Comparative example 49
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. After 500g of mature aralia elata seem is subjected to fresh cutting and cleaning treatment only, and no LED lamp is used for irradiation after cleaning.
Comparative example 50
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. And (5) carrying out fresh cutting and cleaning treatment on 500g of mature aralia elata seem, and irradiating by using an LED lamp. The irradiation condition of the LED lamp is that the LED white light is adopted, the aralia elata seem is irradiated at the position 25cm below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 5 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 10 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 。
Comparative example 51
The LED lamp irradiation conditions are that the LED red lamp wavelength is 650nm and the blue lamp wavelength is 400nm, the aralia elata seem is irradiated at the position 17cm below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 10 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 25 mu mol m -2 ·s -1 The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 50.
Comparative example 52
The LED lamp irradiation conditions are that the LED red lamp wavelength is 650nm and the blue lamp wavelength is 400nm, the aralia elata seem is irradiated at a position of 15cm right below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 9h, and the irradiation intensity is 30 mu mol m -2 ·s -1 The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 50.
Comparative example 53
The LED lamp has the irradiation conditions of 650nm of LED red lamp wavelength and 400nm of blue lamp wavelength, the aralia elata seem is irradiated at the position of 20cm right below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 8 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 20 mu mol m -2 ·s -1 The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 50.
Comparative example 54
The LED lamp irradiates under the condition that the wavelength of an LED red lamp is 650nm, the aralia elata seem irradiates at the position 25cm below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 12h, and the irradiation intensity is 30 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 50.
Comparative example 55
The LED lamp irradiates under the condition that the wavelength of an LED blue lamp is 400nm, the aralia elata seem irradiates at the position of 10cm right below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 10h, and the irradiation intensity is 40 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The remaining conditions were the same as in comparative example 50.
Comparative examples 49 to 55 are single factor experiments, only the influence of different LED lamp irradiation conditions on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem is verified, and other operations are not performed. The fresh-keeping effect of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 9 in comparative examples 49-55. As can be seen from table 9, the total number of fresh-cut aralia elata seem colonies, the respiration intensity and the decay rate of the LED red-blue light treatment are significantly lower than those of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem colonies, and the chlorophyll content is significantly higher than those of the fresh-cut aralia elata seedlings; comparative example 51, comparative example 52 and comparative example 53 have good fresh-keeping effect on fresh-cut aralia elata seem, and have low cost, thus achieving the purpose of green fresh keeping. Therefore, when the LED lamp irradiates, the LED red lamp wavelength is 650-670 nm and the blue lamp wavelength is 400-450 nm, the irradiation time is 8-10 h, and the irradiation intensity is 20-30 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 The environment temperature is 2-6 ℃ and the relative humidity is 85-90% when the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is irradiated, the fresh-cut aralia elata seem has obvious sterilization and antioxidation browning effects on fresh-cut aralia elata seem, and the fresh-keeping period of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem can be prolonged well.
Table 9 comparative examples 49 to 55 fresh-cut aralia elata seem fresh-keeping effect at 8 days of storage
Comparative example 56
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. After fresh cutting and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem, post-harvest spraying agent is not used and LED irradiation is not performed.
Comparative example 57
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut Aralia elata seem with sterile water at 6deg.CAnd draining after washing. After the fresh cutting and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem, only LED irradiation is used. The LED lamp has the irradiation conditions of 650nm of LED red lamp wavelength and 400nm of blue lamp wavelength, the aralia elata seem is irradiated at the position of 20cm right below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 8 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 20 mu mol m -2 ·s -1 。
Comparative example 58
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. After fresh cutting and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem, only a postharvest spray is used, and the postharvest spray comprises the following components in percentage by mass: benzoic acid 1.0%, and other components 1.2% carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05% citral essential oil and 1.0% glycerol, respectively. 500g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem, the volume ratio of the spray agent after each spray is 5mL, and the spray times of the spray agent after each spray are 3 times. The post-harvest spray preparation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 59
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. After fresh cutting and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem, only a postharvest spray is used, and the postharvest spray comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0% of phytic acid, 1.2% of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05% of citral essential oil and 1.0% of glycerol. The post-harvest spray application and times, post-harvest spray preparation method was the same as comparative example 58.
Comparative example 60
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. After fresh cutting and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem, the adopted spraying agent and the LED are used for irradiation, and the mass percentage of the adopted spraying agent is as follows: benzoic acid 1.0%, carboxymethyl chitosan 1.2%, citral essential oil0.05% and 1.0% glycerol. The LED lamp has the irradiation conditions of 650nm of LED red lamp wavelength and 400nm of blue lamp wavelength, the aralia elata seem is irradiated at the position of 20cm right below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 8 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 20 mu mol m -2 ·s -1 . The post-harvest spray application and times, post-harvest spray preparation method was the same as comparative example 58.
Comparative example 61
Harvesting, removing skin thorns from the aralia elata seem on an aseptic refrigeration operation table at the temperature of 8 ℃, cutting off the root parts of the branches, and trimming to obtain fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 12 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water, wherein the water temperature is 6 ℃, and draining after cleaning. After fresh cutting and cleaning treatment of the aralia elata seem, the adopted spraying agent and the LED are used for irradiation, and the mass percentage of the adopted spraying agent is as follows: 1.0% of phytic acid, 1.2% of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05% of citral essential oil and 1.0% of glycerol. The LED lamp has the irradiation conditions of 650nm of LED red lamp wavelength and 400nm of blue lamp wavelength, the aralia elata seem is irradiated at the position of 20cm right below the LED lamp, the irradiation time is 8 hours, and the irradiation intensity is 20 mu mol m -2 ·s -1 . The post-harvest spray application and times, post-harvest spray preparation method was the same as comparative example 58.
The quality of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem of comparative examples 56-61 is 500g, and comparative examples 56-61 are single factor experiments, only the influence of the combined application of different LED lamp irradiation conditions and the post-harvest spray on the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem is verified, and other operations are not performed. The fresh-keeping effect of comparative examples 56 to 61 when the fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be shown in Table 10, and according to Table 10, the total number of colonies, the respiration intensity and the decay rate of fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be significantly lower than those of unused fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be treated by using the post-harvest spray and the LED irradiation, and the chlorophyll content is significantly higher than that of unused fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be higher than those of unused fresh-cut aralia elata. The application of phytic acid has better preservation effect than benzoic acid, which shows that the spray agent phytic acid and physical LED irradiation combination method after the spray agent is adopted has better safety, sterilization effect and oxidation resistance, and is a green preservation method which is preferably used for fresh-cut aralia elata seem.
Table 10 comparative examples 56-61 fresh-cut aralia elata seem fresh-keeping effect when stored for 8 days
Comparative example 62
Harvesting the aralia elata seem, and then carrying out fresh-cutting, fresh-keeping, storage, transportation and sales at normal temperature (20-25 ℃). The specific process is as follows: removing the skin thorns from the aralia elata seem at normal temperature (20-25 ℃), cutting off the root parts with a small quantity of branches, and trimming to obtain the fresh-cut aralia elata seem with the length of 10 cm. Cleaning fresh-cut aralia elata seem with sterile water at normal temperature (20-25 ℃), cleaning, and draining. The fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into fresh-keeping boxes, and 250g of fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into each fresh-keeping box. And (3) placing the boxed fresh-cut aralia elata seem into a normal-temperature (20-25 ℃) storage warehouse for storage. And (3) carrying the box with the fresh-cut aralia elata seem into a normal-temperature (20-25 ℃) storage vehicle, and transporting to a selling place. And (3) placing the fresh-cut aralia elata seem at normal temperature (20-25 ℃) for sale.
Comparative example 63
The process of fresh-keeping processing, storage, transportation and sales is carried out at normal temperature. The collected aralia elata seem is placed into an air-cooled precooling warehouse for precooling, the precooling temperature is 8 ℃, the precooling time is 9 hours, the precooling air speed is 5m/s, and the rest conditions are the same as those of comparative example 62.
Comparative example 64
After the aralia elata seem is picked, precooling and low-temperature fresh-keeping processing are carried out; the storage, transportation and sales processes are carried out at normal temperature. Collecting Aralia elata seem, pre-cooling in an air-cooled pre-cooling warehouse at 8deg.C for 9h at a pre-cooling speed of 5m/s; trimming the aralia elata seem to be 12cm long on an aseptic refrigeration operation table with the temperature of 8 ℃, washing the aralia elata seem cleanly at the temperature of 8 ℃, and draining water; fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into a fresh-keeping box, and the rest conditions are the same as comparative example 62.
Comparative example 65
Harvesting fresh-cut aralia elata seem, pre-cooling, low-temperature fresh-keeping processing and cold storage; the transportation and sales process is carried out at normal temperature. Collecting Aralia elata seem, pre-cooling in an air-cooled pre-cooling warehouse at 8deg.C for 9h at a pre-cooling speed of 5m/s; trimming the aralia elata seem to be 12cm long on an aseptic refrigeration operation table with the temperature of 8 ℃, washing the aralia elata seem cleanly at the temperature of 8 ℃, and draining water; fresh-cut aralia elata seem is put into a fresh-keeping box, then put into a turnover basket, and put into a refrigerator with the temperature of 6 ℃ for storage, and the rest conditions are the same as those of comparative example 62.
Comparative example 66
And after harvesting the fresh-cut aralia elata seem, a whole-process cold chain is adopted. Collecting Aralia elata seem, pre-cooling in an air-cooled pre-cooling warehouse at 8deg.C for 9h at a pre-cooling speed of 5m/s; trimming the aralia elata seem to be 12cm long on an aseptic refrigeration operation table with the temperature of 8 ℃, washing the aralia elata seem cleanly at the temperature of 8 ℃, and draining water; loading fresh-cut Aralia elata seem into a fresh-keeping box, loading into a turnover basket, and storing in a refrigerator at 6deg.C; refrigerated truck transportation at 6 ℃; sales were made in refrigerated cabinets at a temperature of 6 ℃.
The fresh-cut aralia elata seem of comparative examples 62 to 66 have the same quality of 500g. Comparative examples 62 to 66 were subjected to a fresh-keeping process, and the results are shown in Table 11. As can be seen from Table 11, the total number of colonies, respiration intensity and decay rate of fresh-cut aralia elata seem to be significantly lower than those of other processes by the whole-process cold chain treatment, and the chlorophyll content is significantly higher than those of other processes, which means that the whole-process cold chain can well prolong the fresh-keeping period of fresh-cut aralia elata seem.
Table 11 comparative examples 62-66 fresh-cut aralia elata seem fresh-keeping effect when stored for 8 days
In conclusion, the fresh-keeping effect of the aralia elata seem is achieved through spraying the spraying agent before picking, harvesting, precooling, fresh-cutting, cleaning, spraying the spraying agent after picking, irradiating by an LED lamp, packaging, storing, transporting and selling, and the fresh-keeping period of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem is further prolonged through a whole-flow cold chain.
The green fresh-keeping method for the fresh-cut aralia elata seem can obviously inhibit the increase of the total number of colonies, the respiration intensity, the hardness and the decay rate of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem, delay the decrease of chlorophyll, total sugar and total phenol, obviously prolong the fresh-keeping period of the fresh-cut aralia elata seem to more than 12 days, and has the advantages of convenient application, simple operation, greenness, safety and good economic and social benefits.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The fresh-keeping method for the sprouts is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
bagging and spraying the pre-harvest spraying agent 2 days before the harvest of the sprouts; the pre-harvest spray comprises, by mass, 0.001-0.003% of methyl jasmonate, 10-12% of pea protein and the balance of water; the spraying times of the pre-harvest spraying agent are two times, spraying is carried out once a day, and the using amount of each bud vegetable is (10-15) mL each time during spraying;
spraying for 2 days, and then sequentially harvesting, precooling and cutting to obtain fresh-cut sprouts; the fresh-cutting is completed in a sterile environment, and the temperature of the fresh-cutting is 6-8 ℃;
Sequentially cleaning, spraying a post-harvest spraying agent, irradiating by an LED lamp and packaging the fresh-cut sprouts; the spray coating agent comprises, by mass, 0.5-1.0% of phytic acid, 1.0-1.5% of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.01-0.05% of citral essential oil, 0.5-1.5% of glycerol and the balance of water; the mass ratio of the fresh-cut sprouts to the volume ratio of the spray agent after picking is 500 g: (3-5) mL, wherein the spraying times of the spray agent after picking are 2-4 times;
the LED lamp irradiation selects the LED red lamp wavelength of 650-670 nm and the blue lamp wavelength of 400-450 nm; when the LED lamp irradiates, the distance between the fresh-cut sprouts and the LED lamp is 15-20 cm; the irradiation time is 8-10 h; the irradiation intensity is 20-30 mu mol.m -2 •s -1 The temperature is 2-6 ℃ and the humidity is 85-90% during irradiation; the packaging includes packaging and boxing; the preservation box is adopted during packaging; the preservation box is placed into a turnover device when being packaged, and the turnover device is made of plastic; the packaging temperature is 6-8 ℃; after the packaging, the temperature of the environment where the sprouts are placed is 2-6 ℃.
2. The method for preserving sprouts of claim 1, wherein,
mixing and homogenizing the solvent component of the pre-harvest spray with water to obtain the pre-harvest spray;
Mixing the solvent component of the post-harvest spray with water and homogenizing to obtain the post-harvest spray.
3. The method for preserving sprouts of claim 2, wherein said homogenizing comprises homogenizing at a rotational speed of 10000-13000 rpm for 2-3 min and homogenizing at high pressure; the high-pressure homogenization pressure is 60-70 MPa, the time is 2 min, and the rotating speed is 10000-13000 rpm.
4. The method for preserving sprouts of claim 1, wherein the length of the sprouts before bagging is 12-15 cm; the pre-cooling temperature is 2-6 ℃ and the pre-cooling time is 2-4 hours; sterile water is adopted during cleaning, and the temperature of the sterile water is 2-6 ℃; the length of the fresh-cut sprouts is 10-12 cm.
5. The method of preserving sprouts of claim 1, wherein said pre-harvest spray comprises 0.003% methyl jasmonate, 11% pea protein and balance water, and said post-harvest spray comprises 1.0% phytic acid, 1.2% carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05% citral essential oil, 1.0% glycerol and balance water;
alternatively, the pre-harvest spray comprises 0.002% methyl jasmonate, 12% pea protein and the balance water, and the post-harvest spray comprises 0.8% phytic acid, 1.4% carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.03% citral essential oil, 1.5% glycerol and the balance water;
Alternatively, the pre-harvest spray comprises 0.001% methyl jasmonate, 10% pea protein, and the balance water, and the post-harvest spray comprises 0.6% phytic acid, 1.0% carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.01% citral essential oil, 0.5% glycerol, and the balance water.
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| CN104304425A (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-01-28 | 通化师范学院 | Fresh-cut aralia elata seem coating material and coating preservation method |
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