CN115000466B - Long-term storage method of fuel cell - Google Patents
Long-term storage method of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115000466B CN115000466B CN202210749803.1A CN202210749803A CN115000466B CN 115000466 B CN115000466 B CN 115000466B CN 202210749803 A CN202210749803 A CN 202210749803A CN 115000466 B CN115000466 B CN 115000466B
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- fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a long-term storage method of a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: performing cold purging after the fuel cell is shut down; after cold purging, go toThe air chamber of the fuel cell is filled with nitrogen with the gas pressure P, and the hydrogen chamber is filled with hydrogen with the gas pressure P, wherein the gas pressure P is set to be larger than the current atmospheric pressure P 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And detecting the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the air cavity, stopping introducing nitrogen and hydrogen until the oxygen concentration is less than or equal to a preset reference concentration a%, and placing the fuel cell in a cell storage library for long-term storage. Based on the mode of sealing nitrogen and hydrogen, platinum oxidation caused by a large amount of air entering the inside of the electric pile is avoided, and further the problem of irreversible attenuation of the fuel cell caused by platinum oxidation is avoided. Meanwhile, under the action of pressure difference, external air cannot permeate into the fuel cell, so that oxidation of a catalyst cannot be caused, and the problem of long-term attenuation of a galvanic pile of the fuel cell cannot occur.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell storage, in particular to a long-term storage method of a fuel cell.
Background
As a new energy automobile, the fuel cell automobile has the characteristics of no pollution and zero emission, and is increasingly receiving attention.
The fuel cell has long-term storage before and after being sent to a customer, and the resin ionomer in the proton exchange membrane and the catalytic layer of the fuel cell stored by adopting a common long-term storage method can be gradually dried, and the hydrophobic chain segment and the hydrophilic chain segment which are originally separated are fused in the drying process. This results in the proton exchange membrane itself drying out and being difficult to transfer protons, on the one hand, and the resin ionomer in the catalytic layer is also unable to transfer protons, unable to transport air and produced water. Thus, as the storage time increases, the degree of oxidation of the surface platinum increases and the resin ionomer in the proton exchange membrane and catalytic layer is drier until the original phase separated structure is completely lost. This results in difficulty in the activation process and a longer activation time.
In order to solve the above problems, the conventional method for storing fuel cells for a long time includes: after the fuel cell is shut down, the fuel cell is purged with air to reduce the residual water content in the fuel cell, and then stored for a long time. When the long-term storage method is adopted to store the fuel cell, excessive air can enter the fuel cell to cause irreversible attenuation of partial performance of the fuel cell along with the increase of storage time.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a long-term storage method of a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell is provided with an air cavity and a hydrogen cavity, the air cavity is provided with an air cavity inlet and an air cavity outlet, and the hydrogen cavity is provided with a hydrogen cavity inlet. The long-time storage method comprises the following steps: performing cold purging after the fuel cell is shut down; after the fuel cell is cold purged, introducing nitrogen with the gas pressure of P into an air cavity of the fuel cell through an air cavity inlet, and introducing hydrogen with the gas pressure of P into a hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell through a hydrogen cavity inlet, wherein the gas pressure of P is set to be greater than the current atmospheric pressure P of the environment where the fuel cell is located 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And detecting the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the air cavity of the fuel cell, stopping introducing nitrogen into the air cavity of the fuel cell and stopping introducing hydrogen into the hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell until the oxygen concentration is less than or equal to the preset reference concentration a%, and placing the fuel cell in a cell storage library for long-term storage.
Further, the fuel cell is subjected to cold purging after being shut down, comprising the following steps: cooling the fuel cell after shutdown until the temperature of the fuel cell is reduced to a preset temperature threshold T1; constant current purging is carried out on the fuel cell by using a current I1, the voltage U1 of the fuel cell is detected in real time in the purging process, and if the voltage U1 of the fuel cell is detected to be smaller than a set voltage U0, the constant current purging is stopped; and carrying out constant potential purging on the fuel cell by using the voltage U2, detecting the internal resistance R of the fuel cell in real time in the purging process, and stopping constant potential purging if the internal resistance R of the fuel cell is detected to be larger than the set storage demand internal resistance R0.
Further, when the constant current purging of the fuel cell is performed at the current I1 for a time t1 and the constant potential purging of the fuel cell is performed at the voltage U2 for a time t2, the fuel cellThe total time for cold purging was t=t1+t2, and
，/>
a preset time threshold for cold purging of the fuel cell.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
。
further, the method comprises the steps of,
。
further, the preset reference concentration a% is less than 3%.
Further, the preset reference concentration a% is 0.
Further, before the fuel cell is shut down and subjected to cold purging, the long-term storage method further comprises the following steps: and detecting the performance of the fuel cell after the fuel cell is started, and acquiring the performance index of the fuel cell before storage.
Further, the long-term storage method further comprises the following steps: taking out the fuel cell after long-term storage from the cell storage library; performing performance detection after starting up the fuel cell stored for a long time, and acquiring performance indexes of the fuel cell stored; and comparing the performance index before the storage of the fuel cell with the performance index difference after the storage of the fuel cell.
Further, the performance index is a monolithic voltage of the fuel cell.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
in the long-term storage method of the fuel cell, nitrogen is introduced into the air cavity of the fuel cell after cold purging, hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell, and further the subsequent sealing and storage of the fuel cell are performed, so that the problem of irreversible attenuation of the fuel cell caused by platinum oxidation due to the fact that a large amount of air enters the inside of a galvanic pile of the fuel cell is avoided based on the sealing and storage mode of the nitrogen and the hydrogen. Meanwhile, because the gas pressure of the nitrogen in the air cavity of the fuel cell and the gas pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen cavity are both larger than the current atmospheric pressure of the environment where the fuel cell is located, under the action of the pressure difference, even if the electric pile tightness of the fuel cell is poor, the external air cannot permeate into the fuel cell through the air cavity and the hydrogen cavity (even if a small amount of external air permeates into the electric pile, the external air can be consumed by the hydrogen), so that the catalyst cannot be oxidized, and the long-term attenuation problem of the electric pile of the fuel cell cannot occur.
The summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
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The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method of storing a fuel cell of the present invention for a long time.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "comprising" and variations thereof as used herein means open ended, i.e., "including but not limited to. The term "or" means "and/or" unless specifically stated otherwise. The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment. The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like, may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
The fuel cell has an air chamber having an air chamber inlet and an air chamber outlet, and a hydrogen chamber having a hydrogen chamber inlet and a hydrogen chamber outlet. Referring to fig. 1, the long-term storage method of the fuel cell of the present invention includes steps S1 to S4.
S1, performing cold purging after shutting down the fuel cell; s2, after the fuel cell is subjected to cold purging, introducing nitrogen with gas pressure P into an air cavity of the fuel cell through an air cavity inlet, and introducing hydrogen with gas pressure P into a hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell through a hydrogen cavity inlet, wherein the gas pressure P is set to be greater than the current atmospheric pressure P of the environment where the fuel cell is located 0 (e.g. the current atmospheric pressure P 0 =10 kpa); s3, detecting the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the air cavity of the fuel cell until the oxygen concentration is less than or equal to a preset reference concentration a%, stopping introducing nitrogen into the air cavity of the fuel cell and stopping introducing hydrogen into the hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell, and S4, placing the fuel cell in a cell storage warehouse for long-term storage.
In the long-term storage method of the fuel cell, nitrogen is introduced into the air cavity of the fuel cell after cold purging, hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell, and further the subsequent sealing and storage of the fuel cell are performed, so that the problem of irreversible attenuation of the fuel cell caused by platinum oxidation due to the fact that a large amount of air enters the inside of a galvanic pile of the fuel cell is avoided based on the sealing and storage mode of the nitrogen and the hydrogen. Meanwhile, because the gas pressure of the nitrogen in the air cavity of the fuel cell and the gas pressure of the hydrogen in the hydrogen cavity are both larger than the current atmospheric pressure of the environment where the fuel cell is located, under the action of the pressure difference, even if the electric pile tightness of the fuel cell is poor, the external air cannot permeate into the fuel cell through the air cavity and the hydrogen cavity (even if a small amount of external air permeates into the electric pile, the external air can be consumed by the hydrogen), so that the catalyst cannot be oxidized, and the long-term attenuation problem of the electric pile of the fuel cell cannot occur.
In one embodiment, in step S1, the fuel cell is shut down and then cold purged, specifically including steps S11-S13.
And S11, cooling the fuel cell after shutdown (cooling can be performed through a fan) until the temperature of the fuel cell is reduced to a preset temperature threshold T1. Here, the preset temperature threshold T1 is an ideal purging temperature of the fuel cell, which is calibrated through multiple experiments, if the temperature of the fuel cell is greater than the preset temperature threshold T1, the temperature of the fuel cell is reduced to the preset temperature threshold T1, and after the subsequent constant current purging and constant potential purging are performed, the purging of the fuel cell is too dry, so that after the fuel cell is stored for a long time, the phenomenon that the fuel cell cannot be started occurs.
S12, constant current purging (namely air purging) is carried out on the fuel cell by using the current I1, the voltage U1 of the fuel cell is detected in real time in the purging process, and if the voltage U1 of the fuel cell is detected to be smaller than the set voltage U0, the constant current purging is stopped. The constant current purging is adopted, so that the high potential of the galvanic pile is limited on the premise that the galvanic pile of the fuel cell produces water as little as possible, thereby being capable of avoiding the corrosion of the catalyst caused by the high potential of the fuel cell, further reducing the corrosion degree of the catalyst in the purging process, prolonging the service life of the fuel cell and improving the performance of the fuel cell.
And S13, carrying out constant potential purging (namely carrying out air purging) on the fuel cell by using the voltage U2, detecting the internal resistance R of the fuel cell in real time in the purging process, and stopping constant potential purging if the internal resistance R of the fuel cell is detected to be larger than the set storage demand internal resistance R0. When the fuel cell is purged by constant current, the drying performance of the electric pile of the fuel cell is reduced, and at the moment, the constant potential is used for further purging, so that the current point can be reduced on the premise of limiting high potential until the internal resistance R of the fuel cell is larger than the set storage requirement internal resistance R0, and the fuel cell is convenient to store in any environment.
In one embodiment, in step S1, the constant current purge is performed on the fuel cell at the current I1 for a time t1, the constant potential purge is performed on the fuel cell at the voltage U2 for a time t2, the total time of cold purge is t=t1+t2, and
，/>
a preset time threshold for cold purging of the fuel cell. Here, a preset time threshold +.>
Refers to the ideal purge time for a fuel cell as determined by multiple experiments. At->
On the premise of ensuring that the internal resistance R of the fuel cell can be larger than the set storage demand internal resistance R0, the constant current purging time t1 can be properly prolonged and the constant potential purging time t2 can be shortened in order to improve the performance of the fuel cell after long-term storage.
In one embodiment, in step S1,
this can avoid the problem of degradation of the fuel cell performance due to the too long constant potential purge time t2 as much as possible. Conversely, in order to shorten the constant potential purge time t2, the air flow rate during constant current purge may be appropriately increased. Preferably, the +>
The constant current purging time t1 and the constant potential purging time t2 can enable the performance of the fuel cell to be optimal after long-term storage.
In one embodiment, in step S3, the preset reference concentration a% is 3%, that is, when the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the air cavity of the fuel cell is less than or equal to 3%, it indicates that there is a small amount of air in the air cavity of the fuel cell, but since 3% of air hardly causes platinum oxidation, its influence on the fuel cell is small and negligible.
Preferably, in step S3, the preset reference concentration a% is 0, which corresponds to the air chamber being completely filled with nitrogen and no air being present, so that the problem of irreversible degradation of the fuel cell due to oxidation of platinum does not occur.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, before the cold purge after shutting down the fuel cell, the long-term storage method further includes: s0, performing performance detection after the fuel cell is started, and acquiring performance indexes before the fuel cell is stored. Based on the performance index before the storage of the fuel cell, the performance difference of the fuel cell before and after the long-term storage can be verified, so that various parameters related to the long-term storage method process can be conveniently adjusted.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the long-term storage method further includes: s5, taking out the fuel cell after long-term storage from the cell storage library; s6, performing performance detection after starting up the fuel cell stored for a long time, and acquiring performance indexes of the fuel cell stored; s7, comparing the performance index difference of the fuel cell before storage with the performance index difference of the fuel cell after storage. Based on the difference of performance indexes before and after the storage of the fuel cell, the method can directly verify that the performance of the fuel cell has little change after the storage of the fuel cell for a long time is carried out.
In one embodiment, the performance index of the fuel cell before and after long-term storage is the monolithic voltage of the fuel cell.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvement of the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method of long-term storage of a fuel cell having an air chamber and a hydrogen chamber, the air chamber having an air chamber inlet and an air chamber outlet, the hydrogen chamber having a hydrogen chamber inlet, the method comprising:
performing cold purge after shutting down the fuel cell, comprising: cooling the fuel cell after shutdown until the temperature of the fuel cell is reduced to a preset temperature threshold T1; constant current purging is carried out on the fuel cell by using a current I1, the voltage U1 of the fuel cell is detected in real time in the purging process, and if the voltage U1 of the fuel cell is detected to be smaller than a set voltage U0, the constant current purging is stopped; constant potential purging is carried out on the fuel cell by using a voltage U2, the internal resistance R of the fuel cell is detected in real time in the purging process, and if the internal resistance R of the fuel cell is detected to be larger than the set storage requirement internal resistance R0, the constant potential purging is stopped;
after the fuel cell is cold purged, introducing nitrogen with the gas pressure of P into an air cavity of the fuel cell through an air cavity inlet, and introducing hydrogen with the gas pressure of P into a hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell through a hydrogen cavity inlet, wherein the gas pressure of P is set to be greater than the current atmospheric pressure P of the environment where the fuel cell is located 0 ；
Detecting the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the air cavity of the fuel cell, stopping introducing nitrogen into the air cavity of the fuel cell and stopping introducing hydrogen into the hydrogen cavity of the fuel cell until the oxygen concentration is less than or equal to a preset reference concentration a%;
and placing the fuel cell in a cell storage library for long-term storage.
2. The method for storing a fuel cell in a long-term according to claim 1, wherein the time of constant current purging of the fuel cell with the current I1 is t1, the time of constant potential purging of the fuel cell with the voltage U2 is t2, the total time of cold purging of the fuel cell is t=t1+t2, and t is less than or equal to t0, and t0 is a preset time threshold of cold purging of the fuel cell.
3. The method for long-term storage of a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein t1 is 60% t.ltoreq.90% t.
4. A method of storing a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein t1=75%t.
5. The method for long-term storage of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the preset reference concentration a% is less than 3%.
6. The method for long-term storage of a fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the preset reference concentration a% is 0.
7. The method for long-term storage of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein before cold purging after shutdown of the fuel cell, the method further comprises: and detecting the performance of the fuel cell after the fuel cell is started, and acquiring the performance index of the fuel cell before storage.
8. The method for long-term storage of a fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that the method for long-term storage further comprises:
taking out the fuel cell after long-term storage from the cell storage library;
performing performance detection after starting up the fuel cell stored for a long time, and acquiring performance indexes of the fuel cell stored;
and comparing the performance index before the storage of the fuel cell with the performance index difference after the storage of the fuel cell.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the performance indicator is a monolithic voltage of the fuel cell.
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| CN101091142B (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2010-05-26 | Utc电力公司 | Startup and shutdown procedures for operating a fuel cell assembly |
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