CN111697255A - Method for controlling shutdown of fuel cell system, and storage medium - Google Patents
Method for controlling shutdown of fuel cell system, and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN111697255A CN111697255A CN202010582319.5A CN202010582319A CN111697255A CN 111697255 A CN111697255 A CN 111697255A CN 202010582319 A CN202010582319 A CN 202010582319A CN 111697255 A CN111697255 A CN 111697255A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after a shutdown instruction is received, determining whether to execute low-temperature purging; if yes, controlling the fuel cell system to perform low-temperature purging; if not, controlling the fuel cell system to enter normal-temperature shutdown; when the low-temperature purging is finished, detecting whether the current temperature of a circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump; if yes, controlling a drain valve in the fuel cell system to drain water, and after draining, ending shutdown; if not, controlling the temperature of the circulating pump in the fuel cell system to rise until the current temperature of the circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump. The invention ensures that the circulating pump is not frozen and stuck in a mode of executing purging and water drainage and then executing circulating pump operation and temperature rise to reach the target temperature, and the residual liquid water of the anode can be effectively discharged, thereby effectively improving the success rate of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of fuel cell control technologies, and in particular, to a method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, and a storage medium.
Background
The fuel cell system is a power generation device which generates water through hydrogen-oxygen reaction and supplies power to the outside, in order to meet the commercial requirement, the vehicle-mounted fuel cell system must meet the rapid starting function under various weather conditions, wherein the low-temperature starting is one of the technical difficulties, because each part of the system can be rapidly frozen under the condition of liquid water at low temperature, the part is blocked, the function is abnormal, the system cannot normally operate, especially an anode way, and due to the closed-loop structure, if the liquid water cannot be effectively discharged, the problem is further highlighted. In addition, under low temperature environment, water in the internal flow channels, gas diffusion layers or pipelines of the system is condensed to generate ice, and the expansion of the ice causes mechanical damage to the components of the fuel cell system or the fuel cell stack. Therefore, solving the problem of liquid water freezing is a prerequisite for ensuring the success of low-temperature starting, and the key point is how to effectively control the liquid water distribution.
In the prior art, when a fuel cell system is shut down, the cathode and the anode of the system are all blown dry by a method of greatly increasing the purge gas amount and greatly prolonging the purge time, so that residual liquid water in the fuel cell system is reduced as much as possible, the success rate of low-temperature starting of the system is improved, but the scheme has the defects that:
1) the power consumption is greatly increased, and the purging duration is prolonged;
2) long-time large-air-volume blowing can cause the drying of a galvanic pile film and influence the service life of the galvanic pile;
3) the blowing effect is not effectively controlled, and the residual liquid water in the system cannot be completely blown dry each time without affecting the success of low-temperature starting;
4) during low-temperature operation, icing and seizure of system parts can still happen, and the system is in a fault shutdown state.
Therefore, how to reduce the residual liquid water in the fuel cell system as much as possible and improve the success rate of the low-temperature start-up of the system becomes a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system and a storage medium, which are used to solve the problem that the low-temperature start-up of the fuel cell system is affected by the failure of effectively reducing the liquid water remaining in the fuel cell system during shutdown of the fuel cell system in the prior art.
To achieve the above and other related objects, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, including: after a shutdown instruction is received, determining whether to execute low-temperature purging; if yes, controlling the fuel cell system to perform low-temperature purging; if not, controlling the fuel cell system to enter normal-temperature shutdown; when the low-temperature purging is finished, detecting whether the current temperature of a circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump; if so, controlling a drain valve in the fuel cell system to drain water, and after draining, ending shutdown; and if not, controlling a circulating pump in the fuel cell system to heat up until the current temperature of the circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump.
In an embodiment of the present application, one implementation of the determining whether to perform the low temperature purge includes: and pre-judging whether the internal temperature of the fuel cell system is lower than a warning low-temperature value after the shutdown, if not, not executing low-temperature purging, and if so, executing low-temperature purging.
In an embodiment of the present application, a control method for controlling the fuel cell system to perform the low temperature purge includes: in the low-temperature purging, the current of the galvanic pile is adjusted to the minimum current value, so that the galvanic pile is subjected to the pulling load with the minimum current value, the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance are monitored in real time, whether the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values or not is judged, and if at least one of the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance is in an unstable state, the fuel cell system continues the low-temperature purging; and if the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values, the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging.
In an embodiment of the present application, one implementation manner of controlling the temperature rise of the circulation pump in the fuel cell system includes: and controlling the circulating pump to run at the maximum rotating speed.
In an embodiment of the present application, one implementation manner of determining the target temperature of the circulation pump includes: acquiring temperature change curves of one or more of an inlet distribution head, an outlet distribution head, a circulating pump and a drain valve in the fuel cell system within a preset time period after low-temperature purging is finished; and determining the target temperature of the circulating pump according to the temperature change curve.
In an embodiment of the present application, one implementation manner of determining the target temperature of the circulation pump includes: presetting a target temperature value of the circulating pump.
In an embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: acquiring the external environment temperature of the fuel cell system; and determining the target temperature of the circulating pump by comparing the temperature value of the temperature change curve with the external environment temperature.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides a fuel cell system including: a fuel cell; a circulation pump for recovering hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell and circulating the hydrogen to an inlet of the fuel cell; the temperature sensor is arranged in the circulating pump and used for detecting the temperature of the circulating pump; and a controller for controlling the shutdown of the fuel cell according to the fuel cell control method described above.
In an embodiment of the present application, the structural configuration of the fuel cell system includes one or more of the following combinations: a wrapping layer wraps the circulating pump; the inlet distribution head and the outlet distribution head in the fuel cell system are respectively provided with a temperature sensor and are made of non-metallic materials; the internal rotational flow structure of the water distributor in the fuel cell system is made of metal; a drain valve in the fuel cell system is provided with a heating element and a temperature sensor.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system as described above.
As described above, the method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system, and the storage medium according to the present invention have the following advantageous effects:
according to the invention, under the low-temperature condition, after a shutdown instruction is received, purging and water drainage are executed, and then the circulating pump is operated and heated to reach the target temperature, so that the circulating pump is prevented from being frozen and stuck, and the residual liquid water of the anode can be effectively discharged, so that the success rate of low-temperature start of the fuel cell system is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart showing the overall flow of the method for controlling shutdown of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of the method for controlling shutdown of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the schematic structure of the system for controlling shutdown of the fuel cell system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of a fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structural configuration of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the fuel cell system of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the element reference numerals
200 fuel cell system
210 fuel cell
211 inlet distribution head
212 outlet dispensing head
213 circulating pump
214 water knockout vessel
215 draw off valve
216 temperature sensor
220 controller
221 processor
222 memory
S100 to S600
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, a fuel cell system and a storage medium, which are used to solve the problem that the low-temperature start of the fuel cell system is affected by the fact that liquid water remaining in the fuel cell system cannot be effectively reduced when the fuel cell system is shut down in the prior art.
The principles and embodiments of the method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and the storage medium according to the present invention will be described in detail below, so that those skilled in the art can understand the method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, the fuel cell system and the storage medium without creative efforts.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, including the steps of:
step S100, after a shutdown instruction is received, whether low-temperature purging is executed or not is determined; if yes, continue to execute step S200: controlling the fuel cell system to perform low-temperature purging; if not, continue to execute step S300: controlling the fuel cell system to enter normal temperature shutdown;
step S400, detecting whether the current temperature of a circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump or not when low-temperature purging is finished; if yes, continue to execute step S500: controlling a drain valve in the fuel cell system to drain water, and finishing shutdown after the water is drained; if not, the step S600 is executed continuously: and controlling a circulating pump in the fuel cell system to heat up until the current temperature of the circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump.
The following describes steps S100 to S600 in the method for controlling shutdown of the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment in detail.
Step S100, after a shutdown instruction is received, whether low-temperature purging is executed or not is determined; if yes, continuing to execute the step S200; if not, the step S300 is continued.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, after receiving a shutdown instruction, it is determined whether to perform low-temperature purging by temperature detection and policy determination.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, one implementation manner of determining whether to perform the low-temperature purge includes:
the fuel cell system obtains a shutdown command before executing low-temperature purging, pre-judges whether the internal temperature of the fuel cell system is lower than a warning low-temperature value after shutdown, if not, does not execute the low-temperature purging, and if so, executes the low-temperature purging.
The pre-determination criterion can be determined based on the external atmospheric temperature, the date information and the underground position information to pre-determine whether the internal temperature of the fuel cell system is lower than the freezing point temperature of the fuel cell system after the shutdown (i.e., the warning low temperature value of the water changing from the liquid state to the solid state).
Step S200: and controlling the fuel cell system to perform low-temperature purging.
The fuel cell system performs low-temperature purging, and the temperature of cooling liquid entering the galvanic pile is adjusted to a preset temperature range through the cooling system, so that water vapor in the fuel cell system is condensed into liquid water.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the control manner for controlling the fuel cell system to perform the low-temperature purge includes, but is not limited to:
in the low-temperature purging, the current of the galvanic pile is adjusted to the minimum current value, so that the galvanic pile is subjected to the pulling load with the minimum current value, the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance are monitored in real time, whether the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values or not is judged, and if at least one of the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance is in an unstable state, the fuel cell system continues the low-temperature purging; and if the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values, the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging.
In the low-temperature purging method, the current of the stack can be adjusted to the minimum current value according to the current-voltage characteristic curve of the stack, for example, the target voltage of the single cell of the stack can be set to be 0.8-0.85V (the voltage of the single cell can be monitored by a voltage sensor), so that the load current of the stack (the load current can be monitored by the current sensor) is smaller, the heat production quantity and the water production quantity of the fuel cell system are smaller, and the cooling and the water removal of the fuel cell system are more facilitated.
In the embodiment, during low-temperature purging, factors such as the influence of purging on the performance of the galvanic pile and the temperature distribution of the anode parts are comprehensively considered, and the purging flow is optimally designed so as to shorten the purging time and protect the galvanic pile. During the low-temperature purging, whether the low-temperature purging is finished or not can be determined by the following method:
1) before the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values and the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging, whether the liquid temperature of cooling liquid entering the galvanic pile is lower than a preset temperature is required to be judged, the preset temperature can be set to be any temperature value between 5 ℃ and 10 ℃, if so, the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging, otherwise, whether the total duration of liquid temperature judgment between the first time of liquid temperature judgment and the last time of liquid temperature judgment exceeds the preset duration is judged, if the total duration of liquid temperature judgment exceeds the preset duration, the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging, and if the total duration of liquid temperature judgment does not exceed the preset duration, the low-temperature purging is continuously executed.
2) Before the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values and the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging, whether the liquid temperature of cooling liquid entering the galvanic pile is lower than a preset temperature is required to be judged, the preset temperature can be set to be any temperature value between 5 ℃ and 10 ℃, if so, the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging, and if not, whether the single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile is lower than a preset voltage (the preset voltage can be 0.78V; the longer the low-temperature purging time of the fuel cell system is, the more dry the stack is, the lower the cell voltage of the stack is, however, the stack can normally operate under a proper humidity).
3) And in the process of executing low-temperature purging, judging whether the total running time accumulated from the beginning of executing low-temperature purging to the current moment exceeds a warning time (the warning time can be 240 seconds) in real time, if so, finishing the purging action of the fuel cell system, and if not, continuously executing low-temperature purging by the fuel cell system.
Through the low-temperature purging control, the low-temperature purging duration is reduced, the galvanic pile is protected, and meanwhile, the low-temperature purging power consumption is also reduced.
Step S300: and controlling the fuel cell system to enter normal-temperature shutdown.
In this embodiment, the normal-temperature shutdown means not performing the low-temperature purge and the subsequent shutdown process from step S400 to step S600.
Step S400, detecting whether the current temperature of a circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump or not when low-temperature purging is finished; if yes, continue to execute step S500: controlling a drain valve in the fuel cell system to drain water, and finishing shutdown after the water is drained; if not, the step S600 is executed continuously: and controlling a circulating pump in the fuel cell system to heat up until the current temperature of the circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump.
In this embodiment, when the current temperature of the circulation pump in the fuel cell system does not reach the target temperature of the circulation pump, controlling the circulation pump in the fuel cell system to increase the temperature, wherein one implementation manner of controlling the circulation pump in the fuel cell system to increase the temperature includes: and controlling the circulating pump to run at the maximum rotating speed.
In this embodiment, the circulation pump is controlled to operate at the maximum rotation speed, so that the heating time of the circulation pump can be shortened, and the residual liquid water in the fuel cell system can be carried away as much as possible.
In this embodiment, when the current temperature of the circulation pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulation pump, the temperature of the circulation pump in the fuel cell system is controlled to rise, the drainage valve in the fuel cell system is controlled to drain water, and after the drainage, the shutdown is finished.
In the present embodiment, the target temperature of the circulation pump is determined based on temperature-affecting factors such as the ambient temperature at that time, the operating temperature of the fuel cell system, and the predetermined shutdown time.
In this embodiment, the target temperature of the circulation pump may be calibrated according to the external environment temperature of the fuel cell system, the operating temperature of the fuel cell system, and the predetermined shutdown time, and the target temperature of the circulation pump may be configured in advance according to human experience.
Specifically, in this embodiment, one implementation manner of determining the target temperature of the circulation pump includes:
acquiring temperature change curves of one or more of an inlet distribution head, an outlet distribution head, a circulating pump and a drain valve in the fuel cell system within a preset time period after low-temperature purging is finished; and determining the target temperature of the circulating pump according to the temperature change curve.
As can be seen from the temperature change curves at the positions of shutdown in fig. 3, at a certain moment, the temperature of the circulating pump is lower than the temperature of the inlet/outlet distribution heads, which may cause the freezing and jamming of the circulating pump; and through properly improving the temperature of the circulating pump before shutdown, the temperature of the circulating pump in the cooling process can be ensured to be higher than the temperatures of the inlet-outlet distribution head and the drain valve in the whole process, so that condensed water cannot be preferentially condensed at the circulating pump.
Therefore, in this embodiment, a target temperature curve of the circulation pump is calibrated according to a temperature curve of the inlet distribution head, a temperature curve of the outlet distribution head, a temperature curve of the initial circulation pump, and a temperature curve of the drain valve, where the temperature of the target temperature curve of the circulation pump at each moment is higher than the temperature of the inlet distribution head, the temperature of the outlet distribution head, the temperature of the initial circulation pump, and the temperature of the drain valve.
In addition, in this embodiment, the target temperature of the circulation pump may be determined by presetting a target temperature value of the circulation pump.
In this embodiment, the method for controlling shutdown of the fuel cell system further includes: acquiring the external environment temperature of the fuel cell system; and determining the target temperature of the circulating pump by comparing the temperature value of the temperature change curve with the external environment temperature.
Due to the change of the external environment temperature, the temperature reduction rate of each position of the inlet distribution head, the outlet distribution head, the circulating pump, the drain valve and the like is changed along with the change of the environmental heat radiation, so that the temperature change curves of the inlet distribution head, the outlet distribution head, the circulating pump and the drain valve at the environmental temperature are measured in advance, and then the temperature change curves of each position corrected according to the external environment temperature are fitted, so that the target temperature of the circulating pump is determined by combining the method.
That is, an inlet distribution head temperature curve, an outlet distribution head temperature curve, an initial circulating pump temperature curve and a drain valve temperature curve are corrected according to the external environment temperature, and then the target temperature of the circulating pump is determined according to the corrected inlet distribution head temperature curve, outlet distribution head temperature curve, initial circulating pump temperature curve and drain valve temperature curve.
It can be seen from the above that, in this embodiment, under the low temperature condition, after receiving the shutdown, carry out low temperature earlier and sweep, sweep the drainage, then carry out circulating pump operation intensification and make the circulating pump reaches the target temperature, the pump head temperature of circulating pump when promoting the shutdown for fuel cell system's remaining liquid water is not at the preferential condensation of pump head department of circulating pump, avoids the circulating pump to freeze after the shutdown, and continues the pile drainage during the circulating pump operation, and fuel cell system's low temperature start-up success rate obtains effective control.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell system 200, the fuel cell system 200 including: a fuel cell 210, a circulation pump 213, a temperature sensor 216, and a controller 220 that controls the fuel cell 210.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell 210 includes a stack, an anode system supplying fuel (fuel may be hydrogen) to the stack, a cathode system supplying oxidant (oxidant may be air) to the stack, and a cooling system cooling the stack.
As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, the anode system includes a fuel input flow channel (inlet distribution head 211) extending into the stack, a fuel output flow channel (outlet distribution head 212) extending out of the stack, a water separator 214 communicating with the fuel output flow channel, and a fuel circulation flow channel connecting the water separator 214 and the fuel input flow channel, the fuel input flow channel is provided with a first fuel air pressure sensor, the fuel output flow channel is provided with a second fuel air pressure sensor, the water separator 214 is further communicated with a gas and liquid discharging pipeline, the gas and liquid discharging pipeline is provided with a water discharging valve 215, and the fuel circulation flow channel is provided with a circulation pump 213; the cathode system comprises an oxidant supply flow channel, a humidifier communicated with the oxidant supply flow channel, an oxidant input flow channel and an oxidant output flow channel, the oxidant input flow channel and the oxidant output flow channel are communicated with the humidifier and the electric pile, an air compressor is arranged on the oxidant supply flow channel, the humidifier is communicated with the exhaust and liquid discharge pipeline, and an oxidant pressure sensor is arranged on the oxidant input flow channel; the cooling system comprises a cooling liquid output flow channel extending out of the galvanic pile, an internal and external circulation heat dissipation system and a cooling liquid input flow channel extending into the galvanic pile in sequence according to the flowing direction of cooling liquid (the cooling liquid can be water), a liquid temperature sensor is arranged on the cooling liquid input flow channel, a temperature regulating valve is arranged between the internal and external circulation heat dissipation system and the cooling liquid input flow channel, and the internal and external circulation heat dissipation system comprises an internal circulation heat dissipation pipeline and an external circulation heat dissipation pipeline which are connected in parallel.
In the present embodiment, the circulation pump 213 is used to recover the hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell 210 and circulate the hydrogen to the inlet of the fuel cell 210; the temperature sensor 216 is disposed in the circulation pump 213 and is configured to detect a temperature of the circulation pump 213.
In the present embodiment, the controller 220 is configured to control the shutdown of the fuel cell 210 according to the fuel cell control method described in embodiment 1.
The controller 220 is used to control the anode purge (low temperature purge), the circulation pump 213 operation (circulation pump 213 heating), and the water separator 214 draining, as shown in fig. 6.
As shown in fig. 7, the controller 220 includes at least a processor 221 and a memory 222; the memory 222 is connected to the processor 221 through a system bus and performs communication with each other, the memory 222 is used for storing computer programs, and the processor 221 is used for executing the computer programs, so that the controller 220 executes the method for controlling the shutdown of the fuel cell system. The method for controlling the shutdown of the fuel cell system has been described in detail above, and will not be described herein again.
The method of controlling the shutdown of the fuel cell system may be applied to various types of controllers 220. The controller 220 is, for example, an arm (advanced RISC machines) controller, an fpga (field Programmable gate array) controller, an soc (system on chip) controller, a dsp (digital Signal processing) controller, or an mcu (micro controller unit) controller. The controller 220 may also be, for example, a computer including components such as memory, a memory controller, one or more processing units (CPUs), a peripheral interface, RF circuitry, audio circuitry, speakers, a microphone, an input/output (I/O) subsystem, a display screen, other outputs or controllers, and external ports; the computer includes, but is not limited to, Personal computers such as desktop computers, notebook computers, tablet computers, smart phones, smart televisions, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and the like. In other embodiments, the controller 220 may also be a server, and the server may be disposed on one or more physical servers according to various factors such as functions, loads, and the like, or may be formed by a distributed or centralized server cluster, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 220 may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, cameras, or other electronic components for performing the above-described method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned system bus may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The system bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 6, but this is not intended to represent only one bus or type of bus. The communication interface is used for realizing communication between the database access device and other equipment (such as a client, a read-write library and a read-only library). The Memory 222 may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) and may further include a non-volatile Memory (non-volatile Memory), such as at least one disk Memory.
The Processor 221 may be a general-purpose Processor, and includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; the device can also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other Programmable logic device, a discrete Gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component.
In particular, in the present embodiment, in order to obtain the target temperature of the circulation pump 213, control the operation temperature of the circulation pump 213, and control the preferential condensation point in the fuel cell system 200, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the following configuration is adopted for the part of the structure in the fuel cell system 200:
1) the circulating pump 213 in the fuel cell system 200 is provided with a temperature sensor 216 for collecting the temperature of the circulating pump 213, and a wrapping layer is wrapped on the circulating pump 213, wherein the wrapping layer is made of, but not limited to, foamed cotton.
Through to the parcel of circulating pump 213 among fuel cell system 200, can promote the pump head temperature of circulating pump 213 when fuel cell 210 operation and shut down to improve the refrigerated time constant of pump head, reduce circulating pump 213 pump head cooling rate under the low temperature environment, make fuel cell system 200 remain liquid water and do not take precedence the condensation in circulating pump 213 pump head department.
2) The inlet distribution header 211 and the outlet distribution header 212 of the fuel cell system 200 are respectively provided with temperature sensors, and are made of non-metal materials, and are controlled to have non-preferential condensation points, i.e. the residual liquid water of the fuel cell 210 is not preferentially condensed at the inlet distribution header 211.
Wherein, the non-metal material is but not limited to an aluminum alloy material.
3) The swirling structure inside the water separator 214 of the fuel cell system 200 is made of a metal material, such as, but not limited to, an aluminum alloy. The drain valve 215 is provided with a heating element and a temperature sensor. The heating element is preferably, but not limited to, a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) thermistor or the like.
That is, in the embodiment, the water distributor 214 assembly in the fuel cell system 200 is not wrapped, the internal rotational flow structure is made of a metal material, and is controlled to be the condensation point of the liquid water when the fuel cell system 200 is cooled, and the drain valve 215 is provided with a PTC, so that the water distributor has a heating function, can effectively melt ice in time when the fuel cell system is started at a low temperature, and discharges residual liquid water.
Example 3
The present embodiments provide a computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory configured to store various types of data to support operations at a device. Examples of such data include instructions, messages, pictures, etc. for any application or method operating on the controller. The memory may be implemented by any type or combination of volatile or non-volatile memory devices, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), high speed random access memory (high speed ram), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Read Only Memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic or optical disks, or the like. The memory stores program instructions that, when executed, implement the method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system as described above. The above-mentioned method for controlling shutdown of the fuel cell system has been described in detail, and is not repeated herein.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: all or part of the steps for implementing the above method embodiments may be performed by hardware associated with a computer program. The aforementioned computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs steps comprising the method embodiments described above; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
In conclusion, the invention ensures that the circulating pump is not frozen and stuck in a mode of receiving the shutdown instruction, purging and draining water, and then operating and heating the circulating pump to reach the target temperature under the low-temperature condition, effectively discharges the residual liquid water of the anode, effectively improves the success rate of low-temperature starting of the fuel cell system, and can also reduce the purging time, protect the electric pile and reduce the purging power consumption. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
after a shutdown instruction is received, determining whether to execute low-temperature purging;
if yes, controlling the fuel cell system to perform low-temperature purging;
if not, controlling the fuel cell system to enter normal-temperature shutdown;
when the low-temperature purging is finished, detecting whether the current temperature of a circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump;
if so, controlling a drain valve in the fuel cell system to drain water, and after draining, ending shutdown;
and if not, controlling a circulating pump in the fuel cell system to heat up until the current temperature of the circulating pump in the fuel cell system reaches the target temperature of the circulating pump.
2. The method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: one implementation of the determining whether to perform the low temperature purge includes: and pre-judging whether the internal temperature of the fuel cell system is lower than a warning low-temperature value after the shutdown, if not, not executing low-temperature purging, and if so, executing low-temperature purging.
3. The method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: one control method for controlling the fuel cell system to perform low-temperature purging includes:
in the low-temperature purging, the current of the galvanic pile is adjusted to the minimum current value, so that the galvanic pile is subjected to the pulling load with the minimum current value, the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance are monitored in real time, whether the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values or not is judged, and if at least one of the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance is in an unstable state, the fuel cell system continues the low-temperature purging; and if the anode flow resistance and the cathode flow resistance tend to stable values, the fuel cell system finishes low-temperature purging.
4. The method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: one implementation manner of controlling the temperature rise of the circulation pump in the fuel cell system includes: and controlling the circulating pump to run at the maximum rotating speed.
5. The method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: one implementation of determining the target temperature of the circulation pump includes:
acquiring temperature change curves of one or more of an inlet distribution head, an outlet distribution head, a circulating pump and a drain valve in the fuel cell system within a preset time period after low-temperature purging is finished;
and determining the target temperature of the circulating pump according to the temperature change curve.
6. The method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: one implementation of determining the target temperature of the circulation pump includes:
presetting a target temperature value of the circulating pump.
7. The method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: further comprising:
acquiring the external environment temperature of the fuel cell system;
and determining the target temperature of the circulating pump by comparing the temperature value of the temperature change curve with the external environment temperature.
8. A fuel cell system characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
a fuel cell;
a circulation pump for recovering hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell and circulating the hydrogen to an inlet of the fuel cell;
the temperature sensor is arranged in the circulating pump and used for detecting the temperature of the circulating pump; and
a controller for controlling the shutdown of the fuel cell according to the fuel cell control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that: the structural configuration of the fuel cell system comprises one or more of the following combinations:
a wrapping layer wraps the circulating pump;
the inlet distribution head and the outlet distribution head in the fuel cell system are respectively provided with a temperature sensor and are made of non-metallic materials;
the internal rotational flow structure of the water distributor in the fuel cell system is made of metal;
a drain valve in the fuel cell system is provided with a heating element and a temperature sensor.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that: the program, when executed by a processor, implements a method of controlling shutdown of a fuel cell system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN113506898A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-10-15 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Safety protection maintenance device and method for hydrogen fuel cell engine |
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| CN114512692A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-17 | 上海捷氢科技股份有限公司 | Purging method of fuel cell, fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
| CN114914486A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-08-16 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling shutdown purge of fuel cell |
| CN115000466A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-02 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Long-time storage method of fuel cell |
| CN117174956A (en) * | 2023-11-01 | 2023-12-05 | 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell control method and device, electronic equipment and fuel cell |
| CN114512692B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-04-26 | 上海捷氢科技股份有限公司 | Purging method of fuel cell, fuel cell system and fuel cell vehicle |
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