CN114997030A - Temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount determining method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of constructional engineering structures, and particularly relates to a temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount determining method, aiming at solving the problem of determining an optimal unloading sequence and unloading levels under the condition of asynchronous unloading of temporary supports. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, unloading temporary supports one by one in sequence by using finite element analysis software, unloading 1 unit each time, calculating the reaction variation of the rest temporary supports caused by unloading of the temporary supports in sequence, and establishing a temporary support unloading influence matrix according to the calculation result; determining the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount of the temporary support by combining the finite element model and the relevant specifications, and determining an unloading control value; thirdly, establishing a temporary supporting and unloading sequence determining principle; fourthly, establishing an unloading sequence determining method; and fifthly, determining the single unloading amount. The temporary support unloading sequence and the single unloading amount can be more reasonably determined, the unloading efficiency is improved, and the safety risk of unloading construction is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of construction of constructional engineering structures, and particularly relates to a method for determining temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount.
Background
A certain number of temporary supports are required to be arranged in the processes of assembling components or parts and pouring concrete in the large-scale space structure and the bridge structure, the components or parts are assembled and poured on the temporary supports for molding, the temporary supports are unloaded after the structure construction is finished, and the load is transferred to the structure or a permanent support from the temporary supports. The unloading of temporary supports results in adjustment of structural boundaries, load shifting, and structural architecture changes. Due to the fact that structural system conversion is involved, in the asynchronous unloading process, unloading of a certain temporary support or a plurality of temporary supports can cause changes of other temporary support loads, and the situation that certain temporary support forces are greatly increased can occur.
Generally, most projects cannot adopt a synchronous unloading scheme and only can adopt asynchronous unloading from the aspects of economy, construction convenience and the like. To control safety in the unloading process, a reasonable unloading order, unloading classification, and unloading amount per stage must be determined. Currently, the temporary support unloading sequence, the unloading classification and the unloading amount of each stage are determined by trial calculation, namely, according to engineering experience and simple calculation, a plurality of schemes are preliminarily set and combined, then each scheme is calculated in detail, and the final unloading grouping and classification are determined according to the calculation result. The method usually depends on the experience of technicians, the workload is large, the randomness of scheme combination is large, theoretical support is lacked, and standardization and unification cannot be realized.
Therefore, how to provide a temporary supporting unloading sequence and an unloading amount determining method to improve the safety of unloading construction is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information is prior art that is known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount determining method, which is used for solving the problems of optimal unloading sequence and unloading classification under the condition of asynchronous unloading of temporary supports, reducing the influence of overlarge temporary support counter force on the temporary support safety and the structure body quality in the unloading process and improving the safety of unloading construction.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention comprises the following technical scheme:
a method for determining unloading sequence and unloading amount of temporary supports is provided, and the number of the temporary supports is assumed to be n, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, unloading the temporary supports one by using finite element analysis software, unloading 1 unit each time, calculating the variation of the reaction force of the rest temporary supports caused by unloading the temporary supports in sequence, and establishing a temporary support unloading influence matrix according to the calculation result
；
step S2, determining the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount of the temporary support by combining finite element calculation, relevant specifications, unloading equipment specifications and actual conditions of a construction site, calculating the corresponding unloading amount according to the maximum allowable support counterforce of the temporary support, comparing the unloading amount with the maximum allowable single unloading amount, and selecting a smaller value as an unloading control value;
step S3, establishing a temporary supporting and unloading sequence determination principle: the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount in the unloading process do not exceed the unloading control value; the temporary support counter force changes uniformly in the unloading process, and sudden changes are reduced;
step S4, preparing an unloading order determination method: arranging the sum of the reaction variation of all other supports corresponding to each temporary support after unloading in a descending order, wherein the order is the temporary support unloading order, and after unloading the temporary supports according to the order, the self-weight load of the structure is transferred to the permanent support or the structure per se most quickly;
step S5, determining the single unload amount: after the temporary support is unloaded, all temporary support counter forces do not exceed the unloading control value, when the unloading amount of a certain temporary support exceeds the unloading control value, the actual unloading amount of the temporary support is the unloading control value, and n is an integer greater than 2.
Further, the temporary support unloading influence matrix in the step S1
The establishment method comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a structure finite element model to calculate related parameters:
firstly, a structure main body and a temporary support model are established, a simulation working condition is established according to the construction process, the support counter force of each temporary support before unloading is obtained,
representing the support reaction force of the ith temporary support before unloading, and establishing a support reaction force vector of all temporary supports through a formula (2)
：
secondly, establishing a matrix of influence of unloading of the single temporary support on other temporary supports according to the finite element model
: starting from the first support, reducing 1 unit length, calculating the support reaction force variation of other temporary supports after the temporary support is unloaded through a finite element model,
the 1 st temporary supporting and unloading unit is represented, and the ith temporary supporting reaction force variation is represented;
representing 1 unit of unloading of the ith temporary support, and variation of reaction force of the jth temporary support (i, j =1,2,3 … … n); 1 unit of temporary supporting and unloading is marked as-1, the temporary supporting counter force is increased to be plus, and the counter force is reduced to be-;
sequentially calculating influence data of reaction variation of all temporary supports on other temporary supports to obtain temporary support unloading influence matrix
。
Further, the unloading control value determining method in step S2 includes:
determining maximum allowable support counter force of each temporary support by combining finite element calculation and relevant specifications
(i =1,2,3 … n), and then the maximum support reaction force vector is established by equation (3)
：
Calculating the unloading value of each temporary support in the state according to the determined maximum allowable support counter force by adopting finite element calculation
；
Determining the maximum allowable single unloading amount of each temporary support by combining the specification of unloading equipment and actual conditions of a construction site
(i=1,2,3…n)；
Will be provided with
And
and comparing, and selecting a smaller value as a temporary support unloading control value:
then, a temporary support unloading control value vector is established through a formula (4)
：
Further, the principle that the temporary support unloading is required to follow includes: the unloading efficiency is improved while the safety is considered, the single unloading amount is increased as much as possible, the unloading times are reduced, and the transfer of the self-weight load of the structure from the temporary support to the permanent support or the structure is completed through the unloading steps as few as possible.
Further, the step S4 includes:
if the 2 nd temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, an unloading vector is established by the formula (6):
and (3) if the ith temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, establishing an unloading vector through a formula (7):
after the 1 st temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, all temporary support reaction force change vectors are established through a formula (8):
=
formula (8);
at this time, after the 1 st temporary support is unloaded, the sum of the variation of all temporary support reaction forces is equal to
，
Calculated by equation (9):
after the ith temporary support is unloaded, allThe sum of the variation of the temporary support reaction force is
，
Calculated by equation (10):
as can be seen from the formula (10), the sum of the variation of all temporary support reaction forces after the ith temporary support unloading is the influence matrix
The sum of the ith column;
according to the influence matrix
And calculating the sum of each row, arranging the sum in a numerical sequence from large to small, wherein the sequence is a temporary support unloading sequence, and after the temporary support is unloaded according to the sequence, the self-weight load of the structure is transferred to the permanent support or the structure per se most quickly.
Further, the step S5 includes:
(1) setting the ith temporary support single unloading amount as
Then, a temporary support unload vector is established by equation (11):
(2) after the ith temporary support is unloaded, each temporary support just reaches the maximum allowable value, n analytic solutions can be calculated, and the formula (12):
then:
it is thus possible to calculate:
n pieces are obtained by solving
Is given as
So that the minimum value is used as the ith temporary support unloading amount
Written as formula (13):
Namely, it is
；
The calculated temporary support unloading amount
And unload control value
Comparing, and when a certain temporary support unloading amount
Exceeding the unload control value
The actual unloading amount of the temporary support is determined as the unloading control value of the temporary support
。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention provides a temporary support unloading sequence and an unloading amount determining method, which comprises the steps of utilizing finite element analysis software to sequentially unload temporary supports one by one, unloading 1 unit each time, sequentially calculating the reaction variation of the rest temporary supports caused by unloading of the temporary supports, and establishing a temporary support unloading influence matrix according to the calculation result; determining the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount of the temporary support by combining the finite element model and the relevant specifications, and determining an unloading control value; thirdly, establishing a temporary supporting and unloading sequence determining principle; fourthly, establishing an unloading sequence determining method; and fifthly, determining the single unloading amount. The temporary support unloading sequence and the single unloading amount can be more reasonably determined, the unloading efficiency is improved, and the safety risk of unloading construction is reduced.
Detailed Description
The temporary support unloading sequence and the unloading amount determining method proposed by the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description.
Example one
The temporary support unloading can be divided into synchronous unloading and non-synchronous unloading. The synchronous unloading is that hydraulic jacks are arranged on all temporary supports, the hydraulic jacks descend simultaneously according to the calculated unloading amount under the control of a control system, the temporary supports descend synchronously by adopting a synchronous unloading method, and the temporary support counterforce is always in a reduction trend, so that the temporary supports and the main structure are not damaged, and the unloading safety is high. However, most projects cannot adopt a synchronous unloading scheme and only adopt asynchronous unloading from the aspects of economy, construction convenience and the like. The temporary support unloading is mainly to determine a reasonable unloading sequence and single unloading amount. The conventional temporary supporting and unloading are often based on experience, so that the efficiency is low and scientific support is lacked.
To control safety in the unloading process, a reasonable unloading order, unloading classification, and unloading amount per stage must be determined.
The embodiment provides a method for determining temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount, which comprises the following specific steps:
assuming that the number of temporary supports is n, n is an integer greater than 2.
Step S1, using finite element analysis software to sequentially unload the temporary supports one by one, unloading 1 unit each time, sequentially calculating the variation of the reaction force of the rest temporary supports caused by unloading of the temporary supports, and establishing a temporary support unloading influence matrix according to the calculation result
；
step S2, determining the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount of the temporary support by combining finite element calculation, relevant specifications, unloading equipment specifications and actual conditions of a construction site, calculating the corresponding unloading amount according to the maximum allowable support counterforce of the temporary support, comparing the unloading amount with the maximum allowable single unloading amount, and selecting a smaller value as an unloading control value;
step S3, establishing a temporary supporting and unloading sequence determination principle: the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount in the unloading process do not exceed the unloading control value; the temporary support counter force changes uniformly in the unloading process, and sudden changes are reduced;
step S4, formulating an unloading order determining method: arranging the sum of the reaction variation of all other supports corresponding to each temporary support after unloading in a descending order, wherein the order is the temporary support unloading order, and after unloading the temporary supports according to the order, the self-weight load of the structure is transferred to the permanent support or the structure per se most quickly;
step S5, determining the single unload amount: after temporary support unloading, all temporary support counterforces do not exceed the unloading control value, and when the unloading amount of a certain temporary support exceeds the unloading control value, the actual unloading amount of the temporary support is the unloading control value.
In this embodiment, it is more preferable that the unloading influence matrix is temporarily supported in the step S1
The establishment method comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a structure finite element model to calculate related parameters:
firstly, a structure main body and a temporary support model are established, a simulation working condition is established according to the construction process, the support counter force of each temporary support before unloading is obtained,
representing the support reaction force of the ith temporary support before unloading, and establishing a support reaction force vector of all temporary supports through a formula (2)
：
secondly, establishing a matrix of influence of unloading of the single temporary support on other temporary supports according to the finite element model
: reducing 1 unit length from the first support, calculating the support reaction variation of other temporary supports after the temporary support is unloaded by a finite element model,
the 1 st temporary supporting and unloading unit is represented, and the ith temporary supporting reaction force variation is represented;
representing the ith temporary support unloading by 1 unit, and the jth temporary support reaction force variation (i, j =1,2,3 … … n); 1 unit of temporary support unloading is marked as-1, the temporary support counterforce is increased to be plus, and the counterforce is reduced to be minus;
sequentially calculating the influence data of the reaction variation of all temporary supports on other temporary supports to obtain a temporary support unloading influence matrix
。
Further, the unloading control value determining method in step S2 includes:
determining maximum allowable support counter force of each temporary support by combining finite element calculation and relevant specifications
Then, the maximum allowable support reaction force vector is established by the formula (3)
：
calculating the unloading value of each temporary support in the state according to the determined maximum allowable support counter force by adopting finite element calculation
；
Determining the maximum allowable single unloading amount of each temporary support by combining the specification of unloading equipment and actual conditions of a construction site
(i=1,2,3…n)；
Will be provided with
And
and comparing, and selecting a smaller value as a temporary support unloading control value:
then, a temporary support unloading control value vector is established through a formula (4)
：
In this embodiment, more preferably, the principle that the temporary support unloading is required to follow further includes: the unloading efficiency is improved while the safety is considered, the single unloading amount is increased as much as possible, the unloading times are reduced, the unloading steps are reduced as few as possible, and the self-weight load of the structure is transferred to the permanent support or the structure.
In this embodiment, more preferably, the step S4 includes:
in terms of unloading efficiency, after a certain temporary support is unloaded, the smaller the sum of all temporary support counter-forces indicates that the load is transferred to the permanent support or the structure per se, and the higher the unloading efficiency is. For convenience of calculation, the calculation is carried out according to 1 unit of unloading of each temporary support:
and (3) if the 1 st temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, establishing an unloading vector through a formula (5):
assuming that the 2 nd temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, an unloading vector is established by the formula (6):
and (3) if the ith temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, establishing an unloading vector through a formula (7):
after the 1 st temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, all temporary support reaction force change vectors are established through a formula (8):
=
formula (8);
at this time, after the 1 st temporary support is unloaded, the sum of the variation of all temporary support reaction forces is equal to
，
Calculated by equation (9):
after the ith temporary support is unloaded, the sum of the variable quantities of all temporary support reaction forces is equal to
，
Calculated by equation (10):
as can be seen from the formula (10), after the ith temporary support is unloaded, the sum of the variation of all temporary support reaction forces is the influence matrix
The sum of the ith column;
according to the influence matrix
And calculating the sum of each row, and then arranging the sum in a numerical sequence from large to small, wherein the sequence is a temporary supporting and unloading sequence, and the self-weight load of the structure is transferred to a permanent support or the structure per se most quickly according to the unloading sequence.
In this embodiment, more preferably, the step S5 includes:
(1) setting the ith temporary support single unloading amount as
Then, a temporary support unload vector is established by equation (11):
(2) after the ith temporary support is unloaded, each temporary support just reaches the maximum allowable value, n analytic solutions can be calculated, and the formula (12):
then:
it is thus possible to calculate:
n numbers are obtained by solving
Is given as
So that the minimum value is used as the ith temporary support unloading amount
Expressed as formula (13):
Namely, it is
；
The calculated temporary support unloading amount
And unload control value
Comparing, and when a certain temporary support unloading amount
Exceeding the unload control value
The actual unloading amount of the temporary support is determined as the unloading control value of the temporary support
。
The temporary support unloading sequence and the single unloading amount can be accurately determined through the steps. In this embodiment, more preferably, in order to ensure safer construction, in the actual construction process, the selection of the support reaction force and the single unloading amount may be reduced according to the actual engineering, that is, the actual unloading amount of the temporary support is obtained by the temporary support unloading sequence and the unloading amount determining method, and then 80% of the value of the actual unloading amount is selected for the actual engineering application.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples. The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for determining unloading sequence and unloading amount of temporary supports is characterized in that the number of the temporary supports is assumed to be n, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S1, unloading the temporary supports one by using finite element analysis software, unloading 1 unit each time, calculating the variation of the reaction force of the rest temporary supports caused by unloading the temporary supports in sequence, and establishing a temporary support unloading influence matrix according to the calculation result
；
step S2, determining the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount of the temporary support by combining finite element calculation, relevant specifications, unloading equipment specifications and actual conditions of a construction site, calculating the corresponding unloading amount according to the maximum allowable support counterforce of the temporary support, comparing the unloading amount with the maximum allowable single unloading amount, and selecting a smaller value as an unloading control value;
step S3, establishing a temporary supporting and unloading sequence determination principle: the maximum allowable support counterforce and the maximum allowable single unloading amount in the unloading process do not exceed the unloading control value; the temporary support counter force changes uniformly in the unloading process, and sudden changes are reduced;
step S4, preparing an unloading order determination method: arranging the sum of the reaction variation of all other supports corresponding to each temporary support after unloading in a descending order, wherein the order is the temporary support unloading order, and after unloading the temporary supports according to the order, the self-weight load of the structure is transferred to the permanent support or the structure per se most quickly;
step S5, determining the single unload amount: after the temporary support is unloaded, all temporary support counter forces do not exceed the unloading control value, when the unloading amount of a certain temporary support exceeds the unloading control value, the actual unloading amount of the temporary support is the unloading control value, and n is an integer greater than 2.
2. The temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount determining method according to claim 1, wherein the temporary support unloading influence matrix in step S1
The establishment method comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a structure finite element model to calculate related parameters:
firstly, a structure main body and a temporary support model are established, a simulation working condition is established according to the construction process, the support counter force of each temporary support before unloading is obtained,
representing the support reaction force of the ith temporary support before unloading, and establishing a support reaction force vector of all temporary supports through a formula (2)
：
secondly, establishing a matrix of influence of unloading of the single temporary support on other temporary supports according to the finite element model
: reducing 1 unit length from the first support, calculating the support reaction variation of other temporary supports after the temporary support is unloaded by a finite element model,
the 1 st temporary supporting and unloading unit is represented, and the ith temporary supporting reaction force variation is represented;
representing the ith temporary support unloading by 1 unit, and the jth temporary support reaction force variation (i, j =1,2,3 … … n); 1 unit of temporary supporting and unloading is marked as-1, the temporary supporting counter force is increased to be plus, and the counter force is reduced to be-;
sequentially calculating influence data of reaction variation of all temporary supports on other temporary supports to obtain temporary support unloading influence matrix
。
3. The temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount determining method according to claim 1, wherein the unloading control value determining method in step S2 includes:
determining maximum allowable support counter force of each temporary support by combining finite element calculation and relevant specifications
(i =1,2,3 … n), and then the maximum allowable support reaction force direction is established by the formula (3)Measurement of
：
calculating the unloading value of each temporary support in the state according to the determined maximum allowable support counter force by adopting finite element calculation
；
Determining the maximum allowable single unloading amount of each temporary support by combining the specification of unloading equipment and actual conditions of a construction site
(i=1,2,3…n)；
Will be provided with
And
and comparing, and selecting a smaller value as a temporary support unloading control value:
then, a temporary support unloading control value vector is established through a formula (4)
:
4. The temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount determining method of claim 1, wherein the step S4 includes:
assuming that the 1 st temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, an unloading vector is established through a formula (5):
assuming that the 2 nd temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, an unloading vector is established by the formula (6):
and (3) if the ith temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, establishing an unloading vector through a formula (7):
after the 1 st temporary support is unloaded by 1 unit, all temporary support reaction force change vectors are established through a formula (8):
at this time, after the 1 st temporary support is unloaded, the sum of the variation of all temporary support reaction forces is equal to
，
Calculated by equation (9):
after the ith temporary support is unloaded, the sum of the variation of all temporary support counter forces is equal to
，
Calculated by equation (10):
according to the formula (10), the sum of the variable quantities of all temporary support reaction forces after the i-th temporary support is unloaded is an influence matrix
The sum of the ith column;
according to an influence matrix
And calculating the sum of each column, then arranging the sum in the numerical sequence from large to small, wherein the sequence is a temporary support unloading sequence, and after the temporary support is unloaded according to the sequence, the self-weight load of the structure is transferred to a permanent support or the structure per se at the fastest speed.
5. The temporary support unloading sequence and unloading amount determining method of claim 1, wherein the step S5 includes:
(1) setting the ith temporary support single unloading amount as
Then a temporary support unload vector is established by equation (11):
(2) after the ith temporary support is unloaded, each temporary support just reaches the maximum allowable value, n analytic solutions can be calculated, and the formula (12):
then:
it is thus possible to calculate:
n numbers are obtained by solving
Is given as
So that the minimum value is used as the ith temporary support unloading amount
Written as formula (13):
the calculated temporary support unloading amount
And unload control value
Comparing, when a certain temporary support unloading amount
Exceeding the unload control value
The actual unloading amount of the temporary support is determined as the unloading control value of the temporary support
。
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