CN109241560B - Treatment method of steel structure fiber model - Google Patents

Treatment method of steel structure fiber model Download PDF

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CN109241560B
CN109241560B CN201810862087.1A CN201810862087A CN109241560B CN 109241560 B CN109241560 B CN 109241560B CN 201810862087 A CN201810862087 A CN 201810862087A CN 109241560 B CN109241560 B CN 109241560B
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蒋瓅
瞿革
倪建公
李庆武
肖炳辉
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China Shipbuilding NDRI Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a treatment method of a steel structure fiber model, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and calculating the ratio n of the length of the member to the length of the shaping corner section, and loading and solving the formed fiber model, so that the failure damage of the member in the dynamic response process in the numerical simulation meets the deformation limit and the material strain limit of the FEMA member, and meanwhile, the damage degree of the residual structural member can be evaluated according to the member performance evaluation index of the FEMA standard. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple analysis process and high working efficiency, and particularly provides favorable basis and reference for the damage and the destruction of important components.

Description

Treatment method of steel structure fiber model
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building structure safety design, in particular to a steel structure fiber model processing method based on a FEMA standard.
Background
During engineering structure design, the safety of the whole structure under the action of earthquake and accidental load is often judged through dynamic elastoplasticity analysis, and the failure and the damage of a component are often considered. At present, the finite element model commonly used for elastic-plastic analysis comprises a plastic hinge model and a fiber model, wherein the plastic hinge model is a relatively macroscopic model, gives the performance state of a component according to the force-deformation relationship, and is commonly used in software such as Sap2000, midas/Gen and the like; the fiber model is a relatively microscopic model, which divides a section into a plurality of fibers and describes the performance state of a component through the uniaxial stress-strain relation of the material, and is commonly used in ABAQUS, ANSYS/LS-DYNA, MSC.MARC, perform-3D and other software.
With the continuous improvement of the computer level and the continuous improvement of the calculation precision requirement, the application of the dynamic elastoplasticity analysis based on the fiber model in the actual engineering is gradually increased. As for evaluation criteria, the current national specifications do not clearly specify the failure damage of the component, but are classified into six grades of no damage (intact), slight damage, mild damage, moderate damage, more severe damage and severe damage according to the damage condition of the component. In order to better evaluate the performance level of the engineering structure, the member performance evaluation indexes in the FEMA specification are widely applied at the present stage and have high acceptance, and the indexes are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 corresponding relationship table of plastic strain and each evaluation standard of steel
Degree of damage of high gauge Without damage Slight damage Mild damage Moderate damage Is relatively seriously damaged
FEMA Specification <B B～IO IO～LS LS～CP >CP
Common plastic strain index 1 epsilon p /ε y 0 0～1 1～3 3～6 >6
Common plastic strain index 2 ε p /ε y 0 0～2 2～4 4～6 >6
The standard divides the plastic stage of the component into a strain strengthening section (BC section) and a strength loss section (CDE section) based on the relation between the internal force of the component and macroscopic deformation, correspondingly divides the performance indexes of the component into three stages of immediate use (IO), life Safety (LS) and near Collapse (CP) within the plastic rotation range allowed by design (not exceeding the C point), and gives the plastic rotation angle and the deformation extreme value of different components corresponding to each performance level.
In the prior art, evaluation indexes are all based on a macroscopic component, in order to combine the macroscopic evaluation indexes with a microscopic fiber beam unit model analysis result, most of practical engineering uses the FEMA specification to take the ratio of the plastic strain epsilon p and the yield strain epsilon y of steel as an index for judging the damage degree of the component when dynamic elastoplasticity analysis is carried out based on ABAQUS, perform-3D and usage, and the limit plastic strain of the steel is set to be 2.5%. At present, the damage degree indexes of the components based on strain are not uniform, meanwhile, the damage form of the components cannot be reflected sufficiently through material deformation limit control, and the damage degree of the components is evaluated through the plastic strain of steel and still has a great difference with the evaluation standard in the FEMA standard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for processing a steel structure fiber model, which is designed aiming at the defects of the prior art, adopts the corresponding relation between microscopic material strain and FEMA macroscopic component performance indexes, adopts the elastoplasticity analysis of a general finite element to intuitively reflect the component damage and destruction conditions in the whole structure dynamic response process, realizes the control of the component deformation limit and the material deformation limit on the component failure destruction, ensures that the component failure destruction in the dynamic response process in numerical simulation meets the FEMA component deformation limit and the material strain limit, and simultaneously, the damage degree of the residual structural components can be evaluated according to the component performance indexes of the FEMA standard and can correspond to the evaluation indexes of the conventional elastoplasticity analysis.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a treatment method of a steel structure fiber model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. calculating the ratio n of the length of the member to the length of the shaped corner segment
Setting the plastic corner deformation of all beams, columns and diagonal members in a steel structure to be concentrated in the range of the length lp of the two ends of the member, namely a plastic corner section, and respectively calculating the beams according to the following formulas (I) and (II) according to the type, section parameters, material type, material limit plastic strain and FEMA member limit strength deformation of the member n Stud (diagonal bracing) n ：
Figure GDA0003952239180000031
Figure GDA0003952239180000032
In the formula: e is the modulus of elasticity; i is a section moment of inertia; epsilon u is the steel ultimate plastic strain (generally 2.5%;); mu.s a The ratio of the plastic corner to the yield corner of the component in the strain strengthening section; gamma is the shape factor of the cross section; γ = W p /W n ，W p Is a plastic section modulus, W n Is the modulus of elasticity in section; f. of y Is the material yield strength; h is 1 Is the distance from the cross-sectional edge fiber to the neutral axis.
b. Forming fiber model for loading solution
A steel structure fiber model is formed by adopting a grid division method, the distribution of fibers on a fiber section is determined, only one fiber beam unit is ensured in the plastic corner section of all the components, then loading solving is carried out, the failure damage of the components in the numerical simulation in the dynamic response process can be realized, the deformation limit and the material strain limit of the FEMA components can be met, and the damage degree of the residual structural components can be evaluated according to the component performance indexes of the FEMA standard.
The ratio of the plastic corner to the yield corner mu a The plastic rotation angle a value of the component in the FEMA-356 standard, table 5-6, when reaching the ultimate strength C, is the value a ＝θ C /θ y -1；θ C The corner is the corner when the component reaches the performance index ultimate strength C point of the FEMA component; theta y Is the yield angle of the component.
The beam n The derivation of the calculation formula is as follows:
(1) For a fiber model in general finite element software (ABAQUS, ANSYS/LS-DYNA), when the plastic strain of a certain fiber on a fiber beam unit reaches failure strain, the fiber can quit working; when all the fibers are withdrawn from the operation, the fiber beam unit is killed, the fiber beam unit is withdrawn from the operation firstly because the maximum plastic strain of the fiber beam unit generally occurs in the edge fiber, and then other fibers are continuously failed in the process of internal force redistribution until the unit is killed, and according to the failure characteristic, the component reaches the ultimate strength (corresponding to the point C in the performance index of the FEMA component) when the edge fiber is withdrawn from the operation, so that the corresponding relation between the macroscopic deformation of the component and the microscopic strain of the fiber is pushed out. Since the numerical simulation satisfies the flat section assumption, the strain on the section of the member is proportional to the distance from the neutral axis, and the relationship between the curvature φ and the fiber strain ε at the edge of the member is derived from the mathematical meaning of the curvature of the member by the following equation (V):
φ≈tanφ＝ε/h 1 ； (V)
wherein phi is the curvature; ε is the strain of the cross-sectional edge fiber.
(2) The plastic corner deformation of the setting member is concentrated at both ends l of the member p In the length range, namely, the two ends of the component are plastic corner sections, the curvature phi in the length range is kept constant, and the relation of the fiber strain epsilon at the edge of the corner theta of the component according to the following formula (VI) is deduced according to the formula (V):
θ＝φl p ≈εl p /h 1 。 (VI)
(3) According to the formula (5-1) in the FEMA-356 standard, the yield angle theta of the flexural member y Calculated according to the following formula (VII):
Figure GDA0003952239180000041
the rotation angle theta of the component reaching the performance index ultimate strength C point of the FEMA component c Calculated according to the following formula (VIII):
Figure GDA0003952239180000042
(4) Assuming that the component angle reaches theta C When the plastic strain of the edge fiber of the plastic corner section reaches the failure strain epsilon u While setting the strain at which the edge fiber yields to ε e ＝f y According to the formulae (VI) and (VIII), the ultimate strength of the component of the formula (IX) is determined by θ C And plastic strain epsilon of fiber at edge of plastic corner section u The relation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003952239180000051
further, the beam of the following formula (I) is pushed out n Calculating the formula:
Figure GDA0003952239180000052
the post (bracing) n The derivation of the calculation formula is as follows:
for the columnAnd the bending and stretch bending components such as the inclined strut, and the like, and the yield angle theta is determined according to the formula (5-2) of the FEMA356 by considering the influence of the axial pressure ratio y Calculated according to the following formula (X):
Figure GDA0003952239180000053
wherein, P is axial force; p ye Is the yield axial force of the section, P ye = a · fy. The FEMA-356 standard indicates when the axial pressure P is less than the compressive strength P CL At 50%, the failure of the steel member is controlled by deformation, and the steel member is shown as ductile stress performance; on the contrary, the force is controlled by force, which shows brittle stress performance, and the failure of the component is mainly destabilized and destroyed. In the range of deformation control, it can be seen from FEMA356 tables 5-6 that when P/P CL <0.2 time mu a =4, when 0.2<P/P CL <0.5 time mu a =1, the member deformation index greatly differs depending on the shaft pressure P. The factor taking into account the stability of the member is P CL <P ye Considering the adverse effect of the shaft pressure P on the deformation limit of the component and the uncertainty of the axial force P in the dynamic response process, uniformly taking P =0.2P ye Is calculated, then theta y ＝Wpfyl/(7.5E I ) (ii) a The relation between the curvature and the strain of the fiber at the edge of the plastic corner section is phi = (in epsilon-epsilon)/h 1 Where, in ε is the central axis strain, ε is =0.2P ye /(EA)＝f y /5E, thereby obtaining a member rotation angle θ of the following formula (XI) C Plastic strain epsilon of plastic corner section edge fiber u The relation is as follows:
Figure GDA0003952239180000054
further, the following (II) type column (diagonal brace) is pushed out n Calculating the formula:
Figure GDA0003952239180000055
when the member is stressed in the force control range(P≥0.5P ye ) When the component fails, the failure damage of the component is controlled by the deformation limit of the material and the stability of the component, and the set material failure effect is changed into epsilon u The method can be satisfied by solving a large deformation dynamics basic equation, and can be realized by general finite element software.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the elastic-plastic analysis of the micro material strain and FEMA macroscopic component performance general finite element is realized, the damage and destruction conditions of the component in the whole structure dynamic response process are intuitively reflected, the control of the component failure destruction by the component deformation limit and the material deformation limit is realized, the failure destruction of the component in the dynamic response process meets both the FEMA component deformation limit and the material strain limit, meanwhile, the damage degree of the residual structural component can be evaluated according to the component performance evaluation index of the FEMA standard, the analysis process is simple, the working efficiency is high, and particularly, favorable basis and reference are provided for the damage and destruction of important components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fiber model of a component.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The section steel with the cross section of H680 multiplied by 400 multiplied by 32 and the material strength of the girder ZL with the strength of Q345 1 For example, γ =1.16 is calculated according to the section parameters of the main beam; according to the material type, E =2.06 × 105N/mm is obtained 2 ，f y =345MPa; the limit plastic strain epsilon of the materials commonly used in the engineering at present u ＝2.5％。
According to the performance index of the component in the FEMA specification, the plastic corner a of the component reaching the ultimate strength C is determined to be 4 theta by referring to tables 5-6 in the FEMA-356 y I.e. mu a Is 4. According to the type of the component and the symmetry condition of the section, the beam is obtained by adopting formula (III) calculation n =16.5, i.e. the plastic corner segment 2 has a length of 1/16.5 of the length of the member.
b. Forming fiber model for loading solution
Referring to the attached figure 1, the distribution of fibers 11 on a fiber section 10 is determined, a fiber model 13 is formed on a high-rise steel structure by adopting an effective grid 12 dividing method, only one fiber beam unit 14 is ensured in a plastic corner section 2 of all components, and then loading solving is carried out, so that the failure damage of the components in the numerical simulation in the dynamic response process meets the deformation limit and the material strain limit of the FEMA components, and meanwhile, the damage degree of the residual structural components can be evaluated according to the component performance evaluation index of the FEMA standard.
Example 2
A steel column Z with a section of 800 × 500 × 28 × 28 and a material strength of Q345 1 For example, γ =1.22 is calculated from the section parameters; e = 2.06X 105N/mm depending on the type of material 2 ，f y =345MPa; material limit plastic strain epsilon u Taking 2.5 percent; examination of tables 5 to 6 in FEMA-356 determined the plastic rotation angle a of 4 θ at which the member reached the ultimate strength C y I.e. mu a Is 4. According to the component type and the section symmetry condition, the column is obtained by adopting the formula (IV) calculation n =19.3, i.e. the plastic corner segment 2 has a length of 1/19.3 of the length of the component.
b. Forming fiber model for loading solution
And (c) carrying out loading solution in the same step (b) as the step (1), so that the failure damage of the member in the numerical simulation in the dynamic response process meets the deformation limit and the material strain limit of the FEMA member, and meanwhile, the damage degree of the residual structural member can be evaluated according to the member performance index of the FEMA standard.
The above examples are only for further illustration of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and all equivalent implementations of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A treatment method of a steel structure fiber model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. calculating the ratio n of the length of the member to the length of the shaped corner segment
Setting the plastic corner deformation of all beams, columns and diagonal members in a steel structure to be concentrated in the range of the length lp of the two ends of the member, namely a plastic corner section, and carrying out plastic strain summation according to the type, section parameters, material type and material limitThe ultimate strength deformation of the FEMA member is calculated by the following formulas (I) and (II) n Column, column n And diagonal bracing n ：
Figure FDA0003952239170000011
Figure FDA0003952239170000012
In the formula: e is the modulus of elasticity; i is a section moment of inertia; epsilon u is the steel limit plastic strain; mu.s a The ratio of the plastic corner to the yield corner of the component in the strain strengthening section; gamma is the shape factor of the cross section; γ = W p /W n ，W p Is a plastic section modulus, W n Is the modulus of elasticity in section; f. of y Is the material yield strength; h is a total of 1 Is the distance from the cross-sectional edge fiber to the neutral axis;
b. forming fiber model for loading solution
A steel structure fiber model is formed by adopting a grid division method, the distribution of fibers on a fiber section is determined, only one fiber beam unit is ensured in the plastic corner section of all the components, then loading solving is carried out, the failure damage of the components in the numerical simulation in the dynamic response process can be realized, the deformation limit and the material strain limit of the FEMA components can be met, and the damage degree of the residual structural components can be evaluated according to the component performance indexes of the FEMA standard.
2. Method for processing a fibre model of steel structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratio μ of the plastic to yield turns is a The plastic rotation angle a value of the component in the FEMA-356 standard, table 5-6, at which the ultimate strength C is reached, is a ＝θ C /θ y -1；θ C The corner is the corner when the component reaches the performance index ultimate strength C point of the FEMA component; theta y Is the yield angle of the component.
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CN105424474A (en) * 2015-11-03 2016-03-23 北京交通大学 Method for evaluating damage accumulation inside steel structure thick plate
CN105550420A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-05-04 同济大学 Calculation method of ultimate bearing capacity of normal section of doubly reinforced strengthened core beam
JP2016095599A (en) * 2014-11-13 2016-05-26 三菱重工業株式会社 Structure analysis method
CN107247826A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-13 广西交通科学研究院有限公司 A kind of method for evaluating beam bridge failure mode

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016095599A (en) * 2014-11-13 2016-05-26 三菱重工業株式会社 Structure analysis method
CN105424474A (en) * 2015-11-03 2016-03-23 北京交通大学 Method for evaluating damage accumulation inside steel structure thick plate
CN105550420A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-05-04 同济大学 Calculation method of ultimate bearing capacity of normal section of doubly reinforced strengthened core beam
CN107247826A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-13 广西交通科学研究院有限公司 A kind of method for evaluating beam bridge failure mode

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