CN114991901A - Drum-shaped tappet and grinding process thereof - Google Patents
Drum-shaped tappet and grinding process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114991901A CN114991901A CN202210635954.4A CN202210635954A CN114991901A CN 114991901 A CN114991901 A CN 114991901A CN 202210635954 A CN202210635954 A CN 202210635954A CN 114991901 A CN114991901 A CN 114991901A
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000641 cold extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
- F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
- F01L1/14—Tappets; Push rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
- B24B5/16—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding peculiarly surfaces, e.g. bulged
Abstract
The invention discloses a drum-shaped tappet and a grinding process thereof. According to the invention, the micro-drum structure is processed on the working surface of the outer circle of the cylinder, the diameter of the middle of the working surface in contact with the tappet hole of the engine is the largest, the upper end and the lower end of the working surface are about 0.10mm small, the working surface is microscopically a spherical surface, and the working surface looks like a straight wall with naked eyes. The structure can ensure that the service life of parts is prolonged by fully lubricating in the working process, and can also be suitable for all types of valve tappets on the market at present, and the diameter of the head part of the structure is small, so that the valve tappet is more convenient in the installation process. The micro-drum type grinding adopts a profiling plate to trim the grinding wheel and the guide wheel into a shape opposite to the micro-drum type, and compared with the grinding by using a three-axis or five-axis grinding device, the micro-drum type grinding can reduce the processing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engine valve tappets, in particular to a drum-shaped tappet and a grinding process thereof.
Background
As shown in fig. 1, the working surface of the existing valve tappet, which is in contact with the tappet hole of the engine, is substantially straight-walled, i.e. the working surfaces from the upper end to the bottom are all of the same diameter, the tappet reciprocates up and down and rotates in the engine under the action of the thrust of a cam, and because the gap between the diameter of the working surface and the tappet hole is small, the situation of insufficient lubrication may occur, which causes the wear of parts and seriously reduces the service life of the parts; as shown in figure 2, a small part of the tappet is also made into a waist drum shape, the diameter of the working surface in the middle is about 1/3, the upper end and the bottom of the end surface of the tappet are provided with conicity, and the whole tappet is made into a drum shape. Meanwhile, the prior art does not have a special grinding process for the drum tappet, and the drum tappet is difficult to be ground into a smooth curved surface and produced in a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention designs a drum-shaped tappet and a grinding process thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the drum-shaped tappet comprises a cylinder body, wherein the bottom of the cylinder body is provided with a bottom working surface, a circumferential part in the middle of an excircle working surface of the cylinder body protrudes outwards relative to circumferential parts at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body, and a drum-shaped smooth curved surface is formed on the excircle working surface of the cylinder body.
Preferably, an outwardly convex spherical surface is formed on the bottom working surface, and an inwardly concave spherical surface is arranged at the center of the bottom working surface on the basis of the outwardly convex spherical surface, so that the central section of the bottom working surface forms a biconvex shape.
Preferably, the base face lenticular shape has a convexity value h of 0.006 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the middle of the cylindrical outer working surface is 0.10mm larger than the diameters of the upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical outer working surface.
Preferably, the drum-shaped tappet is an integral tappet, and the bottom working surface and the cylinder body are of an integral structure.
Preferably, the drum-shaped tappet is a split type welding tappet, a cylinder welding groove is formed in the bottom of the cylinder, a hard alloy sheet is welded in the cylinder welding groove through a copper welding sheet, and the bottom working surface is arranged on the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet.
The drum-shaped grinding process of the integral tappet comprises the following process steps:
a1, blanking: in the blanking stage, X210CrW12 or GCr15 or cold shock column iron material is used as a blank making raw material of the tappet, and the blank shape of the tappet is processed in a hot forging or cold heading or cold shock casting forming mode;
a2, rough turning and drilling before heat treatment: machining the outer circle surface, the inner circle surface, the upper end surface, the bottom working surface and the ball socket working surface of the tappet on the basis of a tappet blank in a turning mode, and drilling and machining an oil hole of the tappet after rough turning of the tappet requiring the oil hole;
a3, heat treatment process: carrying out high-temperature quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment on the integral tappet, and adopting different quenching temperatures and tempering temperatures according to different materials to ensure that the hardness of the tappet after heat treatment is more than 48 HRC;
a4, finish turning after heat treatment: after heat treatment, a tappet ball socket working surface is machined through finish turning;
a5, grinding a working surface at the bottom of the tappet: after the processing of the working surface of the tappet ball socket is finished, the outer circle working surface of the tappet is ground in a centerless grinding or plunge grinding mode according to the shape of the tappet, then the outer circle working surface of the tappet is clamped by a clamping roller A and a clamping roller B to grind the working surface at the bottom of the tappet, selecting a grinding wheel with proper granularity and material according to the roughness requirement and a tappet material, adjusting the angle of a main shaft of grinding equipment to enable the grinding wheel to form an inclination angle a with a working surface at the bottom of the tappet, adjusting the grinding wheel until grinding materials of the grinding wheel pass through the center of the working surface at the bottom of the tappet, adjusting the rotating direction to be opposite to the rotating direction of the tappet, controlling the convexity of the working surface at the bottom of the tappet to be 0.006mm by adjusting the inclination angle a during grinding, and controlling the linear velocity at the center of the working surface at the bottom of the tappet to be much smaller than the linear velocity in the middle to the outer area during the rotation of the tappet during grinding, the control of the convexity value of the bottom working surface of the tappet is small, so that the central section of the bottom working surface forms a biconvex shape after grinding;
a6, nitriding or plating treatment of the working surface of the bottom of the tappet: after grinding the working surface at the bottom of the tappet, performing nitriding treatment or plating treatment;
a7, fine grinding of the outer circle working surface of the tappet: after nitriding or plating treatment, carrying out fine grinding processing on the outer circle working surface of the tappet, selecting a grinding machine with a grinding wheel profile plate and a guide wheel profile plate for the grinding drum-shaped tappet, and selecting a grinding wheel according to the material and roughness requirements of the tappet; according to the radius R of the excircle working surface of the tappet, a grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate and a guide wheel profile plate with the same radius R on one side are cut and processed by slow wires, the shape of the grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate is concave, and according to the idle running stroke of a diamond pen during grinding wheel finishing of equipment, idle running strokes d1 and d2 of the diamond pen are reserved on the grinding wheel profile plate, and similarly, idle running strokes e1 and e2 of the diamond pen are reserved on the guide wheel profile plate; after the profiling plate is machined, the profiling plate is installed at the position of an original profiling plate of a grinding machine, a grinding wheel and a guide wheel are trimmed before grinding, the concave shape of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel is completely trimmed, and a drum-shaped tappet cylindrical working surface is obtained in a cutting-in grinding mode.
Preferably, in step a4, if the tappet ball socket working surface has high roughness and profile requirements, the tappet ball socket working surface may be extruded and shaped by a cold extrusion method.
Preferably, in the step a6, different treatment processes are selected according to different materials, a nitriding process is selected for an X210CrW12 material tappet, a plating process is selected for a GCr15 material tappet, a nitriding or plating process is adopted for a chilled cast iron tappet, and the nitrided surface hardness, the depth of a white layer, the depth of a diffusion layer, the brittleness grade, the loose layer grade or the plated surface hardness, the plating thickness and the bonding force grade of the working surface at the bottom of the tappet are controlled according to use requirements.
The drum-shaped grinding process of the split type welding tappet comprises the following process steps:
s1, blanking: in the blanking stage, 45 steel, 40Cr, SWRCH45K and C45EC materials are selected as blank making raw materials of a cylinder, HL105 or T2 copper strips are selected as blank making raw materials of a copper sheet, and Co and WC materials are selected as blank making raw materials of a hard alloy sheet; performing cold heading on the working surface of the cylinder ball socket and the blank shape by using a cold heading forming process to obtain a cylinder cold heading blank; processing the copper material belt into a copper soldering lug in a punch forming mode; processing Co and WC raw materials into hard alloy sheets through sintering, pressing and grinding;
s2, turning of the sub-part before welding: turning on a cylinder cold heading blank to process a cylinder inner cavity connected with a ball socket and a cylinder upper end surface, then turning and processing a cylinder welding groove, a cylinder flange outer circular surface and a cylinder flange outer circular surface connected with a flange surface by positioning the bottom of a cylinder by a ball socket working surface, turning and processing an annular oil groove for a tappet with an oil hole, and tapping and drilling a longitudinal oil hole and a transverse oil hole;
s3, assembling sub-parts before welding: placing a copper welding sheet in a cylinder welding groove at the bottom of the cylinder, and then placing a hard alloy sheet on the copper welding sheet in the cylinder welding groove;
s4, welding: placing the assembled tappet into a welding furnace for welding, determining the welding temperature according to the copper brazing sheet material, wherein the welding temperature is 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of a copper brazing sheet, melting the copper brazing sheet by heat in the welding process, filling a gap between a welding groove of the cylinder and a hard alloy sheet, cooling the re-solidified copper to form a welding seam, and welding the cylinder and the hard alloy sheet together;
s5, heat treatment: the surface hardness of the tappet is improved by adopting a heat treatment mode of induction quenching, the surface hardness of the ball socket working surface and the surface hardness of the cylinder outer circle working surface are not lower than 550HV10, the depth of a hardened layer is not lower than 0.5mm, the tappet is tempered at low temperature by using a box-type tempering furnace after the induction quenching, the tempering temperature is 120-200 ℃, and the tempering time is controlled to be 40 minutes to 1.5 hours;
s6, grinding the welded working surface: after the processing of the ball socket working surface is finished, grinding the cylindrical working surface of the cylinder body in a centerless grinding or plunge grinding mode according to the shape of the tappet, then clamping the cylindrical working surface of the cylinder body through a clamping roller A and a clamping roller B to grind the bottom surface of a hard alloy sheet at the bottom of the tappet, selecting a grinding wheel with proper granularity and material according to the roughness requirement and the material of the tappet, adjusting the angle of a main shaft of grinding equipment to enable the grinding wheel to form an inclination angle a with the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet, adjusting the grinding wheel to enable a grinding material to penetrate through the center of the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet, adjusting the rotating direction to be opposite to the rotating direction of the tappet, controlling the convexity value of the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet to be 0.006mm by adjusting the inclination angle a during grinding, and enabling the central section of the bottom working surface to form a biconvex shape after grinding;
s7, fine grinding of the cylindrical working surface: performing fine grinding processing on the cylindrical working surface after nitriding or plating treatment, selecting a grinding machine with a grinding wheel profile plate and a guide wheel profile plate for a grinding drum-shaped tappet, and selecting a grinding wheel according to the material and roughness requirements of the tappet; according to the radius R of the excircle working surface of the tappet, a grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate and a guide wheel profile plate with the same radius R on one surface are cut and processed by slow wires, the grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate and the guide wheel profile plate are concave, and the idle traveling strokes d1 and d2 of a diamond pen are reserved on the grinding wheel profile plate according to the idle traveling strokes of the diamond pen during the grinding wheel trimming of equipment, and similarly, the idle traveling strokes e1 and e2 of the diamond pen are reserved on the guide wheel profile plate; after the profiling plate is machined, the profiling plate is installed at the original profiling plate position of a grinding machine, a grinding wheel and a guide wheel are trimmed before grinding, the concave shape of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel is completely trimmed, and a drum-shaped cylindrical working surface is obtained in a cutting-in grinding mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the micro-drum structure is processed on the working surface of the outer circle of the cylinder, the diameter of the middle of the working surface in contact with the tappet hole of the engine is the largest, the upper end and the lower end of the working surface are about 0.10mm small, the working surface is microscopically a spherical surface, and the working surface looks like a straight wall with naked eyes. The structure can ensure that the service life of parts is prolonged by fully lubricating in the working process, and can also be suitable for all types of valve tappets on the market at present, and the diameter of the head part of the structure is small, so that the valve tappet is more convenient in the installation process. The micro-drum type grinding adopts a profiling plate to trim the grinding wheel and the guide wheel into a shape opposite to the micro-drum type, and compared with the grinding by using a three-axis or five-axis grinding device, the micro-drum type grinding can reduce the processing cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art straight wall tappet;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a prior art waist drum tappet;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a drum tappet of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of one fabrication of the monolithic tappet of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the drum lifter bottom work surface grinding of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the bottom working surface of the drum lifter of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a split tappet cold heading blank according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of one process for manufacturing the split lifter of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the split lifter of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the drum lifter grinding process of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the outer cylindrical working surface of the drum lifter of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of wheel and idler dressing in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: 1. 1-1 parts of a tappet, 1-2 parts of an outer circle working surface of the tappet, 1-3 parts of an inner circle surface of the tappet, 1-4 parts of a ball socket working surface of the tappet, 1-5 parts of an upper end surface of the tappet, 1-5-1 parts of a working surface of the bottom of the tappet, 1-6 parts of a working surface center of the bottom of the tappet, a tappet oil hole, 2 parts of a cold pier blank, 2-1 parts of a ball socket working surface, 2-2 parts of an inner cavity of a cylinder, 2-3 parts of an upper end surface of the cylinder, 2-4 parts of a welding groove of the cylinder, 2-5 parts of an outer circle surface of a flange of the cylinder, 2-6 parts of an outer circle surface and a flange surface connecting and avoiding groove, 2-7 parts of a longitudinal oil hole, 2-8 parts of a transverse oil hole, 2-9 parts of an annular oil groove, 2-10 parts of an outer circle working surface of the cylinder, 3 parts of a copper welding sheet, 3-1 parts of a welding line, 4 parts of a welding line and a hard alloy sheet, 5. 5-1 parts of a grinding wheel, grinding materials of the grinding wheel, 6 parts of a main shaft of end face grinding equipment, 7 parts of clamping rollers A and 8 parts of clamping rollers B and 9 parts of the grinding wheel and a guide wheel dressing diamond pen, 10 parts of the grinding wheel, a guide wheel and 11 parts of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel dressing line, 12 parts of the grinding wheel and 13 parts of the guide wheel.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by the following specific embodiments in combination with the attached drawings:
example (b): as shown in figure 3, the drum-shaped tappet comprises a cylinder body, a bottom working surface is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body, the middle circumferential part of the cylindrical working surface of the cylinder body protrudes outwards relative to the circumferential parts at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body, and a drum-shaped smooth curved surface is formed on the cylindrical working surface of the cylinder body.
An outwards convex spherical surface is formed on the bottom working surface, and an inwards concave spherical surface is arranged at the center of the bottom working surface on the basis of the outwards convex spherical surface, so that the central section of the bottom working surface forms a biconvex shape.
The convexity of the bottom working surface lenticular shape, h, is 0.006 mm.
The diameter of the middle of the cylindrical outer working surface is 0.10mm larger than the diameters of the upper end and the lower end of the cylindrical outer working surface.
The drum-shaped tappet is an integral tappet, and the bottom working surface and the cylinder body are of an integral structure.
The drum-shaped tappet is a split type welding tappet, a cylinder welding groove is formed in the bottom of the cylinder, a hard alloy sheet is welded in the cylinder welding groove through a copper welding sheet, and the bottom working surface is arranged on the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet.
As shown in fig. 4, the drum-type grinding process of the integral tappet comprises the following process steps:
a1, blanking: in the blanking stage, X210CrW12 or GCr15 or cold shock column iron material is used as a blank making raw material of the tappet 1, and the blank shape of the tappet 1 is processed in a hot forging or cold heading or cold shock casting forming mode;
a2, rough turning and drilling before heat treatment: machining a tappet outer circular surface 1-1, a tappet inner circular surface 1-2, a tappet upper end surface 1-4, a tappet bottom working surface 1-5 and a tappet ball socket working surface 1-3 in a turning mode on the basis of a tappet 1 blank, and drilling a tappet requiring an oil hole after rough turning to machine the tappet oil hole 1-6;
a3, heat treatment process: carrying out high-temperature quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment on the integral tappet, and adopting different quenching temperatures and tempering temperatures according to different materials to ensure that the hardness of the tappet after heat treatment is more than 48 HRC;
a4, finish turning after heat treatment: after heat treatment, machining 1-3 working surfaces of the tappet ball socket by finish turning;
a5, grinding a working surface at the bottom of the tappet: as shown in figures 5-6, after finishing machining of a tappet ball socket working surface 1-3, grinding a tappet outer circle working surface 1-1 in a centerless grinding or plunge grinding mode according to the shape of the tappet, clamping the tappet outer circle working surface 1-1 by a clamping roller A7 and a clamping roller B8 to grind a tappet bottom working surface 1-5, selecting a grinding wheel 5 with proper granularity and material according to roughness requirements and a tappet material, adjusting the angle of a main shaft 6 of a grinding device to enable the grinding wheel to form an inclination angle a with the tappet bottom working surface 1-5, adjusting the grinding wheel 5 to enable a grinding wheel abrasive 5-1 to penetrate through the center 1-5-1 of the tappet bottom working surface, adjusting the rotation direction to be opposite to the rotation direction of the tappet 1, controlling the convexity value of the tappet bottom working surface 1-5 to be 0.006mm by adjusting the inclination angle a during grinding, and controlling the linear velocity of the tappet bottom working surface center 1-5-1 to be in a medium linear velocity ratio when the tappet rotates in grinding The linear velocity of the area from middle to outside is much smaller, and because the convexity value of the working surface 1-5 at the bottom of the tappet is controlled to be smaller, the central section of the working surface at the bottom forms a biconvex shape after grinding;
a6, 1-5 nitriding treatment or plating treatment of the working surface of the bottom of the tappet: grinding the working surface 1-5 at the bottom of the tappet, and then performing nitriding treatment or plating treatment;
a7, fine grinding of the outer circle working surface 1-1 of the tappet: as shown in fig. 11-13, after nitriding or plating the outer cylindrical working surface 1-1 of the tappet, performing finish grinding on the tappet, selecting a grinding machine with a grinding wheel profile plate 15 and a guide wheel profile plate 16 for the grinding drum-shaped tappet, and selecting a grinding wheel 12 according to the material and roughness requirements of the tappet; according to the radius R of the excircle working surface of the tappet, a grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate 15 and a guide wheel profile plate 16 with the same radius R on one surface are cut and processed by slow wires, the shapes of the grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate and the guide wheel profile plate are concave, the idle traveling strokes d1 and d2 of a diamond pen are reserved on the grinding wheel profile plate according to the idle traveling strokes of the diamond pen during the grinding wheel trimming of equipment, and similarly, the idle traveling strokes e1 and e2 of the diamond pen are reserved on the guide wheel profile plate; after the profiling plate is machined, the profiling plate is installed at the original profiling plate position of a grinding machine, a grinding wheel 12 and a guide wheel 13 are trimmed before grinding, the concave shape of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel is completely trimmed, and a drum-shaped tappet cylindrical working surface 1-1 is obtained in a cutting-in grinding mode.
In the step A4, if the tappet ball socket working surface 1-3 has high roughness and profile requirements, the tappet ball socket working surface 1-3 can be extruded and shaped in a cold extrusion mode.
In the step A6, different treatment processes are selected according to different materials, a nitriding process is selected for the tappet 1 made of the X210CrW12 material, a plating process is selected for the tappet 1 made of the GCr15 material, a nitriding or plating process is adopted for the tappet 1 made of the chilled cast iron, and the surface hardness, the depth of a white layer, the depth of a diffusion layer, the brittleness grade, the loose layer grade or the surface hardness, the plating thickness and the bonding force grade after plating after nitriding of the working surface 1-5 at the bottom of the tappet are controlled according to use requirements.
As shown in fig. 5-13, the drum-type grinding process for split welded tappet comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: in the blanking stage, 45 steel, 40Cr, SWRCH45K and C45EC materials are selected as blank making raw materials of the cylinder 2, HL105 or T2 copper strips are selected as blank making raw materials of the copper sheet 3, and Co and WC materials are selected as blank making raw materials of the hard alloy sheet 4; performing cold heading on the cylinder ball socket working surface 2-1 and the blank shape by using a cold heading forming process to obtain a cylinder cold heading blank; processing the copper material belt into a copper brazing sheet 3 in a stamping forming mode; processing Co and WC raw materials into hard alloy sheets through sintering, pressing and grinding;
s2, turning of the sub-part before welding: turning on a cylinder 2 cold pier blank to process a cylinder inner cavity 2-2 connected with a ball socket and a cylinder upper end surface 2-3, positioning the bottom of the cylinder by using a ball socket working surface 2-1, and turning to process a cylinder welding groove 2-4, a cylinder flange outer circular surface 2-5 and an outer circular surface and flange surface connection avoidance groove 2-6, wherein for a tappet with an oil hole, an annular oil groove 2-9 can be turned, and a longitudinal oil hole 2-7 and a transverse oil hole 2-8 can be processed by tapping;
s3, assembling the sub-parts before welding: placing a copper soldering lug 3 in a cylinder welding groove 2-4 at the bottom of the cylinder 2, and then placing a hard alloy lug 4 on the copper soldering lug in the cylinder welding groove 2-4;
s4, welding: placing the assembled tappet into a welding furnace for welding, determining the welding temperature according to the welding temperature of a copper brazing sheet, wherein the welding temperature is 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of the copper brazing sheet, heating and melting the copper brazing sheet 3 in the welding process, filling a gap between a welding groove 2-4 of the tappet and a hard alloy sheet 4, cooling the re-solidified copper to form a welding seam 3-1, and welding the tappet 2 and the hard alloy sheet 4 together;
s5, heat treatment: the surface hardness of the tappet is improved by adopting a heat treatment mode of induction quenching, the induction quenching ensures that the surface hardness of 2-1 of the ball socket working surface and 2-10 of the cylinder excircle working surface is not lower than 550HV10, the depth of a hardened layer is not lower than 0.5mm, a box type tempering furnace is used for carrying out low-temperature tempering on the tappet after the induction quenching, the tempering temperature is 120 plus 200 ℃, and the tempering time is controlled to be 40 minutes to 1.5 hours;
s6, grinding the welded working surface: after the ball socket working surface 2-1 is machined, grinding the cylindrical working surface 2-10 of a cylinder in a centerless grinding or plunge grinding mode according to the shape of the tappet, clamping the cylindrical working surface 2-10 of the cylinder through a clamping roller A7 and a clamping roller B8 to grind the bottom surface of a hard alloy sheet 4 at the bottom of the tappet according to roughness requirements and tappet materials, selecting a grinding wheel 5 with proper granularity and materials according to roughness requirements, adjusting the angle of a main shaft 6 of grinding equipment to enable the grinding wheel to form an inclination angle a with the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet 4, adjusting the grinding wheel 5 to enable a grinding material 5-1 of the grinding wheel to penetrate through the center of the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet 4, adjusting the rotation direction to be opposite to the rotation direction of the tappet 1, controlling the convexity value of the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet 4 to be 0.006mm through adjusting the inclination angle a during grinding, and enabling the center section of the bottom working surface to form a biconvex shape after grinding;
s7, fine grinding of the cylindrical working surface: after the excircle working surface of the cylinder is nitrided or plated, the cylinder is subjected to fine grinding processing, a grinding machine with a grinding wheel profile plate 15 and a guide wheel profile plate 16 is selected for grinding the drum-shaped tappet, and a grinding wheel 12 is selected according to the material and roughness requirements of the tappet; according to the radius R of the excircle working surface of the tappet, a grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate 15 and a guide wheel profile plate 16 with the same radius R on one surface are cut and processed by slow wires, the shapes of the grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate and the guide wheel profile plate are concave, the idle traveling strokes d1 and d2 of a diamond pen are reserved on the grinding wheel profile plate according to the idle traveling strokes of the diamond pen during the grinding wheel trimming of equipment, and similarly, the idle traveling strokes e1 and e2 of the diamond pen are reserved on the guide wheel profile plate; after the profiling plate is machined, the profiling plate is installed at the original profiling plate position of a grinding machine, a grinding wheel 12 and a guide wheel 13 are trimmed before grinding, the concave shape of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel is completely trimmed, and a drum-shaped cylindrical working surface 2-10 is obtained in a cutting-in grinding mode.
According to the invention, the micro-drum structure is processed on the working surface of the outer circle of the cylinder, the diameter of the middle of the working surface in contact with the tappet hole of the engine is the largest, the upper end and the lower end of the working surface are about 0.10mm small, the working surface is microscopically a spherical surface, and the working surface looks like a straight wall with naked eyes. The structure can ensure that the service life of parts is prolonged by sufficient lubrication in the working process, and can also be suitable for all types of valve tappets on the market at present, and the diameter of the head part of the structure is small, so that the valve tappet is more convenient in the installation process. The micro-drum type grinding adopts a profiling plate to trim the grinding wheel and the guide wheel into a shape opposite to the micro-drum type, and compared with the grinding by using a three-axis or five-axis grinding device, the micro-drum type grinding can reduce the processing cost.
Meanwhile, the central section of the bottom working surface of the tappet, which is in contact with the cam, is designed to form a biconvex shape, and the structure can effectively reduce the radius of a spherical surface due to the biconvex shape of the tappet working surface, increase the contact area, reduce the contact stress between the cam and the tappet, and avoid the problem that the working surface at the bottom of the tappet is scratched by the edge of the cam.
The above-described embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The drum-shaped tappet is characterized in that a circumferential part in the middle of the cylindrical outer working surface of the cylinder protrudes outwards relative to circumferential parts at the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder, and a drum-shaped smooth curved surface is formed on the cylindrical outer working surface of the cylinder.
2. The drum lifter according to claim 1, wherein the bottom working surface has an outwardly convex spherical surface formed thereon, and the center of the bottom working surface is provided with an inwardly concave spherical surface on the basis of the outwardly convex spherical surface, so that the central section of the bottom working surface has a biconvex shape.
3. A drum lifter according to claim 2, characterized in that the convexity h of the biconvex shape of the bottom working surface is 0.006 mm.
4. The drum lifter according to claim 3, wherein a diameter in a middle of the outer circumferential working surface of the cylinder is 0.10mm larger than diameters of upper and lower ends of the outer circumferential working surface of the cylinder.
5. The drum tappet of claim 4, wherein the drum tappet is a monolithic tappet, and the bottom working surface and the cylindrical body are of a unitary construction.
6. The drum type tappet according to claim 4, wherein the drum type tappet is a split type welded tappet, a cylinder welding groove is formed in the bottom of the cylinder, the hard alloy sheet is welded in the cylinder welding groove through a copper welding sheet, and the bottom working surface is arranged on the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet.
7. A process for grinding a drum lifter according to claim 5, characterized by the process steps of:
a1, blanking: in the blanking stage, X210CrW12 or GCr15 or a cold shock column iron material is used as a blank making raw material of the tappet (1), and the blank shape of the tappet (1) is processed in a hot forging or cold heading or cold shock casting forming mode;
a2, rough turning and drilling before heat treatment: machining an outer circle surface (1-1), an inner circle surface (1-2), an upper end surface (1-4) and a bottom working surface (1-5) of the tappet and a ball socket working surface (1-3) of the tappet in a turning mode on the basis of a blank of the tappet (1), and drilling and machining an oil hole (1-6) of the tappet after rough turning of the tappet requiring the oil hole is finished;
a3, heat treatment process: carrying out high-temperature quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment on the integral tappet, and adopting different quenching temperatures and tempering temperatures according to different materials to ensure that the hardness of the tappet after heat treatment is more than 48 HRC;
a4, finish turning after heat treatment: after heat treatment, a tappet ball socket working surface (1-3) is machined through finish turning;
a5, grinding a tappet bottom working surface: after finishing machining of a tappet ball socket working surface (1-3), grinding a tappet outer circle working surface (1-1) in a centerless grinding or plunge grinding mode according to the shape of the tappet, clamping the tappet outer circle working surface (1-1) through a clamping roller A (7) and a clamping roller B (8) to grind a tappet bottom working surface (1-5), selecting a grinding wheel (5) with proper granularity and material according to roughness requirements and a tappet material, adjusting the angle of a main shaft (6) of grinding equipment to enable the grinding wheel to form an inclination angle a with the tappet bottom working surface (1-5), adjusting the grinding wheel (5) to enable grinding wheel abrasive (5-1) to penetrate through the center (1-5-1) of the tappet bottom working surface, adjusting the rotation direction to be opposite to the rotation direction of the tappet (1), and controlling the convexity value of the tappet bottom working surface (1-5) to be 0.006mm by adjusting the inclination angle a during grinding, when the tappet rotates in grinding, the linear velocity of the center (1-5-1) of the working surface at the bottom of the tappet is much smaller than that of the linear velocity of the middle outward area, and the convexity value of the working surface (1-5) at the bottom of the tappet is controlled to be smaller, so that the center section of the working surface at the bottom forms a biconvex shape after grinding;
a6, nitriding treatment or plating treatment of the working surface (1-5) of the bottom of the tappet: after grinding the working surface (1-5) at the bottom of the tappet, performing nitriding treatment or plating treatment;
a7, fine grinding of a tappet outer circle working surface (1-1): after the excircle working surface (1-1) of the tappet is nitrided or plated, the tappet is subjected to finish grinding, a grinding machine with a grinding wheel profile plate (15) and a guide wheel profile plate (16) is selected for grinding the drum-shaped tappet, and a grinding wheel (12) is selected according to the material and roughness requirements of the tappet; according to the radius R of the excircle working surface of the tappet, a grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate (15) and a guide wheel profile plate (16) with the same radius R on one surface are cut and processed by slow wires, the shapes of the grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate and the guide wheel profile plate are concave, and the idle traveling strokes d1 and d2 of a diamond pen are reserved on the grinding wheel profile plate according to the idle traveling stroke of the diamond pen during grinding wheel finishing of equipment, and similarly, the idle traveling strokes e1 and e2 of the diamond pen are reserved on the guide wheel profile plate; after the profiling plate is machined, the profiling plate is installed at the original profiling plate position of a grinding machine, a grinding wheel (12) and a guide wheel (13) are trimmed before grinding, the concave shape of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel is completely trimmed, and a drum-shaped tappet cylindrical working surface (1-1) is obtained in a cutting-in grinding mode.
8. The grinding process for the drum tappet according to claim 7, wherein in step A4, if the tappet ball socket working surface (1-3) has high roughness and contour requirements, the tappet ball socket working surface (1-3) can be extruded and shaped by means of cold extrusion.
9. The grinding process of the drum type tappet according to the claim 7, characterized in that in the step A6, different treatment processes are selected according to different materials, a nitriding process is selected for the tappet (1) made of X210CrW12 material, a coating process is selected for the tappet (1) made of GCr15 material, a nitriding or coating process is adopted for the tappet (1) made of chilled cast iron, and the nitrided surface hardness, the nitrided white layer depth, the nitrided layer depth, the brittle grade and the loose layer grade of the bottom working surface (1-5) of the tappet or the surface hardness, the plated layer thickness and the bonding force grade of the coated layer are controlled according to the use requirements.
10. A process for grinding a drum lifter according to claim 6, characterized in that the process comprises the steps of:
s1, blanking: in the blanking stage, 45 steel, 40Cr, SWRCH45K and C45EC materials are selected as blank making raw materials of the column (2), HL105 or T2 copper strip is selected as the blank making raw materials of the copper sheet (3), and Co and WC materials are selected as the blank making raw materials of the hard alloy sheet (4); performing cold heading on the cylinder ball socket working surface (2-1) and the blank shape by using a cold heading forming process to obtain a cylinder cold heading blank; processing the copper material belt into a copper soldering lug (3) in a punch forming mode; processing Co and WC raw materials into hard alloy sheets through sintering, pressing and grinding;
s2, turning of the sub-part before welding: turning on a cylinder (2) cold pier blank to machine a cylinder inner cavity (2-2) connected with a ball socket and a cylinder upper end surface (2-3), positioning the bottom of the cylinder by a ball socket working surface (2-1), and turning to machine a cylinder welding groove (2-4), a cylinder flange outer circular surface (2-5) and an outer circular surface and flange surface connection avoidance groove (2-6), wherein a tappet with an oil hole can be turned to machine an annular oil groove (2-9), and a longitudinal oil hole (2-7) and a transverse oil hole (2-8) are machined by an attack drill;
s3, assembling sub-parts before welding: placing the copper soldering lug (3) in a cylinder welding groove (2-4) at the bottom of the cylinder (2), and then placing the hard alloy lug (4) on the copper soldering lug in the cylinder welding groove (2-4);
s4, welding: placing the assembled tappet into a vacuum furnace or a mesh belt furnace for welding, determining the welding temperature according to the copper brazing sheet material, wherein the welding temperature is 20-100 ℃ higher than the melting point of the copper brazing sheet, heating and melting the copper brazing sheet (3) in the welding process, filling the gap between the cylinder welding groove (2-4) and the hard alloy sheet (4), cooling the re-solidified copper to form a welding line (3-1), and welding the cylinder (2) and the hard alloy sheet (4) together;
s5, heat treatment: the surface hardness of the tappet is improved by adopting a heat treatment mode of induction quenching, the surface hardness of the ball socket working surface (2-1) and the surface hardness of the cylinder excircle working surface (2-10) are not lower than 550HV10 by the induction quenching, the depth of a hardened layer is not lower than 0.5mm, the tappet is tempered at low temperature by a box-type tempering furnace after the induction quenching, the tempering temperature is 120 plus 200 ℃, and the tempering time is controlled to be 40 minutes to 1.5 hours;
s6, grinding the welded working surface: after the ball socket working surface (2-1) is processed, the cylindrical working surface (2-10) of the cylinder is ground in a centerless grinding or plunge grinding mode according to the shape of the tappet, then the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet (4) at the bottom of the tappet is ground by clamping the cylindrical working surface (2-10) through a clamping roller A (7) and a clamping roller B (8), selecting a grinding wheel (5) with proper granularity and material according to the roughness requirement and the tappet material, the angle of a main shaft (6) of grinding equipment is adjusted to enable a grinding wheel to form an inclination angle a with the bottom surface of a hard alloy sheet (4), the grinding wheel (5) is adjusted to enable grinding wheel abrasive (5-1) to penetrate through the center of the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet (4), the rotating direction is adjusted to be opposite to the rotating direction of a tappet (1), the convexity value of the bottom surface of the hard alloy sheet (4) is controlled to be 0.006mm during grinding through adjusting the inclination angle a, and the central section of a bottom working surface forms a biconvex shape after grinding;
s7, fine grinding of the cylindrical working surface: after the excircle working surface of the cylinder is nitrided or plated, the cylinder is subjected to fine grinding processing, a grinding machine with a grinding wheel profile plate (15) and a guide wheel profile plate (16) is selected for grinding the drum-shaped tappet, and a grinding wheel (12) is selected according to the requirements of tappet material and roughness; according to the radius R of the excircle working surface of the tappet, a grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate (15) and a guide wheel profile plate (16) with the same radius R on one surface are cut and processed by slow wires, the shapes of the grinding wheel guide wheel profile plate and the guide wheel profile plate are concave, and the idle traveling strokes d1 and d2 of a diamond pen are reserved on the grinding wheel profile plate according to the idle traveling stroke of the diamond pen during grinding wheel finishing of equipment, and similarly, the idle traveling strokes e1 and e2 of the diamond pen are reserved on the guide wheel profile plate; after the profiling plate is machined, the profiling plate is installed at the original profiling plate position of a grinding machine, a grinding wheel (12) and a guide wheel (13) are trimmed before grinding, the concave shape of the grinding wheel and the guide wheel is completely trimmed, and a drum-shaped cylindrical working surface (2-10) is obtained in a cutting-in grinding mode.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210635954.4A CN114991901B (en) | 2022-06-07 | Grinding process of drum-shaped tappet |
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| CN202210635954.4A CN114991901B (en) | 2022-06-07 | Grinding process of drum-shaped tappet |
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| CN201358822Y (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-12-09 | 上虞市内燃机配件有限公司 | Drum-shaped valve tappet |
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