CN114990438B - High-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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Abstract
The invention provides high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.18 to 0.28 percent of C; 18.0 to 22.0 percent of Mn; si 0-0.50%; al 1.2-2.0%; p is 0-0.030%; s is 0-0.020%; n is 0-0.020%; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the austenitic steel, which comprises S1 smelting, S2 refining, S3 casting and S4 rolling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, in particular to high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
At present, most domestic household appliance compressor weights are made of copper materials, however, along with the increasing of market demands of household appliances, the consumption of copper is also increased, and accordingly, the price of copper is increased continuously, and the cost pressure of household appliance compressor manufacturers is increased, so that other low-magnetic metal materials, such as aluminum, stainless steel, low-magnetic steel and the like, are valued by the household appliance compressor manufacturers. However, the magnetic permeability of conventional austenitic stainless steels is easily enhanced after processing, such as class 304 and class 316. In addition, the austenitic stainless steel of 304 class and 316 class contains 8-14% of nickel, the nickel content not only affects the magnetic performance but also directly affects the cost of the product, and the international nickel price generally tends to rise; aluminum has a lower density, but in the same case, aluminum has a large volume, and thus cannot function as a counterweight in a smaller volume. Therefore, low magnetic steel is considered as the preferred material for replacing copper.
At present, the domestic existing high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel has the defects that feedback materials are hard in the use process, the hardness of individual materials reaches 270HB, products are difficult to process, and the quality of the products is affected. The ingredients of the conventional product are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 (wt%)
The production process of the products shown in Table 1 comprises the steps of electric furnace casting of 2.3 tons of ingots, blooming and cogging, rolling into products, and qualified inspection and warehousing;
the conventional austenitic steel product contains V element, wherein the V element is a strong carbide forming element, and after the V element is added, the strength and the hardness of the steel are improved. The conventional products are different from the steel of the invention in C, mn and Al, the conventional products have lower carbon content, mn element is a stable austenite element, mn element is properly controlled, the steel can be ensured to obtain low magnetic performance after being processed, al element is added into the steel as a strong deoxidizer, highly finely divided and super-microscopic oxide can be generated and dispersed in the volume of the steel, grains are prevented from growing when the steel is heated, the strength of the steel is improved, but Al is added more, the oxides in the steel are more, and the aggregation is easy to cause uneven distribution, and the aggregated massive inclusions have influence on the quality of the steel whether in the steel or on the surface of the steel ingot. The surface of steel is populated with a large number of inclusions and can cause surface cracking. The existing conventional products have no requirement on mechanical property indexes, the produced products have uneven hardness and higher hardness, the processing performance of users is affected, and the preparation process is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, so as to solve the problem that uneven hardness and high hardness of conventional austenitic steel affect the processing performance of users, and provide austenitic steel with lower magnetism.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.18 to 0.28 percent of C; 18.0 to 22.0 percent of Mn; si 0-0.50%; al 1.2-2.0%; p is 0-0.030%; s is 0-0.020%; n is 0-0.020%; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The preferable scheme comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.19-0.26% of C; mn 19.0-21.0%; si 0.2-0.45%; al 1.3-1.8%; p is 0-0.028%; s is 0-0.015%; n is 0-0.019%; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The preferable scheme comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.23% of C; mn 20.5%; 0.35% of Si; al 1.65%; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
In the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, C is controlled between 0.18 and 0.28 percent in order to ensure that the steel of the invention obtains austenite. At lower carbon content, austenite is unstable, which reduces magnetic properties and strength. The content of carbon element in the steel is higher than that of the conventional product in the table 1 in the background art of the specification, and the upper limit is also higher than that of the conventional product in the table 1. The control range of Al element is adjusted down compared with the control range of the conventional product in the table 1 in the background art of the specification, and after the actions of the elements of C, mn and Al are comprehensively considered, the C of the steel is controlled within the range of 0.18-0.28%.
Mn in the formula is a main alloy element in the steel, mn is an element for expanding an austenite phase region and stabilizing an austenite structure, both Mn and C can increase the stability of austenite, and after the content of Mn element reaches a certain degree, the steel can be ensured not to generate deformation martensite in the deformation process, so that the steel is ensured to obtain low magnetic conductivity; the Mn element can also prevent carbide from precipitating, and in addition, the Mn element has the functions of desulfurizing and deoxidizing in the steel. The Mn element in the steel is set lower than that of the conventional product in the table 1 in the background art of the specification, so that stable austenite is ensured, and the problems of the occurrence of cracks and difficult processing can be avoided at the same time, so that the Mn element in the steel is controlled between 18.0 and 22.0 percent.
The Al element is ferrite forming element, is a strong deoxidizer and has the function of refining grains. According to the invention, al element is added into steel, so that highly finely-divided and ultra-microscopic oxide can be generated and dispersed in the volume of the steel, and the growth of grains of the steel during heating is prevented; however, if the amount of Al added is too large and the manner and timing of addition are not right, the aggregation of oxides and nitrides of Al may be caused, and the quality of steel is affected, as in the conventional products (as described in the background art). According to the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, the control range of the Al element in the austenitic steel is lower than that of the conventional product Al, the effect of improving the strength of both the C element and the Al element is comprehensively considered, and after the content of carbon is improved, the Al can be properly reduced, so that the Al content of the steel is controlled to be 1.2-2.0%.
Si element plays a certain deoxidizing role in steel, the steel grade of the invention has high Mn content and deoxidizing capability of Mn, so that the Si content in the steel of the invention has little influence on deoxidizing effect and can be lower, and the content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.50%;
the effect of N element in steel is similar to that of carbon element, and the steel has the effects of expanding austenite and improving strength, but because the steel contains Al element, the lower the N is, the better the lower the AlN is, so the steel controls N to be less than or equal to 0.020%.
S, P is an impurity element, and the lower the content is, the better, but considering the material cost, S and P are respectively controlled to be less than or equal to 0.030% of P, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, and the balance is Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The invention aims to provide the manufacturing method of the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, so as to solve the problem that the existing manufacturing method of the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel is complex.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a manufacturing method of the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, which comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting: weighing metal manganese, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks as raw materials of high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, electrifying and heating an intermediate frequency induction furnace to smelt, adding slag-forming materials and metal manganese or electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks in batches to pre-deoxidize, removing slag after melting, and pouring slag-forming materials again to form new slag to obtain molten steel;
s2: refining: refining the molten steel smelted in the step S1, simultaneously making white slag, adding calcium silicate powder and aluminum powder in batches for diffusion deoxidation at 1570-1590 ℃, adding electrolytic manganese, and tapping at 1470-1485 ℃;
s3: casting: casting the molten steel tapped in the step S2, cooling for 6 hours in a mold, demolding and air-cooling to obtain a steel ingot;
s4: rolling: and (3) rolling the steel ingot obtained in the step (S3), wherein the soaking temperature of the rolling is 1130-1150 ℃, and the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel is obtained by air cooling after rolling.
Preferably, in the step S1, the number of times of adding the slag-forming material in batches is 2-3, and the interval time of adding the slag-forming material each time is 8-12 minutes.
Preferably, in the step S1, the slag skimming operation is performed 20 minutes after the melting.
Preferably, in the step S2, the total mass of the silicon calcium powder and the aluminum powder is 0.2% of the total mass of the molten steel, the number of batch additions is 4-5, each batch interval is 10-15 minutes, and in the step S2, each batch of the silicon calcium powder and the aluminum powder needs to be completely immersed into the molten steel when being added into the molten steel.
Preferably, in the step S2, the time of the white slag generation is greater than 40 minutes.
Preferably, the step S2 further includes a step of fine-tuning components between the addition of electrolytic manganese and tapping, and specifically includes: detecting the components in the molten steel, if the manganese content is insufficient, adding electrolytic manganese, and if the aluminum content is insufficient, adding aluminum wires.
As a preferable mode, in the step S4, the rolling conditions are as follows: the heating time is more than or equal to 210 minutes, the temperature of the furnace tail is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the heating comprises a heating section I and a heating section II, the temperature of the heating section I is less than or equal to 1000 ℃, the temperature of the heating section II is 1130-1160 ℃, and the finishing temperature is 870-920 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
the conventional austenitic steel product contains V element, and after the V element is added, the strength and the hardness of the steel are improved, but the follow-up processing efficiency and the processing cost are affected due to the fact that the hardness is higher, and the V element is noble metal.
The content ranges of carbon, manganese and aluminum in the steel are greatly different from those of conventional products, the carbon content of the steel is higher than that of the conventional products, and the carbon is the most effective and cheap element for obtaining an austenite structure and improving the strength; mn element is an element for expanding and stabilizing austenitic steel, the content of Mn element is reasonably controlled, and low magnetism can be ensured to be obtained after processing. Under the condition that the content of carbon in the austenitic steel is high, the manganese content is controlled to be lower than that of a conventional product; al element plays a role in deoxidizing and refining grains in steel, but the more Al is added into the steel, the more oxide is formed, and the more oxide is easily aggregated to form large-particle inclusions, so that the quality of the inner surface and the outer surface of the steel ingot is finally affected. Comprehensively considering, the steel reduces the control range of Al element.
The steel reduces N element, and aims to reduce the quantity of aluminum nitride, wherein the aluminum nitride is a hard and brittle point and has adverse effect on the processing performance of the steel.
The steel controls the mechanical properties of the steel by matching the raw materials and the method, prevents the excessive high strength and hardness from influencing the processing and practical use performance of the material, reasonably controls the heating temperature and the finishing temperature of the steel ingot, ensures the stable performance and the stable size of the rolled product, ensures the stable quality of parts produced by users, and solves the problem of difficult processing of the conventional high-manganese austenitic steel.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
TABLE 2 high manganese high aluminum low magnetic austenitic steel stock (wt%)
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting; s2: refining; s3: casting; s4: and (5) rolling.
The step S1 includes the steps of:
s1: smelting: weighing metal manganese, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks as raw materials of high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, electrifying and heating an intermediate frequency induction furnace to smelt, adding slag-forming materials and metal manganese or electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks in batches to pre-deoxidize, removing slag after melting, and pouring slag-forming materials again to form new slag to obtain molten steel;
in the step S1, the times of adding the slag-forming material in batches are 2-3 times, and the interval time of adding the slag-forming material each time is 8-12 minutes.
The step S2 includes the steps of:
refining: refining the molten steel smelted in the step S1, simultaneously making white slag, wherein the refining temperature is 1570-1590 ℃, adding silicon-calcium powder and aluminum powder with the mass being 0.2% of the total mass of the molten steel into 4-5 batches for diffusion deoxidation, and keeping the interval between each batch for 10-15 minutes to ensure that the silicon-calcium powder and the aluminum powder are completely immersed into the molten steel, then adding electrolytic manganese, and tapping under the condition that the tapping temperature is 1470-1485 ℃;
in the refining process, the white slag time is more than or equal to 40 minutes, and the gas in the molten steel can be reduced by controlling the white slag time;
taking a stokehole sample for full analysis, wherein the stokehole sample comprises gas (N, H and O), and finely adjusting components according to analysis results, wherein the finely-adjusted Mn components are added with low carbon or electrolytic Mn; the fine adjustment of Al components adopts a method of feeding Al wires;
the step S3 includes the steps of:
s3: casting: casting the molten steel tapped in the step S2, cooling for 6 hours in a mold, demolding and air-cooling to obtain a steel ingot;
the casting comprises the following points: rapidly casting the ingot body, filling the ingot body when the cap opening is thin and long, demoulding and air cooling after the ingot is cooled for 6 hours;
s4: rolling: and (3) rolling the steel ingot obtained in the step (S3), wherein the soaking temperature of the rolling is 1130-1150 ℃, and the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel is obtained by air cooling after rolling.
The rolling comprises the following key points: the austenitic steel of the present invention, in addition to requiring low magnetic properties, also ensures acceptable strength and hardness. The strength cannot be controlled to be too high, because the strength is high, the hardness is high, and the difficulty of processing parts by users is increased, the key point in the process of formulating a rolling process is to control the heating temperature and the finishing temperature, the heating temperature is high, the surface oxidation of high manganese steel is serious, the quality of the surface of a rolled material is influenced, and the dimensional accuracy of a product is finally influenced. In particular, for steel as a balance weight, the bar is required to be uniform in size, and the quality of each balance weight is ensured to be basically consistent. In addition, the heating temperature is high, grains of the rolled product are easy to be coarse, particularly high manganese steel is sensitive to temperature, and the phenomenon of coarse grains and rolling cracking are easy to occur; however, if the heating temperature is low, the deformation resistance of the high manganese steel is high, the stress after rolling is large, the product size is unstable (the shrinkage is controlled inaccurately), and if the final rolling temperature is lower than the recrystallization temperature, abnormal grain growth is easy to occur. To prevent the occurrence of the above phenomenon, the control is performed as follows, see table 3:
table 3: rolling heat treatment process parameters
The above-described aspects of the invention are explained and illustrated below in conjunction with specific data:
example 1:
the invention provides high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: c0.195%; 21.3% of Mn; si 0.40%; al 1.75%; p is 0.019 percent; s is 0.004%; n is 0.0155%; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
The manufacturing method of the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting: weighing metal manganese, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks as raw materials of high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, electrifying and heating an intermediate frequency induction furnace to smelt, adding slag-forming materials and metal manganese or electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks in batches to pre-deoxidize, removing slag after melting, and pouring slag-forming materials again to form new slag to obtain molten steel;
in the step S1, the number of times of adding the slag-forming material in batches is 3, and the interval time of adding the slag-forming material each time is 10 minutes.
The step S2 includes the steps of:
refining: refining the molten steel smelted in the step S1, simultaneously making white slag, wherein the refining temperature is 1580 ℃, adding silicon-calcium powder and aluminum powder with the mass being 0.2% of the total mass of the molten steel into 4-5 batches for diffusion deoxidation, and keeping the interval between each batch for 12 minutes to ensure that the silicon-calcium powder and the aluminum powder are completely immersed into the molten steel, then adding electrolytic manganese, and tapping under the condition that the tapping temperature is 1480 ℃;
in the refining process, the white slag time is more than or equal to 40 minutes, and the gas in the molten steel can be reduced by controlling the white slag time;
taking a stokehole sample for full analysis, wherein the stokehole sample comprises gas (N, H and O), and finely adjusting components according to analysis results, wherein the finely-adjusted Mn components are added with low carbon or electrolytic Mn; the fine adjustment of Al components adopts a method of feeding Al wires;
the step S3 includes the steps of:
s3: casting: casting the molten steel tapped in the step S2, air cooling after demoulding,
s4: and rolling, namely rolling, wherein the soaking temperature of the rolling is 1140 ℃, and air cooling is performed after rolling to obtain the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel.
The casting comprises the following points: rapidly casting the ingot body, filling the ingot body when the cap opening is thin and long, demoulding and air cooling after the ingot is cooled for 6 hours;
example 2: example 2 is similar to example 1, except that the raw materials are different in proportion, and the heating process for rolling in step S4 is different, as shown in tables 4 to 5;
example 3: example 2 is similar to example 1, except that the raw materials are different in proportion, and the heating process for rolling in step S4 is different, as shown in tables 4 to 5;
example 4: example 2 is similar to example 1, except that the raw materials are different in proportion, and the heating process for rolling in step S4 is different, as shown in tables 4 to 5;
example 5: example 2 is similar to example 1, except that the raw materials are different in proportion, and the heating process in the rolling in step S4 is different, as shown in tables 4 to 5;
TABLE 4 mass percent of chemical compositions of examples 1-5
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | |
| C/％ | 0.195 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.25 |
| Si/％ | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.28 |
| Mn/％ | 21.3 | 21.0 | 20.8 | 20.5 | 19.5 |
| S/％ | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| P/％ | 0.019 | 0.017 | 0.021 | 0.018 | 0.022 |
| Al/％ | 1.75 | 1.65 | 1.60 | 1.45 | 1.70 |
| N/％ | 0.0155 | 0.0162 | 0.0165 | 0.017 | 0.015 |
TABLE 5 Steel ingot Rolling Process parameters of examples 1-5
TABLE 6 results of Performance test of examples 1-5
(when the magnetic field strength is 16X 10) 3 At/4 pi A/m (200 Oersted), the relative permeability μ is less than or equal to 1.05 Gauss/Oersted)
After the test, the mechanical property index of the invention meets the design requirement, the strength and hardness test result is relatively uniform, the hardness is below 240, the existing conventional products have uneven hardness, and the hardness is about 270; the magnetic permeability of the steel meets the design requirement, is on the same level as that of the conventional existing products in the background technology, solves the problem that the conventional products are difficult to process due to uneven hardness, provides the austenitic steel with low magnetism and uniform hardness, and can obtain products with stable quality and qualified performance by adopting the components and manufacturing method of the steel design.
Although the present disclosure is described above, the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The manufacturing method of the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: smelting: weighing metal manganese, electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks as raw materials of high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel, electrifying and heating an intermediate frequency induction furnace to smelt, adding slag-forming materials and metal manganese or electrolytic manganese, ferrosilicon and aluminum blocks in batches to pre-deoxidize, removing slag after melting, and pouring slag-forming materials again to form new slag to obtain molten steel;
s2: refining: refining the molten steel smelted in the step S1, simultaneously making white slag, adding calcium silicate powder and aluminum powder in batches for diffusion deoxidation at 1570-1590 ℃, adding electrolytic manganese, and tapping at 1470-1485 ℃;
s3: casting: casting the molten steel tapped in the step S2, cooling for 6 hours in a mold, demolding and air-cooling to obtain a steel ingot;
s4: rolling: rolling the steel ingot obtained in the step S3, wherein the soaking temperature of the rolling is 1130-1150 ℃, and air cooling is performed after rolling to obtain high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel;
the high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.18 to 0.28 percent of C; 18.0 to 22.0 percent of Mn; si 0-0.50%; al 1.2-2.0%; p is 0-0.030%; s is 0-0.020%; n is 0-0.020%; the balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurities;
in the step S1, the times of adding the slag-forming material in batches are 2-3 times, and the interval time of adding the slag-forming material each time is 8-12 minutes;
in the step S1, the slag skimming operation is performed 20 minutes after the melting;
in the step S4, the rolling conditions are as follows: the heating time is more than or equal to 210 minutes, the temperature of the furnace tail is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the heating comprises a heating section I and a heating section II, the temperature of the heating section I is less than or equal to 1000 ℃, the temperature of the heating section II is 1130-1160 ℃, and the finishing temperature is 870-920 ℃.
2. The method for manufacturing high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following raw materials in mass ratio: 0.19-0.26% of C; mn 19.0-21.0%; si 0.2-0.45%; al 1.3-1.8%; p is 0-0.028%; s is 0-0.015%; n is 0-0.019%; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
3. The method for manufacturing high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following raw materials in mass ratio: 0.23% of C; mn 20.5%; 0.35% of Si; al 1.65%; the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the total mass of the fine powder of silicon and aluminum is 0.2% of the total mass of the molten steel, the number of batch additions is 4 to 5, the interval time between each batch is 10 to 15 minutes, and the fine powder of silicon and aluminum is completely immersed in the molten steel when being added to the molten steel.
5. The method for manufacturing high-manganese high-aluminum low-magnetic austenitic steel according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the time for white slag generation is more than 40 minutes.
6. The method for manufacturing a high manganese high aluminum low magnetic austenitic steel according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 further comprises a step of fine-tuning the composition between the addition of electrolytic manganese and tapping, specifically comprising: detecting the components in the molten steel, if the manganese content is insufficient, adding electrolytic manganese, and if the aluminum content is insufficient, adding aluminum wires.
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