CN114990421B - Special milling cutter for water-tough aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Special milling cutter for water-tough aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114990421B
CN114990421B CN202210739557.1A CN202210739557A CN114990421B CN 114990421 B CN114990421 B CN 114990421B CN 202210739557 A CN202210739557 A CN 202210739557A CN 114990421 B CN114990421 B CN 114990421B
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furnace
aluminum
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CN114990421A (en
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杨超
高志杰
蒋百铃
颜国君
刘保建
王鑫
刘琛
王珂
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Xian University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/045—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for horizontal casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-tough and aluminum-resistant special milling cutter for an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:2.6 to 2.8 percent, si:2.0 to 2.2 percent of Ni:9.0 to 9.5 percent, cr:1.5 to 2.5 percent, mo:0.5 to 1.5 percent, V:0.5 to 1.0 percent, 0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S and Mg:0 to 1.0 percent, al:0 to 1.0 percent, cu:0 to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is tough in water and resistant to aluminum. The invention solves the problems of rough processing surface and short service life caused by aluminum sticking in the using process of the special milling cutter for aluminum alloy in the prior art.

Description

Special milling cutter for water-tough aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of special milling cutters for aluminum alloy, relates to a special milling cutter for aluminum alloy, which is tough in water and resistant to aluminum, and further relates to a preparation method of the milling cutter.
Background
The aluminum alloy is one of the most widely used light metal materials at present, and has been widely used for preparing important devices in the fields of automobiles, subways, light rails, high-speed motor trains, aviation aircrafts and the like, and the processing amount of the aluminum alloy is increased. However, when the conventional high-speed steel tool is used for machining, the aluminum alloy is extremely easy to adhere to the surface of the cutter in the cutting process, serious accumulated cutting burrs are generated, aluminum scraps are prevented from being discharged, and the cutting quality and the cutting efficiency are affected. Therefore, the high-end expensive hard alloy cutter is applied to the field of aluminum alloy processing, but the hard alloy with extremely high hardness has the defects of high processing difficulty, high operation precision requirement, poor toughness of materials and high brittleness, and the cutting edge part is extremely easy to generate 'tipping' and damage in the process of preparation and transportation, so that the cost of the hard alloy cutter is increased. Therefore, selecting proper materials to prepare the special milling cutter tool for the aluminum alloy can effectively improve the surface milling quality and the processing efficiency, reduce the processing cost and realize the dual control of the quality and the cost.
The graphite has a crystal structure of a hexagonal system, so that the interlayer resultant force is weak, the lamellar separation of the graphite easily occurs when the graphite is stressed, and good lubrication characteristics and lower friction coefficient can be obtained. Compared with flake graphite, the cutting effect of the spherical graphite on the matrix is greatly reduced, and the spherical graphite has better mechanical properties. Meanwhile, graphite and aluminum cannot infiltrate each other, dissolve, adsorb and chemically and physically diffuse different elements, which is why cast iron or graphite crucible is commonly used for melting aluminum. Graphite also has good thermal conductivity and sound absorption and shock absorption effects. However, graphite itself has low hardness and strength and large brittleness, and therefore, cannot be directly used in the aluminum milling process. However, the existing isothermal water quenched spheroidal graphite cast iron and other materials are internally wrapped with spheroidal graphite, so that the mechanical properties of the materials are ensured, and meanwhile, the self-lubricating properties such as low friction coefficient and the like are also realized, but the strengthening mechanism of the materials is martensitic transformation strengthening and is influenced by reasons such as poor martensitic high-temperature stability, and the milling cutter prepared from the materials can be softened at a high temperature in the milling process, so that the strength and the hardness are greatly reduced, the abrasion of the milling cutter is increased, and the service life is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a water-tough aluminum-resistant special milling cutter material for aluminum alloy, which solves the problems of rough processing surface and short service life caused by aluminum adhesion in the using process of the special milling cutter for aluminum alloy in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a special milling cutter for water-tough and aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:2.6 to 2.8 percent, si:2.0 to 2.2 percent of Ni:9.0 to 9.5 percent, cr:1.5 to 2.5 percent, mo:0.5 to 1.5 percent, V:0.5 to 1.0 percent, 0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S and Mg:0% -1.0%, al:0% -1.0%, cu:0 to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is tough in water and resistant to aluminum, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the raw materials according to the following mass percentages: 78.75-81.25% of bread iron, 12-13% of nickel plate, 3.5-4.5% of ferrochrome, 1.75-2.5% of ferromolybdenum and 1.25-1.75% of ferrovanadium;
step 2, the raw materials obtained in the step 1, inoculant and nodulizer are melted together at high temperature and then are injected into an intermediate frequency furnace, and horizontal drawing solidification is carried out through a water-cooling crystallizer, so that a profile is obtained;
step 3, carrying out water quenching treatment on the section bar obtained in the step 2;
step 4, tempering the section bar after water quenching in the step 3 for the first time;
and 5, carrying out secondary tempering treatment on the section bar obtained in the step 4, and finally obtaining the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is water-tough and aluminum-resistant.
The step 2 is specifically as follows: the raw materials obtained in the step 1, inoculant and nodulizer are melted together in an induction furnace at a high temperature of 1460 ℃ to 1500 ℃ to obtain mixed liquid, and the mixed liquid is injected into an intermediate frequency furnace to obtain the product with the size of
Figure BDA0003717246710000031
Or a water-cooled crystallizer with the thickness of 40mm, horizontally drawing at the speed of 0.8 meter per minute, and solidifying to obtain the profile.
The water quenching process in the step 3 is as follows: and (3) placing the continuous casting section bar into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-6 hours, and rapidly cooling in water.
The primary tempering process in the step 4 is as follows: and (3) placing the water quenched profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 580-620 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, tempering, preserving heat for 1-6 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature.
The secondary tempering process in the step 5 is as follows: and (3) placing the section bar subjected to primary tempering into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 580-620 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, tempering, preserving heat for 2 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature. After secondary tempering, the matrix structure is sorbite and alloy carbide, and the hardness is not lower than HRC48.
The special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is tough in water and resistant to aluminum and is obtained in the step 5, comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:2.6 to 2.8 percent, si:2.0 to 2.2 percent of Ni:9.0 to 9.5 percent, cr:1.5 to 2.5 percent, mo:0.5 to 1.5 percent, V:0.5 to 1.0 percent, 0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S and Mg:0 to 1.0 percent, al:0 to 1.0 percent, cu:0 to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, through a horizontal continuous casting technology and subsequent vacuum heat treatment, an austenite main structure with the hardness not more than 25HRC is obtained after water quenching, the machinability of the material is ensured, and after tempering at the temperature of more than 500 ℃, a large amount of dispersed strong carbide forming elements in the austenite structure are gradually separated out, so that the high hardness and red hardness of the milling cutter tool are met. Compared with high-speed steel and hard alloy, the alloy has extremely low production cost, excellent water toughness and processability and high-temperature red hardness. Moreover, a large number of tiny and evenly distributed spherical graphite is inlaid in the tissue, graphite is dispersed on the surface of the cutter in the cutting process, a graphite isolation layer is formed between the cutter and an aluminum piece, anti-sticking aluminum characteristics and low friction characteristics are realized, the influence of aluminum sticking on the surface of the cutter on cutting quality and processing efficiency is avoided, the service life of the milling cutter is greatly prolonged, and research and development and preparation of the aluminum product milling cutter tool materials are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the distribution microstructure of spheroidal graphite of a profile prepared in example 1 in a method for preparing a water-tough and aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the microhardness distribution of the water quenched example 1 in the preparation method of the water-tough and aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter material;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the microhardness distribution after one tempering in example 1 of a method for preparing a water-tough, aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter material according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image after one tempering in example 1 of a method for preparing a water-tough and aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter material according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of energy spectrum (EDS) after one tempering in example 1 of a method for preparing a water-tough and aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter material according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a photograph of a cutting tool made in example 1 after cutting an aluminum material in a method for manufacturing a water-tough and aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy special milling cutter material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention relates to a water-tough and aluminum-resistant special milling cutter for an aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c:2.6 to 2.8 percent, si:2.0 to 2.2 percent of Ni:9.0 to 9.5 percent, cr:1.5 to 2.5 percent, mo:0.5 to 1.5 percent, V:0.5 to 1.0 percent, 0 to 0.015 percent of P, 0 to 0.015 percent of S and Mg:0% -1.0%, al:0% -1.0%, cu:0 to 1.0 percent and the balance of Fe.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a water-tough and aluminum-resistant special milling cutter for aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 78.75 to 81.25 percent of bread iron, 12 to 13 percent of nickel plate, 3.5 to 4.5 percent of ferrochrome, 1.75 to 2.5 percent of ferromolybdenum and 1.25 to 1.75 percent of ferrovanadium;
step 2, weighing 400kg of raw materials in the step 1, carrying out high-temperature melting in an induction furnace at 1460-1500 ℃ together with 40-42 kg of inoculant and nodulizer to obtain mixed liquid, and injecting the high-temperature mixed liquid into an intermediate frequency furnace to obtain the finished product with the size of
Figure BDA0003717246710000051
Or a water-cooled crystallizer with a thickness of 40mm, at a speed of 0.8 meters per minute. The diameter of the solidified section bar is 40mm or the thickness of the solidified section bar is 40mm, and the density number of graphite balls at the center of the section bar is not less than 500/mm 2 The spheroidization rate is more than or equal to 90 percent. The obtained section bar cast structure is as follows: austenite, martensite, carbide and spherical graphite, wherein the austenite matrix is dendrite-shaped, the martensite is distributed on the austenite matrix, and the carbide is spherical and long-strip-shaped.
Step 3, carrying out water quenching treatment on the section bar obtained in the step 2 to obtain an undissolved carbide structure with extremely small supercooled austenite;
and 4, carrying out primary tempering treatment on the section bar after the water quenching in the step 3, and converting a matrix structure into martensite+austenite+diffusion and precipitation of carbide after primary tempering.
And 5, carrying out secondary tempering treatment on the section bar after primary tempering to finally obtain the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is water-tough and aluminum-resistant.
Wherein the temperature of the ladle molten iron in the step 2 is 1460-1500 ℃, and the ladle is kept for 10min.
The water quenching process in the step 3 is as follows: and (3) placing the continuous casting section bar into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-6 hours, and rapidly cooling in water. The matrix structure is equiaxed austenite, and the hardness is less than or equal to 25HRC.
The primary tempering process in the step 4 is as follows: and (3) placing the water quenched profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 580-620 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, tempering, preserving heat for 1-6 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature. After one tempering, the matrix structure is martensite+austenite+alloy carbide, and the hardness is not lower than HRC55.
The secondary tempering process in the step 5 is as follows: and (3) placing the section bar subjected to primary tempering into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 580-620 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, tempering, preserving heat for 2 hours, taking out, cooling to room temperature, and finally obtaining the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is tough in water and resistant to aluminum. After secondary tempering, the matrix structure is sorbite and alloy carbide, and the hardness is not lower than HRC48.
The special milling cutter for aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has the advantages that a large amount of tiny and uniformly distributed spherical graphite is inlaid in a material tissue, the graphite is dispersed on the surface of the cutter in the cutting process, and a graphite isolation layer is formed between the cutter and an aluminum piece, so that the anti-sticking aluminum characteristic and the low friction characteristic are realized, the influence of aluminum sticking on the surface of the cutter on the cutting quality and the processing efficiency is avoided, the service life of the milling cutter and the surface quality of the cut aluminum alloy are greatly prolonged, the cutting precision is ensured, and the surface area of the cutter is reduced. The graphite also has the characteristics of good heat conductivity, sound absorption and shock absorption, and can reduce noise pollution in the cutting process. Compared with high-speed steel and hard alloy, the alloy has extremely low production cost, excellent water toughness and processability and high-temperature red hardness. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy special milling cutter contains Cr/Mo/V and other strong carbide forming elements, and through proper vacuum heat treatment process design, the elements form high-hardness carbide to be dispersed and separated out, so that the cutter is prevented from softening due to friction heat generation in the cutting process, the hardness is reduced, and the red hardness and the wear resistance required by the aluminum alloy special milling cutter in the working process are ensured. Therefore, the development of the special milling cutter material for the aluminum alloy can have a profound effect on the production of the aluminum alloy and the cutting processing of the aluminum alloy.
Example 1
Step 1, raw materials are: 315kg of bread iron, 48kg of nickel plates, 14kg of ferrochrome, 7kg of ferromolybdenum and 5kg of ferrovanadium are weighed and mixed according to the component composition requirements.
Step 2, melting the raw materials weighed in the step 1 and 40kg of inoculant/nodulizer together in an induction furnace at 1460-1500 ℃ to obtain mixed liquid, and injecting the mixed liquid into an intermediate frequency furnace to obtain the mixed liquid with the size of
Figure BDA0003717246710000071
The horizontal drawing was performed at a rate of 0.8 m/min. After solidification, a section with the diameter of 40mm is obtained, and the density of graphite spheres at the center of the section is not less than 500/mm 2 The spheroidization rate is more than or equal to 90 percent. FIG. 1 is a microstructure of the profile prepared in example 1 after step 2, in which the spherical graphite is uniformly and finely distributed and the density of graphite spheres is greater than 500/mm 2 。
And 3, placing the profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at a furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, and cooling in water after keeping the temperature for 3 hours. Rockwell hardness was 25HRC. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the microstructure and Vickers hardness distribution obtained in step 3 of example 1, wherein the microstructure is supercooled austenite+spheroidal graphite+very few unmelted carbides, and the Vickers hardness of the microstructure is 233.2 to 252.4HV 0.025 。
And 4, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 3 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at a furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, and taking out and cooling to room temperature. Rockwell hardness was 53HRC. FIGS. 3 and 4 show the microstructure and Vickers hardness distribution obtained after step 4 in example 1, the microstructure being martensite+supercooled austenite+precipitated carbide, the Vickers hardness of the microstructure being 589.6 to 652.8HV, as shown 0.025 . FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an analysis of energy spectrum of precipitated carbide, which mainly contains Fe, cr, mo, V and other elements, showing that the carbide is Fe-Cr-Mo-V carbide.
Step 5, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 4 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, and introducing argon gasAnd (3) under the protection atmosphere, charging the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 2 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature. Rockwell hardness was 52HRC. FIG. 6 is a diagram of the process of example 1 after step 5
Figure BDA0003717246710000081
Is a milling cutter sample of (a).
Example 2
Step 1, raw materials are: 325kg of bread iron, 52kg of nickel plate, 18kg of ferrochrome, 10kg of ferromolybdenum and 7kg of ferrovanadium are weighed and mixed according to the composition requirements.
Step 2, melting the raw materials weighed in the step 1 together with 42kg of inoculant and nodulizer in an induction furnace at 1460-1500 ℃ to obtain mixed liquid, and injecting the mixed liquid into an intermediate frequency furnace to obtain the mixed liquid with the size of
Figure BDA0003717246710000091
The horizontal drawing was performed at a rate of 0.8 m/min. After solidification, a section with the diameter of 40mm is obtained, and the density of graphite spheres at the center of the section is not less than 500/mm 2 The spheroidization rate is more than or equal to 90 percent.
And 3, placing the profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at a furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, and cooling in water rapidly after keeping the temperature for 6 hours, wherein the hardness is 22HRC.
And 4, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 3 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at a furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature. The hardness was 54HRC.
And 5, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 4 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature, wherein the hardness is 49HRC.
Example 3
Step 1, raw materials are: 320kg of bread iron, 50kg of nickel plate, 16kg of ferrochrome, 8kg of ferromolybdenum and 6kg of ferrovanadium are weighed and mixed according to the component composition requirements.
And 2, melting the raw materials weighed in the step 1 together with 41kg of inoculant and nodulizer at a high temperature of 1460-1500 ℃ in an induction furnace to obtain mixed liquid, injecting the mixed liquid at the high temperature into an intermediate frequency furnace, and horizontally drawing the mixed liquid at a speed of 0.8 m/min through a water-cooled crystallizer with the size and the thickness of 40 mm. The section with the thickness of 40mm is obtained after solidification, and the density of graphite balls at the center of the section is not less than 500/mm 2 The spheroidization rate is more than or equal to 90 percent.
And 3, placing the profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at a furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, and cooling in water rapidly after keeping the temperature for 6 hours, wherein the hardness is 22HRC.
And 4, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 3 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature. The hardness was 55HRC.
And 5, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 4 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature, wherein the hardness is 48HRC.
Example 4
Step 1, raw materials are: 322kg of bread iron and scrap steel, 49kg of nickel plate, 15kg of ferrochrome, 8kg of ferromolybdenum and 6kg of ferrovanadium are weighed and mixed according to the component composition requirements.
And 2, melting the raw materials weighed in the step 1 together with 41kg of inoculant and nodulizer at a high temperature of 1460-1500 ℃ in an induction furnace to obtain mixed liquid, injecting the mixed liquid at the high temperature into an intermediate frequency furnace, and horizontally drawing the mixed liquid at a speed of 0.8 m/min through a water-cooled crystallizer with the size and the thickness of 40 mm. After solidification a profile with a thickness of 40mm is obtained,the density of graphite balls at the center of the profile is not less than 500/mm 2 The spheroidization rate is more than or equal to 90 percent.
And 3, placing the profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 1050 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at a furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, and cooling in water rapidly after keeping the temperature for 6 hours, wherein the hardness is 22HRC.
And 4, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 3 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature, wherein the hardness is 55HRC.
And 5, placing the section bar subjected to water quenching in the step 4 into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is not more than-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute at the furnace temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature, wherein the hardness is 48HRC.
A preparation method of a special milling cutter material for water-tough aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy, wherein spherical graphite can greatly reduce the cracking effect on a matrix, has the function of preventing aluminum from adhering, avoids the phenomenon of adhering a cutter in the cutting process to influence the cutting efficiency and the quality of a cutting surface, has good heat conductivity and sound absorption and shock absorption, and has low hardness after water quenching so as to greatly reduce the machining cost. Through vacuum heat treatment, cr/Mo/V and other high hardness alloy carbide are dispersed and separated out, and the alloy has red hardness and high wear resistance, and can prevent tempering softening hardness from being reduced due to friction heat generation.
Compared with high-speed steel and hard alloy for cutting aluminum alloy, the milling cutter manufactured by the cutter material is used for cutting aluminum alloy sections, the hardness after cutting is not obviously reduced due to the excellent self-lubricating property and red hardness, the cutting efficiency is improved by 70%, the cutting surface of the aluminum alloy is smooth and free of accumulated cutting burrs, the aluminum adhering quantity on the surface of the cutter is reduced by 60%, and the service life is prolonged by 1.5 times.

Claims (4)

1. A special milling cutter for water-tough and aluminum-resistant aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: c:2.6% -2.8%, si:2.0% -2.2%, ni:9.0% -9.5%, cr:1.5% -2.5%, mo:0.5% -1.5%, V:0.5% -1.0%, P: 0-0.015%, S: 0-0.015%, mg: 0-1.0%, al: 0-1.0%, cu: 0-1.0%, and the balance being Fe;
the preparation method of the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the raw materials according to the following mass percentages: 78.75-81.25% of bread iron, 12-13% of nickel plate, 3.5-4.5% of ferrochrome, 1.75-2.5% of ferromolybdenum and 1.25-1.75% of ferrovanadium;
step 2, the raw materials obtained in the step 1, inoculant and nodulizer are melted together at high temperature and then are injected into an intermediate frequency furnace, and horizontal drawing solidification is carried out through a cold crystallizer to obtain a section bar;
step 3, carrying out water quenching treatment on the section bar obtained in the step 2;
step 4, tempering the section bar after water quenching in the step 3 for the first time;
step 5, carrying out secondary tempering treatment on the section bar obtained in the step 4 to finally obtain the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is water-tough and aluminum-resistant;
the water quenching process in the step 3 is as follows: placing the continuous casting section bar into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 3-6 hours, and rapidly cooling in water;
the primary tempering process in the step 4 is as follows: and (3) placing the water quenched profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 580-620 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, tempering, preserving heat for 1-6 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature.
2. The method for preparing the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is tough and resistant to aluminum according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, mixing the raw materials according to the following mass percentages: 78.75-81.25% of bread iron, 12-13% of nickel plate, 3.5-4.5% of ferrochrome, 1.75-2.5% of ferromolybdenum and 1.25-1.75% of ferrovanadium;
step 2, the raw materials obtained in the step 1, inoculant and nodulizer are melted together at high temperature and then are injected into an intermediate frequency furnace, and horizontal drawing solidification is carried out through a cold crystallizer to obtain a section bar;
step 3, carrying out water quenching treatment on the section bar obtained in the step 2;
step 4, tempering the section bar after water quenching in the step 3 for the first time;
step 5, carrying out secondary tempering treatment on the section bar obtained in the step 4 to finally obtain the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is water-tough and aluminum-resistant;
the water quenching process in the step 3 is as follows: placing the continuous casting section bar into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, keeping the temperature for 3-6 hours, and rapidly cooling in water;
the primary tempering process in the step 4 is as follows: and (3) placing the water quenched profile into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 580-620 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, tempering, preserving heat for 1-6 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature.
3. The method for preparing the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is tough and resistant to aluminum, according to claim 2, is characterized in that the step 2 is specifically as follows: and (3) carrying out high-temperature melting on the raw materials obtained in the step (1), inoculant and nodulizer in an induction furnace at 1460-1500 ℃ to obtain mixed liquid, injecting the mixed liquid into an intermediate frequency furnace, carrying out horizontal drawing at a speed of 0.8 m per minute by a water-cooling crystallizer with a dimension of phi 40mm or a thickness of 40mm, and solidifying to obtain the profile.
4. The method for preparing the special milling cutter for the aluminum alloy, which is tough and resistant to aluminum, according to claim 2, wherein the secondary tempering process in the step 5 is as follows: and (3) placing the section bar subjected to primary tempering into a vacuum furnace, wherein the vacuum degree is-0.1 MPa, introducing argon protective atmosphere, introducing the furnace at the temperature of less than or equal to 50 ℃, heating to 580-620 ℃ at the heating rate of less than or equal to 6 ℃ per minute, tempering, preserving heat for 2 hours, and taking out and cooling to room temperature.
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JP3219987B2 (en) * 1995-12-19 2001-10-15 住友金属工業株式会社 Graphite crystallized high-speed cast iron material with excellent skin resistance
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