CN114032447B - Self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114032447B
CN114032447B CN202111203970.8A CN202111203970A CN114032447B CN 114032447 B CN114032447 B CN 114032447B CN 202111203970 A CN202111203970 A CN 202111203970A CN 114032447 B CN114032447 B CN 114032447B
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aluminum alloy
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molten iron
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CN114032447A (en
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蒋百铃
颜国君
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Xian University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B21C25/025—Selection of materials therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/045—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for horizontal casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C22C33/10—Making cast-iron alloys including procedures for adding magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section and a preparation method thereof, wherein the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.2 to 3.6 percent of C, 3.0 to 3.6 percent of Si, 0.04 to 0.06 percent of Mg, 2.50 to 5.49 percent of Cr, 0.50 to 2.5 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Ca, 0.8 to 1.5 percent of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The preparation method of the section bar is also disclosed, and the section bar is obtained by alloying, inoculation, spheroidization and heat treatment, wherein the matrix is hot extrusion die steel and is provided with a large amount of medium-strength carbides which are dispersed and distributed so as to obtain high-temperature strength, high hardness and high wear resistance; at the same time, a large amount of spherical graphite with small and uniform size is distributed in the section bar, so that the section bar has low friction coefficient and low adhesion to aluminum alloy.

Description

Self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of aluminum alloy extrusion forming materials, and particularly relates to a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile and a preparation method of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile.
Background
The extrusion of aluminum alloy is generally carried out by heating the aluminum alloy to 510 ℃ and then extruding the aluminum alloy by using an aluminum alloy die to obtain an aluminum alloy section with a required shape. In order to ensure that the temperature of the alloy does not decrease in the aluminum alloy extrusion process, the aluminum alloy extrusion die is generally placed in a heating furnace with the temperature of 550 ℃ in advance for heating and heat preservation, so that the temperature of the aluminum alloy profile extrusion die is not lower than 510 ℃ after the aluminum alloy profile extrusion die is installed on an extruder, the temperature of the aluminum alloy entering the extrusion die is ensured not to decrease, and the good extrusion forming effect of the aluminum alloy is further ensured. And in the extrusion process of section bar, because of there is very big frictional force and the very big compressive stress that produces the mould among section bar and the mould among the extrusion process, consequently for guaranteeing the long-life service of aluminum alloy extrusion die, the performance requirement that proposes aluminum alloy extrusion die is: the hardness value is not lower than HRC45 (namely the hardness of the die at high temperature is high) at the extrusion working temperature of 510 ℃, so that the die has excellent wear resistance and stress deformation resistance at high temperature; and at the same time, the friction coefficient between the die and the aluminum alloy is required to be small. In addition, in the extrusion forming process of the aluminum alloy, the outer surface of the aluminum alloy and the inner cavity wall of the die can be in close contact or even occluded under the action of extrusion force, so that the mutual solubility of the die and the aluminum alloy is required to be small, and mutual scratch, adhesion, mutual diffusion and reaction at high temperature and the like between the aluminum alloy and the die are prevented.
The existing aluminum alloy extrusion die material is generally used for hot extrusion dies which continue to use steel, namely, the material is often selected from Cr series, W series and molybdenum series hot extrusion die steel, and particularly, the Cr hot extrusion die steel is more commonly applied. The die material realizes the dispersion strengthening of stable medium-strength carbide in steel due to the dispersion and uniform distribution of a large amount of Cr, Mo and V carbide, thereby having excellent red hardness and good wear resistance and deformation resistance at high temperature. However, in this kind of die material, since Fe and Al are liable to adhere, diffuse, react and the like at high temperature, after the die works for a period of time, a layer of Al adheres to the extrusion working surface of the die, thereby causing premature failure of the die. Therefore, the development of a new long-life and high-performance aluminum alloy extrusion die material has important significance for aluminum alloy extrusion production.
Graphite is a sheet structure, so it is an excellent self-lubricating material. Meanwhile, graphite is not wetted with Al, and the reaction speed with Al is slow even at high temperature, so that graphite is often used as a crucible material for aluminum alloy smelting. However, the strength of graphite itself is too low to be used for manufacturing aluminum alloy extrusion dies. Some graphite-containing materials, such as Cu-C composite materials, grey cast iron and the like prepared by a powder metallurgy method, have poor lubricating property due to coarse graphite and uneven distribution, or cannot meet the performance requirement of an aluminum alloy extrusion die due to insufficient high-temperature hardness and strength of a matrix, so that the graphite-containing materials cannot be used for manufacturing the aluminum alloy extrusion die.
Based on the analysis, if a material can be developed, the lubricating property of graphite is kept, the adhesion with aluminum alloy is low, and the material has the characteristics of high red hardness and high wear resistance of hot extrusion die steel, the aluminum alloy hot extrusion die manufactured by the material has the characteristics of high red hardness, high wear resistance, small friction coefficient during extrusion of aluminum alloy, low abrasion loss, low adhesion to aluminum alloy and the like, so that the aluminum alloy extrusion die manufactured by the material has the characteristics of excellent service performance and long service life, the production cost of aluminum alloy extrusion is greatly reduced, the production efficiency of aluminum alloy extrusion is improved, and the material has important significance for extrusion molding of aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile, which solves the problems of poor surface quality and large friction coefficient of the existing aluminum alloy extrusion die profile.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.2 to 3.6% of C, 3.0 to 3.6% of Si, 0.04 to 0.06% of Mg Residue is remained 2.50-5.49% of Cr, 0.50-2.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.5-0.8% of Ca, 0.8-1.5% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention adopts another technical scheme that a preparation method of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the components of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile: scrap steel, pig iron raw materials, inoculants, nodulizers, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon; putting scrap steel and pig iron raw materials into a medium-frequency induction furnace, heating and smelting the scrap steel and the pig iron raw materials into molten iron, and then adding ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon into the molten iron to melt the ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon into the molten iron;
step 2, pouring the molten iron smelted in the step 1 into a casting ladle, and then adding a nodulizer and an inoculant into the molten iron in the casting ladle in a wire feeding inoculation and spheroidizing mode respectively;
step 3, pouring the molten iron inoculated and spheroidized in the step 2 into a crystallizing furnace of a horizontal continuous casting device, and realizing the solidification of the molten iron and continuous casting of the mold section according to the horizontal continuous casting process specification of the iron section;
step 4, performing stress relief annealing on the die section obtained in the step 3, and cooling;
step 5, quenching the die section subjected to stress relief annealing;
and 6, tempering the quenched die section for 3 times to obtain the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in the step 1, the raw material of pig iron is bread iron or blast furnace molten iron; the smelting temperature is 1550-1570 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 min;
in the step 1, the inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-10% of Ba, 10-12% of Ca, 0.010-0.015% of Bi, 1-2% of Re, 60-70% of Si, 2.0-2.5% of Mn and the balance of Fe; the mass of the inoculant accounts for 0.6-1.0% of the total mass of the molten iron;
the nodulizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5-6.5% of Mg, 1.5-2.5% of Re, 4.0-5.0% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Ca, less than or equal to 1.3% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Al, less than or equal to 0.4% of Ti, and the balance of Fe; the mass of the nodulizer accounts for 1.0-1.2% of the total mass of the molten iron, and the residual Mg content in the section bar is ensured to be 0.04-0.06%, and the rare earth Re content is ensured to be 0.03-0.06%.
After the step 2, the molten iron comprises 3.2-3.6% of C, 3.0-3.6% of Si and 0.04-0.06% of Mg Residue(s) is (are) 2.50-5.49% of Cr, 0.50-2.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.5-0.8% of Ca, 0.8-1.5% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
In the step 3, the drawing speed during continuous casting is required to ensure that each packet of molten iron is completely drawn into a corresponding section within 8 min; the thickness or diameter of the obtained mould section is not more than 300mm after solidification, and the density of graphite nodules at the center of the mould section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite particles are eutectic graphite spheres and have no primary graphite spheres, and the volume percentage of the graphite spheres in the profile is 10%.
In the step 4, the stress relief annealing temperature is 450-500 ℃, the annealing time is 2-3 hours, and the cooling mode is air cooling.
In the step 5, the quenching heating temperature is 1000-.
In step 6, the tempering temperature is 550-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: alloying, applying proper inoculation and spheroidization treatment in the forming process of the section bar, performing proper heat treatment after forming and the like to obtain the hot extrusion die steel as a matrix, wherein a large amount of medium-strength carbides are dispersedly distributed so as to obtain high-temperature strength, high hardness and high wear resistance; meanwhile, a large amount of spherical graphite with small and uniform size is distributed in the section bar, so that the section bar has low friction coefficient and low adhesion to aluminum alloy, the section bar further meets the service performance requirement of an aluminum alloy extrusion die on the die section bar in work, the problems of short service life, serious aluminum adhesion on the inner surface of a die cavity of the die in work, low quality of the surface of extruded aluminum alloy and the like of the existing aluminum alloy extrusion die prepared by hot extrusion die steel are solved in principle, the service life of the aluminum alloy extrusion die is obviously prolonged, the surface quality of the aluminum alloy extrusion section bar is improved, the production cost of the aluminum alloy extrusion section bar is reduced, the production benefit of the aluminum alloy extrusion section bar is improved, and the progress of the production technology of the aluminum alloy extrusion section bar is obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The invention relates to a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3.2-3.6% C, 3.0-3.6% Si, 0.04-0.06% Mg Residue is remained 2.50-5.49% of Cr, 0.50-2.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.5-0.8% of Ca, 0.8-1.5% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The tissue characteristics are as follows: a metal matrix and a large amount of fine and uniformly distributed full eutectic spherical graphite. The metal matrix is tempered sorbite + spherical carbide.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the components of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile: scrap steel, pig iron raw materials, inoculants, nodulizers, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon; the scrap steel and pig iron raw materials are put into a medium frequency induction furnace to be heated and smelted into molten iron, and then ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon are added to be melted in the molten iron;
the raw material of the pig iron is bread iron or blast furnace molten iron;
the inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-10% of Ba, 10-12% of Ca, 0.010-0.015% of Bi, 1-2% of Re, 60-70% of Si, 2.0-2.5% of Mn and the balance of Fe; the mass of the inoculant accounts for 0.6-1.0% of the total mass of the molten iron;
the nodulizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5-6.5% of Mg, 1.5-2.5% of Re, 4.0-5.0% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Ca, less than or equal to 1.3% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Al, less than or equal to 0.4% of Ti, and the balance of Fe; the mass of the nodulizer accounts for 1.0-1.2% of the total mass of the molten iron, and the residual Mg content in the section bar is ensured to be 0.04-0.06%, and the rare earth Re content is ensured to be 0.03-0.06%;
the smelting temperature is 1550-1570 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 min;
step 2, pouring the molten iron smelted in the step 1 into a casting ladle, and then adding a nodulizer and an inoculant into the molten iron of the casting ladle respectively in a wire feeding inoculation and spheroidizing mode;
after the step 2, the molten iron comprises 3.2-3.6% of C, 3.0-3.6% of Si and 0.04-0.06% of Mg Residue is remained 2.50-5.49% of Cr, 0.50-2.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.5-0.8% of Ca, 0.8-1.5% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
step 3, pouring the molten iron inoculated and spheroidized in the step 2 into a crystallization furnace of a horizontal continuous casting device, and realizing the solidification of the molten iron and continuous casting of the mold section according to the horizontal continuous casting process specification of the iron section;
the drawing speed during continuous casting must ensure that each packet of molten iron is completely drawn into a corresponding section within 8 min;
the thickness or diameter of the obtained mould section is not more than 300mm after solidification, and the density of graphite nodules at the center of the mould section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite nodules are eutectic graphite nodules without primary graphite nodules, and the proportion of the graphite nodules in the section is about 10 percent (volume percentage);
step 4, performing stress relief annealing on the die section obtained in the step 3;
the stress relief annealing temperature is 450-500 ℃, the annealing time is 2-3 hours, and the cooling mode after annealing is air cooling.
Step 5, quenching the die section subjected to stress relief annealing;
the quenching heating temperature is 1000-;
step 6, tempering the quenched die section for 3 times to obtain a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section;
the tempering temperature is 550-580 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 h; tempering to obtain a die section with a hardness value not lower than HRC 50;
the invention provides a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section with high red hardness, high wear resistance, low friction coefficient and low adhesion to aluminum and a preparation method thereof, by alloying, applying proper inoculation and spheroidization in the forming process of the section, proper heat treatment after forming and the like, and controlling the metallographic structure composition and the distribution state in the section to obtain the die section with effective thickness or diameter not more than 300mm, wherein the density of graphite spheres at the center of the die section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite nodules are eutectic graphite nodules without primary graphite nodules, and the proportion of the graphite nodules in the section is about 10 percent (volume percentage); meanwhile, the metal matrix of the section bar has a metallographic structure with high red hardness and high wear resistance obtained by quenching and tempering the hot extrusion die steel, and simultaneously has low friction coefficient, low adhesion to aluminum alloy and excellent self-lubricating property of graphite, so that the aluminum alloy extrusion die prepared from the section bar has excellent use performancePerformance and long service life, improves the surface quality of the aluminum alloy section and reduces the production cost of the aluminum alloy extruded section.
The invention prepares the section bar for the aluminum alloy extrusion die, which takes the hot extrusion die steel as the matrix and produces the spherical graphite with small size and spatial distribution in the metal matrix by designing the components of the aluminum alloy die material and the molding and hot processing technology thereof. Because the matrix of the section is hot extrusion die steel, Cr, Mo and V in the section improve the martensite decomposition temperature, and simultaneously, because the corresponding carbides of the Cr, the Mo and the V are dispersed and precipitated during high-temperature tempering, the section has high red hardness and high wear resistance; also, spherical graphite with fine and uniform size has the characteristics of small friction coefficient, low adhesion to aluminum, excellent self-lubricating property and the like. The aluminum alloy extrusion die prepared by the aluminum alloy extrusion die has the advantages of long service life, low pressure required for extruding the aluminum alloy section, high surface quality of the extruded aluminum alloy section and the like, solves the problems of short service life, serious aluminum adhesion on the inner surface of a die cavity in work, low surface quality of the extruded aluminum alloy and the like of the existing aluminum alloy extrusion die prepared by hot extrusion die steel in principle, and has important technical progress significance for promoting the production of the aluminum alloy extrusion section.
Example 1
The invention relates to a preparation method of a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the components of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile: scrap steel, pig iron raw materials, inoculants, nodulizers, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon; the scrap steel and pig iron raw materials are put into a medium frequency induction furnace to be heated and smelted into molten iron, and then ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon are added to be melted in the molten iron;
the pig iron raw material is bread iron;
the inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8% of Ba, 10% of Ca, 0.010% of Bi, 1% of Re, 60% of Si, 2.0% of Mn and the balance of Fe; the mass of the inoculant accounts for 0.6 percent of the total mass of the molten iron;
the nodulizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5 percent of Mg, 2.5 percent of Re, 4.0 percent of Si, 1.5 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 1.3 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe; the mass of the nodulizer accounts for 1.0 percent of the total mass of the molten iron, and the residual Mg content in the section bar is ensured to be 0.04 percent, and the rare earth Re content is ensured to be 0.06 percent;
the smelting temperature is 1550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5 min;
step 2, pouring the molten iron smelted in the step 1 into a casting ladle, and then adding a nodulizer and an inoculant into the molten iron of the casting ladle respectively in a wire feeding inoculation and spheroidizing mode;
after the step 2, the molten iron comprises the components of 3.2% of C, 3.0% of Si and 0.04% of Mg Residue is remained 2.50% of Cr, 0.50% of Mo, 0.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.5% of Ca, 0.8% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
step 3, pouring the molten iron inoculated and spheroidized in the step 2 into a crystallizing furnace of a horizontal continuous casting device, and realizing the solidification of the molten iron and continuous casting of the mold section according to the horizontal continuous casting process specification of the iron section;
the drawing speed during continuous casting must ensure that each packet of molten iron is completely drawn into a corresponding section within 8 min;
the thickness or diameter of the obtained mould section is not more than 300mm after solidification, and the density of graphite nodules at the center of the mould section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite nodules are eutectic graphite nodules without primary graphite nodules, and the proportion of the graphite nodules in the section is about 10 percent (volume percentage);
step 4, performing stress relief annealing on the die section obtained in the step 3;
the stress relief annealing temperature is 450 ℃, the annealing time is 3 hours, and the cooling mode after annealing is air cooling.
Step 5, quenching the die section subjected to stress relief annealing;
the quenching heating temperature is 1000 ℃, the quenching heating time is 3 times (unit: min) of the effective thickness (unit: mm) of the section bar, and the quenching medium is oil;
step 6, tempering the quenched die section for 3 times to obtain a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section;
the tempering temperature is 550 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 h; the hardness value of the section bar obtained by the embodiment example is HRC54, and the friction coefficient of the section bar and Al alloy is 0.25.
Example 2
The invention relates to a preparation method of a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the components of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile: scrap steel, pig iron raw materials, inoculants, nodulizers, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon; the scrap steel and pig iron raw materials are put into a medium frequency induction furnace to be heated and smelted into molten iron, and then ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon are added to be melted in the molten iron;
the raw material of the pig iron is blast furnace molten iron;
the inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of Ba, 12% of Ca, 0.015% of Bi, 2% of Re, 70% of Si, 2.5% of Mn and the balance of Fe; the mass of the inoculant accounts for 1.0 percent of the total mass of the molten iron;
the nodulizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Mg, 2.5 percent of Re, 5.0 percent of Si, 2.5 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 1.3 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe; the mass of the nodulizer accounts for 1.2 percent of the total mass of the molten iron, and the residual Mg content in the section bar is ensured to be 0.06 percent, and the rare earth Re content is ensured to be 0.06 percent;
the smelting temperature is 1570 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 min;
step 2, pouring the molten iron smelted in the step 1 into a casting ladle, and then adding a nodulizer and an inoculant into the molten iron of the casting ladle respectively in a wire feeding inoculation and spheroidizing mode;
after the step 2, the molten iron comprises the components of 3.6 percent of C, 3.6 percent of Si and 0.06 percent of Mg Residue(s) is (are) 5.49 percent of Cr, 2.5 percent of Mo, 1.5 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, 0.8 percent of Ca, 1.5 percent of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
step 3, pouring the molten iron inoculated and spheroidized in the step 2 into a crystallization furnace of a horizontal continuous casting device, and realizing the solidification of the molten iron and continuous casting of the mold section according to the horizontal continuous casting process specification of the iron section;
the drawing speed during continuous casting must ensure that each packet of molten iron is completely drawn into a corresponding section within 8 min;
the thickness or diameter of the obtained mould section is not more than 300mm after solidification, and the density of graphite nodules at the center of the mould section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite nodules are eutectic graphite nodules without primary graphite nodules, and the proportion of the graphite nodules in the section is about 10 percent (volume percentage);
step 4, performing stress relief annealing on the die section obtained in the step 3;
the stress relief annealing temperature is 500 ℃, the annealing time is 3 hours, and the cooling mode after annealing is air cooling.
Step 5, quenching the die section subjected to stress relief annealing;
the quenching heating temperature is 1050 ℃, the quenching heating time is 3 times (unit: min) of the effective thickness (unit: mm) of the section bar, and the quenching medium is oil;
step 6, tempering the quenched die section for 3 times to obtain a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section;
the tempering temperature is 580 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 h; and (3) tempering to obtain the die section with the hardness value of HRC50 and the friction coefficient of the section and the aluminum alloy of 0.23.
Example 3
The invention relates to a preparation method of a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the components of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile: scrap steel, pig iron raw materials, inoculants, nodulizers, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon; the scrap steel and pig iron raw materials are put into a medium frequency induction furnace to be heated and smelted into molten iron, and then ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon are added to be melted in the molten iron;
the raw material of the pig iron is blast furnace molten iron;
the inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9% Ba, 11% Ca, 0.012% Bi, 1.5% Re, 65% Si, 2.3% Mn, and the balance Fe; the mass of the inoculant accounts for 0.8 percent of the total mass of the molten iron;
the nodulizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.0 percent of Mg, 2.0 percent of Re, 4.5 percent of Si, 2.0 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 1.3 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.4 percent of Ti, and the balance of Fe; the mass of the nodulizer accounts for 1.1 percent of the total mass of the molten iron, and the residual Mg content in the section bar is ensured to be 0.05 percent, and the rare earth Re content is ensured to be 0.05 percent;
the smelting temperature is 1560 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 min;
step 2, pouring the molten iron smelted in the step 1 into a casting ladle, and then adding a nodulizer and an inoculant into the molten iron in the casting ladle in a wire feeding inoculation and spheroidizing mode respectively;
after the step 2, the molten iron comprises 3.4% of C, 3.3% of Si and 0.056% of Mg Residue is remained 3% of Cr, 2.0% of Mo, 1% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.6% of Ca, 1.0% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
step 3, pouring the molten iron inoculated and spheroidized in the step 2 into a crystallizing furnace of a horizontal continuous casting device, and realizing the solidification of the molten iron and continuous casting of the mold section according to the horizontal continuous casting process specification of the iron section;
the drawing speed during continuous casting must ensure that each packet of molten iron is completely drawn into a corresponding section within 8 min;
the thickness or diameter of the obtained mould section is not more than 300mm after solidification, and the density of graphite nodules at the center of the mould section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite nodules are eutectic graphite nodules without primary graphite nodules, and the proportion of the graphite nodules in the section is about 10 percent (volume percentage);
step 4, performing stress relief annealing on the die section obtained in the step 3;
the stress relief annealing temperature is 480 ℃, the annealing time is 2.5 hours, and the cooling mode after annealing is air cooling.
Step 5, quenching the die section subjected to stress relief annealing;
the quenching heating temperature is 1030 ℃, the quenching heating time is 3 times (unit: min) of the effective thickness (unit: mm) of the section, and the quenching medium is oil;
step 6, tempering the quenched die section for 3 times to obtain a self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section;
the tempering temperature is 570 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 h; and tempering to obtain the die section with the hardness value of HRC52 and the friction coefficient of 0.21 with the aluminum alloy.
Through actual tests on an aluminum alloy extrusion production line, compared with a traditional H13 aluminum alloy extrusion die, the die manufactured by the die sectional material is used for extruding the aluminum alloy sectional material, the extrusion power required by the extruded sectional material is reduced by 20% due to the reduction of the friction coefficient and the self-lubricating property, the surface smoothness of the aluminum alloy sectional material is improved by one grade, the Al content on the surface of the die is reduced by 70%, and the service life of the die is prolonged by 1.3 times.

Claims (5)

1. The self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 3.2 to 3.6% of C, 3.0 to 3.6% of Si, 0.04 to 0.06% of Mg Residue is remained 2.50-5.49% of Cr, 0.50-2.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.5-0.8% of Ca, 0.8-1.5% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the organization is as follows: a metal matrix and a large amount of fine and uniformly distributed full eutectic spherical graphite; the metal matrix is tempered sorbite and spherical carbide; the spherical graphite must satisfy: the effective thickness or diameter of the die section is not more than 300mm, and the density of graphite nodules at the center of the die section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite sections are eutectic graphite nodules without primary graphite nodules, and the proportion of the graphite nodules in the section is 10%.
2. The preparation method of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weighing the components of the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile: scrap steel, pig iron raw materials, inoculants, nodulizers, ferrochromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon; putting scrap steel and pig iron raw materials into a medium-frequency induction furnace, heating and smelting the scrap steel and the pig iron raw materials into molten iron, and then adding ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon into the molten iron to melt the ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferrosilicon into the molten iron;
the inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 8-10% of Ba, 10-12% of Ca, 0.010-0.015% of Bi, 1-2% of Re, 60-70% of Si, 2.0-2.5% of Mn and the balance of Fe; the mass of the inoculant accounts for 0.6-1.0% of the total mass of the molten iron; the nodulizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.5-6.5% of Mg, 1.5-2.5% of Re, 4.0-5.0% of Si, 1.5-2.5% of Ca, less than or equal to 1.3% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Al, less than or equal to 0.4% of Ti, and the balance of Fe; the mass of the nodulizer accounts for 1.0-1.2% of the total mass of the molten iron, and the residual Mg content in the section bar is ensured to be 0.04-0.06%, and the rare earth Re content is ensured to be 0.03-0.06%;
step 2, pouring the molten iron smelted in the step 1 into a casting ladle, and then adding a nodulizer and an inoculant into the molten iron of the casting ladle respectively in a wire feeding inoculation and spheroidizing mode;
after the step 2, the molten iron comprises 3.2-3.6% of C, 3.0-3.6% of Si and 0.04-0.06% of Mg Residue is remained 2.50-5.49% of Cr, 0.50-2.5% of Mo, 0.5-1.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.50% of Mn, 0.5-0.8% of Ca, 0.8-1.5% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
step 3, pouring the molten iron inoculated and spheroidized in the step 2 into a crystallizing furnace of a horizontal continuous casting device, and realizing the solidification of the molten iron and continuous casting of the mold section according to the horizontal continuous casting process specification of the iron section;
step 4, performing stress relief annealing on the die section obtained in the step 3, and cooling; the stress relief annealing temperature is 450-500 ℃, the annealing time is 2-3 hours, and the cooling mode is air cooling;
step 5, quenching the die section subjected to stress relief annealing; the quenching heating temperature is 1000-;
and 6, tempering the quenched die section for 3 times to obtain the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section.
3. The method for preparing the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section bar as recited in claim 2, wherein in the step 1, the raw pig iron is bread iron or blast furnace molten iron; the smelting temperature is 1550-1570 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 min.
4. The self-lubricating aluminum alloy of claim 2The preparation method of the extrusion die section is characterized in that in the step 3, the drawing speed during continuous casting is required to ensure that each packet of molten iron is completely drawn into a corresponding section within 8 min; the thickness or diameter of the obtained mould section is not more than 300mm after solidification, and the density of graphite nodules at the center of the mould section is not less than 500/mm 2 The graphite particles are eutectic graphite spheres and have no primary graphite spheres, and the volume percentage of the graphite spheres in the profile is 10%.
5. The method for preparing the self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die section bar as recited in claim 2, wherein in the step 6, the tempering temperature is 550-580 ℃, and the tempering time is 1 h.
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