CN114990391A - Creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention provides a creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting and a preparation method thereof, and the chemical composition of the alloyThe weight percentages are as follows: mg: 3-15, Mn: 1-10, Sc: 0.2-1.5, Zr: 0.5-3, Er: 0.2-2, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities. The invention greatly improves the solid solubility of alloy elements in an aluminum matrix through a selective laser melting rapid solidification technology, promotes the formation of supersaturated solid solution and the precipitation of dispersed phases in the subsequent aging process, and compounds the dispersed L1 through solute atoms with slow diffusion 2 The type precipitated phase synergistically improves the creep critical stress of the Al-Mg alloy, the high-temperature creep resistance of the Al-Mg alloy is obviously improved, and the design idea of the alloy components is also suitable for the aluminum alloy for laser melting in other system selected areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy as a second-generation engineering structure material has the advantages of low density, high specific strength and the like, and is increasingly widely applied to the fields of light weight, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like in aerospace, automobiles and the like. The gradual increase of the industrialization degree increases the demand for highly integrated complex-structure aluminum alloy parts. The selective laser melting additive manufacturing technology has obvious advantages in preparing complex thin-wall precise components due to the characteristic of free design. However, most of the traditional commercial aluminum alloys have poor mechanical properties due to the wide solidification range and poor welding performance and the easy existence of defects such as thermal cracks and the like in the selective laser melting rapid solidification process. The addition of a nucleating agent to promote the formation of equiaxed fine crystals is a key means for inhibiting thermal cracking. The Al-Mg alloy has relatively low heat cracking tendency in laser processing, and the matrix cracks can be effectively eliminated by the equiaxial and columnar mixed crystal structure formed after the nucleating agent is added. However, the large amount of fine crystals in the mixed crystal structure promotes diffusion creep and grain boundary slip, and the creep performance is seriously damaged. In addition, Al-Mg system lacks stable precipitated phase with high volume fraction, and has limited high temperature creep resistance.
The invention provides a creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the prepared alloy consists of a multi-scale mixed crystal structure by introducing Mn element which diffuses slowly at high temperature and regulating the content ratio of Sc, Zr and Er, and dispersed nano L1 is distributed in a supersaturated solid solution compounded by multiple solutes after aging 2 And (4) forming a precipitated phase. At high temperature deformation, on the one hand, solute atoms andL1 2 the interaction between the type precipitated phase and dislocation is synergistically strengthened, and the creep critical stress is improved; on the other hand, the grain boundary area in the mixed crystal structure is reduced after the laser melting regulation and control of the alloy elements and the selective area, the pinning effect of solute atoms and precipitated phase relative to the grain boundary is coupled, the contribution of diffusion creep and grain boundary slippage to creep deformation is reduced, and the problem of poor creep resistance of the selective area laser melting Al-Mg series alloy is solved ingeniously. The Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting has low cost and strong creep resistance, and is suitable for high-temperature field service. In addition, the preparation method for realizing the integrated control of the supersaturated solid solution structure of the Al-Mg alloy by the aid of the design idea of the alloy components and the synergistic regulation and control of the selective laser melting rapid solidification and the stress relief aging treatment is also applicable to other systems of aluminum alloys.
In recent years, research on the design of Al — Mg series alloy components for selective laser melting has mainly focused on improving room temperature performance by adding transition or rare earth metal elements to promote the formation of equiaxed fine grains to inhibit thermal cracking, and to precipitate dispersed fine second phase grains to effectively pin dislocations. For example, patent 201810594407.X discloses "Al-Mg-Sc-Zr series aluminum alloy composition for selective laser melting technology and method for preparing formed part", which adds scandium and zirconium elements to precipitate Al after aging 3 (Sc, Zr) particles, improving the room temperature strength of the Al-Mg alloy. However, Mg atoms are diffused rapidly at the time of high-temperature deformation, the effect of suppressing dislocation movement is limited, and Al is compared with Ni-based superalloys 3 The low volume fraction of the (Sc, Zr) dispersoid phase leads to low creep resistance at high temperature of the Al-Mg alloy. At present, the invention about the high-temperature mechanical property of Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of poor creep resistance of the traditional Al-Mg alloy prepared by selective laser melting forming, and provides the creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 3-15, Mn: 1-10, Sc: 0.2-1.5, Zr: 0.5-3, Er: 0.2-2, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
Further, the Al-Mg alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 4-9, Mn: 3-7, Sc: 0.2-1, Zr: 0.5-2, Er: 0.2-1.5;
a preparation method of creep-resistant Al-Mg series alloy for selective laser melting comprises the following steps:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a smelting furnace at 750 ℃ of 730-;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an aluminum oxide conduit, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain aluminum alloy powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 175-225 ℃ for 2-5 h;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid solution aluminum alloy formed piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, performing selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 250-450W, the scanning speed is 600-1200mm/s, the scanning distance is 100-150 mu m, and the substrate temperature is 150-200 ℃;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (4) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal forming piece obtained in the step S4, wherein the aging temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the aging time is 4-24 h.
Compared with the prior art, the creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:
1) the Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting has better creep resistance, and the creep critical stress is more than 25MPa when the alloy creeps at 300 ℃ after the components are optimized, so that the alloy is suitable for high-temperature working condition service;
2)mn elements with high solid solubility and slow diffusion are added into the alloy, so that a supersaturated solid solution with high thermal stability is formed; adding Sc, Zr and Er elements, regulating and controlling the content ratio, and inducing L1 based on uneven cooling speed in the molten pool 2 The precipitation of the type primary phase promotes the heterogeneous nucleation of alpha-Al crystal grains, realizes the control of a multi-scale mixed crystal structure in the selective laser melting forming process and inhibits thermal cracking;
3) the alloy of the invention reduces Sc content by compositely adding Sc, Zr and Er elements and optimizing the content proportion thereof, regulates and controls L1 in the aging process 2 The size, the number density, the distribution and the chemical composition of the core-shell structure of the secondary precipitated phase can improve the Zener pinning force, further improve the creep resistance, reduce the alloy cost and be easy to popularize and apply;
4) solute atoms with high thermal stability and L1 during high temperature creep 2 The interaction between the type precipitated phase and the dislocation is strengthened in a synergistic way, and the dislocation creep is inhibited; the mixed crystal structure reduces the area of a grain boundary, couples solute atoms and a precipitated phase relative to the grain boundary pinning effect, reduces the contribution of diffusion creep and grain boundary slippage to creep deformation, and finally improves the creep resistance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Firstly, the aluminum alloy composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Al-7Mg-5Mn-1.2Sc-0.4Zr-0.4Er(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a 740 ℃ smelting furnace according to a ratio until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 680 ℃ and adding commercial pure magnesium until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to make the components of the alloy melt uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine droplets through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine droplets to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-7Mg-5Mn-1.2Sc-0.4Zr-0.4Er (wt.%) powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 hours;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, carrying out selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning interval is 100 mu m, the substrate temperature is 200 ℃, the powder spreading layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: the metal member obtained in the S4 is subjected to stress relief aging treatment at 350 ℃ for 5h to obtain a mixed crystal structure and L1 2 The supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy member with the second phase dispersed and distributed has the advantages of no crack on the matrix, high density and creep resistance.
Example two
Firstly, the aluminum alloy composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Al-5Mg-7Mn-1.2Sc-0.4Zr-0.4Er(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a 740 ℃ smelting furnace according to a ratio until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 690 ℃, adding commercial pure magnesium until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to make the components of the alloy melt uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-5Mg-7Mn-1.2Sc-0.4Zr-0.4Er (wt.%) powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 hours;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, carrying out selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 380W, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning distance is 120 mu m, the substrate temperature is 200 ℃, the powder layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (3) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal member obtained in the step (S4), wherein the aging temperature is 350 ℃, and the aging time is 5h, so that the supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy member with the mixed crystal structure and the second phase in dispersed distribution is obtained, and the substrate has no cracks, high density and creep resistance.
EXAMPLE III
Firstly, the aluminum alloy composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-1.2Zr-0.4Er(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a 735 ℃ smelting furnace according to a ratio until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 690 ℃, adding commercial pure magnesium until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to make the components of the alloy melt uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-1.2Zr-0.4Er (wt.%) metal powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 hours;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, carrying out selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning distance is 100 mu m, the temperature of the substrate is 150 ℃, the thickness of the powder layer is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (3) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal member obtained in the step (S4), wherein the aging temperature is 350 ℃, and the aging time is 5h, so that the supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy member with the mixed crystal structure and the second phase in dispersed distribution is obtained, and the substrate has no cracks, high density and creep resistance.
Through detection, the creep critical stress of the Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-1.2Zr-0.4Er (wt.%) alloy prepared by the method is 45MPa when the alloy creeps at 300 ℃.
Example four
Firstly, the components and contents of the aluminum alloy composition are as follows:
Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.8Sc-0.8Zr-0.4Er(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a smelting furnace at 750 ℃ according to a ratio until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 690 ℃, adding commercial pure magnesium until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to make the components of an alloy melt uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.8Sc-0.8Zr-0.4Er (wt.%) metal powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by a vacuum drying oven at 180 ℃ for 5 hours;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, performing selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 370W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning interval is 120 mu m, the substrate temperature is 200 ℃, the powder spreading layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (3) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal member obtained in the step (S4), wherein the aging temperature is 325 ℃, and the aging time is 10h, so that the supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy member with the mixed crystal structure and the second phase in dispersed distribution is obtained, and the substrate has no cracks, high density and creep resistance.
EXAMPLE five
Firstly, the aluminum alloy composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-0.4Zr-1.2Er(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a 735 ℃ smelting furnace according to a ratio until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 690 ℃, adding commercial pure magnesium until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to make the components of the alloy melt uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-0.4Zr-1.2Er (wt.%) metal powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 hours;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, carrying out selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 370W, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the scanning distance is 150 mu m, the substrate temperature is 200 ℃, the powder layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (3) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal member obtained in the step (S4), wherein the aging temperature is 325 ℃, and the aging time is 10h, so that the supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy member with the mixed crystal structure and the second phase in dispersed distribution is obtained, and the substrate has no cracks, high density and creep resistance.
Comparative example 1
Firstly, the aluminum alloy composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Al-12Mg-0.4Sc-1.2Zr-0.4Er(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, smelting a master alloy: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a smelting furnace at 750 ℃ according to a proportion until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 690 ℃, putting commercial pure magnesium into the smelting furnace until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to enable components of an alloy melt to be uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-12Mg-0.4Sc-1.2Zr-0.4Er (wt.%) metal powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 h;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid solution aluminum alloy formed piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, carrying out selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning interval is 120 mu m, the substrate temperature is 200 ℃, the powder spreading layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (3) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal member obtained in the step (S4), wherein the aging temperature is 350 ℃, and the aging time is 5h, so that the supersaturated solid solution aluminum alloy member with the mixed crystal structure and the second phase in dispersion distribution is obtained, the matrix has no cracks and high density, but the creep resistance is lower than that of the alloy added with the Mn element.
Comparative example 2
Firstly, the components and contents of the aluminum alloy composition are as follows:
Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-1.2Zr(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a 740 ℃ smelting furnace according to a ratio until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 690 ℃, adding commercial pure magnesium until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to make the components of the alloy melt uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-1.2Zr (wt.%) metal powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 h;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, carrying out selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 400W, the scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the scanning distance is 120 mu m, the substrate temperature is 200 ℃, the powder layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (3) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal component obtained in the step (S4), wherein the aging temperature is 300 ℃, and the aging time is 20h, so that the supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy component with the mixed crystal structure and the second phase in dispersed distribution is obtained, the matrix has no cracks and high density, and the creep resistance is lower than that of the alloy added with the Er element.
Comparative example three
Firstly, the aluminum alloy composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-1.2Zr-0.4Er(wt.％)
secondly, preparing an aluminum alloy forming piece:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a 735 ℃ smelting furnace according to a ratio until the materials are completely molten, then cooling to 690 ℃, adding commercial pure magnesium until the materials are completely molten, stirring for 30min to make the components of the alloy melt uniform, and slagging;
s2, powder preparation: opening a valve at the bottom of the crucible, allowing the alloy melt to flow out through an alumina guide pipe, impacting and crushing fluid into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, solidifying the fine liquid drops to form metal powder, and sieving the metal powder through a sieve to obtain Al-5Mg-7Mn-0.4Sc-1.2Zr-0.4Er (wt.%) metal powder for selective laser melting;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by using a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 200 ℃ for 3 h;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, performing selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 200W, the scanning speed is 300mm/s, the scanning interval is 120 mu m, the substrate temperature is 200 ℃, the powder spreading layer thickness is 30 mu m, and the phase angle is 67 degrees;
s5, stress relief and aging treatment: and (4) carrying out stress relief aging treatment on the metal member obtained in the step (S4), wherein the aging temperature is 300 ℃, and the aging time is 20 h. Due to the fact that the laser power is too low, the alloy prepared by the method has obvious thermal cracks and holes, the density is low, and when creep deformation is detected at 300 ℃, the alloy breaks when steady state creep deformation cutting is not achieved.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A creep-resistant Al-Mg series alloy for selective laser melting is characterized in that: the Al-Mg alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg: 3-15, Mn: 1-10, Sc: 0.2-1.5, Zr: 0.5-3, Er: 0.2-2, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities.
2. The creep-resistant Al-Mg alloy for selective laser melting according to claim 1, wherein the Al-Mg alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: mg: 4-9, Mn: 3-7, Sc: 0.2-1, Zr: 0.5-2, Er: 0.2-1.5.
3. A method for producing a creep-resistant Al-Mg-based alloy for selective laser melting according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
s1, aluminum alloy smelting: putting commercial pure aluminum, Al-20Mn (wt.%), Al-2Sc (wt.%), Al-5Zr (wt.%) and Al-10Er (wt.%) into a smelting furnace at 730-;
s2, powder preparation: the alloy melt flows out through an aluminum oxide conduit, fluid is impacted and crushed into fine liquid drops through a high-pressure nitrogen atomizer in the free falling process, metal powder is formed after solidification, and the aluminum alloy powder for selective laser melting is obtained after sieving through a sieve;
s3, drying powder: drying the powder by a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 175-225 ℃ for 2-5 h;
s4, preparing a supersaturated solid-solution aluminum alloy forming piece: under the protection of argon, when the oxygen content in the box body is lower than 200ppm, performing selective laser melting forming on the metal powder, wherein the laser power is 250-450W, the scanning speed is 600-1200mm/s, the scanning interval is 100-150 mu m, and the substrate temperature is 150-200 ℃;
s5, stress relief aging treatment: and (4) performing stress relief aging treatment on the metal member obtained in the step S4, wherein the aging temperature is 300-400 ℃, and the time is 4-24 h.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the diameter of the metal powder described in step S1 is 20-55 μm.
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Application publication date: 20220902 Assignee: Lianyungang Shihai Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHANGZHOU University Contract record no.: X2023980049315 Denomination of invention: A creep resistant Al Mg alloy for selective laser melting and its preparation method Granted publication date: 20230110 License type: Common License Record date: 20231203 |
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