CN114990314B - Heat treatment anti-deformation tool and anti-deformation method for oversized cylindrical forging - Google Patents
Heat treatment anti-deformation tool and anti-deformation method for oversized cylindrical forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN114990314B CN114990314B CN202110225130.5A CN202110225130A CN114990314B CN 114990314 B CN114990314 B CN 114990314B CN 202110225130 A CN202110225130 A CN 202110225130A CN 114990314 B CN114990314 B CN 114990314B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0018—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces for charging, discharging or manipulation of charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment deformation-preventing tool and a deformation-preventing method for an oversized cylindrical forging, belongs to the technical field of heat treatment, and solves the problem that the existing oversized cylindrical forging is easy to deform in the heat treatment process and cannot meet the finish machining size. The heat treatment deformation-preventing tool for the oversized cylindrical forging comprises a forging supporting unit; the forging support unit comprises an annular supporting steel plate and a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks; the annular supporting steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the heat treatment furnace; the annular supporting sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate, and the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is arranged on the annular supporting sizing blocks. By adopting the method for heat treatment deformation prevention, the heat treatment deformation of the ultra-large cylindrical forging can be effectively controlled, the ideal deformation prevention effect is achieved, and the subsequent machining size can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment deformation-preventing tool and a deformation-preventing method for an oversized cylindrical forging.
Background
In the heat treatment process, the oversized cylindrical forging expands after being heated or contracts after being cooled to generate thermal stress, and if the stress such as the thermal stress, the tissue stress and the like locally received is superposed to exceed the yield strength of the forging, the elastic plastic deformation can occur, so that the forging is deformed, and the obvious long and short axes are common.
For cylindrical forgings with small diameters, conventional deformation prevention measures are adopted during heat treatment, special deformation prevention measures are not needed, and the forgings are placed in the center of a heat treatment furnace during charging, so that the central axes of the forgings are basically coincident with the central axes of the heat treatment furnace, uniform heating of all parts in the heating process of the forgings is ensured, and the forgings are flatly padded on supporting sizing blocks, so that the central axes of the cylindrical forgings are in a vertical state.
For oversized cylindrical forgings, the larger the diameter, the greater the propensity for deformation during heat treatment. If conventional deformation prevention measures are adopted, deformation is easy to occur in the heat treatment process, and in order to ensure the size of a finished product, forging allowance and heat treatment allowance are required to be increased, so that the cost of raw materials is increased, machining cost is increased due to the increase of the allowance, and the effect of heat treatment of a forging is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the invention aims to provide an anti-deformation tool and an anti-deformation method for heat treatment of an oversized cylindrical forging, which are used for solving the problem that the existing oversized cylindrical forging is easy to deform in the heat treatment process so as to cause that the finishing size is not satisfied.
The aim of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a heat treatment anti-deformation tool for an oversized cylindrical forging, which is arranged in a circular heat treatment furnace; the heat treatment anti-deformation tool comprises a forging support unit;
the forging support unit comprises an annular supporting steel plate and a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks; the annular supporting steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the heat treatment furnace; the annular supporting sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate, and the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is arranged on the annular supporting sizing blocks;
the diameter of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is 7.0-11.5 m; the weight of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is more than 100 tons; the thickness of the wall of the ultra-large cylindrical forging is larger than 200mm.
In one possible design, the heat treatment deformation prevention tool further comprises a level detection unit;
the horizontal detection unit is used for detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks are consistent or not, and whether the lower end faces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane or not during charging.
In one possible design, the heat treatment anti-deformation tooling further comprises a center sizing block, wherein the center sizing block is arranged at the center of the bottom of the heat treatment furnace; the level detection unit is a level meter; the level gauge is arranged on the central sizing block.
In one possible design, the heat treatment deformation prevention tooling further comprises a plurality of first lifting lugs; the first lifting lug is welded on the upper end face of the oversized cylindrical forging;
the shape of the first lifting lug is 7-shaped.
In one possible design, the shape of the annular supporting sizing block is cuboid; the material of the annular supporting sizing block is stainless steel, and two side surfaces of the annular supporting sizing block are provided with second lifting lugs.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a heat treatment deformation prevention method of the oversized cylindrical forging, which adopts the heat treatment deformation prevention tool of the oversized cylindrical forging and comprises the following steps:
step 1, during cold test, the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted in a cold state, the gravity center of the ultra-large cylindrical forging is ensured to be stable, the position of a lifting point is marked on the outer surface of the ultra-large cylindrical forging, and the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted according to the marked position during cold test during quenching and lifting;
step 2, during charging, firstly placing an annular supporting steel plate on a heat treatment furnace, and uniformly distributing a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate; placing a central sizing block at the center of the bottom of the heat treatment furnace, and placing a level on the central sizing block;
step 3, detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks are consistent by using a level gauge; if the heights are consistent, the level gauge is removed, and the oversized cylindrical forging piece is placed on the annular supporting sizing block;
step 4, detecting whether the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane by adopting a level gauge;
step 5, if the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are not in the same horizontal plane, leveling up all supporting parts of the oversized cylindrical forgings, and putting the oversized cylindrical forgings again;
and 6, removing the level gauge after the lower end face of the oversized cylindrical forging is positioned on the same horizontal plane, performing heat treatment on the oversized cylindrical forging, and performing quenching treatment on the oversized cylindrical forging after the heat treatment.
Further, in step 2, after the annular supporting steel plate and the annular supporting sizing block are placed, at least one high-temperature heat treatment process is performed; the heat treatment condition is above 850 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for at least 5 hours.
Further, in step 3, if the heights are not uniform, the highest annular supporting sizing block is found and used as a reference, the height of each other annular supporting sizing block to be supplemented is recorded, and the height is supplemented to be a contour plane by a thin steel plate.
Further, in step 5, each supporting portion of the oversized cylindrical forging is padded with a thin steel plate pad so that the lower end faces of the oversized cylindrical forging are on the same horizontal plane.
Further, in the step 6, the heat treatment is carried out on the ultra-large cylindrical forging in a step heating mode, the temperature is firstly raised to 250-350 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 3-5 hours; heating to 650-700 deg.c and maintaining for 4-6 hr; finally, heating to 850-920 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-10h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the prior art, the annular supporting steel plate and the plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks on the annular supporting steel plate can effectively reduce the deformation in the heat treatment process of the oversized cylindrical forging, so that the allowance of the forging can be reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved; meanwhile, the working procedure that the forging piece is required to be shaped because of large deformation caused by taking the conventional anti-deformation measure is reduced, and the green manufacturing of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is realized.
(2) The deformation of the heat treatment and the lifting process of the oversized cylindrical forging can be effectively reduced, the subsequent machining size can be met after the heat treatment, and the ideal deformation prevention effect is achieved.
(3) After the heat treatment of the heat treatment deformation prevention tool for the oversized cylindrical forging provided by the invention is carried out, the size of the oversized cylindrical forging meets the size of a delivery diagram, and the machining allowance of at least about 5mm is arranged on one side, so that the expected deformation prevention target is achieved.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be mutually combined to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the embodiments of the invention particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of an in-furnace deformation preventing tool of the present invention (exemplified by a circular heat treatment furnace);
FIG. 2 is a front view of the oversized cylindrical forging after welding the first lifting lug;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the oversized cylindrical forging after welding the first lifting lug;
fig. 4 is a front view of the circumferential support pad 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a top view of the circumferential support sizing block 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the gauge position after heat treatment of an oversized cylindrical forging;
FIG. 7 is a top view of an oversized cylindrical forging marked 4 angles.
Reference numerals:
1-a circumferential support sizing block 1; 2-ring-shaped supporting steel plates; 3-an oversized cylindrical forging profile; 4-center sizing block; 5-level gauge; 6-furnace bottom of heat treatment furnace.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention is made in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and together with the description of the embodiments of the invention, are used to explain the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a heat treatment anti-deformation tool for an oversized cylindrical forging, which is arranged in a circular heat treatment furnace; the heat treatment anti-deformation tool comprises a forging support unit; the forging support unit comprises an annular bearing steel plate 2 and a plurality of annular support sizing blocks 1; the annular supporting steel plate 2 is arranged at the bottom 6 of the heat treatment furnace; the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate 2, and an oversized cylindrical forging is arranged on the annular supporting sizing blocks 1; the diameter of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is 7.0-11.5 m; the weight of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is more than 100 tons; the thickness of the wall of the ultra-large cylindrical forging is larger than 200mm.
As shown in the figure 1 of the invention, the heat treatment anti-deformation tooling for the oversized cylindrical forging mainly aims at the oversized cylindrical forging with the outer diameter of 7-11.5m, the weight of more than 100 tons and the thickness of the cylinder wall of more than 200mm; the deformation-preventing tool is arranged in a circular heat treatment furnace, the heat treatment furnace according to the invention is a large heat treatment furnace, and the furnace bottom 6 and the furnace shell of the heat treatment furnace can relatively move in order to load workpieces into the heat treatment furnace. The heat treatment anti-deformation tool comprises a forging support unit; the forging support unit comprises an annular bearing steel plate 2 and a plurality of annular support sizing blocks 1; the annular supporting steel plate 2 is arranged at the bottom of the heat treatment furnace, the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate 2, when the oversized cylindrical forging needs to be subjected to heat treatment, the oversized cylindrical forging is placed on the annular supporting sizing blocks 1, the supporting parts of the solid forging are leveled, and after the supporting parts are leveled, the outline 3 of the oversized cylindrical forging is placed, as shown in fig. 1, and the outline 3 of the oversized cylindrical forging is supported by the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 so as to prevent the oversized cylindrical forging from deforming.
For oversized cylindrical forgings, the larger the diameter, the greater the propensity for deformation during heat treatment. If conventional deformation prevention measures are adopted, deformation is easy to occur in the heat treatment process, and in order to ensure the size of a finished product, forging allowance and heat treatment allowance are required to be increased, so that the cost of raw materials is increased, machining cost is increased due to the increase of the allowance, and the effect of heat treatment of a forging is influenced. Compared with the prior art, the annular supporting steel plate 2 and the plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks 1 on the annular supporting steel plate can effectively reduce the deformation in the heat treatment process of the oversized cylindrical forging, so that the allowance of the forging can be reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved; meanwhile, the working procedure that the forging piece is required to be shaped because of large deformation caused by taking the conventional anti-deformation measure is reduced, and the green manufacturing of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is realized.
The heat treatment anti-deformation tool also comprises a horizontal detection unit; the horizontal detection unit is used for detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are consistent or not, and whether the lower end faces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane or not during furnace charging.
Specifically, a horizontal detection unit is adopted to detect whether the heights of the plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are consistent, if not, the highest annular supporting sizing block 1 is found out and is used as a reference, the heights of other annular supporting sizing blocks 1 needing to be supplemented are recorded, and the heights are supplemented into a contour plane by a thin steel plate. In addition, a horizontal detection unit can be adopted to detect whether the lower end face of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is on the same horizontal plane, and the specific process is as follows: the crown block is used for lifting the oversized cylindrical forging piece and stably placing the oversized cylindrical forging piece on the stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1, the lower end face of the oversized cylindrical forging piece is detected by the level detection unit, the padded annular supporting sizing block 1 is used as a reference, the heights of all positions of the equal-height planes formed by the other annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are recorded, the oversized cylindrical forging piece is lifted, the thin steel plates are used for being padded, and then the leveling instrument 5 is used for recalibration: and detecting whether the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane or not by adopting a horizontal detection unit, taking the padded annular supporting sizing block 1 as a reference, recording the heights of the other annular supporting sizing blocks 1 at all positions which are in the same height plane, hoisting the oversized cylindrical forgings, and adopting a thin steel plate for filling.
The heat treatment anti-deformation tooling also comprises a center sizing block 4, wherein as shown in figure 1, the center sizing block 4 is arranged at the center of the furnace bottom 6 of the heat treatment furnace; the level detection unit is a level meter 5; the level 5 is placed on the central sizing block 4.
In order to prevent the oversized cylindrical forging from deforming in the lifting process, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the heat treatment anti-deformation tool further comprises a plurality of first lifting lugs; the first lifting lug is welded on the upper end face of the oversized cylindrical forging; the shape of the first lifting lug is 7-shaped. When the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are consistent, the level 5 is removed, and the chain can be used for hooking the first lifting lug to place the oversized cylindrical forging above the annular supporting sizing blocks 1.
Because the ultra-large cylindrical forging needs to be lifted in the processes of charging, discharging and quenching, the ultra-large cylindrical forging is easy to deform. If the deformation exceeds the machining allowance of the oversized cylindrical forging, the follow-up finish machining size cannot be met, and if the oversized cylindrical forging cannot be effectively shaped, the forging is at a scrapping risk. The shape of the first lifting lug is 7, and the chain can be guaranteed to firmly hook the first lifting lug by setting the shape of the first lifting lug to be 7, so that the oversized cylindrical forging after heat treatment can be guaranteed to be smoothly lifted and quenched.
In order to better support the ultra-large cylindrical forging, the annular supporting sizing block 1 is rectangular; the annular supporting sizing block 1 is a stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1, and second lifting lugs are arranged on two side surfaces of the stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1.
The larger the diameter, the thinner the wall thickness, and the lower the height, the greater the tendency to deform during the heat treatment for the oversized cylindrical forging. In order to further reduce the deformation in the lifting process, the invention can change the lifting mode of the ultra-large cylindrical forging according to the actual situation, and can adopt multi-point support lifting, such as multi-point support lifting appliance lifting. When the multi-point support is adopted for hoisting, the ultra-large cylindrical forging is firstly hoisted in a cold state, the gravity center of the ultra-large cylindrical forging is ensured to be stable, the position of a hoisting point is marked on the outer surface of the ultra-large cylindrical forging, and then the ultra-large cylindrical forging is hoisted according to the marked position in the cold test.
The common carbon steel sizing block is easy to deform and burn in the heat treatment process, which is not beneficial to the deformation prevention of the heat treatment of the oversized cylindrical forging, therefore, the invention designs the stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1 aiming at the heat treatment process of the oversized cylindrical forging; the stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1 is made of stainless steel, so that the stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1 has good deformation resistance, is not easy to deform and has small burning loss, and can be recycled for multiple times at high temperature; in addition, as shown in fig. 4 and 5 of the present invention, a second lifting lug is designed on the side surface of the annular supporting sizing block 1, the direction of the second lifting lug is vertical to the side surface of the annular supporting sizing block 1, and the lifting, moving, placing, etc. of the annular supporting sizing block 1 can be facilitated through the second lifting lug; in addition, the stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1 can be horizontally placed and vertically placed according to actual needs, can be used in a double-layer or multi-layer combination mode, and can replace the existing sizing block.
Alternatively, other material sizing blocks such as carbon steel or alloy steel can be adopted, but the sizing blocks need to be used for multiple times and have smaller deformation.
The diameter of the oversized cylindrical forging is determined by the capacity of the forming equipment and the size of the heat treatment equipment, which determines how large a forging can be manufactured, and how large a forging can be heat treated.
In addition, the heat treatment furnace is a circular large heat treatment furnace, and the furnace bottom and the furnace shell can relatively move in order to charge workpieces; when the circular heat treatment furnace is not used, electric furnaces with other shapes such as rectangular shape or gas furnaces with circular, rectangular or other shapes can be adopted. If the heat treatment furnace with other shapes is adopted, the placement positions of the annular supporting sizing block 1 and the annular supporting steel plate can be properly adjusted according to actual conditions.
Example 2
The invention also provides a heat treatment deformation prevention method of the oversized cylindrical forging, which adopts the heat treatment deformation prevention tool of the oversized cylindrical forging provided by the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, during cold test, the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted in a cold state, the gravity center of the ultra-large cylindrical forging is ensured to be stable, the position of a lifting point is marked on the outer surface of the ultra-large cylindrical forging, and the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted according to the marked position during cold test during quenching and lifting;
step 2, during charging, firstly placing an annular supporting steel plate 2 on a heat treatment furnace, and uniformly distributing a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks 1 along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate 2; placing a central sizing block 4 in the center of a furnace bottom 6 of the heat treatment furnace, and placing a level 5 on the central sizing block 4;
in step 2, after the annular supporting steel plate 2 and the annular supporting sizing block 1 are put, at least one high-temperature heat treatment process is carried out; the heat treatment condition is above 850 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for at least 5 hours.
Step 3, detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are consistent by adopting a level meter 5; if the heights are consistent, the level gauge 5 is removed, and the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is placed on the annular supporting sizing block 1; if the heights are inconsistent, the highest annular supporting sizing block 1 is found out and used as a reference, the heights of other annular supporting sizing blocks 1 needing to be supplemented are recorded, and the heights are supplemented into a same-height plane by using a thin steel plate;
step 4, detecting whether the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane by adopting a level meter 5;
step 5, if the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are not in the same horizontal plane, leveling up all supporting parts of the oversized cylindrical forgings, and putting the oversized cylindrical forgings again;
the supporting portions of the oversized cylindrical forging are padded with thin steel plates so that the lower end faces of the oversized cylindrical forging are on the same horizontal plane.
And 6, removing the level meter 5 after the lower end face of the oversized cylindrical forging is positioned on the same horizontal plane, performing heat treatment on the oversized cylindrical forging, and performing quenching treatment on the oversized cylindrical forging after the heat treatment.
In the step 6, the heat treatment is carried out on the ultra-large cylindrical forging in a step heating mode, the temperature is firstly raised to 250-350 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 3-5 hours; heating to 650-700 deg.c and maintaining for 4-6 hr; finally, heating to 850-920 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-10h.
Compared with the prior art, the heat treatment deformation prevention method for the oversized cylindrical forging can effectively reduce the heat treatment deformation of the oversized cylindrical forging, so that the forging allowance can be reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved; meanwhile, the working procedure that the forging piece is required to be shaped because of large deformation caused by taking the conventional anti-deformation measure is reduced, and the green manufacturing of the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is realized.
Example 3
The heat treatment deformation prevention tool for the oversized cylindrical forging provided in the embodiment 1 and the heat treatment deformation prevention method for the oversized cylindrical forging provided in the embodiment 2 are adopted in the embodiment.
Taking a certain oversized cylindrical forging as an example, the size of an inner hole of the oversized cylindrical forging before heat treatment is phi 8310mm, the height of the inner hole is 2115mm, the thickness of the inner hole is 345mm, and the weight of the inner hole is 155t. The delivery size of the inner hole of the forging is phi 8400mm, the target size of the long axis of the inner hole after heat treatment is less than phi 8390mm, and the machining allowance of at least 5mm is formed on one side.
The heat treatment deformation prevention method of the oversized cylindrical forging comprises the following steps of:
step 1, during cold test, the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted in a cold state, the gravity center of the ultra-large cylindrical forging is ensured to be stable, the position of a lifting point is marked on the outer surface of the ultra-large cylindrical forging, and the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted according to the marked position during cold test during quenching and lifting;
step 2, during charging, firstly placing an annular supporting steel plate 2 (adopting a new annular supporting steel plate or a smaller annular supporting steel plate with smaller deformation) on a heat treatment furnace so as to improve the supporting capacity of the furnace bottom and ensure that the steel plate is in a horizontal state; 12 stainless steel annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate 2; placing a central sizing block 4 in the center of a furnace bottom 6 of the heat treatment furnace, and placing a level 5 on the central sizing block 4;
in step 2, after the annular supporting steel plate 2 and the annular supporting sizing block 1 are put, at least one high-temperature heat treatment process is carried out; the heat treatment condition is above 850 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for at least 5 hours.
Step 3, detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are consistent by adopting a level meter 5; if the heights are consistent, the level gauge 5 is removed, and the ultra-large cylindrical forging piece is placed on the annular supporting sizing block 1; if the heights are inconsistent, the highest annular supporting sizing block 1 is found out and used as a reference, the heights of other annular supporting sizing blocks 1 needing to be supplemented are recorded, and the heights are supplemented into a same-height plane by using a thin steel plate;
step 4, recalibrating the level meter 5: detecting whether the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane by adopting a level meter 5;
step 5, if the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are not in the same horizontal plane, leveling up each supporting part of the oversized cylindrical forgings, and in-situ rearranging the oversized cylindrical forgings; and detecting the lower end face of the oversized cylindrical forging again by using a level meter 5, and checking and leveling each supporting part of the oversized cylindrical forging by using a thin steel plate to enable the lower end face of the oversized cylindrical forging to be positioned on the same horizontal plane.
And 6, after the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are positioned on the same horizontal plane, removing the level meter 5, performing heat treatment on the oversized cylindrical forgings, lifting the oversized cylindrical forgings by adopting a single-arm hook according to the marked position during cold test after the heat treatment, and performing quenching treatment on the oversized cylindrical forgings.
After step 5 is completed, the supporting points of the stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1 at 12 are supplemented with the heights shown in the following table 1:
table 1 supporting point filling height meter of stainless steel annular supporting sizing block 1
Carrying out heat treatment on the ultra-large cylindrical forging in a stepped heating mode, heating to 250-350 ℃ firstly, and preserving heat for 3-5 hours; heating to 650-700 deg.c and maintaining for 4-6 hr; then heating to 890-910 deg.C, and preserving heat for 7-9h.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in this example, 4 angles are selected in the circumferential direction, 2 sections are selected in the height direction, and the deformation condition of the inner diameter of the oversized cylindrical forging after heat treatment is measured, see table 2 below:
table 2 inner diameter size of oversized cylindrical forgings after heat treatment
The long axis size of the inner hole of the oversized cylindrical forging after heat treatment is phi 8365mm, the requirement of the final finish machining size is met, and 17.5mm machining allowance is reserved on one side, so that the expected deformation prevention target is achieved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The heat treatment deformation prevention method for the oversized cylindrical forging is characterized by adopting a heat treatment deformation prevention tool for the oversized cylindrical forging to prevent deformation, wherein the heat treatment deformation prevention tool is arranged in a circular heat treatment furnace; the heat treatment anti-deformation tool comprises a forging support unit;
the forging support unit comprises an annular supporting steel plate and a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks; the annular supporting steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the heat treatment furnace; the annular supporting sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate, and the oversized cylindrical forging piece is arranged on the annular supporting sizing blocks;
the diameter of the oversized cylindrical forging is 7.0-11.5 m; the weight of the oversized cylindrical forging is more than 100 tons; the thickness of the cylinder wall of the oversized cylindrical forging is greater than 200mm; the heat treatment anti-deformation tool further comprises a horizontal detection unit;
the horizontal detection unit is used for detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks are consistent or not, and whether the lower end faces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane or not during furnace loading; the heat treatment anti-deformation tooling further comprises a center sizing block, wherein the center sizing block is arranged at the center of the bottom of the heat treatment furnace; the level detection unit is a level meter; the level gauge is arranged on the central sizing block; the heat treatment deformation prevention method of the oversized cylindrical forging comprises the following steps of:
step 1, during cold test, the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted in a cold state, the position of a lifting point is marked on the outer surface of the ultra-large cylindrical forging, and during quenching and lifting, the ultra-large cylindrical forging is lifted according to the marked position during cold test;
step 2, during charging, firstly placing an annular supporting steel plate on a heat treatment furnace, and uniformly distributing a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate; placing a central sizing block at the center of the bottom of the heat treatment furnace, and placing a level on the central sizing block; after the annular supporting steel plate and the annular supporting sizing block are placed, at least one high-temperature heat treatment process is carried out; the high-temperature heat treatment condition is above 850 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for at least 5 hours;
step 3, detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks are consistent by using a level gauge; if the heights are consistent, the level gauge is removed, and the oversized cylindrical forging piece is placed on the annular supporting sizing block;
if the heights are inconsistent, the highest annular supporting sizing block is found out and used as a reference, the heights of other annular supporting sizing blocks which need to be supplemented are recorded, and the heights are supplemented into a same-height plane by using a thin steel plate;
step 4, detecting whether the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are on the same horizontal plane by adopting a level gauge;
step 5, if the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are not in the same horizontal plane, leveling up all supporting parts of the oversized cylindrical forgings, and putting the oversized cylindrical forgings again;
each supporting part of the oversized cylindrical forging is flatly padded by using a thin steel plate so that the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forging are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
step 6, after the lower end surfaces of the oversized cylindrical forgings are positioned on the same horizontal plane, removing the level gauge, performing heat treatment on the oversized cylindrical forgings, and performing quenching treatment on the oversized cylindrical forgings after the heat treatment;
carrying out heat treatment on the ultra-large cylindrical forging in a stepped heating mode, heating to 250-350 ℃ firstly, and preserving heat for 3-5 hours; heating to 650-700 deg.c and maintaining for 4-6 hr; finally, heating to 850-920 ℃, and preserving heat for 5-10h.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tool further comprises a plurality of first lifting lugs; the first lifting lug is welded on the upper end face of the oversized cylindrical forging;
the shape of the first lifting lug is 7-shaped.
3. The heat treatment deformation prevention method of an oversized cylindrical forging according to claim 2, wherein the shape of the annular supporting sizing block is cuboid; the material of annular support sizing block is stainless steel, the both sides face of annular support sizing block is equipped with the second lug.
4. The method for preventing deformation by heat treatment of oversized cylindrical forgings according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the oversized cylindrical forgings are heat treated in a stepped heating mode, and are heated to 250-350 ℃ and kept for 3-5 hours; heating to 650-700 deg.c and maintaining for 4-6 hr; finally, the temperature is raised to 890-910 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 7-9h.
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