CN114904938A - Sizing tool and sizing method for super-large cylindrical forging - Google Patents
Sizing tool and sizing method for super-large cylindrical forging Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114904938A CN114904938A CN202110183469.3A CN202110183469A CN114904938A CN 114904938 A CN114904938 A CN 114904938A CN 202110183469 A CN202110183469 A CN 202110183469A CN 114904938 A CN114904938 A CN 114904938A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sizing
- forging
- super
- large cylindrical
- correction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a shape correction tool and a shape correction method for an oversized cylindrical forging, belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of oversized cylindrical forgings, and solves the technical problems that the existing shape correction method cannot accurately correct the shape and is not suitable for correcting the oversized cylindrical forging with large deformation. The shape correcting tool is arranged in a heat treatment furnace; the shape correcting tool comprises a forging piece supporting unit and a forging piece shape correcting unit; the forging supporting unit comprises an annular supporting steel plate, a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks and a plurality of radial supporting sizing blocks, wherein the annular supporting sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate; the radial support sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the short axis direction of the oversized cylindrical forging; the forging shape correcting unit is used for correcting the shape of the super-large cylindrical forging. The large-tonnage hydraulic jack is used as a force application source to apply force to the inner hole of the super-large cylindrical forging in the short axis direction, so that the super-large cylindrical forging is elastically deformed in the radial direction, the short axis is extended, the long axis is contracted, and the purpose of accurate shape correction is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of super-large cylindrical forgings, in particular to a shape correction tool and a shape correction method for super-large cylindrical forgings.
Background
The super large cylindrical forging is mostly used on pressure vessel equipment, and the size of the required cylindrical forging is increased along with the increasing size of the pressure vessel equipment. In order to meet the performance requirements required by equipment use, the performance heat treatment is required to be carried out on the oversized cylindrical forge piece. In the heat treatment process, the forged piece can deform due to heating expansion, uneven cooling or no flattening and compaction during charging, and obvious long and short axes are usually formed. For oversized cylindrical forgings, the larger the diameter, the greater the tendency for deformation during heat treatment.
For the deformed forged piece, if the deformation exceeds the machining allowance of the forged piece, the subsequent finish machining size cannot be met, and the shape correction is needed. For a cylindrical forging with a smaller diameter, the shape of the cylindrical forging is corrected by adopting a press; for the super-large cylindrical forged piece with the diameter of more than 7m, the existing press cannot be adopted for shape correction due to stroke limitation.
At present, the correction research on the oversized cylindrical forge piece is few, the individual research utilizes the principle of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, a shaping tool is placed in the forge piece in a hot state, after cooling, the forge piece contracts, the shaping tool resists the contraction of a short shaft, and further the ellipse amount of the forge piece is reduced. The method cannot realize accurate shape correction, and the aim of shape correction cannot be fulfilled by the method for the forged piece with larger deformation because the diameter of the short shaft cannot be increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a shape correction tool and a shape correction method for a super large cylindrical forging, so as to solve the technical problems that the existing shape correction method cannot accurately correct the shape and cannot correct a super large cylindrical forging with large deformation.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a shape correcting tool for an oversized cylindrical forging, which is arranged in a heat treatment furnace; the shape correcting tool comprises a forging piece supporting unit and a forging piece shape correcting unit; the forging supporting unit is arranged below the super-large cylindrical forging;
the forging supporting unit comprises an annular supporting steel plate, a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks and a plurality of radial supporting sizing blocks, wherein the annular supporting sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate; the radial support sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the short axis direction of the oversized cylindrical forging;
the forging piece shape correcting unit is positioned above the radial support sizing block in the super-large cylindrical forging piece; the forging piece shape correcting unit is used for correcting the shape of the super-large cylindrical forging piece.
In one possible design, the shape correcting tool for the oversized cylindrical forging further comprises a level meter;
the level meter is arranged on a radial support sizing block at the center of the heat treatment furnace; the gradienter is used for detecting whether the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks are the same or not;
the forging correction unit comprises a first correction sizing block and a second correction sizing block; the first correction sizing block and the second correction sizing block are both rectangular;
the first end of the first correction sizing block and the first end of the second correction sizing block are adjacent to the inner surface of the super-large cylindrical forging; the second end of the first correction sizing block is adjacent to the second end of the second correction sizing block; be equipped with the upper supporting steel plate and the lower floor supporting steel plate that are parallel to each other on the terminal surface of the second end of first school shape parallels, be equipped with hydraulic jack in the accommodation space that upper supporting steel plate and lower floor supporting steel plate formed.
In a possible design, the first end of the first correcting sizing block and the first end of the second correcting sizing block are provided with arc-shaped thin steel plates respectively on end faces, and the arc-shaped thin steel plates are used for preventing the inner hole of the forging from being indented in the correcting process.
In one possible design, the shape correcting unit further comprises a plurality of supporting blocks and connecting blocks, after the super-large cylindrical forging is corrected, the connecting blocks are welded between the second correcting sizing block and the upper layer of supporting steel plate and between the second correcting sizing block and the lower layer of supporting steel plate, and the supporting blocks are used for replacing a hydraulic jack for supporting;
the connecting block is used for fixing the size of the oversized forging after shape correction.
In one possible design, the hydraulic jack is a 500 ton large tonnage hydraulic jack.
In one possible design, the diameter range of the oversized cylindrical forging is 7.0-11.5 m; the weight of the super large cylindrical forging piece is more than 100 tons.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a correction method of the super-large cylindrical forging, and the correction tool of the super-large cylindrical forging comprises the following steps:
and 7, performing stress relief heat treatment, and removing the shape correction tool after the heat treatment.
Further, in step 4, placing the first sizing pad and the second sizing pad on the radial support pad; and placing a hydraulic jack in an accommodating space formed by the upper supporting steel plate and the lower supporting steel plate of the first sizing block, and implementing a sizing process.
Further, in step 4, the sizing process is: pressurizing by using a hydraulic jack to enable the first ends of the first correction sizing block and the second correction sizing block to be in contact with the cylinder wall of the super-large cylindrical forging; and gradually pressurizing, maintaining the pressure for 10 +/-1 min each time, and then measuring the long axis dimension of the super-large cylindrical forging until the expected deformation is reached.
Further, in the step 4, pressurizing to 10 +/-0.5 MPa by a hydraulic jack, maintaining the pressure for 10 +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts of the forged piece; pressurizing to 20 +/-0.5 MPa by using a hydraulic jack, maintaining the pressure for 10 +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts of the forge piece;
pressurizing to 30 +/-0.5 MPa by a hydraulic jack, maintaining the pressure for 10 +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts of the forged piece; gradually pressurizing, and maintaining the pressure for 10 +/-1 min; after the hydraulic jack is pressurized to 60 +/-0.5 MPa, the stroke required by the expected deformation is reached, the pressurization is stopped, the pressure is maintained for 10 +/-1 min, and the actual deformation of the forge piece is detected.
Further, in step 7, the stress relief heat treatment process is as follows: the super large cylindrical forging is subjected to heat preservation for 4-4.5h at the temperature of 250-300 ℃; then raising the temperature of the heat treatment furnace to 500-540 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 2-2.5 h; then raising the temperature of the heat treatment furnace to 550-600 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 9-9.5 h; finally, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is reduced to 350 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
Further, in step 3, if the heights of the circumferential support sizing blocks are not consistent, the highest circumferential support sizing block is found out and used as a reference, the heights of other circumferential support sizing blocks needing to be filled are recorded, and the heights are filled by thin steel plates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) the large-tonnage hydraulic jack is used as a force application source to apply force to the inner hole of the super-large cylindrical forging in the short axis direction, so that the cylindrical forging is elastically deformed in the radial direction, the short axis is extended, and the long axis is contracted, thereby achieving the purpose of shape correction. And after the deformation reaches a preset target value, welding a connecting block in the force application direction of the jack to maintain the deformation, then removing the jack, adding a supporting block, and finally feeding the oversized cylindrical forging and the sizing tool into a furnace integrally to perform stress relief heat treatment so that the cylindrical forging reaches permanent deformation and the sizing process is completed.
(2) After the accurate shape correction method of the super-large cylindrical forging provided by the invention is used for correcting, the size of the super-large cylindrical forging meets the size of a delivery drawing, and the single side has about 5mm machining allowance, so that an ideal shape correction effect is achieved.
(3) According to the invention, the arc-shaped thin steel plates are arranged on the end faces of the first end of the first correction sizing block and the first end of the second correction sizing block, and the shapes of the arc-shaped thin steel plates are fitted with the shape of the furnace wall of the heat treatment furnace, so that the inner hole of the oversized cylindrical forging is prevented from being indented in the correction process.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sizing tool of the present invention (taking a circular furnace bottom as an example);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a calibration unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view in the direction A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a super large cylindrical forging;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a super large cylindrical forging marked at 4 angles;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a stress relief heat treatment process;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a supporting block structure added when the variable-diameter super-large cylindrical forging piece is corrected.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1-circumferential supporting sizing blocks; 2-radial supporting sizing blocks; 3-annular supporting steel plates; 4-super large cylindrical forging profile; 5-minor axis; 6-the bottom of the heat treatment furnace; 7-a level gauge; 8-first sizing block; 9-second correction sizing block; 10-upper supporting steel plate; 11-lower supporting steel plate; 12-hydraulic jacks; 13-a first cross section; 14-a second cross section; 15 third cross-section; 16-a first support block; 17-a second support block; 18-third support block.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 provides a sizing tool for an oversized cylindrical forging, for example, the diameter range of the oversized cylindrical forging is 7.0-11.5 m; the weight of the super-large cylindrical forging piece is more than 100 tons; the shape correcting tool comprises a forging piece supporting unit and a forging piece shape correcting unit; the forging supporting unit comprises an annular supporting steel plate 3, a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks 1 and a plurality of radial supporting sizing blocks 2, wherein the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate 3; the radial supporting sizing blocks 2 are uniformly distributed along the direction of the short shaft 5 of the super-large cylindrical forging; the forging piece shape correcting unit is used for correcting the shape of the super-large cylindrical forging piece.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 6 of the invention, the shape correction tool for the oversized cylindrical forging comprises a forging support unit and a forging shape correction unit; the heat treatment furnace comprises a forging supporting unit, a plurality of annular supporting steel plates 3, a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks 1 and a plurality of radial supporting sizing blocks 2, the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are arranged on the annular supporting steel plates 3 and are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plates 3, the radial supporting sizing blocks 2 are evenly distributed along the short shaft 5 direction of the ultra-large cylindrical forging and are used for hoisting the ultra-large cylindrical forging by using a crown block to enable the ultra-large cylindrical forging to be stably arranged on the annular supporting sizing blocks 1, each supporting part of the flat-packed solid forging is padded, the ultra-large cylindrical forging profile 4 is shown in figure 1 after arrangement, at the moment, the forging shape correcting unit is arranged on the radial supporting sizing blocks 2, and the shape correcting process is carried out on the ultra-large cylindrical forging.
In the prior art, the shape of an ultra-large cylindrical forging with the diameter of more than 7m cannot be corrected by the conventional press. The existing research utilizes the principle of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, a shaping tool is placed in the forge piece in a hot state, after the forge piece is cooled, the forge piece contracts, the shaping tool resists the contraction of the short shaft 5, and further the ellipse quantity of the forge piece is reduced. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the shape correcting unit is utilized to apply force to the direction of the minor axis 5 of the inner hole of the cylindrical forging, so that the radial direction of the cylindrical forging is elastically deformed, the minor axis 5 is extended, and the major axis is contracted, and the purpose of shape correction is achieved. And after the deformation reaches a preset target value, welding a connecting block in the force application direction of the shape correction unit to maintain the deformation, then removing the jack, adding a supporting block, and finally feeding the cylindrical forging and the shape correction tool into a furnace integrally for stress relief heat treatment to enable the cylindrical forging to reach permanent deformation and finish shape correction.
In order to accurately correct the super-large cylindrical forging, the super-large cylindrical forging tool further comprises a level gauge 7, wherein the level gauge 7 is used for detecting whether the heights of all the annular supporting sizing blocks 1 are the same; the level gauge 7 is arranged on the radial support sizing block 2 at the center of the furnace bottom 6 of the heat treatment furnace; the shape correcting unit comprises a first shape correcting sizing block 8 and a second shape correcting sizing block 9; the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 are both rectangular; the first end of the first correction sizing block 8 and the first end of the second correction sizing block 9 are both adjacent to the inner surface of the short shaft 5 of the super-large cylindrical forging, and the second end of the first correction sizing block 8 is adjacent to the second end of the second correction sizing block 9; an upper supporting steel plate 10 and a lower supporting steel plate 11 which are parallel to each other are arranged on the end face of the second end of the first sizing pad 8, and a hydraulic jack 12 is arranged in an accommodating space formed by the upper supporting steel plate 10 and the lower supporting steel plate 11.
Specifically, the radial support sizing block 2 comprises a first radial support sizing block, a second radial support sizing block and a third radial support sizing block, wherein the second radial support sizing block is positioned at the center of the bottom of the heat treatment furnace, when whether the heights of all the circumferential support sizing blocks 1 are consistent or not needs to be detected, a level meter is placed on the second radial support sizing block, if the heights of all the circumferential support sizing blocks 1 are the same, a level detection unit is removed, if the heights of all the circumferential support sizing blocks 1 are inconsistent, the highest circumferential support sizing block 1 is found out, the heights of other circumferential support sizing blocks 1 which need to be supplemented are recorded by taking the highest circumferential support sizing block 1 as a reference, the heights are supplemented to form an equal-height plane by using a steel sheet, and the level meter 7 is removed after the use; the shape correcting unit comprises a first shape correcting sizing block 8 and a second shape correcting sizing block 9, the first shape correcting sizing block 8 and the second shape correcting sizing block 9 are arranged on the radial supporting sizing block 2 along the short shaft 5 direction of the super-large cylindrical forging, the first end of the first shape correcting sizing block 8 and the first end of the second shape correcting sizing block 9 are both adjacent to the inner surface of the short shaft 5 of the super-large cylindrical forging, an upper supporting steel plate 10 and a lower supporting steel plate 11 which are parallel to each other are arranged on the end face of the second end of the first shape correcting sizing block 8, an accommodating space formed by the upper supporting steel plate 10 and the lower supporting steel plate 11 is used for accommodating a hydraulic jack 12, the hydraulic jack 12 is used as a force applying source to apply force to the direction of the inner hole short shaft 5 of the super-large cylindrical forging, so that the cylindrical forging is elastically deformed in the radial direction, the short shaft 5 is extended and the long shaft is contracted, and the purpose of shape correcting is achieved.
In the present application, the first sizing pad 8 and the second sizing pad 9 have a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the circumferential support pad 1 and the radial support pad 2 may have a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a cylindrical shape, or other shapes. Lifting lugs are arranged on the side faces of the first correction sizing block 8, the second correction sizing block 9, the annular support sizing block 1 and the radial support sizing block 2 so as to facilitate lifting and moving of the support sizing blocks and the correction sizing blocks.
It should be noted that the shape of the lifting lug is 7-shaped, and the shape of the lifting lug is 7-shaped, so that the chain can be guaranteed to be firmly hooked on the lifting lug, and the lifting of the first shape correcting sizing block 8, the second shape correcting sizing block 9, the annular supporting sizing block 1 and the radial supporting sizing block 2 is facilitated.
In order to prevent the inner hole of the super-large cylindrical forging from being indented in the shape correction process, arc-shaped thin steel plates are arranged on the end faces of the first end of the first shape correction sizing block 8 and the first end of the second shape correction sizing block 9, and the shapes of the arc-shaped thin steel plates are matched with the shape of the furnace wall of the heat treatment furnace, so that the inner hole of the super-large cylindrical forging is prevented from being indented in the shape correction process.
In order to keep the deformation of the super-large cylindrical forging, the shape correcting unit further comprises a plurality of supporting blocks and connecting blocks, after the super-large cylindrical forging is corrected, the connecting blocks are welded between the second correcting sizing block 9 and the upper layer supporting steel plate 10 and between the second correcting sizing block 9 and the lower layer supporting steel plate 11, and the supporting blocks are used for replacing the hydraulic jacks 12; the connecting block is used for fixing the size of the oversized forging after shape correction.
The shape of the heat treatment furnace used in the present invention is not limited to a circular shape, and a heat treatment furnace having another shape or a gas furnace having a circular, rectangular or other shape may be used. If a heat treatment furnace with other shapes is adopted, the shapes of the supporting steel plates, the annular supporting sizing block 1, the radial supporting sizing block 2, the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 can be properly adjusted according to actual conditions.
According to the invention, the number and the positions of the annular supporting sizing block 1 and the radial supporting sizing block 2 can be adjusted according to the diameter of the super-large cylindrical forging, the sizes of the first correction sizing block 8, the second correction sizing block 9 and the arc steel plate are changed, and the accurate correction of the super-large cylindrical forgings with different diameters is realized.
The diameter range of the super-large cylindrical forging piece is 7.0-11.5 m; the weight of the super large cylindrical forging is more than 100 tons. The diameter of the super-large cylindrical forging is determined by the capacity of forming equipment and the size of heat treatment equipment, the forming equipment determines the diameter of the manufactured forging, and the heat treatment equipment determines the stress relief of the forging with the large diameter. The height sizes of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 can be changed, the number of hydraulic jacks 12 can be increased and the like according to the actual deformation condition of the super-large cylindrical forging, and the accurate correction of the super-large cylindrical forging within different height ranges can be realized.
The width and the height of the first correction sizing block 8 are the same as those of the second correction sizing block 9, the lengths of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 are different, the width and the height of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 are at least larger than the outline size of the hydraulic jack 12, for a 500-ton hydraulic jack 12 adopted by the invention, the width of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 is at least 400mm, the height of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 is at least 700mm, but the larger the width and the height, the larger the required correction force is, and the larger the capacity requirement is on the hydraulic jack 12.
According to the invention, the shapes and sizes of the two ends of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 can be changed according to the actual shape and size of the forging, so that the accurate correction of the oversized hollow forging with different diameters and variable diameters can be realized. It should be noted that, in order to realize the shape correction of the hollow forging with variable diameter, the end faces of the first ends of the first shape correction sizing block 8 and the second shape correction sizing block 9 may be processed into a desired shape, and a support block with a desired shape may also be added on the first end face side.
In order to ensure the universality of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9, a supporting block which is attached to the shape of the inner surface of the short shaft 5 of the oversized cylindrical forging is added when the variable-diameter forging is corrected; for example, as shown in fig. 7, a first supporting block 16, a second supporting block 17 and a third supporting block 18 are respectively arranged on the inner surfaces of the two ends of the short shaft 5 of the super-large cylindrical forging piece with the variable diameter, the first supporting block 16, the second supporting block 17 and the third supporting block 18 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and the edges of the first supporting block 16, the second supporting block 17 and the third supporting block 18 are attached to the inner surface of the short shaft 5 of the super-large cylindrical forging piece with the variable diameter; for other oversized cylindrical forgings with other sizes, the size of the sizing block is prevented from being redesigned by changing the size and the number of the supporting blocks, so that the universality of the first sizing block 8 and the second sizing block 9 is increased, and the sizing tool is suitable for various oversized cylindrical forgings with variable diameters.
The heat treatment furnace is a circular large heat treatment furnace, and in order to load workpieces, the furnace bottom and the furnace shell can move relatively; when there is no circular heat treatment furnace, it can adopt electric furnace with other shape such as rectangle, etc. or gas furnace with circular, rectangle or other shape. If a heat treatment furnace with other shapes is adopted, the placing positions of the annular sizing block and the radial support sizing block can be properly adjusted according to the actual situation.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for correcting a super-large cylindrical forging, which adopts the correction tool for the super-large cylindrical forging provided by the embodiment 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
respectively placing a first correction sizing block 8 and a second correction sizing block 9 on different radial support sizing blocks 2; a large-tonnage hydraulic jack 12(500 tons) is arranged between an upper supporting steel plate 10 and a lower supporting steel plate 11 of the first sizing pad 8, and the sizing process is carried out.
The shape correction process comprises the following steps: pressurizing by using a hydraulic jack 12 to enable the first ends of the first correction sizing block 8 and the second correction sizing block 9 to be in contact with the cylinder wall of the super-large cylindrical forging; and (3) gradually pressurizing, maintaining the pressure for 101 +/-min each time, and then measuring the long axis dimension of the forge piece until the expected deformation is reached.
Pressurizing the hydraulic jack 12 to 10MPa +/-0.5 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts 5 of the forge piece; pressurizing the hydraulic jack 12 to 20MPa +/-0.5 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts 5 of the forge piece;
pressing the hydraulic jack 12 to 30MPa +/-0.5 MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts 5 of the forged piece; gradually pressurizing, and maintaining the pressure for 10min +/-1 min; and after the hydraulic jack 12 is pressurized to 60MPa +/-0.5 MPa, the stroke required by the expected deformation is reached, the pressurization is stopped, the pressure is maintained for 10min +/-1 min, and the actual deformation of the forge piece is detected.
and 7, performing stress relief heat treatment, and removing the shape correction tool.
In the step 7, the stress relief heat treatment process includes: the super large cylindrical forging is insulated for 4-4.5h at the temperature of 250-300 ℃ (such as 260 ℃/h and 280 ℃/h); then the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is increased to 500-540 ℃ (520 ℃/h and 530 ℃/h for example) at the speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h (50 ℃/h and 45 ℃/h), and the temperature is kept for 2-2.5 h; then raising the temperature of the heat treatment furnace to 550-600 ℃ (for example, 560 ℃/h, 580 ℃/h) at a speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h (for example, 50 ℃/h, 45 ℃/h), and preserving the temperature for 9-9.5 h; finally, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is reduced to 350 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the shape correction tool for the oversized cylindrical forging provided in embodiment 1 and the shape correction method for the oversized cylindrical forging provided in embodiment 2 are used, and the hydraulic jack 12 is used to perform precise shape correction on the deformed oversized cylindrical forging.
Taking a certain super-large cylindrical forging as an example, after the super-large cylindrical forging is deformed, the size of the long axis of an inner hole is phi 8418mm, the size of the short axis 5 is phi 8322mm, the height is about 2170mm, the thickness is 334mm, and the weight is about 155 t. The delivery size of the inner hole of the forge piece is phi 8400mm, the target size of the long axis of the corrected inner hole is phi 8390mm, and the single side has 5mm allowance; the specific correction process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, 4 angles are selected in the circumferential direction and 3 sections are selected in the height direction in the example, the size of the inner hole of the forging is measured, and the specific size before shape correction is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 inner hole sizes in different directions before correction
From the scale data, the dimensions of the second cross section 14 and the third cross section 15 can satisfy the requirement of the delivery diagram, and the dimensions of the first cross section 13 can not satisfy the requirement of the delivery diagram. In order to meet the requirement of finish machining size, a single side has 5mm allowance, the range near the section 1 needs to be corrected, and the target value of the size of the inner hole after correction is phi 8390 mm.
Marking the major axis and minor axis 5 orientation of the super-large cylindrical forging on the inner and outer surfaces, placing the end of the super-large cylindrical forging needing to be corrected downwards, and simultaneously turning the minor axis 5 orientation of the super-large cylindrical forging to the correction orientation as shown in figure 1;
hoisting the oversized cylindrical forged piece by using a crown block and stably placing the oversized cylindrical forged piece on the annular supporting sizing block 1, and checking and leveling each supporting part of the solid forged piece; respectively placing a first correction sizing block 8 and a second correction sizing block 9 on different radial support sizing blocks 2; and a 500-ton hydraulic jack 12 is placed between the upper layer supporting steel plate 10 and the lower layer supporting steel plate 11 of the first sizing block 8, and the sizing process is carried out.
The shape correction process comprises the following steps: firstly, slowly pressurizing by a hydraulic jack 12 to eliminate an assembly gap and make an internal support contact with the cylinder wall of the oversized cylindrical forging; pressurizing the hydraulic jack 12 to 10MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, and detecting the deformation of the section length and the short shaft 5 of the cylinder; thirdly, pressurizing the hydraulic jack 12 to 20MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, and detecting the deformation of the section length and the minor axis 5 of the cylinder; pressurizing the hydraulic jack 12 to 30MPa, maintaining the pressure for 10min, and detecting the deformation of the long shaft and the short shaft of the cylinder section 5. Gradually pressurizing and maintaining the pressure for 10 min. And sixthly, after the hydraulic jack 12 is pressurized to 60MPa, the stroke required by the expected deformation is reached, the pressurization is stopped, the pressure is maintained for 10min, and the actual deformation of the forge piece is detected.
and 7, performing stress relief heat treatment, and removing the shape correction tool after the heat treatment.
Stress relief heat treatment is performed, and the method of the stress relief heat treatment is shown in fig. 5: the workpiece is subjected to heat preservation for 4 hours at the temperature of 250-300 ℃; then raising the temperature of the heat treatment furnace to 510-530 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 2 h; then raising the temperature of the heat treatment furnace to 570-590 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 9 h; finally, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is reduced to 350 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and the mixture is discharged from the furnace and cooled in air; when the temperature is cooled to room temperature, the shape correcting tool is removed; and detecting the size of the inner hole of the forging again.
The dimensions of the inner hole of the forged piece after shape correction are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 inner hole sizes in different directions after correction
According to the data of the gauge, the sizes of all the sections after the shape correction meet the requirements of finish machining, and the minimum size of the inner hole has 4mm machining allowance.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The shape correcting tool for the oversized cylindrical forge piece is characterized by being arranged in a heat treatment furnace; the shape correcting tool comprises a forge piece supporting unit and a forge piece shape correcting unit; the forging supporting unit is arranged below the super-large cylindrical forging;
the forging piece supporting unit comprises an annular supporting steel plate, a plurality of annular supporting sizing blocks and a plurality of radial supporting sizing blocks, wherein the annular supporting sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular supporting steel plate; the radial support sizing blocks are uniformly distributed along the short axis direction of the super-large cylindrical forging;
the forging piece shape correcting unit is positioned above the radial support sizing block in the super-large cylindrical forging piece; the forging piece shape correcting unit is used for correcting the shape of the super-large cylindrical forging piece.
2. The sizing tool for the oversized cylindrical forging piece according to claim 1, wherein the sizing tool for the oversized cylindrical forging piece further comprises a level meter;
the gradienter is arranged on a radial support sizing block at the center of the heat treatment furnace; the gradienter is used for detecting whether the heights of the circumferential support sizing blocks are the same;
the forging correction unit comprises a first correction sizing block and a second correction sizing block; the first correction sizing block and the second correction sizing block are both cuboid;
the first end of the first correction sizing block and the first end of the second correction sizing block are adjacent to the inner surface of the super-large cylindrical forging; the second end of the first correction sizing block is adjacent to the second end of the second correction sizing block; and an upper supporting steel plate and a lower supporting steel plate which are parallel to each other are arranged on the end face of the second end of the first sizing block, and a hydraulic jack is arranged in an accommodating space formed by the upper supporting steel plate and the lower supporting steel plate.
3. The sizing tool for the oversized cylindrical forging piece according to claim 2, wherein arc-shaped thin steel plates are arranged on the end faces of the first end of the first sizing pad and the first end of the second sizing pad, and the arc-shaped thin steel plates are used for preventing the inner hole of the forging piece from being indented in the sizing process.
4. The sizing tool of the oversized cylindrical forging piece according to claim 3, wherein,
the shape correcting unit further comprises a plurality of supporting blocks and connecting blocks, after the super-large cylindrical forging piece is corrected, the connecting blocks are welded between the second correcting sizing block and the upper layer of supporting steel plate and between the second correcting sizing block and the lower layer of supporting steel plate, and the supporting blocks are used for replacing hydraulic jacks to support the super-large cylindrical forging piece;
the connecting block is used for fixing the size of the oversized forging after being corrected.
5. A correction method of an ultra-large cylindrical forging is characterized in that the correction tool of the ultra-large cylindrical forging of claims 1 to 4 is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, before furnace charging, measuring the size of the super-large cylindrical forging piece, determining a long shaft and a short shaft of the super-large cylindrical forging piece, and marking the azimuth of the long shaft and the azimuth of the short shaft on the inner surface and the outer surface of the super-large cylindrical forging piece;
step 2, placing an annular supporting steel plate on the heat treatment furnace during furnace charging, uniformly distributing annular supporting sizing blocks on the annular supporting steel plate, and placing radial supporting sizing blocks in the short axis direction of the super-large cylindrical forging piece; placing a level gauge on a radial support sizing block at the center of the bottom of the heat treatment furnace;
step 3, detecting the heights of all the annular supporting sizing blocks by using a level meter, if the heights of the annular supporting sizing blocks are consistent, removing the level meter, and placing the super-large cylindrical forging on the annular supporting sizing blocks;
step 4, utilizing a shape correcting unit to correct the shape of the super-large cylindrical forging;
step 5, welding connecting blocks between the upper layer of supporting steel plate and the second correcting sizing block and between the lower layer of supporting steel plate and the second correcting sizing block;
step 6, removing the hydraulic jack, and placing a supporting block at the position of the original hydraulic jack;
and 7, performing stress relief heat treatment, and removing the shape correction tool after the heat treatment.
6. The method of sizing a super large cylindrical forging of claim 5, wherein in step 4, a first sizing pad and a second sizing pad are placed on a radial support pad; and placing a hydraulic jack in an accommodating space formed by the upper supporting steel plate and the lower supporting steel plate of the first sizing block, and implementing a sizing process.
7. The method for sizing a super large cylindrical forging according to claim 6, wherein in the step 4, the sizing process is as follows: pressurizing by using a hydraulic jack to enable the first ends of the first correction sizing block and the second correction sizing block to be in contact with the cylinder wall of the super-large cylindrical forging; and gradually pressurizing, maintaining the pressure for 10min +/-1 min each time, and then measuring the long axis dimension of the super-large cylindrical forging until the expected deformation is reached.
8. The method for sizing the ultra-large cylindrical forging according to claim 7, wherein in the step 4, the hydraulic jack is pressurized to 10 +/-0.5 MPa, the pressure is maintained for 10 +/-1 min, and the deformation of the long and short axes of the forging is detected; pressurizing to 20 +/-0.5 MPa by using a hydraulic jack, maintaining the pressure for 10 +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts of the forge piece;
pressurizing to 30 +/-0.5 MPa by using a hydraulic jack, maintaining the pressure for 10 +/-1 min, and detecting the deformation of the long and short shafts of the forge piece; gradually pressurizing, and keeping the pressure for 10 +/-1 min; after the hydraulic jack is pressurized to 60 +/-0.5 MPa, the stroke required by the expected deformation is reached, the pressurization is stopped, the pressure is maintained for 10 +/-1 min, and the actual deformation of the forge piece is detected.
9. The method of sizing a super large cylindrical forging of claim 5, wherein in said step 7, said stress relief heat treatment is performed by: the super large cylindrical forging is subjected to heat preservation for 4-4.5h at the temperature of 250-300 ℃; then raising the temperature of the heat treatment furnace to 500-540 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and preserving the heat for 2-2.5 h; then raising the temperature of the heat treatment furnace to 550-600 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 9-9.5 h; finally, the temperature of the heat treatment furnace is reduced to 350 ℃ at the speed of less than or equal to 55 ℃/h, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
10. The method for sizing a super large cylindrical forging according to claim 5, wherein in the step 3, if the heights of the circumferential support sizing blocks are not consistent, the highest circumferential support sizing block is found out and used as a reference, the heights of other circumferential support sizing blocks to be filled are recorded, and the heights are filled by thin steel plates.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110183469.3A CN114904938A (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Sizing tool and sizing method for super-large cylindrical forging |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110183469.3A CN114904938A (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Sizing tool and sizing method for super-large cylindrical forging |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114904938A true CN114904938A (en) | 2022-08-16 |
Family
ID=82761187
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110183469.3A Pending CN114904938A (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2021-02-10 | Sizing tool and sizing method for super-large cylindrical forging |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114904938A (en) |
-
2021
- 2021-02-10 CN CN202110183469.3A patent/CN114904938A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2879808C (en) | Press-forming tool and method for manufacturing press-formed product | |
| US11376643B2 (en) | Aluminum alloy wheel shape-correcting equipment | |
| CN116274844B (en) | Fixing device for forging automobile hub | |
| CN114904938A (en) | Sizing tool and sizing method for super-large cylindrical forging | |
| CN111922168A (en) | Precision forming method for large thin-wall storage box shell | |
| CN109334085B (en) | Method for testing eccentric load of press | |
| CN114990314B (en) | Heat treatment anti-deformation tool and anti-deformation method for oversized cylindrical forging | |
| CN109321721B (en) | Normalizing processing method and hoisting tool for flat-bottom end socket | |
| US4372144A (en) | Wrap ring assembly for precision no-draft forging | |
| CN114908236A (en) | Deformation-preventing tool and deformation-preventing method for heat treatment of oversized cake-shaped forge piece | |
| CN213447223U (en) | High-rigidity platform for heat treatment of large thin-wall light alloy castings | |
| CN111394564A (en) | High-rigidity platform for heat treatment of large thin-wall light alloy castings and use method thereof | |
| EP2540412B1 (en) | Forging die stack with distributed loading and method of forging | |
| CN111203455A (en) | Method for leveling titanium alloy plate | |
| CN109910354B (en) | Press machine | |
| CN113426853B (en) | Shape correction method for structural forging | |
| KR101676362B1 (en) | Carriage and equipment for forming curved plate having the same | |
| CN217149256U (en) | Large-scale pressure vessel shape thermal treatment support of preapring for an unfavorable turn of events | |
| CN214748819U (en) | Large-scale chevron-shaped lifting hook loading test equipment | |
| CN117548913A (en) | Horizontal flange leveling method and horizontal flange leveling device | |
| CN216881155U (en) | Adjustable cylindrical shell section and end socket rounding tool | |
| CN114178557B (en) | Cylindrical skin processing method | |
| CN115261601A (en) | Deformation control method for outer ring of conical bearing | |
| CN111054866B (en) | Forging method for improving internal quality of forging material with ultimate specification produced by continuous casting billet | |
| CN213915551U (en) | Frock is rectified in car front axle distortion |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |