CN114990304B - Intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress control method based on stress control - Google Patents
Intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress control method based on stress control Download PDFInfo
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- CN114990304B CN114990304B CN202210633180.1A CN202210633180A CN114990304B CN 114990304 B CN114990304 B CN 114990304B CN 202210633180 A CN202210633180 A CN 202210633180A CN 114990304 B CN114990304 B CN 114990304B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 58
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress control method based on stress control. The invention can reduce residual stress and obtain high-strength and high-toughness materials or parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quenching residual stress control method of a metal material, in particular to an intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress control method based on stress control.
Background
The engineering machinery is an important component part of the machinery industry, along with the development of the engineering machinery, the strength grade of steel is higher and higher, the steel is continuously developed to the high strength and high toughness direction, and the steel for the engineering machinery with the grades of 700, 800, 1000, 1300MPa and above is continuously introduced to the market. From the reinforcing mechanism of the material, most engineering machinery steel adopts a low alloy content component system in order to reduce the material cost and ensure the welding performance, and the toughness of the material is improved by controlling rolling, rapid cooling, grain refinement and precipitation. In the rapid cooling process, temperature stress and tissue phase change interact to introduce high-amplitude residual stress into the material, so that flatness problem in the material preparation process and distortion caused by residual stress release in the material use process become common bottleneck problems for restricting the development of the basic material.
However, in the field of residual stress research and application, the prior art is mainly focused on the fields of residual stress characterization and finite element calculation, and the cooling uniformity between the surface of a material and a cooling medium is improved by controlling a film boiling region in a quenching process, replacing the cooling medium and other means, so that the quenching residual stress is improved. Because the technology can not fundamentally change the uneven deformation in the material in the quenching phase change process, the generation of the phase change residual stress in the quenching process can not be truly controlled, and the quenching residual stress is always a key technical bottleneck for restricting the quality improvement of products in the domestic and foreign material manufacturing industries and the machining industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress control method based on stress control, which can reduce residual stress and obtain high-strength and high-toughness materials or parts.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress control method based on stress control changes the transformation plastic strain generated in the material or part transformation process by adopting a stress intervention mode in the material or part transformation process, so as to improve the quenching residual stress.
Further, according to the time point t when the surface of the material or part starts to change phase 1 And a point in time t at which the core phase transition is completed 2 Dividing the quenching continuous cooling process into three stages, straightening the material or the part in the second stage of stress formation, namely the surface phase transition leading stage, wherein the pressing depth of a straightener is k, and the core of the straightened material or part generates plastic strainTo counteract the plastic strain caused by the surface phase transition>In the formula->Expansion strain for phase change generated by phase change of the surface of the second stage, +.>For the phase transformation plastic strain generated by the phase transformation of the surface of the second stage, the core stress of the second stage is reduced>Thereby reducing the phase transition plastic strain of the third phase, i.e. the core phase transition leading phase +.>The residual stress level in the quenched material or part is reduced.
Further, the setting principle of the pressing depth k is as follows: maximum elongation of material or part surface after straighteningδ≤。
Further, the straightening processing starting point is the starting point of the second stage of stress formation, and the straightening processing ending point is the ending point of the third stage of stress formation.
Further, according to the dynamic CCT curve, heat exchange coefficient, heat conductivity coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus of the material or the part, calculating the time t for starting phase change of the surface of the material or the part by adopting finite element analysis 1 Core phase transition end time t 2 。
Further, the method is suitable for continuous cooling process and quenching process of hot rolled medium plate and hot rolled strip steel.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the essence of the residual stress is uneven plastic deformation in the material, and three types of plastic strains are generated in the material in the quenching process, namely, phase-change expansion strain, phase-change plastic strain and traditional plastic strain, wherein the phase-change expansion strain and the phase-change plastic strain are the plastic strains which are necessarily present when the material is subjected to phase change, and the traditional plastic strain only occurs when the external stress exceeds the yield limit of the material, so that the final residual stress of most of the metal materials with phase change is determined by the phase-change expansion strain and the phase-change plastic strain; in the phase change process of the material, the formation of residual stress comprises three stages, namely a thermal stress leading stage, a phase change leading stage of a phase change area and a phase change leading stage of a phase change area, wherein the three stress forming stages are mutually cascaded, the stress of the former stage influences the stress distribution of the latter stage by changing the initial phase change plastic strain of the latter stage, and the final stress distribution in the material is determined by the magnitude of the phase change plastic strain generated by the latter phase change area; based on the analysis and judgment, the quenching residual stress regulation method provided by the invention controls the final residual stress distribution in the material by controlling the post-phase transformation area phase transformation plastic strain, and experiments prove that the residual stress can be reduced, and the high-strength and high-toughness material or part is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing formation of residual stress in quenching in the examples of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the phase change start time of a core material in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of stress intervention in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the residual stress distribution in the thickness direction of the strip steel at the front and rear edges of the stress control in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The essence of the residual stress is uneven plastic deformation in the material, and three types of plastic strains are generated in the material in the quenching process, namely, phase-change expansion strain, phase-change plastic strain and traditional plastic strain, wherein the phase-change expansion strain and the phase-change plastic strain are the plastic strains which are necessarily present when the material is subjected to phase change, and the traditional plastic strain only occurs when the external stress exceeds the yield limit of the material, so that the final residual stress of most of the metal materials with phase change is determined by the phase-change expansion strain and the phase-change plastic strain; in the phase change process of the material, the formation of residual stress comprises three stages, namely a thermal stress leading stage, a phase change leading stage of a phase change area and a phase change leading stage of a phase change area, wherein the three stress forming stages are mutually cascaded, the stress of the former stage influences the stress distribution of the latter stage by changing the initial phase change plastic strain of the latter stage, and the final stress distribution in the material is determined by the magnitude of the phase change plastic strain generated by the latter phase change area.
Examples
Based on the analysis and judgment, the quenching residual stress regulation method provided by the invention controls the final residual stress distribution in the material by controlling the post-transformation area transformation plastic strain, takes a martensitic structure material as an example, adopts the method to regulate the residual stress, the quenching residual stress is formed as shown in figure 1,expansion strain for phase change induced by surface phase change, < >>For the phase transformation plastic strain produced by the surface phase transformation, +.>Expansion strain for phase change induced by core phase change, +.>The phase transformation plastic strain generated for the core phase transformation specifically comprises the following steps:
the first step: as shown in fig. 2, according to the dynamic CCT curve, heat exchange coefficient, heat conductivity coefficient, thermal expansion coefficient and elastic modulus of the material, the time t for starting phase change of the surface of the material is calculated by adopting finite element analysis software 1 (6.8 s in this embodiment) and core phase transition end time t 2 (9.44 s in this embodiment);
and a second step of: as shown in fig. 3, a point in time t is when the phase change starts from the surface 1 Firstly, bending and straightening the steel plate;
and a third step of: the setting of the roll depth in the straightening process is in accordance with the following principle: the maximum elongation rate generated in the straightening process is less than or equal to that in the second stage, namely the surface phase transition leading stage, and the generated plastic strain, namely delta is less than or equal to that in the second stageIn the formula->Expansion strain for phase change generated by phase change of the surface of the second stage, +.>The phase transformation plastic strain generated by the phase transformation of the surface of the second stage is used for directly acting the stress generated in the straightening process on the core part of the steel plate to generate positive plastic strain, so that the core stress of the steel plate of the second stage is weakened;
fourth step: core phase transition with low phase transition plastic strain, reducing second stage core stressThe direct effect of the force is to reduce the plastic strain of the phase transition generated by the core material in the third phase-core phase transition dominant phaseThe non-uniform plastic strain in the phase change process is improved, and the final residual stress state of the steel plate is further improved;
fifth step: air cooling or coiling.
As shown in fig. 4, the residual stress distribution in the thickness direction of the strip steel is shown before and after the regulation of the residual stress, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the residual stress before the application of the method is 218 MPa, 89 MPa after the application is carried out, the residual stress is reduced by 59.2%, and experiments prove that the residual stress can be reduced, and the high-strength and high-toughness material or part is obtained.
When the experimental material is replaced, the time point of starting phase transformation and the time point of ending phase transformation on the surface of the material in the continuous cooling process are recalculated according to the dynamic CCT curve and the thermophysical parameter data of the material, and then the indentation depth of the straightener is recalculated according to the thickness of the steel plate, the yield strength and the plastic strain generated by the phase transformation on the surface of the steel plate.
It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (3)
1. The intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress control method based on stress control is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the phase transformation plastic strain generated in the phase transformation process of the material or the part is changed in a stress intervention mode, so that the quenching residual stress is improved;
according to the point in time t at which the surface of the material or part begins to phase change 1 And a point in time t at which the core phase transition is completed 2 Dividing the quenching continuous cooling process into three stages, straightening the material or the part in the second stage of stress formation, namely the surface phase transition leading stage, wherein the pressing depth of a straightener is k, and the core of the straightened material or part generates plasticSexual strainTo counteract the plastic strain caused by the surface phase transition>In the formula->Expansion strain for phase change generated by phase change of the surface of the second stage, +.>For the phase transformation plastic strain generated by the phase transformation of the surface of the second stage, the core stress of the second stage is reduced>Thereby reducing the phase transition plastic strain of the third phase, i.e. the core phase transition leading phase +.>Reducing the residual stress level in the quenched material or part;
the setting principle of the pressing depth k is as follows: after straightening, the maximum extensibility delta generated on the surface of the material or the part is less than or equal to；
The straightening processing starting point is the starting point of the second stage of stress formation, and the straightening processing ending point is the ending point of the third stage of stress formation.
2. The method for controlling the intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress based on stress control according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: calculating time t for starting phase change of the surface of a material or part by adopting finite element analysis according to a dynamic CCT curve, a heat exchange coefficient, a heat conduction coefficient, a thermal expansion coefficient and an elastic modulus of the material or part 1 Core phase transition end time t 2 。
3. The method for controlling the intrinsic strain reconstruction and quenching residual stress based on stress control according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method is suitable for continuous cooling process and quenching process of hot-rolled medium plate and hot-rolled strip steel.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09268316A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1997-10-14 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | Method for tempering steel |
| CN101844162A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-09-29 | 首钢总公司 | Method for removing residual stress of hot-rolling high-strength steel |
| CN109609843A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-12 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Think gauge wear-resisting steel plate and preparation method thereof in a kind of low residual stress |
| CN110527809A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-03 | 武汉科技大学 | Reduce the hot-rolled high-strength strip preparation method of residual stress |
| CN113617843A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-09 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating residual stress of hot-rolled strip steel at high temperature |
-
2022
- 2022-06-06 CN CN202210633180.1A patent/CN114990304B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09268316A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1997-10-14 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | Method for tempering steel |
| CN101844162A (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-09-29 | 首钢总公司 | Method for removing residual stress of hot-rolling high-strength steel |
| CN109609843A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-12 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Think gauge wear-resisting steel plate and preparation method thereof in a kind of low residual stress |
| CN110527809A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-03 | 武汉科技大学 | Reduce the hot-rolled high-strength strip preparation method of residual stress |
| CN113617843A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-11-09 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for eliminating residual stress of hot-rolled strip steel at high temperature |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 热轧高强钢残余应力调控技术的研究现状及展望;丁文红等;《轧钢》;第第39卷卷(第第2期期);第1-12页 * |
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