CN114989248A - 一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽及其制备方法和应用,属于生物技术领域。所述忧遁草多肽序列的氨基酸序列为DKFEDNLYSAH,分子量为1338.2 Da。所述忧遁草多肽是以忧遁草为原料,采用超声辅助碱溶酸沉法获取忧遁草粗蛋白,再经分离纯化、鉴定、Fmoc固相合成得到的。试验证明,本发明所述忧遁草多肽具有很好的抗炎活性及抗氧化活性,具有很好的应用潜力和价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽及其制备方法和应用,属于生物技术领域。
背景技术
自由基是具有未配对电子的原子或原子团,是人体新陈代谢的中间产物。机体自由基以活性氧自由基(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)为主,还包括部分活性氮自由基(Reactive nitrogenspecies,RNS)。在正常情况下,机体产生的ROS 能被自身的抗氧化酶系统(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等)以及内源性抗氧化剂(VE、VC、肌肽、谷胱甘肽等)作用下维持在较低的水平,保护机体不受自由基的伤害。当内源性或外源性刺激促使机体代谢异常而产生大量ROS,或随着年龄的增长,机体的抗氧化物与氧化剂之间的平衡失常时,就会导致氧化应激,过量ROS会破坏机体正常的氧化还原平衡,造成细胞内生物大分子如蛋白质、脂质、DNA等的氧化损伤,从而加速机体衰老,引发神经退行性疾病、动脉粥样硬化﹑慢性炎症、癌症等多种疾病。因此,我们需要寻求外源性抗氧化剂来清除体内过多的自由基,以维持机体的健康。抗氧化剂可以有效抑制人体内氧化应激所带来的负面影响。生物活性肽,是分子结构介于氨基酸和蛋白质之间的一类化合物,可以调节机体新陈代谢并参与生命活动。具有抗氧化活性的生物活性肽又被称为抗氧化肽。抗氧化活性多肽由于具有低毒、易吸收、高效等特点,被认为是人工合成抗氧化剂的理想替代者,抗氧化肽能有效地清除体内过剩的ROS(如羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、一氧化氮自由基等),保护细胞和线粒体的正常结构和功能,防止脂质过氧化的发生,帮助机体抵御疾病。人们对抗氧化肽的研究范围比较广泛,它们均已表现出稳定、安全、有效的抗氧化、抗衰老功能。天然还原肽可以降低与氧化、衰老等相关疾病的发生几率,因此,常被用于防衰老保健食品和药妆品的研究和开发。
炎症是机体受致炎因子损伤后而产生的一系列以防御为主的生理性或病理性应答反应,是机体天然免疫的重要组成部分。当机体免疫耐受遭受破坏时,会激活相关免疫细胞,如巨噬细胞,使其释放花生四烯酸﹑细胞因子、前列腺素﹑组胺等炎性介质。其自身的吞噬能力也增强,能够杀灭和消化机体内抗原性异物。炎性介质通过激活细胞内外炎症信号通路,刺激免疫细胞分泌过量的IL-6、TNF-a、IL-13等促炎细胞因子,这使得机体内促炎细胞因子和抑炎细胞因子不平衡,而促炎细胞因子又会促进细胞炎症反应。长时间的炎症反应可能会引发许多疾病,例如癌症、多发性硬化、动脉粥样硬化、关节炎、心脏疾病﹑胰岛素抵抗等。因此,研究抑制炎症介质的过度产生是治疗这些疾病的有力策略。近年来,国内外诸多研究证实了食源性蛋白质水解物和多肽在细胞和动物水平均具有良好的抗炎作用,这为研究开发新型安全抗炎药物提供了很好的方向和途径。食源性抗炎肽由2个或多个氨基酸组成,来源于可食用性蛋白质的一类小分子肽。通常,这些肽在完整的蛋白质结构中不表现其生物活性,必须通过酶解或者酸碱等极端条件释放出来才发挥特定活性。这种小分子肽通过胞吞或者肽运输载体很容易进入细胞,并且与细胞膜上的相关免疫受体结合起到调节炎症作用。天然抗炎活性肽具有高效、低毒、无污染等特点,在畜牧、养殖、食品及药品中都有广泛的应用前景。应用生物活性多肽作为药物、疫苗、导向药物、诊断试剂﹑酶抑制剂及药物先导化合物等具有广泛的理论和应用价值。
忧遁草,别名鳄嘴花,是爵床科鳄嘴花属植物。忧遁草广泛分布于华南热带至马来西亚、爪哇、加里曼丹及我国海南、广东、广西和云南等地。忧遁草是一种高大草本植物,呈直立或攀援状,茎圆柱状、干时呈淡绿色。忧遁草一般以全株或叶片入药,味甘、微苦,性凉,具有清热利湿、利尿消肿、活血疏经、除湿、抗肿瘤等功效。经查阅相关文献发现,国内外对其化学成分及药理活性的研究报道较少。其含有丰富的化学成分,如三萜类,黄酮碳苷类,含硫糖苷类,植物甾醇类和脱镁叶绿素等,这些成分大部分已被现代药理研究证实对肿瘤有一定的抑制作用,而对忧遁草的蛋白及多肽的研究很少。多肽的分离纯化和功能研究对于植物的综合开发、科学研究以及食品﹑药物等领域应用中均具有重要作用。而且目前开发天然抗氧化保健食品和天然抗氧化剂成为现代生命的科学热点。因此,有必要对其进行深入系统研究,以忧遁草研究对象,进行忧遁草多肽的制备及抗氧化活性的探讨,对于忧遁草的综合开发和利用提供重要的科学依据。本发明产品分子量1338.2 Da,能够清除自由基,是一种安全的抗氧化与抗炎多肽。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽及其制备方法和应用,所述忧遁草多肽可以应用于制备具有抗炎功能和抗氧化功能的保健品、药品、食品或化妆品。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明首先提供了一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽,所述忧遁草多肽的氨基酸序列为:Asp-Lys-Phe-Glu-Asp-Asn-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Ala-His,用单字母表示为DKFEDNLYSAH。
本发明还提供了一种以忧遁草为原料制备上述忧遁草多肽的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)将忧遁草粉碎,按料液比1:10 m/v加入蒸馏水,于25℃超声提取35 min,随后过滤,收集滤液;
2)将步骤1)所述滤液用碱调节剂(1 mol/L NaOH)调节至pH值为8.0,室温下搅拌30 min后离心,收集上清液;
3)将步骤2)所述上清液用酸调节剂(1 mol/L HCl)调节至pH值为3.0,随后离心,收集沉淀;
4)将步骤3)所述沉淀溶解于Tris-盐酸缓冲液(pH=8.4)后用截留分子量3500 D的透析袋在去离子水中进行透析,冷冻干燥得到忧遁草粗蛋白;
5)将步骤4)所述忧遁草粗蛋白溶解于Tris-盐酸缓冲液(pH=8.4)后进行DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析,洗脱液为含0.2~1 M NaCl的Tris-盐酸缓冲液(pH=8.4),流速1mL/min,利用层析图谱采集分析仪获得经DEAE-Sepharose分离纯化后产物的峰图,收集具有最高抗氧化活性的组分CNPH-Ⅲ;
6)利用反相高效液相色谱RP-HPLC对步骤5)所述CNPH-Ⅲ进行二级色谱分离纯化,色谱柱为Thermo C18色谱柱,214 nm下检测,进样量为20 μL,进样浓度为10 mg/mL,流动相流速1 mL/min,流动相A为含0.1%TFA的乙腈,流动相B为含0.1%TFA的去离子水,洗脱梯度为:0-5 min,5%-10%A;5-15 min,10%-50%A;15-35 min,50%-80%A,收集洗脱时间为3-4 min的洗脱峰CNPH-Ⅲ-2,真空冷冻干燥后保存于-80℃;
7)采用液相色谱质谱联用仪对步骤6)所述洗脱峰CNPH-Ⅲ-2所包含的肽段进行氨基酸序列测定,对测定得到的氨基酸序列进行Fmoc固相合成,从而得所述忧遁草多肽。
本发明还提供了上述一种忧遁草多肽在制备具有抗炎功能的食品、保健品、化妆品或药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了上述一种忧遁草多肽在制备具有抗氧化功能的食品、保健品、化妆品或药物中的应用。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供了一种新的忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH,其具有较强的DPPH、OH、ABTS 自由基清除能力,表明其在抗氧化活性开发和应用方面有重要价值。当该肽浓度达到2 mg/mL时,其DPPH,ABTS,羟基自由基清除率分别为:45.215±0.687%,86.674±0.915%,10.458±0.261%。该忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH对DPPH自由基清除率的IC50值为3.307±0.25 mg/mL,对ABTS自由基清除率的IC50值为45.495±0.479 μg/mL,对羟基自由基清除率的IC50值为18.232±1.5 mg/mL。
此外,忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH在小于2.0 mg/mL浓度范围内对RAW细胞无毒性作用,且具有保护RAW免受炎症损伤的作用。RAW细胞经0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH处理24小时后,正常细胞比例相较于多肽处理组没有明显变化。充分表明忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH在浓度0-2.0 mg/mL时,对RAW细胞没有毒害作用。设置对照组损伤组与加药组,损伤组为LPS(脂多糖)诱导RAW炎症损伤24小时,加药组为LPS诱导与浓度为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH同时处理24小时。加药组细胞存活率相比于损伤组有大幅度提升(细胞存活率达到43.62±1.17%—80.52±1.88%),说明此忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH能够有效的保护RAW细胞免受炎症损伤。
总之,本发明为忧遁草提供了一种新的开发途径,生产成本低,经济效益高,提升了其商业与药用价值,为实现忧遁草中药现代化和开发新型、高效、安全的健康食品提供了科学依据。
附图说明
图1为忧遁草粗蛋白经DEAE-Sepharose分离纯化后产物的峰图。
图2为CNPH-Ⅲ的反向高效液相色谱图。
图3为忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH的质谱图。
图4为忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH的体外抗氧化活性。A:ABTS自由基清除活性;B:DPPH自由基清除活性;C:羟基自由基清除活性。
图5为忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH对RAW细胞的毒性作用。
图6为忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH对LPS诱导的RAW细胞炎症的保护作用。
具体实施方式
本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和过程,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于下述的实施实例。
实施例1 忧遁草粗提物的分离纯化
忧遁草预处理:将忧遁草叶表面洗净,除去发黑腐烂忧遁草叶,随后利用液氮将忧遁草研磨后备用。
忧遁草粗蛋白与多肽提取:将研磨好的忧遁草粉末按照料液比1:10(m/v)加入蒸馏水,超声功率设置为135 W,在25℃下超声35 min。随后过滤掉残渣,收集滤液。采用1mol/L NaOH调节滤液pH值至8.0,室温搅拌30 min后,于室温5000 r/min条件下离心20min,收集上清液。将离心后的上清液用1 mol/L HCl调节pH值至3.0,于室温5000 r/min条件下离心20 min,收集沉淀。将离心后的沉淀溶解于10-30 mL的浓度为0.02 M,pH值为8.4的Tris-盐酸缓冲液中,然后装入截留分子量为3500 D的透析袋,在去离子水中4℃透析过夜,冷冻干燥,即得到忧遁草粗蛋白。
阴离子色谱分离纯化:将忧遁草粗蛋白冻干粉利用浓度为0.02 M pH值为8.4的Tris-盐酸缓冲液配制成6 mg/mL的溶液,完全溶解后用0.22 μm孔径微滤膜过滤,然后用DEAE-Sepharose离子交换柱层析进行分离纯化,用浓度为0.02 M pH值为8.4的Tris-盐酸缓冲液为平衡液,将已过滤的样品上柱,流速设置为1 mL/min,用含0.2~1 mol/L NaCl 的pH值为8.4的Tris-盐酸缓冲液线性梯度洗脱,层析图谱采集分析仪HD-A检测获得经DEAE-Sepharose分离纯化后产物的峰图(图1),收集3个出峰组分,比较其羟基自由基、DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力,收集最高抗氧化活性的组分CNPH-Ⅲ,真空冷冻干燥,-20℃低温保存备用。
反相高效液相色谱分离纯化:用去离子水溶解上述组分CNPH-Ⅲ冻干粉,经0.22 μm孔径微滤膜过滤后通过Thermo C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)进行分离纯化,样品浓度10 mg/mL,进样量20 μL,流动相A:含质量分数0.1%TFA的乙腈,流动相B:含质量分数0.1%TFA的去离子水,流动相流速1.0 mL/min。采用梯度洗脱的方式,洗脱条件是:0-5min,5%-10%流动相A;5-15min,10%-50%流动相A;15-35 min,50%-80%流动相A,检测波长是214 nm,获得CNPH-Ⅲ的反向高效液相色谱图(图2)。测定各个吸收峰对应的洗脱组分的羟基自由基、DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力,结果发现保留时间为3-4 min的洗脱峰CNPH-Ⅲ-2的抗氧化活性最高,收集峰CNPH-Ⅲ-2真空冷冻干燥。
用液相色谱与质谱连用(LC-MS/MS)方法测定CNPH-Ⅲ-2的氨基酸序列(图3),经Uniprot KB数据库与NCBI数据库对比发现一种新的忧遁草多肽,氨基酸序列为DKFEDNLYSAH。
实施例2天然抗氧化肽的体外抗氧化活性检测
实施例1中得到的忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH进行Fmoc固相合成,将合成后的多肽进行体外抗氧化活性研究。
称取合成多肽样品,用蒸馏水配制成不同浓度的样液。
DPPH自由基清除率:准确称取3.94 mg DPPH,采用体积分数95%的乙醇溶液溶解,定容至100 mL,配成0.1 mmo1/L的DPPH溶液。将1 mL样液与1 mL DPPH溶液充分混匀,室温避光静置30 min,于517 nm测定吸光值;以1 mL体积分数95%的乙醇溶液代替DPPH溶液作为对照组;以1 mL蒸馏水代替样液作为空白对照。样品的DPPH自由基清除率用如下公式计算:
式中:A1—样品组吸光值;A2—对照组吸光值;A3—空白对照组吸光值
ABTS自由基清除活力:配制7 mM的ABTS贮存母液及2.45 mM的过硫酸钾溶液,临用前以1:1的体积比将二者混合,室温放置于暗处16 h后,用pH7.4的5 mM磷酸盐缓冲液稀释至734 nm处吸光值为0.70±0.02,即得到ABTS自由基溶液。将1 mL ABTS自由基溶液与1 mL不同浓度的样品溶液等体积混合,室温反应10 min后,于734 nm下测定吸光值。用蒸馏水代替样液作为空白组。样品的ABTS自由基清除活力按下列公式进行计算:
式中:A1—样品组吸光值;A2—空白组吸光值
羟基自由基清除活性:配置8 mmol/L的硫酸亚铁溶液,3 mmol/L的水杨酸溶液和20 mmol/L的过氧化氢溶液备用。取200 μL样液与60 μL 8 mmol/L硫酸亚铁、200 μL 20mmol/L的水杨酸、50 μL 20 mmol/L过氧化氢充分混合,37℃水浴孵育30 min,冷却至室温后加入90 μL去离子水,转速4000 r/min离心30 min。取上清液在510 nm波长下测定反应物的吸光值。用蒸馏水做空白对照。羟基自由基的清除活性按下列公式计算:
式中:A0—空白组吸光值;A1—样品组吸光值
经本实施实例测定,如图4所示,忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH对DPPH、ABTS、羟基自由基均有较好的清除率。当该肽浓度达到2 mg/mL时,其DPPH,ABTS,羟基自由基清除率分别为:45.215±0.687%,86.674±0.915%,10.458±0.261%。该忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH对DPPH自由基清除率的IC50值为3.307±0.25 mg/mL,对ABTS自由基清除率的IC50值为45.495±0.479 μg/mL,对羟基自由基清除率的IC50值为18.232±1.5 mg/mL。
实施例3天然抗氧化十一肽的RAW细胞毒性及细胞炎症免疫作用研究
实施例1中得到的忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH进行固相合成,将合成后的多肽进行RAW细胞毒性及细胞炎症免疫作用研究。
细胞培养:将RAW细胞在含体积分数10%FBS的DMEM培养基中于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养传代,倒置显微镜下进行观察,待细胞生长融合达80%,在无菌操作台内,将培养液抽干,先用pH为7.3的PBS磷酸缓冲溶液(购自中无锡傲锐东源生物科技有限公司,23.48 g/2L)清洗细胞表层,加入1 mL胰酶消化液,置于37℃培养箱处理5 min,然后加入1 mL含体积分数10%FBS的DMEM完全培养基终止胰酶消化液的作用。再将所有液体移入1.5 mL离心管内,在转速2000 r/min下离心10 min,离心后将上清液弃掉,再向沉淀中加入新鲜培养液,利用吸量管抽取数次将细胞均匀冲散。根据实验设计,以固定比例将细胞均匀分配至各种大小的培养皿中。
细胞毒性:采用CCK-8法测定抗氧化肽DKFEDNLYSAH对RAW细胞的毒性作用,待RAW细胞密度增至70%~90%时吸去旧培养基(不要让细胞完全长满,细胞密度过高会影响细胞生长状态),用提前37℃预热的pH为7.3的PBS缓冲液清洗除去表面残留血清,然后向培养皿中加入1 mL含体积分数10%FBS的DMEM完全培养基冲下细胞并转移至1.5 mL离心管。以1×105cell/mL密度接种在96孔板中,每孔90 μL,每个浓度梯度平行设4个复孔。37℃,5%浓度CO2培养箱中培养24 h,随后每孔加入10 μL含不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 mg/mL)的合成多肽样品的DMEM培养基,继续培养24 h。培养结束后,吸弃培养液,然后每孔加入100 μL体积分数为10%的CCK-8试剂(用DMEM培养基配制),于37℃培养箱中孵育1 h后用酶标仪在450nm波长处测定吸光值。按下列公式计算各组药物对细胞的存活率:
式中:A1—空白组吸光值;A2—对照组吸光值;A3—样品组吸光值
细胞炎症免疫作用:将密度为1.0×105 cells/mL的RAW细胞接种于96孔板中,设置空白组、对照组、损伤组和加药组,每组加入80 μL细胞混悬液,空白组加DMEM完全培养基。在37℃,5% CO2培养箱中孵育24 h后,空白组、对照组和损伤组分别每孔加入10 μL终浓度1 μg/mL的LPS与10 μL不同浓度(0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 mg/mL)的合成多肽样品溶液继续孵育24 h。然后,按照上述方法检测细胞存活率。
经本实施实例测定,RAW细胞经0-2 mg/mL的忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH处理24小时后,正常细胞比例相较于多肽处理组没有明显变化,充分表明忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH在浓度0-2 mg/mL时,对RAW细胞没有毒害作用(图5)。在细胞炎症免疫作用实验中,加药组与损伤组相比,RAW细胞的存活率有明显提高,说明忧遁草多肽DKFEDNLYSAH能够有效的保护RAW细胞免受炎症损伤(图6)。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 福州大学
<120> 一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽及其制备方法和应用
<130>
<160> 1
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 11
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<400> 1
Asp Lys Phe Glu Asp Asn Leu Tyr Ser Ala His
1 5 10
Claims (4)
1.一种具有抗炎抗氧化活性的忧遁草多肽,其特征在于:所述忧遁草多肽的氨基酸序列为Asp-Lys-Phe-Glu-Asp-Asn-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Ala-His。
2.一种以忧遁草为原料制备权利要求1所述忧遁草多肽的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)将忧遁草粉碎,按料液比1:10 m/v加入蒸馏水,于25℃超声提取35 min,随后过滤,收集滤液;
2)将步骤1)所述滤液用碱调节剂调节至pH值为8.0,室温下搅拌30 min后离心,收集上清液;其中,所述碱调节剂为1 mol/L NaOH;
3)将步骤2)所述上清液用酸调节剂调节至pH值为3.0,随后离心,收集沉淀;其中,所述酸调节剂为1 mol/L HCl;
4)将步骤3)所述沉淀溶解于pH8.4的Tris-盐酸缓冲液后用截留分子量3500 Da的透析袋在去离子水中进行透析,冷冻干燥得到忧遁草粗蛋白;
5)将步骤4)所述忧遁草粗蛋白溶解于pH8.4的Tris-盐酸缓冲液后进行DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析,洗脱液为含0.2~1 M NaCl的pH8.4的Tris-盐酸缓冲液,流速1mL/min,利用层析图谱采集分析仪获得经DEAE-Sepharose分离纯化后产物的峰图,收集具有最高抗氧化活性的组分CNPH-Ⅲ;
6)利用反相高效液相色谱RP-HPLC对步骤5)所述CNPH-Ⅲ进行进一步分离纯化,色谱柱为Thermo C18色谱柱,214 nm下检测,进样量为20 μL,进样浓度为10 mg/mL,流动相流速1mL/min,流动相A为含0.1%TFA的乙腈,流动相B为含0.1%TFA的去离子水,洗脱梯度为:0-5min,5%-10%A;5-15 min,10%-50%A;15-35 min,50%-80%A,收集保留时间为3-4 min的洗脱峰CNPH-Ⅲ-2,真空冷冻干燥后保存于-80℃;
7)采用液相色谱质谱联用仪对步骤6)所述洗脱峰CNPH-Ⅲ-2所包含的肽段进行氨基酸序列测定,对测定得到的氨基酸序列进行Fmoc固相合成,从而得所述忧遁草多肽。
3.如权利要求1所述的忧遁草多肽在制备具有抗炎功能的食品、保健品、化妆品或药物中的应用。
4.如权利要求1所述的忧遁草多肽在制备具有抗氧化功能的食品、保健品、化妆品或药物中的应用。
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