CN114988978A - 一种利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法 - Google Patents
一种利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/40—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
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Abstract
本发明涉及非均相催化有机合成领域,公开一种利用非均相催化剂催化3‑芳基丙醇一步合成1‑丙烯基芳烃的新方法。具体步骤:将3‑芳基丙醇以及沸石催化剂依次加入反应管中,在N2氛围下加入反应溶剂1,2‑二氯乙烷(DCE),放入130℃加热器中反应3~24h,反应结束后,进行离心、过滤,收集上清液,减压浓缩,粗产物柱层析分离提纯获得1‑丙烯基芳烃,产率可达98%。同现有的技术相比,此方法不需要使用贵金属、复杂配体和有机酸、操作简单、高效、绿色、且催化剂与产物易分离,可回收再利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非均相催化有机合成领域,公开一种利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成反式1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法。
技术背景
丙烯基芳烃是一种特殊的烯烃,由于其生物活性及其在天然产物、农药、香精、化妆品、香料、制药和材料等方面的广泛应用,已引起人们的广泛关注,1-丙烯基芳烃更是如此,但是1-丙烯基芳烃的立体选择性和区域选择性合成比2-丙烯基芳烃困难的多,因此,对于1-丙烯基芳烃的制备仍然具有挑战性和吸引力。
目前,1-丙烯基芳烃合成方法主要有芳基炔烃部分加氢还原合成法、芳基卤代烃的脱卤化氢反应、芳基烯烃的异构化等。虽然3-芳基丙醇也能够转变为1-丙烯基芳烃,但是目前研究需要经过两步法才能将3-芳基丙醇转变为1-丙烯基芳烃,即3-芳基丙醇先在催化剂上形成2-丙烯基芳烃,然后2-丙烯基芳烃在其它催化剂异构化为1-丙烯基芳烃。对于第一步脱羟基生成烯烃路径,有大量的文献报道,例如:Kim小组使用双金属镓掺杂Cu/HY纳米沸石(Ga-Cu/HNZY)催化剂仅能将3-芳基丙醇转变为2-丙烯基芳烃,而且该反应体系还需要在加压氢气下进行(Green Chem.,2018,20,3253–3270);Vilarrasa小组利用PySeSePy/PMe3、DMP催化体系也只能够催化3-芳基丙醇转变为2-丙烯基芳烃,且该反应体系需要在额外的氧化剂下才能发生(Tetrahedron Letters,2010,51,1863–1866);对于第二步异构化反应路径,也有文献报道,但是需要在不同的过渡金属下才能实现反应,例如:[Pd、Pt、Rh、Ru、Ir complexes]、Fe(CO)12、Pd(TFA)2、Fe(acac)2;(Org.Lett.2020,22,1868-1873;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2002,41,4732–4734;ChemCatChem 2011,3,1567–1571;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2017,56,5498–5502)等,而且上述催化体系中,需要复杂的有机配体及苛刻的反应条件。即使如此,目标产物收率低。因此,目前的合成方法中存在如下问题:①必须要经过两步合成步骤方能得到1-丙烯基芳烃;②需要使用不同的过渡催化剂及相应的氧化剂或配体,存在环境不友好、反应条件苛刻、选择性差及催化剂难重复利用等缺点。
鉴于此,针对3-芳基丙醇生成1-丙烯基芳烃反应存在的问题,本发明以不含金属的酸性硅铝沸石,以H型ZSM-5为催化剂,在不需要氢气或氧化剂参与的反应条件下,直接将3-芳基丙醇转变为1-丙烯基芳烃。本发明方法操作简单、环境友好、高选择性、高产率,且催化剂易于分离回收。
发明内容
本发明针对1-丙烯基芳烃合成过程中的缺点,提供了一种仅使用一种催化体系且由3-芳基丙醇直接制备1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法。
本发明所涉及的合成1-丙烯基芳烃反应步骤如下:将3-芳基丙醇以及沸石催化剂依次加入反应管中,在N2氛围下加入反应溶剂DCE,放入130℃加热器中,搅拌反应,反应结束后,进行离心、过滤,收集上清液,减压浓缩,粗产物柱层析分离提纯,获得1-丙烯基芳烃。
本发明中的反应温度为130℃。
本发明中的反应时间为3~24h,优选12h。
本发明中的溶剂可以为甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)、环己烷,优选DCE。
本发明中的沸石催化剂为H型ZSM-5沸石催化剂或Beta催化剂;优选H型ZSM-5沸石催化剂。
其中H型ZSM-5沸石催化剂可由市售或参考现有方法合成容易得到;
H型ZSM-5的制备方法如:
水玻璃、硫酸铝、四丙基氢氧化铵水溶液和盐酸甜菜碱(BHCl)水溶液混合均匀后,装釜,高温晶化,经过滤、洗涤、干燥、高温煅烧得到Na型ZSM-5沸石,其中凝胶体系中个物质的摩尔组成为:20~30Na2O:Al2O3:70~110SiO2:1.5~3TPAOH:0.2~0.6BHCl:800~1200H2O。然后Na型多孔ZSM-5沸石需要经过常规的铵交换过程,然后再经过煅烧处理得到HZSM-5沸石,该沸石的合成体系中沸石的硅铝比为35~100。
进一步,高温晶化条件为160~170℃晶化2~3天;高温煅烧温度为500~600℃。
进一步,铵交换条件为:60~80℃交换,氯化铵或硝酸铵水溶液的浓度为08~1.0mol/L。煅烧处理温度为400~500℃。
反应涉及的反应式:
(R=H,EWG,EDG)
与现有技术相比,本发明的技术优势为:
本发明提供了一种利用酸性硅铝沸石HZSM-5催化3-芳基丙醇脱水并发生烯烃异构化且选择性生成反式1-丙烯基芳烃类化合物1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法,相对于现有合成技术,该合成方法技术路线新颖,不再使用传统的含有过渡金属、复杂的配体以及各种添加剂、氧化剂的均相催化体系,而是仅仅使用不含金属的酸性硅铝沸石即可一步合成反式1-丙烯基芳烃化合物;制备工艺简单,条件温和,产物易于分离,后处理简单,环境友好;且由于沸石具有较高的比表面积,存在较多的活性位点,能够为反应的进行提供足够的场所,以高产率、高选择性的生成了目标产物,催化剂可以回收加以利用。
附图说明
图1为实施例2合成的1-丙烯基苯的磁共振氢谱图。
1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.25-7.20(m,2H),7.18(dd,J=10.4,4.9Hz,1H),7.11-7.05(m,2H),6.38-6.21(m,1H)6.20-5.98(m,1H),1.83-1.70(m,3H)
具体实施方案
下面以苯丙醇为底物时具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明,但是不局限其范围。
实施例中的HZSM-5沸石催化剂合成方法为:
20mL上海水玻璃与2.0mL 25wt.%TPAOH水溶液混合后,加入2.4mL硫酸铝(0.5mol/L)和盐酸甜菜碱(0.27mol/L)的水溶液,混合均匀后装釜170℃晶化2天,过滤、洗涤、100℃干燥、500℃煅烧,得到Na型多孔ZSM-5沸石,其中凝胶体系中个物质的摩尔组成为:25.7Na2O:Al2O3:91.1SiO2:2.0TPAOH:0.54BHCl:990.2H2O。然后对沸石粉末在80℃与1.0mol/L硝酸铵水溶液进行铵交换4h,经干燥、450℃高温煅烧得到HZSM-5沸石。
具体实施例1:
在10mL的石英反应管中依次加入苯丙醇(0.2mmol,27μL)、30mg HZSM-5,在N2氛围下加入1.5mL DCE,完成操作后放入加热器中,反应温度控制在130℃,搅拌反应6h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,对反应体系进行离心,过滤,收集上清液,减压浓缩,粗产物柱层析分离提纯,即可获得1-丙烯基苯19mg,产率80%。
具体实施例2:
在10mL的石英反应管中依次加入苯丙醇(0.2mmol,27μL)、30mg HZSM-5,在N2氛围下加入1.5mL DCE,完成操作后放入加热器中,反应温度控制在130℃,搅拌反应12h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,对反应体系进行离心,过滤,收集上清液,减压浓缩,粗产物柱层析分离提纯,即可获得1-丙烯基苯23mg,产率98%。
具体实施例3-4:
实施例3-4与实施例2相比,区别在于:将实施例2中的反应温度130℃,替换成了140℃、100℃,其余操作与实施例2相同。
表1:实施例3-4
具体实施例5-6:
实施例5-6与实施例2相比,区别在于:将实施例2中的溶剂DCE,替换成了甲苯、环己烷,其余操作与实施例2相同。
表2实施例5-6
催化剂 | 溶剂 | 收率(%) | |
实施例5 | HZSM-5 | 甲苯 | 20 |
实施例6 | HZSM-5 | 环己烷 | 40 |
由表2可知,将反应体系溶剂替换为甲苯、环己烷时,收率明显降低,优选DCE。
具体实施例7:
实施例7与实施例2相比,区别在于:将实施例2中催化剂HZSM-5替换成Beta(来源为:可参考ACS Catal.,2018,8,9043中的方法获得),其他反应条件不变,获得1-丙烯基苯,产率77%。
对比实施例1-4
对比例1-4与实施例2相比,区别在于:催化剂的不同,其他反应条件不变。
表3对比例1-6的反应活性结果。
催化剂 | Time(h) | 收率(%) | |
对比例1 | TS-1 | 12 | - |
对比例2 | ETS-10 | 12 | - |
对比例3 | Y型分子筛 | 12 | - |
对比例4 | MOR | 12 | - |
由表3可知,使用其他的催化剂时,无产物生成,Beta收率虽然也有一定的催化活性,但仍差于HZSM-5催化收率。
以上描述了本发明的可选实施方案,以教导本领域技术人员如何实施和再现本发明。本发明中所用原料、设备,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常用原料、设备;本发明中所用方法,若无特别说明,均为本领域的常规方法。为了教导本发明方案,已经对一些常规技术方面进行了简化和省去。本领域技术人员应该理解源自这方面的变型,均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法,其特征在于:所述反应温度为130℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法,其特征在于:所述反应时间为3~24h。
4.根据权利要求1所述利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法,其特征在于:所述反应时间为12h。
5.根据权利要求1所述利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法,其特征在于:所述反应溶剂为:甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷和环己烷中一种或几种混合。
6.根据权利要求5所述利用非均相催化剂催化3-芳基丙醇一步合成1-丙烯基芳烃的新方法,其特征在于:所述反应溶剂为1,2-二氯乙烷。
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MATTHIAS MAYER等: "Iron-Catalyzed Isomerizations of Olefins", 《CHEMCATCHEM》, pages 1567 - 1571 * |
WENQIAN FU等: "Reaction route and mechanism of the direct N-alkylation of sulfonamides on acidic mesoporous zeolite Beta catalyst", 《ACS CATALYSIS》, 31 December 2018 (2018-12-31), pages 1 - 44 * |
YIPING SHI等: "Conversion of butanol to propene in flow: A triple dehydration, isomerisation and metathesis cascade", 《CATALYSIS COMMUNICATIONS》, pages 1 - 7 * |
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