CN114986101A - Combination forming method of forge piece - Google Patents
Combination forming method of forge piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN114986101A CN114986101A CN202210750695.XA CN202210750695A CN114986101A CN 114986101 A CN114986101 A CN 114986101A CN 202210750695 A CN202210750695 A CN 202210750695A CN 114986101 A CN114986101 A CN 114986101A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/761—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups rings
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined forming method of a forging, and belongs to the technical field of hot forming. The method comprises the steps of detection, blanking, heating, forging by a rapid forging machine, heating, spraying of a glass protective agent, heating, combined die forging, heat treatment, cutting and the like. Aiming at the titanium alloy inner and outer spacer ring forgings, the forging process is optimized by formulating reasonable thermal process parameters, the forging structure and performance are improved, and the performance dispersion degree of the forgings is reduced; meanwhile, the number of dies is reduced, the specifications of bars are reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hot forming, and particularly relates to a combined forming method of a forge piece.
Background
The titanium alloy inner and outer spacer ring forgings are generally produced by adopting a single die forging process respectively. Therefore, each forging piece needs to be respectively manufactured by a die and then forged and produced respectively. The inner and outer spacer ring type forged pieces manufactured by the process have the advantages of high cost for independent die making, large required bar specification and high performance dispersion degree of the forged pieces. Meanwhile, the existing titanium alloy forging process needs to be improved so as to obtain better forging structure and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a combined forming method of a forge piece, which reduces the number of grinding tools and the specification of bars, improves the structure and performance of the forge piece, and reduces the performance discrete degree of the forge piece.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a combined forming method of a forging comprises the following steps:
step 1: detecting the temperature of a phase transformation point of the alpha + beta phase region of the titanium alloy bar to the beta phase;
step 2: cutting bars according to the size of the bars required by the combined formed forging;
and step 3: heating the heating equipment to 800-850 ℃, then putting the bar stock in, and preserving heat; heating the heating equipment to 10-15 ℃ below the phase transition point temperature measured in the step 1, and preserving heat;
and 4, step 4: performing cake upsetting and rounding on the bar stock to obtain a blank;
and 5: heating equipment to 300-350 ℃, then putting the blank into the heating equipment, and keeping the temperature;
step 6: after the blank is taken out from the heating equipment, spraying a glass lubricant on the surface of the blank, and then cooling in the air;
and 7: heating the heating equipment to 800-850 ℃, then putting the blank into the heating equipment, and keeping the temperature; heating the heating equipment to 20-40 ℃ below the phase transition point temperature measured in the step 1, and preserving heat;
and 8: taking out the blank, and then performing die forging on an oil press, wherein the finish forging temperature is more than 800 ℃; after forging and pressing are finished for one time, cooling the forging by water;
and step 9: heating the heating equipment to 530 ℃ for heat treatment, putting the forge piece in the equipment, preserving heat, and then dispersing and air cooling;
step 10: and cutting the forged piece subjected to heat treatment into an inner spacer ring forged piece and an outer spacer ring forged piece according to the size, and respectively processing to the product size.
Preferably, in step 3, the bar stock is arranged in a single layer in the heating device.
Preferably, in step 3, the first heat preservation time is 0.4min/mm × D, and the second heat preservation time is 0.8min/mm × D, wherein D is the diameter of the bar stock and is in mm.
Preferably, in step 5, the blanks are arranged in a single layer in a heating device.
Preferably, in the step 5, the heat preservation time is 6-9 minutes.
Preferably, in step 7, the blanks are arranged in a heating device in a single layer; the first heat preservation time is 0.4min/mm multiplied by D, wherein D is the diameter of the bar stock and the unit is mm; the second heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h.
Preferably, in step 8, the time for transferring the blank from the heating device to the oil press is less than 30 s.
Preferably, in step 8, the pressing speed is 2 mm/s.
Preferably, in step 8, the water cooling of the forging is performed in a flowing water tank, and circulating water or a stirring device is arranged in the flowing water tank.
Preferably, in step 9, the incubation time is 6 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the combined forming method of the forging disclosed by the invention optimizes the forging process, improves the structure and the performance of the forging and reduces the performance dispersion degree of the forging by formulating reasonable thermal process parameters aiming at the inner and outer spacer ring type forgings made of titanium alloy materials; meanwhile, the number of dies and the specification of bars are reduced, and the production cost is reduced. The surface of the blank is sprayed with the glass lubricant, a compact protective layer can be formed, the blank is prevented from being oxidized in the high-temperature heating process, the feasibility is high, and the cost is low. The innovation of the invention is that reasonable thermal process parameters are formulated, and more importantly, the forging process is optimized. In the aspect of forging process, when production tasks of forgings of different part numbers are received, the traditional method is to organize production respectively according to the number of the forgings, purchase raw materials respectively according to the size and technical requirements of the different forgings, put into a die and produce a tool, and the produced forgings are produced according to the requirement of a review batch. And carrying out physical and chemical detection and acceptance by using the figure number of each forging piece, the raw material smelting furnace number, the production batch number, the heat treatment furnace number or the furnace batch. The invention aims at forgings with the same material, the same standard, the same production process and the difference in size, considers the relevance of product application and analyzes the size and the structural characteristics of parts. The forge piece produced by combined machining is designed, the tool dies required by the forge piece production are reduced, and the production shift is reduced. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the two forgings are combined and produced simultaneously, distribution of heating temperature and deformation of the integral forgings is considered in the design process, the production process is controlled, and consistency of structures and performance of the forgings can be guaranteed. The dispersity is small. In the process of inspection and acceptance, the combined produced forgings can represent various physical and chemical properties of the two forgings by only performing performance detection once. The physical and chemical detection frequency and the detection quantity are reduced, and the detection cost is reduced.
Further, in the step 3, the step 5 and the step 7, the bars are arranged in the heating device in a single layer without being allowed to be stacked, so that the bars can be uniformly heated.
Further, in the step 3, the first heat preservation time is 0.4min/mm multiplied by D, so that cracking caused by overlarge temperature difference between the surface of the blank and the core part during heating can be avoided; the second heat preservation time is 0.8min/mm multiplied by D, and the core part of the blank can reach the required temperature.
Further, in the step 5, the heat preservation time is 6-9 minutes, the surface temperature of the blank can be increased, so that the adhesive force of the coating is increased, and the drying is easy.
Further, in the step 7, the first heat preservation time is 0.4min/mm multiplied by D, the second heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h, the first heating is preheating, and cracking caused by overlarge temperature difference between the blank surface and the core part during heating is avoided; the second heating is to heat the billet to the actual temperature required for forging.
Further, in step 8, the time for transferring the blank from the heating device to the oil press is less than 30s, and the forging starting temperature of the die forging is ensured through the limit of the transfer time.
Furthermore, the pressing speed is 2mm/s, and the forge piece can be ensured to obtain the required mechanical property and microstructure.
Further, in the step 9, the heat preservation time is 6 hours, so as to adjust the mechanical property and the structure of the forging, and obtain good comprehensive mechanical property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a forging of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the combined forming method of the forging comprises the steps of detection, blanking, heating, quick forging machine forging, heating, glass protective agent spraying, heating, combined die forging, heat treatment, cutting and the like.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
in the embodiment of the invention, the titanium alloy forging is made of Ti-6.5Al-3.3Mo-1.5Zr-0.25Si, but the technical scheme of the invention is not limited to the material.
Example 1
Step 1: detection of
And detecting the alpha + beta → beta transformation point of the titanium alloy bar. The alpha + beta → beta transformation point of the titanium alloy is detected to be 995 ℃.
Step 2: discharging
And cutting the round bar stock with a sawing machine according to the size requirement of the forged piece, wherein the diameter is 200mm, and the length is 230 mm.
And step 3: heating of
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 800 ℃, then the bar stock is put into the electric furnace and put in a single layer, the temperature is kept, the temperature keeping time is calculated according to 0.4min/mm (diameter), and the temperature keeping time is 80 min. After the heat preservation is finished, the electric furnace is heated to 15 ℃ below the alpha plus beta → beta transformation point, the heat preservation temperature is 980 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8min/mm (diameter), and the heat preservation time is 160 min.
And 4, step 4: forging by fast forging machine
And taking the bar out of the electric furnace by using a manipulator, and placing the bar in a quick forging machine for upsetting cakes and rounding according to the size requirement.
And 5: heating of
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 300 ℃, then, the blank is put into the electric furnace, put in a single layer mode, and kept warm for 6 min.
Step 6: sprayed glass protective agent
After the blank is taken out of the electric furnace by a manipulator, glass lubricant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the blank is cooled in the air.
And 7: heating of
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 800 ℃, then the blank is put into the electric furnace, and is put in a single layer mode, heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.4min/mm (thickness), the thickness of the blank is 60mm, and the heat preservation time is 24 min. And then the electric furnace is heated to 20 ℃ below the alpha + beta → beta transformation point, the temperature is kept at 975 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 1.5 h.
And 8: combined die forging
And taking the heated blank out of the electric furnace by a manipulator, and placing the blank on an oil press for die forging. Transfer time from the electric furnace onto the mould placed on the oil press is less than 30s, pressing speed: 2mm/s, the finish forging temperature is more than 800 ℃, the forging is finished by one heating, and the forging is placed in a flowing water tank for water cooling.
And step 9: thermal treatment
Firstly, the electric furnace is heated to 530 ℃, the forge piece is put into the electric furnace, and the forge piece is spread and air-cooled after heat preservation for 6 hours.
Step 10: slitting and machining
And (3) machining the forged piece subjected to heat treatment according to the drawing requirements, cutting the forged piece into an inner spacer ring forged piece and an outer spacer ring forged piece as shown in figure 2, and machining the inner spacer ring forged piece and the outer spacer ring forged piece according to the size requirements to the product size respectively.
Example 2
Step 1: detection
And detecting the alpha + beta → beta transformation point of the titanium alloy bar. The alpha + beta → beta transformation point of the titanium alloy is detected to be 1000 ℃.
And 2, step: discharging
And cutting the round bar stock with a sawing machine according to the size requirement of the forged piece, wherein the diameter is 200mm, and the length is 230 mm.
And step 3: heating of
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 830 ℃, then the bar stock is put into the electric furnace and put in a single layer, the temperature is kept, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.4min/mm (diameter), and the temperature is kept for 80 min. After the heat preservation is finished, the electric furnace is heated to 10 ℃ below the alpha + beta → beta transformation point, the heat preservation is carried out at 990 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8min/mm (diameter), and the heat preservation time is 160 min.
And 4, step 4: forging by fast forging machine
And taking the bar out of the electric furnace by using a manipulator, and placing the bar in a quick forging machine for upsetting cakes and rounding according to the size requirement.
And 5: heating of
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 330 ℃, then the blank is put into the electric furnace, put in a single layer mode, and kept warm for 7 min.
And 6: sprayed glass protective agent
After the blank is taken out of the electric furnace by a manipulator, glass lubricant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the blank is cooled in the air.
And 7: heating of
Firstly, heating an electric furnace to 830 ℃, then placing the blank in the electric furnace, placing the blank in a single layer, and preserving heat for 24min, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.4min/mm (diameter). And then the electric furnace is heated to 30 ℃ below the alpha + beta → beta transformation point, the temperature is kept at 970 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 h.
And step 8: combined die forging
And taking the heated blank out of the electric furnace by a manipulator, and placing the blank on an oil press for die forging. Transfer time from the electric furnace onto the mould placed on the oil press is less than 30s, pressing speed: 2mm/s, the finish forging temperature is more than 800 ℃, the forging is finished by one heating, and the forging is placed in a flowing water tank for water cooling.
And step 9: thermal treatment
Firstly, heating an electric furnace to 530 ℃, putting the forge piece into the electric furnace, keeping the temperature for 6 hours, and then dispersing and air cooling.
Step 10: slitting and machining
And (3) machining the forged piece subjected to heat treatment according to the drawing requirements, cutting the forged piece into an inner spacer ring forged piece and an outer spacer ring forged piece as shown in figure 2, and machining the inner spacer ring forged piece and the outer spacer ring forged piece according to the size requirements to the product size respectively.
Example 3
Step 1: detection of
Detecting the alpha + beta → beta transformation point of the titanium alloy. The alpha + beta → beta transformation point of the titanium alloy is detected to be 1005 ℃.
And 2, step: discharging
And cutting the round bar stock with a sawing machine according to the size requirement of the forged piece, wherein the diameter is 200mm, and the length is 230 mm.
And step 3: heating of
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 850 ℃, then the bar stock is put into the electric furnace and put in a single layer, the temperature is kept, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.4min/mm (diameter), and the heat preservation time is 80 min. After the heat preservation is finished, the electric furnace is heated to 10 ℃ below the alpha + beta → beta transformation point, the heat preservation temperature is 995 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8min/mm (diameter), and the heat preservation time is 160 min.
And 4, step 4: forging of fast forging machine
And taking the bar out of the electric furnace by using a manipulator, and placing the bar in a quick forging machine for upsetting cakes and rounding according to the size requirement.
And 5: heating is carried out
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 350 ℃, then the blank is put into the electric furnace, put in a single layer mode, and kept warm for 9 min.
Step 6: sprayed glass protective agent
After the blank is taken out of the electric furnace by a manipulator, glass lubricant is sprayed on the surface of the blank, and the blank is cooled in the air.
And 7: heating of
Firstly, an electric furnace is heated to 850 ℃, then the blank is put into the electric furnace, and is put in a single layer mode, heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.4min/mm (thickness), the thickness of the blank is 60mm, and the heat preservation time is 24 min. And then the electric furnace is heated to 40 ℃ below the alpha plus beta → beta transformation point, the heat preservation temperature is 965 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
And step 8: combined die forging
And taking the heated blank out of the electric furnace by a manipulator, and placing the blank on an oil press for die forging. The transfer time from the removal from the electric furnace onto the mould placed on the oil press is less than 30s, the pressing speed: 2mm/s, the finish forging temperature is more than 800 ℃, the forging and pressing are completed by one fire, and the forging is placed in a flowing water tank for water cooling.
And step 9: thermal treatment
Firstly, the electric furnace is heated to 530 ℃, the forge piece is put into the electric furnace, and the forge piece is spread and air-cooled after heat preservation for 6 hours.
Step 10: slitting and machining
And (3) machining the forged piece subjected to heat treatment according to the drawing requirements, cutting the forged piece into an inner spacer ring forged piece and an outer spacer ring forged piece as shown in figure 2, and machining the inner spacer ring forged piece and the outer spacer ring forged piece according to the size requirements to the product size respectively.
It should be noted that the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and equivalent changes made to the system described in the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may substitute similar alternatives for the specific embodiments described, all without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The combined forming method of the forging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: detecting the temperature of a phase transformation point of the alpha + beta two-phase region of the titanium alloy bar to the beta phase;
step 2: cutting bars according to the size of the bars required by the combined formed forging;
and step 3: heating the heating equipment to 800-850 ℃, then putting the bar stock in, and keeping the temperature; heating the heating equipment to 10-15 ℃ below the phase transition point temperature measured in the step 1, and preserving heat;
and 4, step 4: performing cake upsetting and rounding on the bar stock to obtain a blank;
and 5: heating equipment to 300-350 ℃, then putting the blank into the heating equipment, and keeping the temperature;
step 6: after the blank is taken out from the heating equipment, spraying a glass lubricant on the surface of the blank, and then cooling in the air;
and 7: heating the heating equipment to 800-850 ℃, then putting the blank into the heating equipment, and keeping the temperature; heating the heating equipment to 20-40 ℃ below the phase transformation point temperature measured in the step (1), and preserving heat;
and 8: taking out the blank, and then performing die forging on an oil press, wherein the finish forging temperature is more than 800 ℃; after forging and pressing are finished for one time, cooling the forging by water;
and step 9: heating the heating equipment to 530 ℃ for heat treatment, putting the forge piece in the equipment, preserving heat, and then dispersing and air cooling;
step 10: and cutting the forged piece subjected to heat treatment into an inner spacer ring forged piece and an outer spacer ring forged piece according to the size, and respectively processing to the product size.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the bar stock is arranged in a single layer in the heating device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 3, the first holding time is 0.4min/mm x D, and the second holding time is 0.8min/mm x D, wherein D is the diameter of the bar material in mm.
4. The method of unitized formation of a forging of claim 1, wherein in step 5, the blank is laid in a single layer in a heating apparatus.
5. The combined forming method of the forging piece according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the heat preservation time is 6-9 minutes.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 7, the blank is placed in a heating apparatus in a single layer; the first heat preservation time is 0.4min/mm multiplied by D, wherein D is the diameter of the bar stock and the unit is mm; the second heat preservation time is 1.5-2 h.
7. The method of unitized formation of a forging of claim 1, wherein in step 8, the time to transfer the blank from the heating apparatus to the oil press is less than 30 seconds.
8. The method of unitized forming of forgings according to claim 1, wherein in step 8, the pressing speed is 2 mm/s.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 8, the forging is water-cooled in a flowing water tank, and the flowing water tank is provided with circulating water or a stirring device.
10. The method for combined forming of a forging according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9, the holding time is 6 hours.
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