CN114984915B - 一种可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料及其制备方法和应用。a、将废弃鸡毛粉与海草粉混合后置于去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液;b、将悬浊液加热,冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。该凝胶材料对甲醛有很好的吸附作用,吸附率可达95%。本发明使用废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉和淀粉均为天然生物质,无毒且可降解,其资源丰富,为废弃资源重复利用,既降低了成本又保护了生态环境。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于可降解生物吸附材料制备领域,具体涉及一种使用天然生物质原料(废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉或者淀粉)可降解吸附凝胶材料及其制备方法,通过改变海草的种类,可调控生物水凝胶材料的孔隙结构,并考察了该凝胶材料对甲醛的吸附作用。
背景技术
水凝胶因其有趣的三维交联网络、较大的比表面积、较高的孔隙率和富含大量的官能团,近年来水凝胶在分离和吸附净化等领域具有潜在的优势。对于水凝胶的制备,从原料来源上来讲,可将其分为天然高分子水凝胶和合成高分子水凝胶。传统的水凝胶多数使用丙烯腈和丙烯酸等化学物质进行交联聚合,使其具备水凝胶的特性。虽然此类水凝胶拥有较好的吸水溶胀能力,但是因其毒性太大且生物可降解性差,大大限制了它的应用领域。近年来,使用天然生物质制备的天然高分子水凝胶越来越受到关注,天然生物质的引入不仅可以改变水凝胶的化学结构,最重要的可提高其生物可降解性,而且此类水凝胶低毒且生物相容性好,废弃后对环境污染较小。
自然界中天然高分子可生物降解,且取之不尽用之不竭,近年来,将纤维素、壳聚糖、淀粉、蛋白质和甲壳素等天然生物质转化成高附加值的凝胶材料已为研究的热点。废弃鸡毛作为富含角蛋白的天然生物质,因其具有很好的生物相容性、可降解性、可再生性、成膜性和抗拉性能。因此对废弃鸡毛的开发利用不仅能减少环境污染,同时也能产生极大的经济效益。全球已知的海草(藻)类约4万种,在自然界中分布甚广,来源十分丰富,数量大且容易收集。这种天然聚合物,成本低廉、无毒和生物降可解。所含有的海藻酸钠与其它分子交联可形成三维网状结构的凝胶材料,因此藻类也可作为一种合成水凝胶材料的天然生物质原料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种环保的、可降解的、天然生物质的、吸附效果好的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料以天然的廉价废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉或者淀粉为原料,一步合成了一种可降解的天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料,通过改变海草的种类,可调控可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料的孔隙结构,并证实了该凝胶材料对甲醛有很好的吸附作用,吸附率可达95%。而且本发明的制备方法简单、生产周期短,成本低。
本发明是通过如下所述的技术方案实现的:
本发明的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料,其原料为天然生物质海草粉、废弃鸡毛粉和淀粉。
所述的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料是通过以下方法制备的,具体步骤为:
a、将废弃鸡毛粉与海草粉混合后置于去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液;
b、将悬浊液加热,冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
优选地,所述的海草粉为马尾藻粉、海苔粉、褐藻粉、海带粉和紫菜粉中的一种或数种的组合。
优选地,所述的废弃羽毛粉与海草粉的用量质量比是8:2-4,在水中的总浓度为10-12g/35mL。
优选地,所述的步骤a是将废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉和淀粉混合后置于去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
优选地,所述的淀粉为可溶性淀粉。
优选地,所述的废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉和淀粉的用量质量比为8:2-4:2,在水中的总浓度为12-14g/35mL。
优选地,所述的加热是121℃,时间为3小时。加热可以放置于灭菌锅中。
本发明还提供了上述可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料在吸附有毒气体或者抗生素中的应用。
优选地,所述的有毒气体是甲醛。
本发明的效果和优点:
(1)本发明使用废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉和淀粉均为天然生物质,无毒且可降解,其资源丰富,为废弃资源重复利用,既降低了成本又保护了生态环境。
(2)本发明采用的是一步合成法,工艺简单,节约了能源。
(3)该可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料对甲醛有很好的吸附作用。
本发明还具有这样的应用潜力,比如可以使用该凝胶材料进一步实现对其它有毒气体或者抗生素的吸附。
附图说明
图1为水凝胶的实物图,其中a、b、c、d分别为实施例1、2、3、4的水凝胶的实物图。
图2为扫描电子显微镜图,其中a、b、c、d分别为实施例1、3、4、5的扫描电子显微镜图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
1、将马尾藻粉粉过100目标准筛。
2、将废弃鸡毛粉过100目标准筛。
3、将8g废弃鸡毛粉和2g马尾藻粉混合后置于35g去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
4、将3中悬浊液置于灭菌锅内(121℃,时间为3小时),加热冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
5、将4的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料置于吸附装置,进行甲醛吸附量的检测。取可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料放置于初始甲醛浓度100mg/m3的密闭有机玻璃箱体内,在常温常压下检测试验开始时箱体的甲醛浓度,再每隔2h进行采样,检测箱体内甲醛浓度的变化,计算甲醛的去除率(可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料的吸附率)。检测方法依据:根据GB/T 15516-1995空气质量—甲醛的测定—乙酰丙酮分光光度法对产品净化效果进行测定。可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料的吸附率可达95%。
6、将4的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料放置冷冻干燥机冷冻干燥24小时,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其孔隙结构。
实施例2:
1、将海带粉过100目标准筛。
2、将废弃鸡毛粉过100目标准筛。
3、将8g废弃鸡毛粉和2g海带粉混合后置于35g去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
4、将3中悬浊液置于灭菌锅(条件同实施例1)内,加热冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
实施例3:
1、将褐藻粉过100目标准筛。
2、将废弃鸡毛粉过100目标准筛。
3、将8g废弃鸡毛粉和2g褐藻粉混合后置于35g去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
4、将3中悬浊液置于灭菌锅(条件同实施例1)内,加热冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
5、将4中的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料放置冷冻干燥机冷冻干燥24小时,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其孔隙结构。
实施例4:
1、将海苔粉过100目标准筛。
2、将废弃鸡毛粉过100目标准筛。
3、将8g废弃鸡毛粉和2g海苔粉混合后置于35g去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
4、将3中悬浊液置于灭菌锅(条件同实施例1)内,加热冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
5、将4中的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料放置冷冻干燥机冷冻干燥24小时,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其孔隙结构。
实施例5:
1、将海苔粉过100目标准筛。
2、将废弃鸡毛粉过100目标准筛。
3、将8g废弃鸡毛粉、2g海苔粉和2g淀粉混合后置于35g去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
4、将3中悬浊液置于灭菌锅(条件同实施例1)内,加热冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
5、将4中的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料放置冷冻干燥机冷冻干燥24小时,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其孔隙结构。
实施例6:
1、将海苔粉过100目标准筛。
2、将废弃鸡毛粉过100目标准筛。
3、将8g废弃鸡毛粉和4g海苔粉混合后置于35g去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
4、将3中悬浊液置于灭菌锅(条件同实施例1)内,加热冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
实施例7:
1、将海苔粉过100目标准筛。
2、将废弃鸡毛粉过100目标准筛。
3、将8g废弃鸡毛粉、4g海苔粉和2g淀粉混合后置于35g去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
4、将3中悬浊液置于灭菌锅(条件同实施例1)内,加热冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
a、将废弃鸡毛粉与海草粉混合后置于去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液;
b、将悬浊液加热,冷却后得到可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的海草粉为马尾藻粉、海苔粉、褐藻粉、海带粉和紫菜粉中的一种或数种的组合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的废弃鸡毛粉与海草粉的用量质量比是8:2-4,在水中的总浓度为10-12g/35mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤a是将废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉和淀粉混合后置于去离子水溶液中形成悬浊液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的淀粉为可溶性淀粉。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的废弃鸡毛粉、海草粉和淀粉的用量质量比为8:2-4:2,在水中的总浓度为12-14g/35mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的加热是121℃,时间为3小时。
8.一种按照权利要求1所述的制备方法制备得到的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料。
9.权利要求8所述的可降解天然生物质基吸附凝胶材料在吸附有毒气体或者抗生素中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的有毒气体是甲醛。
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