CN114982456A

CN114982456A - Efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil

Info

Publication number: CN114982456A
Application number: CN202210699933.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋渊明; 肖兴; 宋明成; 赵英杰
Original assignee: Chongqing Three Gorges University
Current assignee: Chongqing Three Gorges University
Priority date: 2022-06-20
Filing date: 2022-06-20
Publication date: 2022-09-02
Anticipated expiration: 2042-06-20
Also published as: CN114982456B

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil, which comprises a vine cutting mechanism, an excavating mechanism and a collecting mechanism which are arranged in series, wherein the vine cutting mechanism comprises a vine cutting knife, a front travelling wheel and a vine cutting box; the excavating mechanism comprises an excavating knife, an excavating box and a conveying roller; the collecting mechanism comprises an upper storage box, a lower storage box and a rear travelling wheel, wherein the upper storage box and the lower storage box are arranged in a lap joint manner, and the rear travelling wheel is arranged at the bottom of the lower storage box; the rear end of the rattan cutting box is provided with a conveying opening which is communicated with the upper storage box through a conveying belt; the digging box is installed between the vine cutting mechanism and the collecting mechanism through a support, the digging box is obliquely arranged, the bottom end of the digging cutter is lower than the front traveling wheel and the rear traveling wheel, and the rear end of the digging box is communicated with the lower storage box. According to the invention, the vine cutting mechanism, the excavating mechanism and the collecting mechanism are arranged in series, the vine cutting, excavating and collecting are integrally designed, the classified harvesting and storage of the sweet potato vines and the tuberous roots are realized, the subsequent manual separation is not needed, and the operation efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-efficiency sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil, and belongs to the technical field of sweet potato harvesters.

Background

Sweet potatoes, the scientific name of sweet potatoes, an annual herbaceous plant, have round, oval or spindle-shaped tuberous roots in the underground part, are one of the main grains in China, and are planted in most areas throughout the country, such as Chongqing, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei, Henan and the like. In recent years, sweet potatoes enter people's lives in a commodity mode and are sold in a large number in first-line cities such as wide and deep north. Because the edible part of the sweet potato is buried underground, farmers can easily pull the sweet potato out of the underground to achieve higher harvesting efficiency in areas with soft soil, when the sweet potato is pulled out in areas with hard geology, the vines of the sweet potato are easy to break, the sweet potato is still underground, and the sweet potato needs to be dug by using tools such as a hoe, so that the time and labor are wasted, and the sweet potato is easy to damage.

Among them, sweet potato harvesters designed by the american colletwood company are very successful examples, which are divided into two types according to the designed structure, one is a direct loading type harvester: the harvester is characterized in that the loading and transporting lifting arm is long, and sweet potatoes can be processed very cleanly after being transported for a long time; the other is a van-type sweet potato harvester: a plurality of load compartments are distributed on both sides of the machine, and the operator can control the various parts and operating parameters precisely. In China, the development of the sweet potato harvester is still in a starting stage, on one hand, planting cannot be carried out in a large scale, the development of the harvester is hindered, on the other hand, the existing harvester digs out the tuberous roots and the vines of the sweet potatoes together, only soil is sieved out by the nation, workers are required to carry out batch processing on the digged-out sweet potatoes subsequently, the operation efficiency is low, and the labor investment is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil, which solves the problems that in the prior art, a sweet potato harvester cannot automatically separate sweet potato tuberous roots and vines, needs manual separation and is low in efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-efficiency sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil comprises a vine cutting mechanism, an excavating mechanism and a collecting mechanism which are arranged in series, wherein the vine cutting mechanism comprises a vine cutting knife, a front travelling wheel and a vine cutting box, the front end of the vine cutting box is open, the vine cutting knife is mounted at the bottom of the front end opening of the vine cutting box, and the front travelling wheel is positioned at the bottom of the vine cutting box;

the excavating mechanism comprises an excavating knife, an excavating box and conveying rollers, the excavating knife is arranged at the bottom of an opening at the front end of the excavating box, and the conveying rollers are arranged at the bottom of the excavating box;

the collecting mechanism comprises an upper storage box, a lower storage box and a rear travelling wheel, wherein the upper storage box and the lower storage box are arranged in a lap joint manner, and the rear travelling wheel is arranged at the bottom of the lower storage box;

the rear end of the rattan cutting box is provided with a conveying opening, and the conveying opening is communicated with the upper storage box through a conveying belt;

the digging box is installed between the vine cutting mechanism and the collecting mechanism through a support, the digging box is obliquely arranged, the bottom end of the digging knife is lower than the front traveling wheel and the rear traveling wheel, and the rear end of the digging box is communicated with the lower storage box.

Furthermore, the rattan cutting knife comprises a fixed knife rest and a movable knife rest which are arranged in a stacked mode, the movable knife rest moves in a reciprocating mode along the length direction of the movable knife rest, the fixed knife rest and the movable knife rest are respectively provided with a plurality of blades in an array mode along the length direction of the fixed knife rest and the movable knife rest, the included angle between each blade and the length direction of the knife rest is alpha, and alpha is larger than 0 degree and smaller than 180 degrees.

Furthermore, one end of the movable knife rest is movably inserted into the side wall of the rattan cutting box, the other end of the movable knife rest is provided with a U-shaped bayonet, a rotating shaft is installed on the rattan cutting box, an annular cam is arranged on the periphery of the rotating shaft and embedded into the U-shaped bayonet, and the included angle between the annular cam and the axis of the rotating shaft is beta, wherein beta is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees, and beta is more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

Further, cut and install in the rattan case and choose rattan pivot and garrulous rattan pivot, choose the rattan pivot to be located and cut rattan sword top and circumference and install a plurality of rattan poles of choosing, garrulous rattan pivot is located and chooses rattan pivot top and circumference and installs a plurality of garrulous rattan sword, cut the rattan sword, choose the rattan pivot and the cascaded arrangement of garrulous rattan pivot.

Furthermore, the rattan rod comprises a long rod and a short rod, wherein the front end of the long rod is provided with a picking and connecting part which is bent towards the rotating direction.

Further, conveyer belt, axis of rotation, choose rattan pivot and garrulous rattan pivot to connect through a plurality of drive belts, one in conveyer belt, axis of rotation, choosing rattan pivot and garrulous rattan pivot is connected with a driving motor.

Further, the bottom of the front end of the excavating box has a plurality of excavating blades arranged in the direction of travel of the harvester with a gap between the two excavating blades for the passage of earth.

Further, a plurality of concession holes for soil to pass through are reserved between the conveying rollers.

Further, a plurality of conveying rollers are driven by one linear motor.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the efficient sweet potato harvester is suitable for southern flat soil, the vine cutting mechanism, the excavating mechanism and the collecting mechanism are arranged in series, the vine cutting, excavating and collecting are integrally designed, vines are firstly cut off by the vine cutting knife, the vines are conveyed to the upper storage box at the rear part by the conveyor belt to be stored, then the tuberous root parts without vine tissues can be excavated by the excavating knife, and the tuberous root parts are conveyed to the lower storage box, so that the classified harvesting and storage of the sweet potato vines and the tuberous roots are realized, the subsequent manual separation is not needed, and the operation efficiency is greatly improved.

2. The invention is suitable for the high-efficiency sweet potato harvester for southern flat soil, and the annular cam which forms a non-right-angle included angle with the rotating shaft of the rotating shaft drives the U-shaped bayonet to reciprocate along the axial direction of the rotating shaft by the contact part of the annular cam and the U-shaped bayonet when the annular cam rotates, thereby realizing the uninterrupted cutting of the vine by the vine cutter.

3. The efficient sweet potato harvester is suitable for southern flat soil, the vines for cutting vines are further crushed through the cooperation of the vine picking rod and the vine crushing cutter, the vines are prevented from being blocked on the vine cutting cutter, the subsequent use of the vine cutting cutter is prevented from being influenced, meanwhile, the crushed vines can be conveyed to the direction of the conveying belt, and the collection is facilitated.

4. The invention is suitable for the efficient sweet potato harvester for southern flat soil, and soil mixed on the roots of sweet potatoes can pass through the gaps and the abdicating holes to be separated from the sweet potatoes through the gaps reserved between the digging knives and the abdicating holes between the conveying rollers, so that the harvesting quality of the sweet potatoes is prevented from being influenced.

5. The efficient sweet potato harvester is suitable for southern flat soil, the conveying belt, the vine cutting knife, the vine picking rotating shaft and the vine crushing rotating shaft are connected through the conveying belt, and the driving motor is used for driving, so that the conveying belt, the vine cutting knife, the vine picking rotating shaft and the vine crushing rotating shaft can be linked to synchronously work, the treatment efficiency is improved, the number of motors can be reduced, and the cost is saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of a vine cutting box portion;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure at the rotating shaft;

fig. 4 is a top view of a portion of the digging mechanism.

In the figure: 1. a vine cutting mechanism; 11. cutting rattan knife; 111. fixing a tool rest; 112. a movable tool rest; 113. a blade; 114. a U-shaped bayonet; 12. a front travel wheel; 13. cutting the rattan box; 131. a transfer port; 132. a rotating shaft; 133. a ring cam; 14. a vine picking rotating shaft; 141. carrying out cane-picking rod; 142. a long rod; 143. a short bar; 144. a picking part; 15. a rattan smashing rotating shaft; 151. a rattan smashing knife; 2. an excavating mechanism; 21. excavating a cutter; 211. a gap; 22. excavating a box; 23. a conveying roller; 231. a hole of abdication; 232. a linear motor; 3. a collection mechanism; 31. an upper storage box; 32. a lower storage tank; 33. a rear traveling wheel; 4. a conveyor belt; 5. a support; 6. a transmission belt; 61. the motor is driven.

Detailed Description

Example 1: a high-efficiency sweet potato harvester suitable for southern land soil, referring to the attached drawings 1-4, comprises a vine cutting mechanism 1, an excavating mechanism 2 and a collecting mechanism 3 which are arranged in series, wherein the vine cutting mechanism 1 comprises a vine cutting knife 11, a front travelling wheel 12 and a vine cutting box 13, the front end of the vine cutting box 13 is open, the vine cutting knife 11 is installed at the bottom of the front end opening of the vine cutting box 13, and the front travelling wheel 12 is positioned at the bottom of the vine cutting box 13;

the excavating mechanism 2 comprises an excavating knife 21, an excavating box 22 and conveying rollers 23, wherein the excavating knife 21 is arranged at the bottom of the front opening of the excavating box 22, and a plurality of conveying rollers 23 are arranged at the bottom of the excavating box 22;

the collecting mechanism 3 comprises an upper storage box 31, a lower storage box 32 and a rear travelling wheel 33, wherein the upper storage box 31 and the lower storage box 32 are arranged in an overlapping mode, and the rear travelling wheel 33 is installed at the bottom of the lower storage box 32;

the rear end of the rattan cutting box 13 is provided with a conveying port 131, and the conveying port 131 is communicated with the upper storage box 31 through a conveying belt 4;

the digging box 22 is installed between the vine cutting mechanism 1 and the collecting mechanism 3 through a support 5, the digging box 22 is obliquely arranged, the bottom end of the digging cutter 21 is lower than the front traveling wheel 12 and the rear traveling wheel 33, and the rear end of the digging box 22 is communicated with the lower storage box 32.

The rattan cutting knife 11 comprises a fixed knife rest 111 and a movable knife rest 112 which are arranged in a stacked mode, the movable knife rest 112 reciprocates along the length direction of the movable knife rest, the fixed knife rest 111 and the movable knife rest 112 are respectively provided with a plurality of blades 113 in an array mode along the length direction of the fixed knife rest 111 and the movable knife rest 112, the included angle between each blade 113 and the length direction of the knife rest is alpha, and alpha is larger than 0 degree and smaller than 180 degrees.

One end of the movable knife rest 112 is movably inserted into the side wall of the rattan cutting box 13, the other end of the movable knife rest is provided with a U-shaped bayonet 114, a rotating shaft 132 is installed on the rattan cutting box 13, the periphery of the rotating shaft 132 is provided with an annular cam 133, the annular cam 133 is embedded into the U-shaped bayonet 114, the included angle between the annular cam 133 and the axis of the rotating shaft 132 is beta, beta is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees, and beta is more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

Install in cutting rattan case 13 and choose rattan pivot 14 and garrulous rattan pivot 15, it is located and cuts 11 tops of rattan sword and circumference and installs a plurality of rattan poles 141 of choosing to choose rattan pivot 14, garrulous rattan pivot 15 is located and chooses 14 tops of rattan pivot and circumference and installs a plurality of garrulous rattan sword 151, cut rattan sword 11, choose rattan pivot 14 and the cascaded arrangement of garrulous rattan pivot 15.

The outrigger rod 141 includes a long rod 142 and a short rod 143, and the front end of the long rod 142 has an outrigger part 144, and the outrigger part 144 is bent toward the rotation direction.

Example 2: a high-efficiency sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil, referring to the attached drawings 1-4, comprises a vine cutting mechanism 1, an excavating mechanism 2 and a collecting mechanism 3 which are arranged in series, wherein the vine cutting mechanism 1 comprises a vine cutting knife 11, a front travelling wheel 12 and a vine cutting box 13, the front end of the vine cutting box 13 is arranged with an opening, the vine cutting knife 11 is arranged at the bottom of the opening at the front end of the vine cutting box 13, and the front travelling wheel 12 is positioned at the bottom of the vine cutting box 13;

The rattan cutting knife 11 comprises a fixed knife rest 111 and a movable knife rest 112 which are arranged in a stacked mode, the movable knife rest 112 reciprocates along the length direction of the movable knife rest 112, a plurality of blades 113 are respectively arranged on the fixed knife rest 111 and the movable knife rest 112 in an array mode along the length direction of the fixed knife rest and the movable knife rest, the included angle between the blades 113 and the length direction of the knife rest is alpha, and alpha is larger than 0 degree and smaller than 180 degrees.

One end of the movable knife rest 112 is movably inserted in the side wall of the rattan cutting box 13, the other end of the movable knife rest is provided with a U-shaped bayonet 114, a rotating shaft 132 is installed on the rattan cutting box 13, the periphery of the rotating shaft 132 is provided with a ring cam 133, the ring cam 133 is embedded in the U-shaped bayonet 114, the included angle between the ring cam 133 and the axis of the rotating shaft 132 is beta, and beta is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees and more than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

Cut and install in the rattan case 13 and choose rattan pivot 14 and garrulous rattan pivot 15, choose rattan pivot 14 to be located and cut rattan sword 11 top and circumference and install a plurality of rattan poles 141 of choosing, garrulous rattan pivot 15 is located and chooses rattan pivot 14 top and circumference and installs a plurality of garrulous rattan sword 151, cut rattan sword 11, choose rattan pivot 14 and the cascaded arrangement of garrulous rattan pivot 15.

The outrigger rod 141 includes a long rod 142 and a short rod 143, and the front end of the long rod 142 has an outrigger portion 144, and the outrigger portion 144 is bent toward the rotation direction.

The bottom of the front end of the excavating box 22 is provided with a plurality of excavating blades 21, the excavating blades 21 are arranged along the advancing direction of the harvester, and a gap 211 for soil to pass through is reserved between the two excavating blades 21.

A plurality of yielding holes 231 for soil to pass through are reserved among the conveying rollers 23; the plurality of conveying rollers 23 are driven by one linear motor 232.

Example 3: the utility model provides a high-efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern land soil, refer to figure 1 ~ 4, including the rattan mechanism 1 that cuts that the series connection set up, excavate mechanism 2 and collection mechanism 3, wherein, cut rattan mechanism 1 including cutting rattan sword 11, preceding travelling wheel 12 and cut rattan case 13, the uncovered setting of front end of cutting rattan case 13 is in order to hold the place ahead tendril that is cut, cut rattan sword 11 and install in the open bottom of cutting the rattan case 13 front end and outstanding rattan case 13 of cutting and arrange so that the cutting, preceding travelling wheel 12 is located and cuts the rattan case 13 bottom and through independent motor drive, realize cutting advancing, retreating, advancing actions such as turn of rattan mechanism 1.

In order to realize uninterrupted cutting of the vines, the vine cutting knife 11 comprises a fixed knife rest 111 and a movable knife rest 112 which are arranged in a stacked mode, the movable knife rest 112 reciprocates along the length direction of the movable knife rest 112, the fixed knife rest 111 and the movable knife rest 112 are respectively arranged in an array mode along the length direction of the fixed knife rest and the movable knife rest, an included angle between each blade 113 and the length direction of the knife rest is alpha, alpha is 90 degrees, cutting edges of the blades 113 are arranged on two sides of each blade 113, and the vines located in the front of the advancing direction can be cut repeatedly through cooperation of the movable blades 113 and the fixed blades 113 which reciprocate.

Here, in order to realize the reciprocating motion of the movable knife rest in the length direction thereof, one end of the movable knife rest 112 is movably inserted into the side wall of the rattan cutting box 13, so that the end can slide back and forth along the length direction thereof, in order to avoid the movable knife rest from being separated from the rattan cutting box 13, a limiting part may be provided, the other end of the movable knife rest 112 is provided with a U-shaped bayonet 114, a rotating shaft 132 is mounted on the rattan cutting box 13, the periphery of the rotating shaft 132 is provided with a ring cam 133, the ring cam 133 is embedded in the U-shaped bayonet 114, an included angle between the ring cam 133 and the axis of the rotating shaft 132 is β, β is 30 °, the rotating ring cam 133 is used to drive the U-shaped bayonet 114 to move back and forth in the length direction of the movable knife rest 112, and thus the reciprocating motion of the movable knife rest 112 integrated with the U-shaped bayonet 114 is realized; the key point is that the axial direction of the rotating shaft is designed to be parallel to the moving direction of the movable tool rest 112.

After the vine cutter 11 crushes the vines, in order to avoid the vines from being accumulated near the vine cutter 11 and affecting the continuous work of the vine cutter, a vine picking rotating shaft 14 and a vine crushing rotating shaft 15 are further installed in the vine cutting box 13, the vine picking rotating shaft 14 is located above the vine cutter 11 and is circumferentially provided with a plurality of vine picking rods 141, the vine crushing rotating shaft 15 is located above the vine picking rotating shaft 14 and is circumferentially provided with a plurality of vine crushing cutters 151, the vine cutter 11, the vine picking rotating shaft 14 and the vine crushing rotating shaft 15 are arranged in a stepped mode, therefore, the cut vines are picked from the vine cutter 11 by the vine picking rods 141, the picked vines fall onto the vine crushing cutters 151, and the rotated vine crushing cutters 151 further cut and crush the vines to facilitate collection.

The digging mechanism 2 is used as a harvesting part of sweet potatoes and comprises digging knives 21, a digging box 22 and a conveying roller 23, wherein the digging knives 21 are arranged at the bottom of the front end of the digging box 22, the number of the digging knives is a plurality according to the width of the digging box 22, the digging knives are arranged along the advancing direction, the digging of the sweet potatoes in the soil is realized by utilizing the advancing kinetic energy, in order to realize the digging function, the digging box 22 is obliquely arranged, the lowest point of the digging knives 21 is lower than the bottom end of the money advancing wheel, so as to contact the soil, the design of specific digging depth is realized, and the digging mechanism is regulated again according to the operation place, the variety of the sweet potatoes and the tilling depth. And a plurality of conveying rollers 23 are arranged at the bottom of the digging box 22 and are vertical to the advancing direction, the excavated sweet potatoes are conveyed to the collecting mechanism, and a linear motor 232 is arranged on the outer side wall of the digging box 22 and is used for driving the conveying rollers 23 to rotate.

Because not only sweet potatoes but also attached soil are excavated by the digging knives 21, in order to clear a large amount of soil, on one hand, gaps 211 are reserved between the digging knives 21 to enable the soil to penetrate through, on the other hand, abdicating holes 231 are reserved between the conveying rollers 23, the soil is further screened out by rolling in the conveying process, and here, the design widths of the gaps 211 and the abdicating holes 231 are designed according to the size of the actual sweet potato variety, so that the sweet potatoes are guaranteed not to be screened out.

In order to collect the crushed vines, the collecting mechanism 3 is provided with an upper storage box 31, a delivery port 131 is formed in the rear end of the vine cutting box 13, the delivery port 131 is communicated with the upper storage box 31 through a conveyor belt 4, one end of the conveyor belt 4 extends into the delivery port 131 and is positioned below the vine crushing knife 151, and the other end of the conveyor belt extends upwards and is erected at an opening of the upper section of the upper storage box 31.

Similarly, in order to collect the sweet potatoes, the collecting mechanism 3 further comprises a lower storage box 32 positioned below the upper storage box 31, wherein a rear travelling wheel 33 is mounted at the bottom of the lower storage box 32, and the rear travelling wheel 33 can be designed to be driven independently or driven for use. The rear end of the digging box 22 is erected at the opening of the lower storage box 32, and sweet potatoes conveyed by the conveying rollers 23 can fall into the lower storage box 32 for storage.

In order to realize connection, the digging box 22 is arranged between the vine cutting mechanism 1 and the collecting mechanism 3 through the support 5, the support 5 has an up-and-down fine adjustment function by utilizing an air cylinder, the digging knife 21 is lifted, and the travelling and transportation of the harvester on a normal road surface are prevented from being influenced.

In addition, conveyer belt 4, axis of rotation 132, choose rattan pivot 14 and garrulous rattan pivot 15 to connect through a plurality of drive belts 6, conveyer belt 4, axis of rotation 132, choose one in rattan pivot 14 and the garrulous rattan pivot 15 to be connected with a driving motor 61, like this, can drive the subassembly operation in the rattan case 13 in step through a driving motor 61, reduce motor quantity, reduce cost improves the efficiency.

Claims

1. The efficient sweet potato harvester is suitable for southern flat soil and is characterized by comprising a vine cutting mechanism (1), an excavating mechanism (2) and a collecting mechanism (3) which are arranged in series, wherein the vine cutting mechanism (1) comprises a vine cutting knife (11), a front travelling wheel (12) and a vine cutting box (13), the front end of the vine cutting box (13) is open, the vine cutting knife (11) is mounted at the bottom of the front end opening of the vine cutting box (13), and the front travelling wheel (12) is located at the bottom of the vine cutting box (13);

the digging mechanism (2) comprises a digging blade (21), a digging box (22) and a plurality of conveying rollers (23), wherein the digging blade (21) is arranged at the bottom of the front end opening of the digging box (22), and the plurality of conveying rollers (23) are arranged at the bottom of the digging box (22);

the collecting mechanism (3) comprises an upper storage box (31) and a lower storage box (32) which are arranged in a lap joint mode, and a rear travelling wheel (33) arranged at the bottom of the lower storage box (32);

the rear end of the rattan cutting box (13) is provided with a conveying opening (131), and the conveying opening (131) is communicated with the upper storage box (31) through a conveying belt (4);

dig case (22) install through support (5) in cut between rattan mechanism (1) and collection mechanism (3), just dig case (22) slope setting, digger blade (21) bottom is less than preceding driving wheel (12) and back walking wheel (33), dig case (22) rear end and bin (32) intercommunication down.

2. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat land soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vine cutting knife (11) comprises a fixed knife rest (111) and a movable knife rest (112) which are arranged in a stacked manner, the movable knife rest (112) reciprocates along the length direction of the movable knife rest, the fixed knife rest (111) and the movable knife rest (112) are respectively arranged with a plurality of blades (113) in an array manner along the length direction of the fixed knife rest and the movable knife rest, the included angle between the blades (113) and the length direction of the knife rest is alpha, and the angle between the blades (113) and the length direction of the knife rest is alpha, and 0 degrees < alpha < 180 degrees.

3. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil as claimed in claim 2, wherein one end of the movable knife rest (112) is movably inserted into the side wall of the vine cutting box (13), the other end of the movable knife rest is provided with a U-shaped bayonet (114), a rotating shaft (132) is mounted on the vine cutting box (13), the periphery of the rotating shaft (132) is provided with a ring cam (133), the ring cam (133) is embedded into the U-shaped bayonet (114), and the included angle between the ring cam (133) and the axis of the rotating shaft (132) is β, 0 ° < β < 90 °, 90 ° < β < 180 °.

4. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern land soil according to claim 3, wherein the vine cutting box (13) is provided with a vine picking rotating shaft (14) and a vine smashing rotating shaft (15), the vine picking rotating shaft (14) is positioned above the vine cutting knife (11) and is circumferentially provided with a plurality of vine picking rods (141), the vine smashing rotating shaft (15) is positioned above the vine picking rotating shaft (14) and is circumferentially provided with a plurality of vine smashing knives (151), and the vine cutting knife (11), the vine picking rotating shaft (14) and the vine smashing rotating shaft (15) are arranged in a stepped manner.

5. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the outrigger rod (141) comprises a long rod (142) and a short rod (143), the long rod (142) has a front end with an outrigger portion (144), and the outrigger portion (144) is bent toward the rotation direction.

6. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat land soil according to claim 4, characterized in that the conveyor belt (4), the rotating shaft (132), the vine picking rotating shaft (14) and the vine crushing rotating shaft (15) are connected through a plurality of conveyor belts (6), and one of the conveyor belt (4), the rotating shaft (132), the vine picking rotating shaft (14) and the vine crushing rotating shaft (15) is connected with a driving motor (61).

7. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the front end of the digging box (22) has a plurality of digging knives (21), the digging knives (21) are arranged along the advancing direction of the harvester, and a gap (211) for soil to pass through is left between two digging knives (21).

8. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of the conveying rollers (23) have a concession hole (231) between them for soil to pass through.

9. The efficient sweet potato harvester suitable for southern flat soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of conveying rollers (23) are driven by one linear motor (232).