CN114980737A - 包含漂移阻滞剂的除草组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
包含漂移阻滞剂的除草组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114980737A CN114980737A CN202180008323.3A CN202180008323A CN114980737A CN 114980737 A CN114980737 A CN 114980737A CN 202180008323 A CN202180008323 A CN 202180008323A CN 114980737 A CN114980737 A CN 114980737A
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- salt
- composition concentrate
- weight
- dicamba
- agriculturally acceptable
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Abstract
描述了用于减少除草剂的异位移动或漂移的除草组合物。所述除草组合物可以包含漂移阻滞剂(DRA)以及至少一种生长素除草剂和乳化剂,如烷基多糖、磷酸酯、烷氧基化蓖麻油或其组合。还描述了制备此类组合物的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年01月10日提交的美国临时申请系列号62/959,429的权益和优先权,其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开内容一般地涉及包含至少一种生长素除草剂、至少一种漂移阻滞剂(DRA)和乳化剂的除草组合物浓缩物。本公开内容还一般地涉及制备此类除草组合物浓缩物以及用于除草施用混合物制备中的DRA组合物的方法。
背景技术
生长素除草剂,如麦草畏(3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸)和2,4-D(2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸),通常用于控制农业和非农业土地上对生长素敏感的植物生长。这些除草剂的异位移动已成为一个令人担忧的问题,并且可能导致这些除草剂的使用受到限制。例如,这些除草剂从施用地点迁移到邻近作物植物(如大豆和棉花)可能发生,从而对敏感植物造成接触损害。生长素除草剂异位移动可通过三种主要机制发生:喷雾中的小颗粒的物理移动或漂移、喷雾器的污染以及施用后除草剂的挥发性。孟山都(Monsanto)通过用商品名为VaporgripTM技术将乙酸钾添加到生长素除草剂制剂中来解决挥发性问题。
为解决漂移问题,可以在除草组合物中包含漂移阻滞剂(DRA)(也称为漂移减少剂或漂移控制剂)。用于除草喷雾的DRA可以通过改变喷嘴形成的颗粒的尺寸分布来发挥作用,例如,通过部分抑制最小颗粒(也称为可漂移细粉)的形成,其沉降最慢,且最容易随风漂移。“可漂移细粉”尺寸限度的定义各不相同,但通常认为直径低于150μm的颗粒容易漂移。通常有两种类型的DRA。第一种类型的DRA是聚合物,其可以增加喷雾混合物的拉伸粘度。这些聚合物,在商业实践中仅限于聚丙烯酰胺、聚环氧乙烷和瓜尔胶,可以将喷雾粒径分布转变至较大直径。尽管此类聚合物可对于一些喷嘴,例如,TeeJet的TurboInduction(TTITM)喷嘴和Ultra Lo-Drift(ULD)喷嘴,有效减少可漂移细粉,但其可能不太受欢迎,因为其可导致明显更粗的喷雾,这可提供更差的覆盖率,进而影响杂草控制。此外,如果将此类聚合物掺入除草制剂中,其通常会导致不可接受的高粘度。
第二种类型的DRA称为“油型”或“乳剂型”DRA。顾名思义,油型DRA(大部与水不混溶)可作为乳剂或微乳剂包含在罐式制剂中。这种类型的漂移阻滞剂可作为喷雾罐的添加剂以商标名称如Border EG(Precision Labs)和(Winfield)购得。这些油型或乳剂型DRA可有效抑制可漂移细粉,适用于各种喷嘴,并且可对喷雾的平均粒径影响较小;因此,提供了更好的应用覆盖率和除草效能。尽管使用油型或乳剂型DRA作为罐添加剂是常见且直接的,但将其添加到生长素除草剂制剂中仍然存在技术挑战,特别是在生产具有高生长素除草剂负载的生长素除草剂制剂时。例如,生长素除草剂,如麦草畏和2,4-D,通常以盐形式在浓缩水溶液中配制。众所周知,在浓盐溶液中稳定乳剂是非常困难的,因为乳化剂在高离子强度下的性能很差。当前的商业实例是Dow的Enlist和Enlist OneTM产品,其将专有乳剂型DRA加入2,4-D胆碱盐的水溶液中。Enlist还包含草甘膦的二甲胺盐。Clariant还发表了一份专有DRA的报告,其可加入麦草畏的二甘醇胺(DGA)盐中。
因此,其中具有加入的DRA以减少除草剂漂移的生长素除草剂组合物是所需要的,特别是相对于目前可获得的组合物而言除草效力没有显著降低的降低漂移的组合物。
发明内容
包含漂移阻滞剂(DRA)的新的和有用的除草组合物及其制备方法在所附权利要求中阐述。还提供了说明性实施方案以使得本领域技术人员能够制备和使用要求保护的主题。
在一个方面中,描述了一种除草组合物浓缩物。所述除草组合物浓缩物包含至少一种生长素除草剂、至少一种漂移阻滞剂和选自以下的乳化剂:磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油,及其组合。所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂包含以下一种或多种:大豆油或大豆油的甲酯;根据式I的化合物:
其中n是50–250;和式II的化合物
其中i+j+k=10至50和r+s+t=3至12。在一些实施方案中,所述生长素除草剂选自以下:麦草畏、麦草畏的农业上可接受的盐、麦草畏的农业上可接受的酯、2,4-D、2,4-D的农业上可接受的盐、2,4-D的农业上可接受的酯及其组合。在一些实施方案中,所述除草组合物还包含至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐。
在另一个方面中,描述了一种制备除草组合物浓缩物的方法。所述方法包括将至少一种生长素除草剂与至少一种漂移阻滞剂和乳化剂混合以形成除草组合物浓缩物。所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂包含以下一种或多种:大豆油或大豆油的甲酯;根据式I的化合物:
其中n是50–250;和式II的化合物
其中i+j+k=10至50和r+s+t=3至12。所述乳化剂选自以下:磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油,及其组合。在一些实施方案中,所述生长素除草剂选自以下:麦草畏、麦草畏的农业上可接受的盐、麦草畏的农业上可接受的酯、2,4-D、2,4-D的农业上可接受的盐、2,4-D的农业上可接受的酯及其组合。在一些实施方案中,所述方法还包括将至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐与至少一种生长素除草剂、至少一种漂移阻滞剂和乳化剂混合。
在另一个方面中,描述了用于制备除草施用混合物的漂移阻滞剂组合物。漂移阻滞剂组合物包含至少一种漂移阻滞剂和乳化剂。该至少一种漂移阻滞剂包含大豆油或大豆油的甲酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-,和十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯。所述乳化剂选自以下:磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油,及其组合。
通过阅读本专利申请,本领域技术人员将清楚本发明的进一步的益处。以下段落中描述的本发明的实施方案旨在说明本发明并且不应被视为缩小本发明的范围。
附图说明
图3说明了草甘膦和麦草畏组合物的湿度控制圆顶挥发性。
图4说明了其他草铵膦和麦草畏组合物的湿度控制圆顶挥发性。
具体实施方式
以下实例实施方案的描述提供了使本领域技术人员能够制备和使用所附权利要求中阐述的主题的信息,但是其可能省略本领域中已经众所周知的某些细节。因此,以下详细描述应视为说明性而非限制性的。
本发明提供了包含生长素除草剂的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述组合物表现出减少的漂移。特别地,除了生长素除草剂以外,所述组合物还包含至少一种漂移阻滞剂(DRA)和乳化剂。该至少一种漂移阻滞剂可以包含大豆油或大豆油的甲酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-,和十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯。所述乳化剂可以选自以下:磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油,及其组合。所述组合物还可以包含至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐,其用于降低除草剂在施用时的挥发性。
通常,生长素除草剂,如麦草畏和2,4-D,以盐形式在浓缩水溶液中配制。众所周知,在浓盐溶液中使乳剂稳定是非常困难的,因为乳化剂在高离子强度下的性能很差。此外,包含用于降低挥发性的一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐进一步提高了所述组合物的离子强度,随后增加了稳定油型DRA乳剂的难度和防止不希望的乳液化(creaming)的难度。然而,已经令人吃惊地发现,DRA的乳剂和微乳剂可以在含有生长素除草剂的溶液中稳定,特别是高负载的盐形式的生长素除草剂(例如,麦草畏的单乙醇胺(MEA)盐)以及包含一元羧酸或一元羧酸盐(如乙酸钾)的组合物。已经令人吃惊地发现,本文所述的DRA可以通过包含乳化剂(如磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油或其组合)以形成稳定的乳剂或微乳剂而与本文所述的生长素一起被包含。本文所述的组合物可以用少量DRA来控制漂移,例如,低至约0.5oz/英亩的DRA,大大低于InterlockTM的4-6oz/英亩的标示率。加入减少量的DRA对获得具有DRA和生长素除草剂的稳定乳剂和微乳剂制剂至关重要。
当按照标签指示使用很多常用喷嘴施用时,本文提供的组合物可以有利地防止生长素除草剂如麦草畏和2,4-D的漂移。此外,当需要DRA时,组合物可以提供合规性保证,从而增强产品管理。与单独购买和添加除草剂和DRA相比,将DRA加入除草组合物浓缩物中还为种植者和施用者提供了便利和成本节约。在各个不同方面中,本文所述的DRA导致通过喷嘴的细粉的显著抑制,如但不限于Greenleaf TurboXL(TDXL)、Lechler ID、Wilger DR、AIXR和TTI,而不会显著增加喷雾的平均粒径。本文所述的具有内置DRA的组合物能够改善喷雾质量,具有更好的覆盖率和杂草控制。
A.生长素除草剂组分
术语“生长素除草剂”是指起生长素植物生长激素类似物的作用,由此影响植物生长调节的除草剂。适用于本发明除草组合物中的生长素除草剂的实例包括而不限于苯甲酸除草剂、苯氧基除草剂、吡啶羧酸除草剂、吡啶氧基除草剂、嘧啶羧基除草剂、喹啉羧酸除草剂和苯并噻唑除草剂。
生长素除草剂的实例包括但不限于:3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸(麦草畏);2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D);4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丁酸(2,4-DB);滴丙酸(dichloroprop);2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基乙酸(MCPA);4-(4-氯-2-甲基苯氧基)丁酸(MCPB);4-氯苯氧基乙酸;2,4,5-三氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4,5-T);氯氨吡啶酸;二氯吡啶酸;氯氟吡氧乙酸;绿草定;2甲4氯丙酸;毒莠定;二氯喹啉酸;环丙嘧啶酸;草除灵;氟氯吡啶酸(halauxifen);氟氯吡啶酯(fluorpyrauxifen);甲基4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基)吡啶-2-羧酸;4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基)吡啶-2-羧酸;苄基4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基)吡啶-2-羧酸;甲基4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(7-氟-1-异丁酰基-1H-吲哚-6-基)吡啶-2-羧酸;甲基4-氨基-3-氯-6-[1-(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基]-5-氟吡啶-2-羧酸;甲基4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟-6-[7-氟-1-(甲氧基乙酰基)-1H-吲哚-6-基]吡啶-2-羧酸;甲基6-(1-乙酰基-7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基)-4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟吡啶-2-羧酸;丁基4-氨基-3-氯-5-氟-6-(7-氟-1H-吲哚-6-基)吡啶-2-羧酸,包括其盐和酯;其外消旋混合物和拆分异构体;及其组合。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含麦草畏,或其农业上可接受的盐或酯。适宜的麦草畏的盐的实例包括但不限于N,N-双-[氨基丙基]甲胺盐、单乙醇胺(MEA)盐、二甲胺盐(例如,等)、异丙胺盐、三乙醇胺(TEA)盐、二甘醇胺盐(例如,等)、钾盐和钠盐,及其组合。麦草畏及其农业上可接受的盐的市售来源包括以商品名DISTINCT、 和销售的那些产品。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含农业上可接受的麦草畏的盐,其中所述盐选自以下:N,N-[氨基丙基]甲胺盐、单乙醇胺盐、二甲胺盐、异丙胺盐、二甘醇胺盐、钾盐和钠盐,及其组合。
在本发明说明书的整个剩余部分中,当指称麦草畏或其农业上可接受的盐或酯时,本领域技术人员应理解本发明的原理普遍适用于生长素除草剂,包括上文所述的那些,且本发明不限于包含麦草畏或其农业上可接受的盐或酯的除草组合物。
另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含2,4-D或者其农业上可接受的盐或酯。适宜的2,4-D的盐的实例包括但不限于胆碱盐、二甲胺盐、三乙醇胺盐和异丙胺盐,及其组合。适宜的2,4-D酯的实例包括但不限于甲酯、乙酯、丙酯、丁酯(2,4-DB)和异辛酯,及其组合。2,4-D及其农业上可接受的盐和酯的市售来源包括以商品名FORMULAOPT-和WEEDAR销售的那些产品。
另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含农业上可接受的2,4-D的盐,其中所述盐选自以下:胆碱盐、二甲胺盐、三乙醇胺盐和异丙胺盐,及其组合。
另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含农业上可接受的2,4-D的酯,其中所述酯选自以下:丁酯(即,2,4-DB)和异辛酯,及其组合。
另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含至少两种生长素除草剂,例如,麦草畏或者其农业上可接受的盐或酯,和2,4-D或者其农业上可接受的盐或酯。
另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含农业上可接受的生长素除草剂盐(如麦草畏盐、2,4-D盐和/或2,4-DB盐),其为公开的申请US 2013/0109572中所描述的离子液体,即,在约150℃或更低的温度下为液体的盐。US 2013/0109572的全部文本通过引用并入本申请中。
B.漂移阻滞剂(DRA)组分
在各个方面中,DRA可以包含以下一种或多种:油或其酯、聚(乙二醇)单油酸酯和聚合物。
油或其酯可以按DRA的重量计以大于或等于约50%、大于或等于约60%、大于或等于约70%、大于或等于约80%、大于或等于约85%、大于或等于约90%或约95%;或者从约50%至约95%、约70%至约95%、约80%至约95%、约85%至约95%或者约90%至约95%的量存在于DRA中。聚(乙二醇)单油酸酯可以按DRA的重量计以大于或等于约0.10%、大于或等于约0.25%、大于或等于约0.5%、大于或等于约1%、大于或等于约5%或约10%;从约0.1%至约10%、约0.25%至约10%、约0.5%至约10%或者约1%至约5%的量存在于DRA中。聚合物可以按DRA的重量计以大于或等于约1%、大于或等于约3%、大于或等于约5%、大于或等于约10%、大于或等于约20%、大于或等于约30%、大于或等于约40%或约50%;或者从约1%至约50%、约3%至约50%、约5%至约40%或者约10%至约30%的量存在于DRA中。
适宜的油包括但不限于大豆油(例如,CAS登记号8001-22-7)或大豆油的酯,例如大豆油甲酯(例如,CAS登记号67784-80-9)。适宜的聚(乙二醇)单油酸酯包括但不限于式I的化合物:
其中n是50-250。在一些实施方案中,聚(乙二醇)单油酸酯可以是聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-(例如,CAS登记号9004-96-0)。
适宜的聚合物包括但不限于式II的化合物:
其中i+j+k=10至50或20至35和r+s+t=3至12或4至8。在任何实施方案中,i、j和k中的每一个都可以独立地为从0到50的整数、从0到35的整数、从0到20的整数、从0到10的整数、从1到50的整数、从1到35的整数、从1到20的整数、从1到10的整数、从5到50的整数、从5到35的整数、从5到20的整数或从5到10的整数。例如,i可以是1,j可以是5和k可以是4;或者i可以是0,j可以是10和k可以是12等等。在任何实施方案中,r、s和t中的每一个可以独立地是从0到12的整数、从0到8的整数、从0到4的整数、从0到3的整数、从1到12的整数、从1到8的整数、从1到4的整数、从1到3的整数、从2到12的整数、从2到8的整数、从2到4的整数或从2到3的整数。例如,r可以是1,s可以是1和t可以是1;或者r可以是0,s可以是3和t可以是5等等。在一些实施方案中,聚合物可以是十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯(例如,CAS登记号1939051-18-9)。
C.乳化剂组分
尽管已知除草剂如草甘膦的除草活性可以通过某些阳离子表面活性剂(例如,牛脂胺乙氧基化物)增强,发现此类表面活性剂与包含生长素除草剂(例如,麦草畏)和本文所述的DRA以及任选的一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐(例如,乙酸钾)的组合的组合物不相容。然而,已经令人吃惊的发现乳化剂(如磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油或其组合)可以包含在本文所述的组合物中,并且使DRA和生长素除草剂的乳剂或微乳剂稳定并防止DRA乳液化。如本文所用,“乳化剂”旨在涵盖表面活性剂和溶剂。此外,本文所述的乳化剂可提供相当水平的草甘膦抗杂草活性。因此,本文所述的组合物浓缩物可以控制漂移并提供两种除草剂(例如,麦草畏和草甘膦或麦草畏和草铵膦)在方便、稳定、浓缩的混合物中的有效组合,其任选地包含一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐(例如,乙酸钾,如VaporgripTMTechnology)以控制麦草畏的挥发性。
在任何实施方案中,乳化剂可以是磷酸酯。适宜的磷酸酯的实例包括但不限于脂肪酸的烷氧基化磷酸酯。烷氧基化可以包括任何长度的烷氧基链。例如,聚环氧乙烷或聚环氧丙烷。所述酯的实例包括聚乙二醇辛基磷酸酯、聚乙二醇异十三烷基磷酸酯、聚乙二醇鲸蜡硬脂基磷酸酯、聚乙二醇癸基磷酸酯、聚乙二醇油基磷酸酯、聚乙二醇聚丙二醇十六烷基磷酸酯、聚乙二醇十三烷基磷酸酯和聚乙二醇异十三烷基磷酸酯。可商购磷酸酯的非限制性实例包括8182、8181和8180、TAABS-8和TAABS-5。
另外或替代地,乳化剂可以是烷基多糖。适宜的烷基多糖的实例包括但不限于式(1)的化合物:
R11-O-(sug)u 式(1)
其中R11是直链或支链的取代的或未取代的烃基,其选自具有约4至约22个碳原子或约4至18个碳原子的烷基、烯基、烷基苯基、烯基苯基。sug部分是糖残基,并且可以是开放或环状(即,吡喃糖)结构。糖可以是具有5或6个碳原子的单糖、二糖、寡糖或多糖。适宜的糖部分的实例(包括其相应的吡喃糖形式)包括核糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、塔洛糖(telose)、古洛糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、艾杜糖、来苏糖、核酮糖、山梨糖(山梨聚糖)、果糖及其混合物。适宜的二糖的实例包括麦芽糖、乳糖和蔗糖。二糖、寡糖和多糖可以是两个或更多个相同糖的组合,例如麦芽糖(两个葡萄糖),或者两个或更多个不同糖的组合,例如蔗糖(葡萄糖和果糖的组合)。聚合度u是从1至约10、从1至约8、从1至约5、从1至约3和从1至约2的平均数。
在各种实施方案中,烷基多糖可以是式(1)的烷基多葡糖苷(APG)表面活性剂,其中:R11是优选具有4至22个碳原子或8至18个碳原子的支链或直链烷基,或平均值在给定范围内的烷基的混合物;sug是葡萄糖残基(例如,葡糖苷);和u是从1至约5,和更优选是从1至约3。在各种实施方案中,乳化剂组分包含式(1)的APG,其中R11是具有8至10个碳原子的支链或直链烷基或具有在给定范围内的平均值的烷基的混合物,并且u是从1至约3。
另外或替代地,乳化剂可以是烷氧基化蓖麻油,例如乙氧基化蓖麻油或丙氧基化蓖麻油。烷氧基化蓖麻油可以通过蓖麻油或氢化蓖麻油与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、乙二醇或丙二醇的反应制备。适宜的烷氧基化蓖麻油的实例包括但不限于可从Stepan ChemicalCompany获得的CO-40(40EO)、8242,和可从Croda Inc.获得的CirrasolTM G-1292(25EO)。其他非限制性实例包括8243和8244。其他适宜实例可以包括来自AkzoNobel Nouryon的Emulpon CO-550、CO-360、CO-200和来自Oxiteno的Surfom R 360和R 540。
D.一元羧酸/一元羧酸盐组分
“一元羧酸”是指仅含有一个羧基官能团的烃或取代烃(即,R1-C(O)OH)。“一元羧酸盐”是指盐(即,R1-C(O)OM,其中M为农业上可接受的阳离子)。在一个实施方案中,所述组合物包含至少一种一元羧酸盐,其在水性组合物中可全部或部分以离解形式作为一元羧酸根阴离子和相应的阳离子存在。
典型的一元羧酸和一元羧酸盐通常包含选自如下的烃或未取代烃:例如,未取代或取代的直链或支链烷基(例如,C1-C20烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丁基等)、未取代或取代的直链或支链链烯基(例如,C2-C20烃基,如乙烯基、正丙烯基、异丙烯基等)、未取代或取代的芳基(例如,苯基、羟基苯基等),或者未取代或取代的芳烷基(例如,苄基)。在一个实施方案中,所述一元羧酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和苯甲酸。在另一实施方案中,所述一元羧酸盐选自甲酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐和苯甲酸盐。
在一个实施方案中,所述除草组合物包含具有式R1-C(O)OM的一元羧酸盐,其中R1为未取代或取代的C1-C10烷基,且M为非氨的农业上可接受的阳离子。在另一实施方案中,所述除草组合物包含具有式R1-C(O)OM的一元羧酸盐,其中R1为未取代的C1-C6烷基,且M为碱金属盐。在另一实施方案中,所述除草组合物包含具有式R1-C(O)OM的一元羧酸盐,其中R1为未取代的C1-C3烷基,且M为选自钠和钾的碱金属盐。在另一实施方案中,所述一元羧酸盐为乙酸钾。在另一实施方案中,所述一元羧酸盐为乙酸钠。
在任何实施方案中,本文所述的除草组合物浓缩物可具有优选等于或高于一元羧酸(如果存在于组合物中)的酸解离常数(pKa)的pH。例如,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含乙酸(其具有约4.8的pKa)并且具有等于或大于约4.8的pH。
E.碱金属磷酸盐/碱金属碳酸盐
除草组合物浓缩物可任选地进一步包含碱金属磷酸盐,如磷酸氢二钾。例如,磷酸氢二钾可为本发明的水性除草组合物提供额外的缓冲和/或水调节(water-conditioning)。在使用硬水制备的除草组合物施用混合物中,磷酸氢二钾作为硫酸铵的替代品特别有效。
另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物可任选地进一步包含碱金属碳酸盐,如碳酸钾,以为本发明的水性除草组合物提供额外的缓冲和/或水调节。
F.非除草剂添加剂
除草组合物浓缩物可任选地进一步包含常规添加剂,如其他表面活性剂、安全剂、增溶剂、增稠剂、流动增强剂、泡沫调节剂、冷冻保护剂、UV保护剂、防腐剂、抗微生物剂和/或其他添加剂,其对于改善组合物的性能、作物安全性或操作而言是必要的或所需的。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含少于约10ppm的硫酸铵。在另一个实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物不包含硫酸铵。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物不包含除一元羧酸以外的酸。
G.其他除草剂组分
除草组合物浓缩物可任选地包含至少一种其他除草剂。其他除草剂的代表性实例包括但不限于羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂、乙酰基-CoA羧化酶(ACC酶)抑制剂、乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂、乙酰羟酸合酶(AHAS)抑制剂、光系统II(PS II)抑制剂、光系统I(PS I)抑制剂、原卟啉原氧化酶(PPO或Protox)抑制剂、类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂、烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸(EPSP)合成酶抑制剂、谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂、二氢蝶酸合成酶抑制剂、有丝分裂抑制剂、核酸抑制剂、纤维素抑制剂、氧化磷酸化解偶联剂、二氢蝶酸合成酶抑制剂、脂肪酸和脂质生物合成抑制剂、生长素转运抑制剂,其盐和酯,其外消旋混合物和拆分异构体,及其混合物;其盐和酯;其外消旋混合物和拆分异构体;及其组合。
施用混合物可以通过稀释如本文所述的水性除草浓缩组合物来制备。其他除草剂可以与由本文所述的水性除草浓缩组合物制备的施用混合物“罐混合”。
下面提供了这些类别的其他除草剂中的除草剂的实例。当除草剂在本文中通过名称类属地提及时,除非另有限制,该除草剂包括本领域公知的所有可商购形式,如盐、酯、游离酸和游离碱以及其立体异构体。
HPPD抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于苯草醚、杀草强、氟丁酰草胺、吡草酮、异噁草酮、吡氟酰草胺、氟啶草酮、氟咯草酮、呋草酮、异噁氯草酮、异噁唑草酮、硝磺草酮、氟草敏、氟吡酰草胺、吡唑特、苄草唑、磺草酮、环磺酮、苯唑草酮、tolpyralate、特呋三酮,其盐和酯,及其混合物。
ACC酶抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于禾草灭、丁苯草酮、烯草酮、噻草酮、唑啉草酯、稀禾定、吡喃草酮和肟草酮,其盐和酯,及其混合物。另一组ACC酶抑制剂包括块禾灵(chlorazifop)、炔草酯、氯丁草(clofop)、氰氟草酯、禾草灵(diclofop)、氯甲草(diclofop-methyl)、噁唑禾草灵、噻唑禾草灵、吡氟禾草灵、吡氟氯禾灵、异噁草醚、噁唑酰草胺、喔草酯、喹禾灵和三氟苯氧丙酸(trifop),其盐和酯,及其混合物。ACC酶抑制剂还包括一种或多种“dim”和一种或多种“fop”的混合物,及其盐和酯。
ALS或AHAS抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于酰嘧磺隆、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfruon)、苄脒磺隆、双草醚、氯嘧磺隆、氯磺隆、醚磺隆、氯酯磺草胺、环丙嘧磺隆、双氯磺草胺、胺苯磺隆、乙氧嘧磺隆、啶嘧磺隆、双氟磺草胺、氟唑磺隆、氟吡磺隆、唑嘧磺草胺、氟啶嘧磺隆、甲酰胺磺隆、氯吡嘧磺隆、咪草酸、甲氧咪草烟、甲基咪草烟、灭草烟、灭草喹、咪草烟、咪唑磺隆、碘甲磺隆、甲磺隆、烟嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺、氟嘧磺隆、丙苯磺隆、氟磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、嘧啶肟草醚、嘧硫草醚、砜嘧磺隆、甲嘧磺隆、磺酰磺隆、噻酮磺隆、噻吩磺隆、醚苯磺隆、苯磺隆、三氟啶磺隆和氟胺磺隆,其盐和酯,及其混合物。
光系统I抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于敌草快和百草枯,其盐和酯,及其混合物。光系统II抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于莠灭净、胺唑草酮、莠去津、苯达松、除草啶、溴苯腈、绿麦隆、氰草津、甜菜安、敌草净、噁唑隆、敌草隆、伏草隆、环嗪酮、碘苯腈、异丙隆、利谷隆、苯嗪草酮、甲基苯噻隆、甲氧隆、嗪草酮、绿谷隆、甜菜宁、扑灭通、扑草净、敌稗、杀草敏、哒草特、环草隆、西玛津、西草净、丁噻隆、特草定、甲氧去草净、特丁津和草达津,其盐和酯,及其混合物。
PPO抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于二苯醚类(三氟羧草醚、治草醚、甲氧除草醚、草枯醚、氟乳醚、乙羧氟草醚、氟磺胺草醚、乳氟禾草灵、乙氧氟草醚)、N-苯基邻苯二甲酰亚胺类(吲哚酮草酯、fumiclorac、氟亚胺草酯、丙炔氟草胺)、噁二唑类(丙炔噁草酮、噁草酮)、噁唑烷二酮类(环戊噁草酮)、苯基吡唑类(异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、吡草醚)、嘧啶二酮类(双苯嘧草酮、氟丙嘧草酯、苯嘧磺草胺、[3-[2-氯-4-氟-5-(1-甲基-6-三氟甲基-2,4-二氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢嘧啶-3-基)苯氧基]-2-吡啶氧基]乙酸乙酯、噻二唑类(嗪草酸甲酯、噻二唑草胺)、三嗪酮类(三氟草嗪)、三唑啉酮类(唑啶草酮、唑草酮、甲磺草胺)和其他(氟哒嗪草酯、氟唑草胺、双唑草腈)。
类胡萝卜素生物合成抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于苯草醚、杀草强、吡氟草胺、硝磺草酮和磺草酮。
EPSP抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于N-膦酰基甲基甘氨酸(草甘膦)。
谷氨酰胺合成酶抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于草铵膦。
二氢蝶酸合成酶抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于磺草灵。
有丝分裂抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于乙草胺、甲草胺、氟硫草定、S-异丙甲草胺和噻草啶。
核酸抑制剂的代表性实例包括但不限于野燕枯、杀木膦、威百亩和壬酸。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物还包含选自以下的其他除草剂:乙草胺、草甘膦、草铵膦、丙炔氟草胺、氟磺胺草嘧及其农业上可接受的盐。
在一个实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物还包含草甘膦或其农业上可接受的盐。适宜的草甘膦盐包括,例如,铵盐、二铵盐、二甲铵盐、单乙醇胺盐、异丙胺盐和钾盐,及其组合。在任何实施方案中,草甘膦盐选自单乙醇胺盐、异丙胺盐和钾盐,及其组合。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物还包含草铵膦或其农业上可接受的盐。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物包含麦草畏或其农业上可接受的盐或酯,和草甘膦或其农业上可接受的盐。另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物包含麦草畏或其农业上可接受的盐;草甘膦或其农业上可接受的盐;和非氨的农业上可接受的乙酸盐。草甘膦及其农业上可接受的盐的市售来源包括以商品名HONCHOROUNDUP 和销售的那些产品。
另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物包含2,4-D或其农业上可接受的盐或酯,和草甘膦或其农业上可接受的盐。另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物包含2,4-D或其农业上可接受的盐或酯;草甘膦或其农业上可接受的盐;和非氨的农业上可接受的乙酸盐。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物包含麦草畏或其农业上可接受的盐或酯,和草铵膦或其农业上可接受的盐。另外或替代地,除草组合物浓缩物包含2,4-D或其农业上可接受的盐或酯,和草铵膦或其农业上可接受的盐。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物包含农业上可接受的非生长素除草剂盐(如草甘膦盐),其是在公开申请US2013/0109572中描述的离子液体,即,在约150℃或更低温度下为液体的盐。
H.组分负载
1.除草剂负载:
本文所述的除草组合物浓缩物可以在施用前用水稀释。如本文所述的浓缩除草组合物通常可以包含基于酸当量(a.e.或ae),例如,从约120至约600g a.e./L、从约300至约600g a.e./L、从约350至约600g a.e./L、从约400至约600g a.e./L、从约450至约600ga.e./L或从约500至约600g a.e./L的总除草剂负载。如本文所用,术语“总除草剂负载”涵盖当组合物中仅存在一种除草剂时的除草剂负载,例如,一种生长素除草剂或一种非生长素除草剂,以及当存在一种或多种除草剂(例如,两种生长素除草剂或者生长素除草剂和非生长素除草剂)时的总负载。代表性总除草剂负载的其他实例包括约120、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550和600g a.e./L及其范围(即,从约120至约150g a.e./L、从约150至约200g a.e./L、从约200至约250g a.e./L、从约250至约300g a.e./L、从约300至约350g a.e./L、从约350至约400g a.e./L、从约400至约450g a.e./L、从约450至约500ga.e./L、从约500至约550g a.e./L、从约550至约600g a.e./L的总除草剂负载)。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物可以是液体浓缩物,其包含,例如,以组合物浓缩物的重量计,大于或等于约5%、大于或等于约10%、大于或等于约15%、大于或等于约20%、大于或等于约30%、大于或等于约40%、大于或等于约50%、大于或等于约60%或约70%的除草剂的总量(酸当量重量)。另外或替代地,除草组合物是液体浓缩物,其包含,例如,以组合物浓缩物的重量计,从约5%至约70%、约5%至约60%、约5%至约50%、约10%至约40%、约10%至约30%或约10%至约20%的除草剂的总量(酸当量重量)。
在包含生长素除草剂和非生长素除草剂的除草组合物浓缩物中,以酸当量计,生长素除草剂与非生长素除草剂的重量比通常不大于约50:1,例如,约50:1、25:1、10:1、5:1、3:1、2:1、1:1、1:2、1:3、1:5、约1:10或其范围,如从约50:1至约1:10、从约50:1至约1:5、从约50:1至约1:1、从约50:1至约3:1、从约50:1至约5:1、从约50:1至约10:1、从约25:1至约1:1或从约25:1至约3:1。
在特定实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含以组合物浓缩物重量计约5%至约70%、约5%至约60%、约5%至约50%、约10%至约40%、约10%至约30%或者约10%至约20%的量(酸当量重量)的生长素除草剂,和以组合物浓缩物重量计约10%至约70%、约15%至约60%、约15%至约50%或者约20%至约40%的量(酸当量重量)的非生长素除草剂。
对于任何给定的生长素除草剂,本领域技术人员可以使用常规实验容易地测定生长素除草剂的最小浓度以及除草组合物中所含的生长素除草剂与任何其他生长素除草剂和/或非生长素除草剂的最小比率,这对于预期的应用是需要的。
2.漂移阻滞剂(DRA)负载:
在任何实施方案中,在组合物浓缩物中可以存在如本文所述的至少一种DRA,以组合物浓缩物重量计,总DRA负载大于或等于约1%、大于或等于约2%、大于或等于约5%、大于或等于约8%、大于或等于约10%、大于或等于约12%、大于或等于约15%或约20%。如本文所用,术语“总DRA负载”涵盖当组合物中仅存在一种DRA时的DRA负载以及当存在一种或多种DRA时的总负载。另外或替代地,在组合物浓缩物中可以存在至少一种DRA,以组合物浓缩物重量计,总DRA负载约1%至约20%、约1%至约15%、约2%至约12%、约2%至约10%、或约或5%至约10%。
3.乳化剂总负载
在任何实施方案中,在组合物浓缩物中可以存在如本文所述的乳化剂,以组合物浓缩物重量计,总乳化剂负载大于或等于约1wt.%、大于或等于约2wt.%、大于或等于约3wt.%、大于或等于约4wt.%、大于或等于约5wt.%、大于或等于约6wt.%、大于或等于约7wt.%、大于或等于约8wt.%、大于或等于约9wt.%、大于或等于约10wt.%、大于或等于约12wt.%、大于或等于约15wt.%、大于或等于约20wt.%、大于或等于约25wt.%、大于或等于约25wt.%或约30wt.%。如本文所用,术语“总乳化剂负载”涵盖当组合物中仅存在一种乳化剂时的乳化剂负载以及当存在一种或多种乳化剂时的总负载。另外或替代地,在组合物浓缩物中可以存在乳化剂,以组合物浓缩物重量计,总乳化剂负载约1wt.%至约30%wt.%、约1wt.%至约25%wt.%、约2wt.%至约25wt.%、约3wt.%至约25wt.%、约4wt.%至约25wt.%、约5wt.%至约25wt.%、约5wt.%至约20wt.%、约10wt.%至约20wt.%、约15wt.%至约20wt.%或约10wt.%至约15wt.%。
4.一元羧酸/一元羧酸盐负载:
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含单一一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐,或者两种或更多种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的混合物。
在各种实施方案中,围绕含生长素除草剂和一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的除草组合物的蒸气相中的挥发生长素除草剂的浓度低于围绕不含所述一元羧酸盐的参比组合物的蒸气相中的挥发生长素除草剂的浓度的约90%、80%、70%、60%、50%、40%、30%、20%、10%或5%。
除草组合物的一元羧酸或一元羧酸盐负载通常可取决于所述除草组合物的生长素除草剂负载、所述生长素除草剂的盐形式和所述除草组合物的任何其他组分的性质,且为足以降低所述生长素除草剂挥发性的量(相对于不含所述一元羧酸或一元羧酸盐但其他方面具有相同组成的参比组合物)。例如,麦草畏的单乙醇胺盐和二甘醇胺盐的挥发性比麦草畏的二甲胺盐和异丙胺盐低,并且较低挥发性盐所需的负载可小于较高挥发性盐所需的负载。此外,所述一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的负载可随生长素除草剂、任选的非生长素除草剂和一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的具体组合而变化。
在本文所述的除草组合物浓缩物中,所述生长素除草剂与所述一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的摩尔比通常不小于约1:10且不大于约10:1。生长素除草剂酸当量(a.e.)与总一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的代表性摩尔比例如为从1:10至约10:1、从约3:10至约10:1、从约1:5至约5:1和从约3:1至约1:3。在任何实施方案中,生长素除草剂与一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的摩尔比为约2:1至约1:2。在任何实施方案中,生长素除草剂与一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的摩尔比为约1:1。
在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含以浓缩物重量计从约0.25%至约35%、约5%至约30%或约5%至约20%的量(酸当量重量)的一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐。
5.碱金属磷酸盐/碱金属碳酸盐负载
当除草组合物浓缩物包含碱金属磷酸盐如磷酸氢二钾时,所述碱金属磷酸盐与所述一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的摩尔比可例如为从约1:5至约5:1、从约3:1至约1:3或从约2:1至约1:2。在任何实施方案中,碱金属磷酸盐与一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的摩尔比为约1:1。
当所述除草组合物浓缩物包含碱金属碳酸盐如碳酸钾时,所述碱金属碳酸盐与所述一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的摩尔比可例如为从约1:5至约5:1、从约3:1至约1:3或从约2:1至约1:2。在任何实施方案中,碱金属碳酸盐与一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的摩尔比为约1:1。
I.制备除草组合物浓缩物的方法
还提供了制备如本文所述的除草组合物浓缩物的方法。所形成的除草组合物浓缩物可以是乳剂或微乳剂。所述方法可以包括将至少一种如本文所述的生长素除草剂与至少一种如本文所述的漂移阻滞剂(DRA)和如本文所述的乳化剂混合以形成除草组合物浓缩物。例如,DRA可以包含大豆油或大豆油的甲酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-,和十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯。DRA可以包含以DRA重量计约80%至约95%的量的大豆油或大豆油的甲酯,以DRA重量计约0.25%至约10%的量的聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-和以DRA重量计约3%至约50%的量的十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯。
乳化剂可以选自磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油及其组合。例如,至少一种生长素除草剂可以选自麦草畏、麦草畏的农业上可接受的盐(例如,N,N-[氨基丙基]甲胺盐、单乙醇胺盐、二甲胺盐、异丙胺盐、二甘醇胺盐、钾盐和钠盐,及其组合)、麦草畏的农业上可接受的酯、2,4-D、2,4-D的农业上可接受的盐、2,4-D的农业上可接受的酯及其组合。
组合物浓缩物的总除草剂负载可以如本文所述,例如,以组合物浓缩物重量计约5%至约50%的量(酸当量重量)。组合物浓缩物的总DRA负载可以如本文所述,例如,以组合物浓缩物重量计约2%至约10%的量。组合物浓缩物的总乳化剂负载可以如本文所述,例如,以组合物浓缩物重量计约1%至约20%的量。
在任何实施方案中,所述方法还可以包括在与至少一种漂移阻滞剂和乳化剂混合之前将至少一种生长素除草剂与水混合以形成水溶液。另外或替代地,所述方法还可以包括将至少一种一元羧酸(例如,乙酸)或其一元羧酸盐(例如,乙酸钾)与至少一种生长素除草剂、至少一种漂移阻滞剂和乳化剂混合。在任何实施方案中,除草组合物浓缩物可以包含以浓缩物重量计,例如,约5%至约30%的如本文所述的一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐的量(酸当量重量)和/或例如,约1:10至约10:1的如本文所述的至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐与生长素除草剂的摩尔比。
另外或替代地,所述方法还可以包括将至少一种其他除草剂(例如,草甘膦、草甘膦的农业上可接受的盐、草铵膦、草铵膦的农业上可接受的盐及其组合)与至少一种生长素除草剂、至少一种DRA和乳化剂混合。任选地,可以添加消泡剂以抑制混合时泡沫的形成。适宜的消泡剂包括但不限于有机硅消泡剂,例如,可以从Momentive获得的SAG 1572。在除草组合物浓缩物中可以存在如本文所述的量(酸当量重量)的其他除草剂,例如,以组合物重量计约15%至约60%。
J.漂移阻滞剂(DRA)组合物
本文还提供了用于制备除草施用混合物的漂移阻滞剂(DRA)组合物。DRA组合物可以包含至少一种如本文所述的DRA和如本文所述的乳化剂。例如,DRA可以包含大豆油或大豆油的甲酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-,和十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯。乳化剂可以是,例如,磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油或其组合。本文预期,该DRA组合物可以与其他组分如本文所述的除草剂和/或如本文所述的一元羧酸/一元羧酸盐和/或水混合,以形成施用混合物。
已经详细描述了本发明,很明显,在不脱离所附权利要求限定的本发明范围的情况下可能进行修改和变化。
实施例
提供以下非限制性实施例以进一步说明本发明。应当注意的是,下面的组合物实施例是基于最初组合以形成所报告的罐混合物或浓缩物的组分而呈现的。本发明的各种实施方案旨在涵盖此类初始组合物以及由一旦组合的组分之间的相互作用产生的任何相应组合物,如通过将一元羧酸与中和碱组合而原位形成一元羧酸盐的情况。
除非另有说明,否则以下实施例中使用的2601包括:
大豆油(CAS登记号8001-22-7),以重量计80%至95%的范围内;
聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-(CAS登记号9004-96-0),以重量计0.25%至10%的范围内;和
十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯(CAS登记号1939051-18-9),以重量计3%至50%的范围内。
除非另有说明,否则以下实施例中使用的2602包括:
大豆油甲酯(CAS登记号67784-80-9),以重量计80%至95%的范围内;
聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-(CAS登记号9004-96-0),以重量计0.25%至10%的范围内;和
十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯(CAS登记号1939051-18-9),以重量计3%至50%的范围内。
实施例1-不含VaporgripTM的麦草畏和2,4-D Straight-Goods组合物
制备表1中所示的漂移阻滞剂制剂。将所有组分在具有磁力搅拌的烧杯中混合。添加单乙醇胺(MEA)以中和麦草畏制剂中的磷酸酯。
表1:不含VaporgripTM的生长素Straight-Goods制剂
对这些制剂进行喷雾粒径研究,所有这些制剂都具有在喷雾罐中提供2oz/ac比率的漂移阻滞剂浓度(图1A-B)。收集的所有数据均为1120/560g/ha ae,每英亩(ac,0.404686ha)10加仑(37.8541升)。粒径数据来自Q164 Spray Particle Size Facility,在6个’05喷嘴上进行,压力为40psi。制剂1-3和制剂1-1内置制剂与Roundup进行罐混合。制备所有罐混合物而以10加仑/英亩递送560/1120g/ha ae麦草畏/草甘膦。
发现在大多数喷嘴上,2oz/ac 2601内置制剂1-1(其与Roundup罐混合)提供可漂移的细粉的抑制(体积%<150μm),这与的高比率相当。在40psi下与制剂1-1一起使用的Wilger DR 11005和Greenleaf TDXL 11005喷嘴在与Xtendimax/相同的压力下提供与TTI 11005喷嘴一样低的细粉。以2oz/ac,2602也提供显著减少的可漂移细粉,但2601在该比率下更有效一些。与聚合物漂移剂不同,乳剂漂移剂对体积加权平均粒径Dv50(也称为VMD)影响很小。
实施例2-具有2,4-D的TEA盐和DRA的组合物
基于39.4%a.e.的2,4-D TEA盐溶液开发了在2,4-D的TEA盐中的漂移阻滞剂的常规乳剂,如下表2所示。开发了三种表现出良好物理稳定性的制剂。
表2:具有DRA的2,4-D TEA组合物
实施例3-含有VaporgripTM的麦草畏Straight-Goods组合物
组合物3-1和3-2由麦草畏储备液制备(表3),其与漂移阻滞剂混合,然后添加分散剂,并用turrax高剪切混合器以10krpm搅拌混合物约15秒。
表3:含有DRA和VaporgripTM的麦草畏组合物
表4:含高负载VaporgripTM的Straight-goods麦草畏组合物
表5:表4中的组合物与表3中的组合物的比较
实施例4–湿度控制圆顶(Humidome)研究
将组合物4-1、4-2和4-3作为与RoundupI和与的罐混合物提交用于湿度控制圆顶研究。将具有或不具有乙酸钾罐混合辅助剂的Xtendimax(Xmax)-Powermax(PMax)作为对照。将新的1-1/8lb草甘膦比率用于RoundupI和34-oz比率的结果如表6和图2A-B所示。表10中的数据表明,组合物4-2和4-3中的VaporgripTM水平将高比率罐混合物的挥发性降至金标准Xmax-Pmax-乙酸钾罐混合物的水平。使用I,没有一种制剂达到该水平,但与在该测定中使用Xtendimax-Powermax通常可见的水平0.2-0.5ng/L相比(在该实验中未进行),两种制剂均将麦草畏挥发性降低大约一个数量级。
表6:麦草畏挥发性,以24小时内的平均空气浓度表示
罐混合物 | 麦草畏,ng/L |
Xmax-Pmax-乙酸钾 | 0.004 |
组合物4-1-Pmax | 0.056 |
组合物4-2-Pmax | 0.030 |
组合物4-3-PMax | 0.015 |
Xmax-Liberty | 0.593 |
组合物4-1-Liberty | 0.025 |
组合物4-2-Liberty | 0.005 |
组合物4-3-Liberty | 0.004 |
表7:具有改进的乳化的组合物4-2的变体
麦草畏straight goods制剂,特别是组合物4-2,提供了对漂移和挥发性的出色控制。
实施例5-麦草畏-草甘膦与VaporgripTM的预混物
如下表所示,制备用于乳化漂移剂的含有麦草畏:乙酸1:1.5mol:mol的基础制剂8-1。
表8:制剂8-1
实施例6–温室测试
通过取表9中所示组分,并添加表8中所示基础制剂8-1的余量,制备一系列制剂GO5、JO3、JO5、EO5、IO5。显示了以半比率(560-280g/ha a.e.草甘膦-麦草畏)的ELEIN控制的温室测试。
表9:使用含有用磷酸酯分散的2602的制剂以560-280g/ha a.e.草甘膦-麦草畏的牛筋草(ELEIN)控制
实施例7-具有增加量的表面活性剂的制剂的制备
还制备了具有增加水平的Crodafos O5A和Agnique PG 264的制剂。通过取表10中所示的组分,并且添加在室温和54℃下微乳化过夜且添加和不添加5%水的基础制剂8-1(MEA麦草畏,56.19%ae+MEA草甘膦,44.8%ae)的余量制备一系列制剂‘531、‘541、‘551、‘522、‘532、‘542、‘523、‘533、‘524、‘525,如下表所示。
表10:具有增加的Crodafos O5A和Agnique PG 264的制剂
表11:麦草畏-草甘膦-VaporgripTM制剂的比重和负载
表12:预混制剂‘542
表13:高-VaporgripTM制剂,制剂13-1和13-2
表13显示了制剂13-1,其特征是乙酸:麦草畏比率为3.5:1,其中麦草畏/草甘膦a.e.为9.5%/21.7%,包含染料、消泡剂(SAG 1572)和铁安全剂。
实施例8-麦草畏-草铵膦与VaporgripTM的预混物
将草铵膦溶解在水中并搅拌,然后添加乙酸钾,搅拌溶解。将55%a.e.MEA麦草畏与漂移减少剂2602和乳化剂Crodafos一起加入,并且搅拌直至均匀。添加表面活性剂并搅拌至少20分钟。
表14:具有Vaporgrip和DRA的麦草畏-草铵膦制剂
表15:具有Vaporgrip和DRA的麦草畏-草铵膦制剂
表16:具有Vaporgrip和漂移阻滞剂的麦草畏-草铵膦制剂
实施例9-杂草效能研究:
A.麦草畏-草甘膦与VaporgripTM的预混物
温室研究:
在ELEIN和ABUTH上评价了制剂‘541、‘551、‘542和‘533(见表11)对比Powermax/Xtendimax和第一代Roundup Xtend的功效(表18)。还测试了使用TDXL和TTI喷嘴的预混制剂的功效。所有标准品(包括Roundup Xtend、Enlist Duo和罐混处理)均仅使用TTI喷嘴喷洒,而预混制剂使用TTI和TDXL喷嘴喷洒。施用率为560/1120g/ha ae麦草畏/草甘膦。对比制剂是不含任何辅助剂的草甘膦钾。总体而言,与Roundup Xtend和PowerMax+Xtendimax罐混合物相比,四种预混制剂的表现非常好。使用TTI和TEDx喷嘴的预混制剂之间没有观察到显著差异。通常,在大多数情况下,TTI在数值上优于TDXL。具有较低表面活性剂的制剂‘541对杂草较弱,但其他三种制剂彼此相当,并且与Powermax/Xtendimax对照相当。
田间研究:
在孟山都的16个田野地点进行了田间实验或试验。使用具有三次重复的组不平衡区块(GUBD)设计,能力(power)大于80%,并使用当LSD=5时-10的等价下限和<5的δ用于评价。每年的田间准备包括秋季耙地(disking),然后是春季耙地。除了春季耙地以外,如果有本地杂草种群,则以标签率应用无残留的燃尽化学药剂以开始清洁田地,并确保任何本地杂草库与种植的杂草物种处于同一生长阶段。将杂草种子(4种阔叶和4种草本种,物种取决于位置)种植到10x20ft的地块上。当杂草测量为4-7英寸高时,使用CO2加压背包式喷雾器或配有Teejet TTI110015喷嘴的精密多喷杆喷雾器在15 GPS下进行除草剂处理。在所有试验中,在处理后14天和21天(DAT)以0至100%的标度记录每种杂草物种的视觉杂草控制或生长抑制等级,其中0=无控制或生长抑制,并且100=植物死亡。分析了每个杂草组(即,阔叶杂草和草本种)中不同杂草物种的数据。将试验中的试验和重复认为是随机效应,并且将除草剂处理认为是固定效应。
如表18所示,在16个地点,对20种处理(包括罐混合物和0.5X比率)的阔叶和草本种控制的控制百分比进行评价。仅针对阔叶的条目1-4(单独的麦草畏对照)表现出在4种处理中对阔叶的平均控制没有显著差异。在草本种上没有观察到条目1-4的平均控制百分比的显著活性。条目5和6(单独的草甘膦对照)在阔叶或草本种的处理之间没有显著差异。条目7-14(麦草畏和草甘膦的预混物和罐混合物)在平均阔叶控制中彼此之间没有显著差异,并且相当于Xtendimax加Roundup Powermax加Intact的商业罐混合物检查。当查看单个物种水平时,在阔叶物种上,等效性的唯一区别是制剂‘541,其在全比率下控制红根苋(redroot pigweed)时明显较低,然而,当以半X比率施用时,其与所有其他处理相当。在单个草本种物种上,唯一的显著差异是使用Xtendimax加Roundup Powermax加Intact的罐混合物的商业控制对黍稷(Proso millet)的控制要低得多。将半X比率用于尝试进一步对处理之间进行区分,然而,在阔叶和草本物种控制两者中,所有0.5X条目(15-20)彼此之间相当。
表17:具有内置DRA的草甘膦+麦草畏预混制剂的功效(%控制)
表18:阔叶和草本种控制在21DAT的平均出苗后阔叶控制
表19:在ABUTH、AMAPA和PANMI中草铵膦/麦草畏制剂的温室功效数据
表20:在GLXMA和GOSHI中草铵膦/麦草畏制剂的温室作物安全性数据
实施例10–具有DRA和VaporgripTM的麦草畏微乳剂组合物
将乙酸和氢氧化钾以给定比率混合,然后以无特定顺序添加其他成分,以提供下表21-26中所示的微乳剂组合物。
表21:具有DRA和1:1 VaporgripTM:麦草畏比率的麦草畏微乳剂组合物
表22:具有DRA和1.5:3.0 VaporgripTM:麦草畏比率的麦草畏微乳剂组合物
表23:具有DRA和2:1 VaporgripTM:麦草畏比率的麦草畏微乳剂组合物
表24:具有DRA和0:1-2:1 VaporgripTM:麦草畏比率的麦草畏微乳剂组合物
表25:具有DRA和2-4 VaporgripTM:麦草畏的麦草畏微乳剂组合物
表26:具有大豆油酸甲酯/大豆油和2:1 VaporgripTM:麦草畏的麦草畏ME组合物
实施例11–具有DRA和VaporgripTM的麦草畏微乳剂组合物的湿度控制圆顶挥发性
如美国专利号9,743,664中所述进行湿度控制圆顶挥发性研究,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。结果如下表27所示。
表27:具有DRA和2:1 Vapor Grip与麦草畏比率的麦草畏MEA组合物
表28:具有DRA和2:1至4:1 VaporgripTM:麦草畏比率的麦草畏微乳剂的湿度控制圆顶挥发性
实施例12-具有DRA的2,4-D和草甘膦微乳剂组合物
制备方法:将水和DMAPA(3-(二甲氨基)-1-丙胺)加入玻璃瓶中并搅拌直至均匀。然后,加入2,4-D酸,随后加入草甘膦酸湿饼并搅拌直至完全溶解。然后,添加漂移阻滞剂2602和表面活性剂CrodafosTM O5A,并搅拌直至获得均匀溶液。最后添加 PG8107/AGM 550,随后搅拌20分钟直至获得澄清的制剂。参见,表29。
表29
成分/样品ID | 组合物05-1 | 组合物05-4 | 组合物05-5 | 组合物05-6 |
2,4-D Tech(98.2%) | 13.5% | 15.80% | 15.80% | 13.50% |
草甘膦湿饼(97.73%) | 20.46% | 23.73% | 23.73% | 20.46% |
DMAPA | 11.22% | 13.08% | 13.08% | 11.22% |
2602 | 2.50% | 3.00% | 3.00% | 2.50% |
Crodafos O5A | 4.00% | 3.90% | 3.90% | 3.00% |
Ethoquad C12 | - | - | 2.00% | - |
Agnique PG 264 | 2.00% | 2.50% | 2.50% | 2.00% |
Agnique PG 8107 | - | - | - | 4.00% |
AGM 550 | - | - | - | 2.00% |
水 | 46.3% | 38.0% | 36.0% | 41.3% |
总计 | 100.0% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
该书面描述使用实施例来公开本发明,包括最佳模式,并且还使本领域的任何技术人员能够实践本发明,包括制备和使用任何设备或系统以及执行任何结合的方法。本发明的专利范围由权利要求限定,并且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其他实施例。如果此类其他实施例具有与权利要求的文字语言没有区别的结构要素,或者如果其包括与权利要求的文字语言没有实质差异的等效结构要素,则其旨在在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (33)
2.根据权利要求1所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种生长素除草剂以所述组合物浓缩物重量的约5%至约50%的量(酸当量重量)存在。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂以所述组合物浓缩物重量的约2%至约10%的量存在。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂包含:
以所述漂移阻滞剂的重量计约80%至约95%的量的大豆油或大豆油的甲酯;
以所述漂移阻滞剂的重量计约0.25%至约10%的量的式I的化合物;和
以所述漂移阻滞剂的重量计约3%至约50%的量的式II的化合物。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述式I化合物是聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-和所述式II化合物是十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯,和/或所述至少一种生长素除草剂选自以下:麦草畏、麦草畏的农业上可接受的盐、麦草畏的农业上可接受的酯、2,4-D、2,4-D的农业上可接受的盐、2,4-D的农业上可接受的酯及其组合。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种生长素除草剂是麦草畏的农业上可接受的盐,其中所述盐选自以下:N,N-[氨基丙基]甲胺盐、单乙醇胺盐、二甲胺盐、异丙胺盐、二甘醇胺盐、钾盐和钠盐及其组合。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其还包含至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐。
8.根据权利要求7所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐以所述组合物浓缩物重量的约5%至约30%的量(酸当量重量)存在。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求8所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐与所述生长素除草剂的摩尔比是从约3:10至约10:1。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述一元羧酸是乙酸或所述一元羧酸盐是乙酸钾。
11.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述乳化剂以所述组合物浓缩物重量的约1%至约20%的量存在。
12.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其还包含至少一种其他除草剂。
13.根据权利要求12所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种其他除草剂以所述组合物浓缩物重量的约10%至约50%的量(酸当量重量)存在。
14.根据权利要求12或权利要求13所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述至少一种其他除草剂选自以下:草甘膦、草甘膦的农业上可接受的盐、草铵膦、草铵膦的农业上可接受的盐及其组合。
15.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的除草组合物浓缩物,其中所述组合物浓缩物是乳剂或微乳剂。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述组合物浓缩物包含以重量计约5%至约50%的量(酸当量重量)的所述至少一种生长素除草剂。
18.根据权利要求16或权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述组合物浓缩物包含以所述组合物浓缩物的重量计约2%至约10%的量的所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂。
19.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的方法,其中所述式I的化合物是聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-和所述式II化合物是十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯,和/或所述至少一种生长素除草剂选自以下:麦草畏、麦草畏的农业上可接受的盐、麦草畏的农业上可接受的酯、2,4-D、2,4-D的农业上可接受的盐、2,4-D的农业上可接受的酯及其组合。
20.根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一种生长素除草剂是麦草畏的农业上可接受的盐,其中所述盐选自以下:N,N-[氨基丙基]甲胺盐、单乙醇胺盐、二甲胺盐、异丙胺盐、二甘醇胺盐、钾盐和钠盐及其组合。
21.根据权利要求16至20中任一项所述的方法,其还包括在与所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂和所述乳化剂混合之前将所述至少一种生长素除草剂与水混合以形成水溶液。
22.根据权利要求16至21中任一项所述的方法,其还包括将至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐与所述至少一种生长素除草剂、所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂和所述乳化剂混合。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述组合物浓缩物包含以所述组合物浓缩物的重量计约5%至约30%的量(酸当量重量)的所述至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐。
24.根据权利要求22或权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述至少一种一元羧酸或其一元羧酸盐与所述生长素除草剂的摩尔比是从约3:10至约10:1。
25.根据权利要求22至24中任一项所述的方法,其中所述一元羧酸是乙酸或所述一元羧酸盐是乙酸钾。
26.根据权利要求16至25中任一项所述的方法,其中所述组合物浓缩物包含以所述组合物浓缩物的重量计约1%至约20%的量的所述乳化剂。
27.根据权利要求16至26中任一项所述的方法,其还包括将至少一种其他除草剂与所述至少一种生长素除草剂、所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂和所述乳化剂混合。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述组合物浓缩物包含以所述组合物浓缩物的重量计约15%至约60%的量(酸当量重量)的所述至少一种其他除草剂。
29.根据权利要求27或权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述至少一种其他除草剂选自以下:草甘膦、草甘膦的农业上可接受的盐、草铵膦、草铵膦的农业上可接受的盐及其组合。
30.根据权利要求16至29中任一项所述的方法,其中所述组合物浓缩物包含以所述组合物浓缩物的重量计约2%至约10%的量的所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂。
31.根据权利要求16至30中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一种漂移阻滞剂包含:
以所述漂移阻滞剂的重量计约80%至约95%的量的大豆油或大豆油的甲酯;
以所述漂移阻滞剂的重量计约0.25%至约10%的量的式I的化合物;和
以所述漂移阻滞剂的重量计约3%至约50%的量的式II的化合物。
32.根据权利要求16至31中任一项所述的方法,其中形成的所述组合物浓缩物是乳剂或微乳剂。
33.一种用于制备除草施用混合物的漂移阻滞剂组合物,所述漂移阻滞剂组合物包含:
(a)至少一种漂移阻滞剂,其包含:
大豆油或大豆油的甲酯;
聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-[(9Z)-1-氧代-9-十八烯-1-基]-ω-羟基-;和
十八烷酸,12-羟基-,均聚物,与α,α',α”-1,2,3-丙三基三[ω-羟基聚(氧-1,2-乙二基)]的酯;和
(b)选自以下的乳化剂:磷酸酯、烷基多糖、烷氧基化蓖麻油及其组合。
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