CN114976534B - Terahertz reflection type phase shifter - Google Patents

Terahertz reflection type phase shifter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114976534B
CN114976534B CN202210608394.3A CN202210608394A CN114976534B CN 114976534 B CN114976534 B CN 114976534B CN 202210608394 A CN202210608394 A CN 202210608394A CN 114976534 B CN114976534 B CN 114976534B
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liquid crystal
phase shifter
cross star
terahertz
layer
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CN114976534A (en
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杨军
张国振
郑光宏
尹治平
邓光晟
李迎
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Hefei University of Technology
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18Phase-shifters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a terahertz reflection phase shifter, which comprises a plurality of terahertz reflection phase shifting units which are arranged periodically; the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit comprises a first medium substrate, a resonance structure, a liquid crystal layer, a reflection layer and a second medium substrate which are sequentially arranged according to the incident direction of electromagnetic waves; the resonance structure is formed by arranging a plurality of cross star-shaped slotting units; the cross star-shaped slotting unit comprises a cross star-shaped slotting structure; the cross star slotting structure is obtained by chamfering arms at two adjacent ends with the radius r, wherein the width of the cross star slotting structure is c, and the length of the cross star slotting structure is b. The characteristic of high symmetry of the cross star-shaped slotted structure in the resonant structure enables the terahertz reflection type phase shifter provided by the invention to have nearly the same phase regulation effect on electromagnetic waves incident at different polarization angles, and the stability of the terahertz reflection type phase shifter is greatly improved.

Description

Terahertz reflection type phase shifter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of terahertz wave front control, in particular to a terahertz reflection type phase shifter.
Background
Liquid crystal refers to a substance having both liquid and crystal characteristics, and is widely used in electromagnetic wave regulation devices due to its electromagnetic characteristics; because the liquid crystal molecules have the characteristics of fluidity and dielectric anisotropy at the same time due to the self structure, under the condition that the initial angle is fixed by means of friction orientation and the like, the rotating angle of the liquid crystal in a specific direction can be changed by changing the magnitude and the direction of an electric field around the liquid crystal molecules, and the refractive index of electromagnetic waves in the specific direction can be changed.
In the fields of electromagnetic communication, radar detection, measurement and control mapping, etc., the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves relate to the propagation of electromagnetic waves, the reflection on objects, and the reception of signals. While polarization characteristics may also be applied to increase communication bandwidth and confidentiality of communications. When the lower terahertz reflective phase shifter is very sensitive to the polarization direction, on one hand, the efficiency of the phase shifter is reduced under the condition that the polarization angles are not matched, which is caused by polarization isolation, and on the other hand, as the reflective phase shifter, a large number of units are needed for regulating and controlling the phase compensation, and even the change of the polarization angle of the incident electromagnetic wave can cause the reflective phase shifter to be inoperable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a terahertz reflection type phase shifter, which realizes the regulation and control of electromagnetic wave phases in an electric control mode and ensures the stable operation of the phase shifter under the condition of rotating the polarization angle of incident electromagnetic waves.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
A terahertz reflection type phase shifter comprises a plurality of terahertz reflection type phase shifting units which are arranged periodically; the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit comprises a first medium substrate, a resonance structure, a liquid crystal layer, a reflection layer and a second medium substrate which are sequentially arranged according to the incident direction of electromagnetic waves;
The resonance structure is formed by arranging a plurality of cross star-shaped slotting units; the cross star-shaped slotting unit comprises a cross star-shaped slotting structure; the cross star slotting structure is obtained by chamfering arms at two adjacent ends with the radius r, wherein the width of the cross star slotting structure is c, and the length of the cross star slotting structure is b.
Optionally, the materials of the resonant structure and the reflective layer are conductive media.
Optionally, the materials of the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are low-electromagnetic-loss dielectrics.
Optionally, the liquid crystal layer includes a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal filling layer, and a second alignment layer; the liquid crystal filling layer is disposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.
Optionally, the liquid crystal type of the liquid crystal layer is nematic liquid crystal.
Optionally, the liquid crystal layer is sealed with an epoxy resin.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
The characteristic of high symmetry of the cross star-shaped slotted structure in the resonant structure enables the terahertz reflection type phase shifter provided by the invention to have nearly the same phase regulation effect on electromagnetic waves incident at different polarization angles, and the stability of the terahertz reflection type phase shifter is greatly improved. For the terahertz reflection type phase shifter array in the phased array, the structure with stable polarization angle can simplify the complexity of compensation calculation, and electromagnetic waves incident in different polarization directions only need less compensation, so that the working polarization angles of the terahertz reflection type phase shifter and the antenna are widened.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a terahertz reflection phase shifter provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross star-shaped slotting unit provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit provided by the invention when not powered;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit provided by the invention when voltage is applied to liquid crystal full bias;
FIG. 5 is a phase shift curve of the terahertz reflection type phase shift unit according to the present invention, which is obtained by simulation and varies with the relative dielectric constant of liquid crystal molecules;
FIG. 6 is a reflection wave phase curve obtained by rotating the polarization angle of an incident electromagnetic wave under the condition that the relative dielectric constant of liquid crystal is unchanged, which is obtained by simulation of the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit provided by the invention;
fig. 7 is a phase difference curve of electromagnetic wave phases with different polarization angles and an initial reflected wave of 0 ° of the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a terahertz reflection type phase shifter, which realizes the regulation and control of electromagnetic wave phases in an electric control mode and ensures the stable operation of the phase shifter under the condition of rotating the polarization angle of incident electromagnetic waves.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the terahertz reflection phase shifter provided by the invention comprises a plurality of terahertz reflection phase shifting units which are arranged periodically; the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit comprises a first dielectric substrate 1, a resonance structure 2, a liquid crystal layer 3, a reflection layer 4 and a second dielectric substrate 5 which are arranged in sequence according to the incident direction of electromagnetic waves.
As shown in fig. 2, the resonant structure 2 is formed by arranging a plurality of cross star-shaped slotting units 2.1; the cross star-shaped slotting unit 2.1 comprises a cross star-shaped slotting structure 2.1.1; the cross-shaped star-shaped grooving structure 2.1.1 is obtained by chamfering arms at two adjacent ends with a radius r, wherein the width of the cross-shaped star-shaped grooving structure is c, and the length of the cross-shaped star-shaped grooving structure is b.
As shown in fig. 3-4, the liquid crystal layer 3 includes a first alignment layer 3.1, a liquid crystal filling layer 3.2, and a second alignment layer 3.3; the liquid crystal filling layer 3.2 is arranged between the first alignment layer 3.1 and the second alignment layer 3.2. The liquid crystal filled in the liquid crystal layer 3 is uniaxial nematic liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal layer 3 needs to be packaged to avoid leakage.
The resonant structure 2 and the reflecting layer 4 not only have regulation and control effects on electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band, but also serve as control electrodes of liquid crystals.
Specific examples are as follows:
in this embodiment, the material of the resonant structure 2 and the reflective layer 4 is copper, and the thickness is 0.5um; the dielectric substrate 1 and the dielectric substrate 5 are both made of quartz, and the thickness is 500um.
In this example, the liquid crystal filled in the liquid crystal layer 3 is HFUT-HB01 nematic liquid crystal, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is controlled by a small amount of polystyrene microspheres distributed in the liquid crystal layer 3, the diameter of the polystyrene microspheres is 45um, and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 45um. The liquid crystal layer 3 is sealed with an epoxy resin.
As shown in fig. 2, the cross star-shaped slotting unit 2.1 comprises: the cross star slotting structure 2.1.1, wherein the length and the width of the cross star slotting unit 2.1 are a=1100 um, the cross star slotting structure 2.1.1 is obtained by chamfering the arms at two adjacent ends with the radius r=535 um of the cross star slotting structure with the width c=10um and the length b=1080 um, and the cross star slotting units 2.1 are arranged into the resonance unit 2 in a rectangular array mode.
The terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit has the following specific principle:
Taking a specific terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit as an example, the phase of the space electromagnetic wave is changed after the space electromagnetic wave is incident from the direction vertical to the first medium substrate 1 and reflected by the whole liquid crystal phase shifting unit, and the phase of the emergent electromagnetic wave can be further changed by controlling the rotation angle of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 3 through voltage, so that the function of active phase control is realized.
In this embodiment, the resonant structure 2 and the reflective layer 4 are connected to two ends of the ac power supply, and when no voltage is applied, the terahertz reflective phase-shifting unit is shown in fig. 3 in a side sectional view, and the direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal is parallel to the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 5; when a voltage is applied to the resonant structure 2 and the reflective layer 4 so that the liquid crystal molecules deflect to an angle perpendicular to the first dielectric substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 5, a side sectional view of the terahertz reflection type phase-shifting unit is shown in fig. 4.
In the present embodiment, the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal molecules and thus the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 3 in the incident direction can be changed by applying different voltages to the resonant structure 2 and the reflective layer 4.
In this embodiment, the phase shift curve which is obtained by simulation of the terahertz reflection phase shift unit and varies with the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules is shown in fig. 5, and the working range of the liquid crystal can be 113GHz-125GHz, and the maximum phase shift is 301 ° at 118.1 GHz. In order to analyze the rotation stability of the polarization angle, the relative dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is taken to be initial 2.58, only the polarization angle of the incident electromagnetic wave is changed, the reflected waves with different polarization angles are obtained through simulation, as shown in fig. 6, the whole phase compensation curve is not changed greatly, and a certain deviation can be seen by amplifying and observing the curve in the range of 124.75GHz-125.25GHz in fig. 6. To further characterize the difference in phase curves for each polarization angle, the difference between the phase of the reflected wave at the different polarization angles and the phase of the initial reflected wave is plotted as shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, the liquid crystal phase shift unit provided by the invention has stronger angle stability under the condition of only changing the polarization angle of the incident polarized electromagnetic wave.
According to the invention, the electromagnetic wave passing through the liquid crystal phase shifting unit is subjected to phase regulation and control by the electrode control liquid crystal, and due to the characteristic that the cross star-shaped slotted structure 2.1.1 in the resonant structure 2 is highly symmetrical, the reflection type phase shifter has nearly the same phase regulation and control effect on the electromagnetic wave entering at different polarization angles, so that the stability of the terahertz reflection type phase shifter is greatly improved. For the terahertz reflection type phase shifter array in the phased array antenna, the structure with stable polarization angle can simplify the complexity of compensation calculation, and electromagnetic waves incident in different polarization directions only need less compensation, so that the working polarization angles of the terahertz reflection type phase shifter and the antenna are widened.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (5)

1. The terahertz reflection type phase shifter is characterized by comprising a plurality of terahertz reflection type phase shifting units which are arranged periodically; the terahertz reflection type phase shifting unit comprises a first medium substrate, a resonance structure, a liquid crystal layer, a reflection layer and a second medium substrate which are sequentially arranged according to the incident direction of electromagnetic waves; the material of the resonance structure and the reflecting layer is conductive medium;
the resonance structure is formed by arranging a plurality of cross star-shaped slotting units; the cross star-shaped slotting unit comprises a cross star-shaped slotting structure; the length and width of the cross star-shaped slotting unit 2.1 are a=1100 um, and the cross star-shaped slotting structure is obtained by chamfering arms at two adjacent ends with the radius r, wherein the width of the cross star-shaped slotting structure is c, and the length of the cross-shaped slotting structure is b; c=10um, b=1080um, r=535 um.
2. The terahertz reflective phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are both made of low-electromagnetic-loss dielectric.
3. The terahertz reflective phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a first alignment layer, a liquid crystal filling layer, and a second alignment layer; the liquid crystal filling layer is disposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer.
4. The terahertz reflective phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal type of the liquid crystal layer is nematic liquid crystal.
5. The terahertz reflective phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal layer is sealed by an epoxy resin.
CN202210608394.3A 2022-05-31 2022-05-31 Terahertz reflection type phase shifter Active CN114976534B (en)

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