CN114976462A - 电池组 - Google Patents

电池组 Download PDF

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CN114976462A
CN114976462A CN202210090733.3A CN202210090733A CN114976462A CN 114976462 A CN114976462 A CN 114976462A CN 202210090733 A CN202210090733 A CN 202210090733A CN 114976462 A CN114976462 A CN 114976462A
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safety valve
gas
battery pack
battery
bus bar
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虎泽阳介
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池组，利用母线将具有安全阀的多个密闭型电池串联或者并联地电连接起来而构成。将母线配置成经由相邻的密闭型电池之中的至少一方的安全阀的正上方将相邻的密闭型电池连接起来，并且形成为当从安全阀向上方喷射气体时，在安全阀的正上方借助于气体的热而断开。

Description

电池组
技术领域
本发明涉及电池组，更详细地说，涉及利用母线将具有安全阀的多个密闭型电池连接而成的电池组。
背景技术
过去，作为这种电池组，提出了具有利用母线等将在上表面设有安全阀的多个电池单元串联地连接而成的结构的方案(例如，参照日本特开2005-322471)。各个电池单元所具有的安全阀由金属箔和断开线构成，当内压上升而使金属箔沿着断开线断开时被切断的导线与构成安全阀的金属箔成一体地设置。由此，利用简单的电路检测电池的安全阀的状态。
发明内容
但是，在上述电池组中，在从安全阀喷出气体时，产生这样的情况：电池壳体等部件熔化，与收容电池单元的容器电连接，在电池组中形成短路。在锂离子电池的情况下，从安全阀喷出的气体达到1000℃左右，将由铝等形成的部件熔化。熔化的铝流下落到收容电池单元的容器中，产生由电池组和容器形成闭合回路的情况。在该情况下，在闭合回路中流过大的电流，结果，在容器上产生孔，产生气体被排出到外部的担忧。
本发明的电池组的主要目的在于，避免当从安全阀喷出气体时，产生经由容器的闭合回路。
本发明的电池组，为了达到上述主要目的，采取以下的方式。
本发明的电池组是配备有具有安全阀的多个密闭型电池的电池组。所述密闭型电池被母线串联或者并联地电连接。所述母线配置成经由相邻的密闭型电池之中的至少一方的所述安全阀的正上方将所述相邻的密闭型电池连接起来。所述母线形成为当从所述安全阀向上方喷射气体时，在所述安全阀的正上方借助于所述气体的热而断开。
在本发明的电池组中，母线配置成经由相邻的密闭型电池之中的至少一方的安全阀的正上方将相邻的密闭型电池连接起来。并且，母线形成为当从安全阀向上方喷射气体时，在安全阀的正上方被该气体的热断开。通过母线断开，即使部件因气体的热而熔化，也可以避免产生闭合回路。其结果是，可以抑制因在闭合回路中流过大的电流而导致在容器上产生孔，可以抑制喷出的气体被排出到外部。
在本发明的电池组中，所述母线也可以形成为在所述安全阀的正上方小于等于所述安全阀的所述气体的喷出口的宽度。这样，可以更可靠地将母线断开，当从安全阀向上方喷射气体时，可以更可靠地避免产生闭合回路。
在本发明的电池组中，所述母线也可以形成为在所述安全阀的正上方或者其附近弯曲。在该情况下，可以形成“コ”字形或者“く”字形。
附图说明
下面将参照附图描述本发明的示范性的实施方式的特征、优点、以及技术和工业上的意义，在所述附图中，类似的附图标记表示类似的部件，其中：
图1是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的电池组20的图2中A-A俯视截面的剖视图。
图2是表示实施例的电池组20的图1的B-B侧视截面的剖视图。
图3是表示从电池单元30c的安全阀36c喷出气体时的样子的说明图。
图4是变形例的电池组120的相当于图2的A-A俯视截面的剖视图。
具体实施方式
接下来，利用实施例说明用于实施本发明的方式。
图1是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的电池组20的图2的A-A俯视截面的剖视图。实施例的电池组20，如图1及图2所示，具有正极端子33a、负极端子33b、n个电池单元30a～30n、m个母线38a～38m、以及壳体40。
电池单元30a～30n的每一个，例如，构成为被收容于铝壳体中的密闭型的锂离子电池，具有正极32a～32n和负极34a～34n。电池单元30a～30n的每一个，在比正极32a～32n与负极34a～34n的中央靠负极34a～34n侧的位置，安装有安全阀36a～36n。电池单元30a～30n配置成相邻的电池单元的正极与负极交替地排列，相邻的电池单元的正极和负极被m个母线38a～38m以串联连接的方式连接起来。正极端子33a安装于电池单元30a的正极32a，负极端子33b安装于电池单元30n的负极34n。
母线38a～38m例如由铝形成“コ”字形，配置成一方的弯曲部成为安全阀36a～36m的正上方。母线38a～38m形成为其宽度小于等于来自于安全阀的气体的喷出口的宽度，以便当从电池单元的内部经由安全阀喷出气体时，配置于安全阀36a～36m的正上方的部位断开。从而，当电池单元30a～30n中的任一个发生异常，高温的气体从电池单元经由安全阀喷出时，母线的正上部被高温的气体熔化，将母线断开。
壳体40例如由铝等形成，收容有n个电池单元30a～30n，上部的大致对角线上的两角(图1的左下角和右上角)，形成有用于将正极端子33a和负极端子33b导出到外部的贯通孔。
图3是表示从电池单元30c(图中，左起第三个电池单元)的安全阀36c喷出气体时的样子的说明图。在电池单元30c中发生任何异常而从安全阀36c喷出气体时，将电池单元30c的负极34c与电池单元30d的正极32d连接起来的母线38c的安全阀36c的正上部熔化，母线38c断开。这时，伴随着来自于电池单元30c的气体的喷出，母线38c或其它部件熔化并流下落到壳体40，产生将电池单元30c与壳体40电连接起来的情况，但是，由于母线38c断开，因此，由电池组20和壳体40形成电闭合回路的情况得以被抑制。
在上面说明的实施例的电池组20中，利用经由安全阀36a～36m的正上方连接起来的母线38a～38m，将电池单元30a～30n之中的相邻的电池单元的负极和正极连接起来。因此，即使电池单元30a～30n之中的任一个发生异常而从安全阀喷出气体，也能够利用喷出的气体使将发生了异常的电池单元的负极与相邻的电池单元的正极连接起来的母线断开。由此，即使伴随着来自于电池单元的气体的喷出，母线或其它部件熔化并流下落到壳体40，发生将电池组20与壳体40电连接起来的情况，也能够通过断开母线而对形成由电池组20和壳体40构成的电闭合回路的情况进行抑制。其结果是，能够抑制在闭合回路中流过大的电流而导致在壳体40上形成孔，能够抑制气体漏出到壳体40的外部。
在实施例的电池组20中，将电池单元30a～30n配置成使得相邻的电池单元的正极与负极交替地排列，利用m个“コ”字形的母线38a～38m将相邻的电池单元的正极与负极串联连接起来。但是，也可以将同样地配置的n个电池单元形成为利用m个“U”字形的母线将相邻的电池单元的正极与负极串联连接起来。
另外，如图4的变形例的电池组120所示，也可以将电池单元130a～130n配置成使得相邻的电池单元的正极与正极排成列，利用m个母线138a～138m将相邻的电池单元的正极与负极串联连接起来。在该情况下，只要形成为将m个母线138a～138m从电池单元130a～130m的负极134a～134m延伸至该单元的安全阀136a～136m，在安全阀136a～136m的正上方弯曲，延伸至相邻的电池单元130b～130n的正极132b～132n并连接起来，即，形成“く”字形即可。另外，在该情况下，也将母线138a～138m的宽度形成为小于等于来自于安全阀136a～136m的气体的喷出口的宽度，以便当从安全阀136a～136m喷出气体时，利用气体的热将母线138a～138m断开即可。
在实施例的电池组20中，将电池单元30a～30n作为锂离子电池构成，但是，也可以作为其它种类的电池来构成。
在实施例的电池组20中，将电池单元30a～30n串联连接起来，但是，也可以将它们的一部分或者全部并联连接起来。
下面，对于实施例的主要部件与发明内容部分中记载的发明的主要部件的对应关系进行说明。在实施例中，安全阀36a～36n相当于“安全阀”，电池单元30a～30n相当于“密闭型电池”，母线38a～38m相当于“母线”，电池组20相当于“电池组”。
另外，对于实施例的主要部件与发明内容部分中记载的发明的主要部件的对应关系，由于实施例是具体说明用于实施在发明内容部分中记载的发明的方式用的一个例子，因此，并不限定在发明内容部分中记载的发明的部件。即，对于在发明内容部分中记载的发明的解释，应基于该部分的记载来进行，实施例只不过是发明内容部分中记载的发明的具体一个例子。
上面，利用实施例对于用于实施本发明的方式进行了说明，但是，不言而喻，本发明并不受实施例的任何限制，在没有超出本发明的主旨的范围内，能够以各种方式来实施。
本发明，可以用于电池组的制造产业等中。

Claims (3)

1.一种电池组，由母线将具有安全阀的多个密闭型电池串联或者并联地电连接，其特征在于，
所述母线配置成经由相邻的密闭型电池之中的至少一方的所述安全阀的正上方将所述相邻的密闭型电池连接起来，所述母线形成为当从所述安全阀向上方喷射气体时，在所述安全阀的正上方借助于所述气体的热而断开。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池组，其特征在于，
所述母线形成为在所述安全阀的正上方小于等于所述安全阀的所述气体的喷出口的宽度。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电池组，其特征在于，
所述母线形成为在所述安全阀的正上方或其附近弯曲。
CN202210090733.3A 2021-02-19 2022-01-26 电池组 Pending CN114976462A (zh)

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