CN114976148A - Method, device, equipment and medium for measuring and calculating efficiency of fuel cell - Google Patents
Method, device, equipment and medium for measuring and calculating efficiency of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a device, equipment and a medium for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell, which comprises the steps of obtaining the heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers; obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set power generation powers and heat generation powers; fitting the plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell; and acquiring the efficiency of the fuel cell at any specific power generation power according to the efficiency curve. Compared with the prior art, the method does not need to measure and calculate the heat value of the hydrogen, does not adopt electric energy and chemical energy of consumed hydrogen fuel to obtain the efficiency, can obtain the complete efficiency curve of the fuel cell only by measuring and calculating the efficiency values under a plurality of set power generation powers, avoids the negative influence on the efficiency measurement and calculation caused by factors such as different consumption rates of the hydrogen under different power generation powers, the difference between a high heat value and a low heat value and the like, eliminates the error of the efficiency measurement and calculation to the maximum extent, and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a medium for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell.
Background
Hydrogen energy is used as clean and efficient secondary energy, has high heat value, no pollution and rich sources, is considered as one of energy solutions of the post-petroleum era, and is also called as final energy of the 21 st century because of the characteristics of quick regeneration, zero emission and the like. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell system is a power generation system which directly converts chemical energy in hydrogen fuel carried by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell system and an oxidant into electric energy and heat energy through electrochemical reaction, and is considered as a preferred clean and efficient power generation technology in the 21 st century because of the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, high energy density, low vibration noise, zero emission and the like.
The efficiency of a liquid-cooled pem fuel cell is determined by the ratio of the electrical output to the chemical energy of the hydrogen fuel calculated from the product of the hydrogen consumption rate and its calorific value. The heat value of the hydrogen gas is divided into a high heat value (the water generated by hydrogen combustion is completely condensed into liquid water) and a low heat value (the water vapor generated by hydrogen combustion), different types of heat values are adopted for calculation, and finally obtained efficiency values are different.
The efficiency of the fuel cell is calculated by adopting the low heat value to generate a higher efficiency value, the efficiency of most proton exchange membrane fuel cells is calculated and determined by the low heat value of hydrogen at present, but the calculated value of the generated heat energy of the fuel cell is smaller by the method, and the designed fuel cell cooling water system cannot achieve the ideal stack cooling effect, so that the internal temperature of the stack exceeds the normal range, the proton exchange membrane is dehydrated, the battery is invalid, and the service life of the battery is influenced.
If the efficiency of the fuel cell is calculated by adopting a high calorific value, the calculated efficiency value is low, the calculated value of the heat energy generated by the fuel cell is large, the design of a cooling water system is large, and the optimization of the power consumption of an auxiliary engine of the fuel cell and the compact design of the system are not facilitated.
In addition, the hydrogen consumption rates of the fuel cell are different under different power generation powers, which makes it difficult to obtain accurate chemical energy of the hydrogen fuel in practice, and further makes it impossible to accurately measure and calculate efficiency parameters of the fuel cell related to efficiency, such as efficiency curve, heat generation power, and the like, which seriously affects the use of the fuel cell and the selection and design of the supporting facilities thereof, so that it is necessary to invent an effective method for measuring and calculating the efficiency of the liquid-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for measuring and calculating efficiency parameters of a fuel cell, so as to solve the problem of how to measure and calculate the efficiency of the fuel cell.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for estimating efficiency of a fuel cell, including:
acquiring heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers;
obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set power generation powers and heat generation powers;
fitting the plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell;
and acquiring the efficiency of the fuel cell at any specific power generation power according to the efficiency curve.
Further, said fitting said plurality of said efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of said fuel cell comprises:
acquiring load rates corresponding to a plurality of set power generation powers to form a plurality of set load rates, wherein the load rates are the ratio of the power generation power of the fuel cell to the rated power;
establishing a curve fitting model of the efficiency curve according to the set load rate and the corresponding efficiency value, wherein the curve fitting model reflects the relation between the load rate and the efficiency value of the fuel cell;
optimizing the curve fitting model according to the multiple set load ratios and the corresponding efficiency values, and obtaining optimal fitting parameters of the curve fitting model;
and obtaining the efficiency curve according to the curve fitting model and the optimal fitting parameters thereof.
Further, the optimizing the curve fitting model according to the plurality of set load factors and the corresponding efficiency values to obtain an optimal fitting parameter of the curve fitting model includes:
forming a plurality of discrete points according to a plurality of the set load rates and the efficiency values corresponding to the set load rates;
and obtaining the efficiency values corresponding to a plurality of set load ratios in the curve fitting model and fitting parameters of the curve fitting model in a state of minimum deviation with the plurality of discrete points.
Further, the curve fitting model is as follows:
y＝aε 2 +bε+c
wherein epsilon is the load factor of the fuel cell, y is the efficiency value, and a, b and c are all the fitting parameters.
Further, the obtaining of the efficiency values corresponding to the multiple set load ratios in the curve fitting model and the fitting parameters of the multiple discrete points in the state of minimum deviation includes:
obtaining a function
Fitting parameters under the condition of taking the minimum value;
wherein D is the set load factor in the curveThe square sum of the difference values of the corresponding efficiency values in the fitting model and the discrete points corresponding to the set load factor, n is the number of the discrete points or the number of the set load factor, eta i Representing the i-th discrete point, y i And the efficiency value corresponding to the ith set load factor in the curve fitting model is represented.
Further, acquiring heat generation power of the fuel cell at a plurality of different set power generation powers includes:
starting the fuel cell and gradually increasing the power generated by the fuel cell;
acquiring the heat generating power of the fuel cell at one of the set generated powers every time the generated power of the fuel cell reaches the set generated power;
wherein the set power generation power is at least ten, the difference between two adjacent set power generation powers is at most ten percent of the rated power of the fuel cell, and the set power generation power with the largest value is larger than the rated power of the fuel cell.
Further, the acquiring the heat generation power corresponding to the set power generation power of the fuel cell includes:
acquiring a temperature difference between a heat dissipation medium of the fuel cell before and after cooling, wherein the heat dissipation medium is a fluid;
and acquiring the flow, density and specific heat capacity of the heat dissipation medium, and combining the temperature difference to obtain the heat generation power.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an efficiency estimation device for a fuel cell, including:
the heat generation power acquisition module is used for acquiring heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers;
an efficiency value budgeting module, which is used for obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set generating power and generating power;
an efficiency curve fitting module for fitting the plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell;
and the efficiency acquisition module is used for acquiring the efficiency of the fuel cell at any specific power generation power according to the efficiency curve.
In a third aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein,
a memory for storing a program;
and a processor, coupled to the memory, for executing the program stored in the memory to implement the steps of the method for estimating the efficiency of the fuel cell in any of the above implementations.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer-readable program or instructions, which when executed by a processor, can implement the steps of the method for estimating the efficiency of a fuel cell in any one of the above-mentioned implementations.
According to the efficiency measuring and calculating method, the device, the equipment and the medium of the fuel cell, the multiple efficiency values of the fuel cell are obtained in a mode of obtaining the heat generation power, and the efficiency curve is fitted according to the efficiency values, so that the efficiency of the fuel cell under any power working condition can be known through the efficiency curve, the work of type selection, design and the like related to the fuel cell can be accurately carried out, and the working efficiency is greatly improved. Compared with the prior art, the method does not need to measure and calculate the heat value of the hydrogen, does not adopt electric energy and chemical energy consumed by the hydrogen fuel to obtain the efficiency, can obtain the complete efficiency curve of the fuel cell only by measuring and calculating the efficiency values under a plurality of set power generation powers, further obtains the efficiency of the fuel cell under any power, avoids the negative influence on the efficiency measurement and calculation caused by the factors of different consumption rates of the hydrogen under different power generation powers, the difference between a high heat value and a low heat value and the like, eliminates the error of the efficiency measurement and calculation to the greatest extent, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method of an embodiment of a method for estimating efficiency of a fuel cell according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a parameter obtaining device in an embodiment of a method for estimating efficiency of a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method of step S103 in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an efficiency estimation apparatus for a fuel cell according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
The invention provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell, which are respectively explained below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an embodiment of a method for estimating efficiency of a fuel cell, the method comprising:
s101, acquiring heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers;
s102, obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set power generation powers and heat generation powers;
s103, fitting the multiple efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell;
and S104, acquiring the efficiency of the fuel cell at any specific generated power according to the efficiency curve.
According to the efficiency measuring and calculating method of the fuel cell, provided by the invention, a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell are obtained by obtaining the heat generation power, and then the efficiency curve is fitted according to the efficiency values, so that the efficiency of the fuel cell under any power working condition can be known through the efficiency curve, further the work of type selection, design and the like related to the fuel cell can be accurately carried out, and the working efficiency is greatly improved. Compared with the prior art, the method does not need to measure and calculate the heat value of the hydrogen, does not adopt electric energy and chemical energy consumed by the hydrogen fuel to obtain the efficiency, can obtain a complete efficiency curve of the fuel cell only by measuring and calculating the efficiency values under a plurality of set power generation powers, further obtains the efficiency of the fuel cell under any power, avoids negative effects on efficiency measurement and calculation caused by factors such as different consumption rates of the hydrogen under different power generation powers, difference between a high heat value and a low heat value and the like, eliminates errors in efficiency measurement and calculation to the greatest extent, and has good application prospect.
Specifically, the present invention also provides a preferred embodiment, in which the step S101 of obtaining the heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers includes:
starting the fuel cell and gradually increasing the power generated by the fuel cell;
acquiring heat generation power of the fuel cell under the set power generation power each time the power generation power of the fuel cell reaches one of the set power generation powers;
the set power generation power is at least ten, the difference value of two adjacent set power generation powers is at most ten percent of the rated power of the fuel cell, and the set power generation power with the largest value is larger than the rated power of the fuel cell.
The quantity condition of the generated power is set, so that the sampling accuracy can be improved, the whole power range of the fuel cell is covered and exceeded, and a good data basis is provided for subsequently fitting a complete efficiency curve.
The generated heat power can be obtained by measuring the temperature change of the heat dissipation medium of the fuel cell, and in a further preferred embodiment, the efficiency of the liquid-cooled fuel cell needs to be measured, and the specific heat dissipation medium is cooling water, and in this embodiment, the corresponding generated heat power of the fuel cell under the set power generation power is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a temperature difference before and after cooling a heat dissipation medium of the fuel cell, wherein the heat dissipation medium is a fluid;
obtaining the flow, density and specific heat capacity of a heat dissipation medium, and obtaining heat generation power by combining a temperature difference value, wherein a specific calculation formula is as follows:
H＝(T out -T in )×C×Q×ρ
in which H is the heat generation power determined, T out Temperature, T, of the outflow end after cooling of the heat-dissipating medium in The temperature of the inflow end before the cooling action of the heat dissipation medium, C is the specific heat capacity of the heat dissipation medium, namely cooling water, Q is the flow of the heat dissipation medium during the cooling action, and rho is the density of the heat dissipation medium. The parameters can be obtained by existing means, or a device for detecting the parameters can be designed by itself, as shown in fig. 2:
in a specific embodiment, the parameters required for calculating the birth heat power are acquired by a parameter acquiring device, which includes:
a liquid tank 21 in which a coolant is stored;
a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe which are communicated with the liquid tank 21 and are respectively used for communicating with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell 200 so as to supply cooling liquid;
a water pump 22 provided on the liquid inlet pipe for flowing the coolant;
the heat exchanger 23 is arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline, is positioned between the water pump 22 and the fuel cell 200, and is used for exchanging heat for the cooling liquid;
a first temperature sensor 24 disposed on the liquid inlet pipeline and between the heat exchanger 23 and the fuel cell 200 for measuring the temperature T of the inflow end of the heat-dissipating medium before cooling in ；
A second temperature sensor 25 arranged in the liquid outlet pipeline for measuring the temperature T of the outlet end of the heat-dissipating medium after cooling out The difference between the readings of the second temperature sensor 25 and the first temperature sensor 24 is before and after the cooling of the heat-dissipating mediumA temperature difference;
the regulating valve 26 is arranged in the liquid inlet pipeline and positioned between the water pump 22 and the heat exchanger 23 and is used for regulating the flow of the heat-radiating medium according to actual conditions;
a flow sensor 27, which is disposed in the liquid inlet pipe and between the heat exchanger 23 and the first temperature sensor 24, and is configured to detect a flow Q of the coolant;
and the pressure sensor 28 is arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline and used for monitoring the pressure of the cooling liquid during operation so as to ensure the safe operation.
The specific heat capacity C and the density rho of the heat dissipation medium can be parameters easily obtained by reading a matched instruction or network search and the like.
After the generated power at each set generated power is obtained by the above-mentioned equipment and calculation, step S102 can be performed, and in a preferred embodiment, the specific method for obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set generated powers and generated powers in step S102 is as follows: the efficiency value is calculated by:
in the formula eta i Indicates an efficiency value, P, corresponding to the ith set power generation i Indicates the ith set generated power, H i Indicating the heat generation power corresponding to the i-th set power generation power.
Further, with reference to fig. 3, after obtaining the required efficiency value, step S103 may be performed to fit a plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell, in a preferred embodiment, the step includes:
s301, obtaining load rates corresponding to a plurality of set power generation powers to form a plurality of set load rates, wherein the load rates are the ratio of the power generation power of the fuel cell to the rated power;
s302, establishing a curve fitting model of an efficiency curve according to the set load rate and the corresponding efficiency value, wherein the curve fitting model reflects the relationship between the load rate and the efficiency value of the fuel cell;
s303, optimizing the curve fitting model according to a plurality of set load ratios and corresponding efficiency values to obtain optimal fitting parameters of the curve fitting model;
and S304, obtaining an efficiency curve according to the curve fitting model and the optimal fitting parameters.
Specifically, in step S301, the set generated power is converted into a load factor, and the subsequent steps are performed based on the load factor, and the efficiency curve obtained in this embodiment is also a load factor-efficiency curve, that is, the abscissa of the efficiency curve is the load factor and the ordinate is the efficiency. Whether the load factor or the set power generation power is selected as the calculation basis of the subsequent steps, the specific content of the subsequent method is not influenced, and only the numerical value and the unit are different.
However, the load factor is selected to have a prominent advantage that after the efficiency curve is calculated by selecting the load factor, the efficiency curve can represent the efficiency curves of all fuel cells of the same model with different specifications because the abscissa of the efficiency curve is the load factor and does not refer to a specific power value, so that the method has more universality. For example, if the same type of fuel cell has two specifications with different power ratings, such as 1000kW and 500kW, the efficiency curve of the fuel cell of one specification can be calculated by measuring the efficiency curve of the fuel cell of the other specification.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S302 of this embodiment, the established curve fitting model is:
y＝aε 2 +bε+c
where ε represents the load factor of the fuel cell, y represents the efficiency value in the efficiency curve, i.e., the ordinate of the efficiency curve, and a, b, and c are all fitting parameters. The model is established according to actual experience, the model is most consistent with the physical law in reality, three fitting parameters are provided, the optimization space is high, and the most accurate efficiency curve can be obtained after optimization. In practice, depending on different situations, the curve fitting model may be established according to different bases, for example, according to the trend of the efficiency value corresponding to each obtained set load factor, or according to other theories, other curve fitting models may be established.
After the curve fitting model is established, step S303 may be executed, and in a preferred embodiment, step S303 optimizes the curve fitting model according to a plurality of set load ratios and corresponding efficiency values, and obtains optimal fitting parameters of the curve fitting model, which includes:
forming a plurality of discrete points according to a plurality of set load rates and efficiency values corresponding to the set load rates;
and obtaining efficiency values corresponding to a plurality of set load rates in the curve fitting model and fitting parameters in a state of minimum deviation with a plurality of discrete points.
The discrete points in the above steps are efficiency values corresponding to the set load rate, and when the curve fitting model is different, the form of the discrete points may also be changed correspondingly, for example, the discrete points are ratios of other physical quantities or self-designed data structures.
In a preferred embodiment, the obtaining of the efficiency values corresponding to a plurality of set load ratios in the curve fitting model in the above step, and the fitting parameters in the state of minimum deviation from a plurality of discrete points, includes:
obtaining a function
Fitting parameters under the condition of taking the minimum value;
wherein D is the square sum of the difference between the efficiency value corresponding to the set load factor in the curve fitting model and the discrete point corresponding to the set load factor, n is the number of the discrete points or the number of the set load factor, and eta is i Representing the i-th discrete point, y i And the efficiency value corresponding to the ith set load factor in the curve fitting model is shown.
In this embodiment, the principle of the least sum of squared residuals is used as an optimization criterion, that is, when D in the above formula is the minimum value, it can be considered that the curve fitting model can reflect the true efficiency curve most, and the method for obtaining the fitting parameters specifically includes:
from the curve fitting model it can be found:
in the formula of i Indicating the set load factor corresponding to the ith set generated power.
Let D have a partial derivative of a, b, c equal to 0, i.e.
At this time, D is the minimum value, and three equation sets can be obtained according to the relationship:
converting the three equation sets into a matrix equation:
the coefficient determinant R of the matrix equation is:
order to
Then the fitting coefficient can be obtained
After the fitting coefficient is obtained, the fitting coefficient is substituted back to the curve fitting model to obtain the required fitting curve, and this step is step S304. It is understood that when different curve fitting models are selected, the specific method of step S304 may be slightly different.
After the efficiency curve is obtained, the efficiency under any power generation power can be obtained through the efficiency curve, and further the subsequent required work is completed. For example, the heat generation power of the fuel cell at any load rate can be obtained from the efficiency curve:
in the formula, P r In the case of the rated power of the fuel cell, H (ε) represents the heat generation power H at the operating load factor of the fuel cell of ε.
In order to better implement the method for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell in the embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of the method for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell, please refer to fig. 4 correspondingly, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the apparatus for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell according to the present invention, and an embodiment of the apparatus 400 for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell according to the present invention includes:
a heat generation power acquisition module 401, configured to acquire heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers;
an efficiency value budgeting module 402 for obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set generation powers and generation powers;
an efficiency curve fitting module 403, configured to fit the plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell;
an efficiency acquisition module 404 for acquiring the efficiency of the fuel cell at any particular generated power from the efficiency curve.
Here, it should be noted that: the efficiency measuring device 400 for a fuel cell provided in the above embodiments can implement the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and the specific implementation principles of the modules or units can refer to the corresponding contents in the above embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 500 according to an embodiment of the invention. Based on the method for measuring and calculating the efficiency of the fuel cell, the invention also correspondingly provides an electronic device 500, and the electronic device 500 can be a mobile terminal, a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a server and other computing devices. The electronic device 500 includes a processor 501, a memory 502, and a display 503. Fig. 5 shows only some of the components of the electronic device 500, but it is to be understood that not all of the shown components are required to be implemented, and that more or fewer components may be implemented instead.
The processor 501, which in some embodiments may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor or other data Processing chip, is used to execute program codes stored in the memory 502 or process data, such as performing fuel cell efficiency estimation methods.
The storage 502 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 500, such as a hard disk or a memory, in some embodiments. The memory 502 may also be an external storage device of the electronic device 500 in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and so forth. Further, the memory 502 may also include both internal storage units and external storage devices of the electronic device 500. The memory 502 is used for storing application software installed in the electronic device 500 and various data, such as program codes installed in the electronic device 500. The memory 502 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output. In an embodiment, the memory 502 stores a fuel cell efficiency estimation program 504, and the fuel cell efficiency estimation program 504 can be executed by the processor 501, so as to implement the fuel cell efficiency estimation method according to the embodiments of the present application.
The display 503 may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touch device, or the like in some embodiments. The display 503 is used to display information at the electronic device 500 and to display a visual user interface. The various components of the electronic device 500 communicate with one another via a system bus.
In one embodiment, the steps in the fuel cell efficiency estimation method described above are implemented when the processor 501 executes the fuel cell efficiency estimation routine 504 in the memory 502.
The present embodiment also provides a computer readable storage medium, on which a readable program is stored, which when executed can implement the methods and steps as described in the above embodiments.
According to the efficiency measuring and calculating method, the device, the equipment and the medium of the fuel cell, the multiple efficiency values of the fuel cell are obtained in a mode of obtaining the heat generation power, and the efficiency curve is fitted according to the efficiency values, so that the efficiency of the fuel cell under any power working condition can be known through the efficiency curve, the work of type selection, design and the like related to the fuel cell can be accurately carried out, and the working efficiency is greatly improved. Compared with the prior art, the method does not need to measure and calculate the heat value of the hydrogen, does not adopt electric energy and chemical energy consumed by the hydrogen fuel to obtain the efficiency, can obtain a complete efficiency curve of the fuel cell only by measuring and calculating the efficiency values under a plurality of set power generation powers, further obtains the efficiency of the fuel cell under any power, avoids negative effects on efficiency measurement and calculation caused by factors such as different consumption rates of the hydrogen under different power generation powers, difference between a high heat value and a low heat value and the like, eliminates errors in efficiency measurement and calculation to the greatest extent, and has good application prospect.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for estimating the efficiency of a fuel cell, comprising:
acquiring heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers;
obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set power generation powers and heat generation powers;
fitting the plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell;
and acquiring the efficiency of the fuel cell at any specific power generation power according to the efficiency curve.
2. The method for estimating efficiency of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said fitting the plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell includes:
acquiring load rates corresponding to a plurality of set power generation powers to form a plurality of set load rates, wherein the load rates are the ratio of the power generation power of the fuel cell to the rated power;
establishing a curve fitting model of the efficiency curve according to the set load rate and the corresponding efficiency value, wherein the curve fitting model reflects the relation between the load rate and the efficiency value of the fuel cell;
optimizing the curve fitting model according to the plurality of set load ratios and the corresponding efficiency values, and obtaining optimal fitting parameters of the curve fitting model;
and obtaining the efficiency curve according to the curve fitting model and the optimal fitting parameters thereof.
3. The method for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the optimizing the curve-fitting model according to the plurality of set load ratios and the corresponding efficiency values and obtaining the best-fit parameters of the curve-fitting model comprises:
forming a plurality of discrete points according to a plurality of the set load rates and the efficiency values corresponding to the set load rates;
and obtaining the efficiency values corresponding to a plurality of set load ratios in the curve fitting model and fitting parameters of the curve fitting model in a state of minimum deviation with the plurality of discrete points.
4. The fuel cell efficiency estimation method according to claim 3, wherein the curve fitting model is:
y＝aε 2 +bε+c
wherein epsilon is the load factor of the fuel cell, y is the efficiency value, and a, b and c are all the fitting parameters.
5. The method for measuring efficiency of a fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the obtaining of the fitting parameters of the efficiency values corresponding to the plurality of set load ratios in the curve fitting model and the state of minimum deviation between the efficiency values and the plurality of discrete points includes:
obtaining a function
Fitting parameters under the condition of taking the minimum value;
wherein D is the square sum of the difference between the efficiency value corresponding to the set load factor in the curve fitting model and the discrete point corresponding to the set load factor, n is the number of the discrete points or the number of the set load factor, η i Representing the i-th discrete point, y i And the efficiency value corresponding to the ith set load factor in the curve fitting model is represented.
6. The method for estimating the efficiency of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the obtaining of the heat generation power of the fuel cell at a plurality of different set power generation powers includes:
starting the fuel cell and gradually increasing the power generated by the fuel cell;
acquiring the heat generating power of the fuel cell at one of the set power generation powers each time the power generation power of the fuel cell reaches the one of the set power generation powers;
wherein the set power generation power is at least ten, the difference between two adjacent set power generation powers is at most ten percent of the rated power of the fuel cell, and the set power generation power with the largest value is larger than the rated power of the fuel cell.
7. The fuel cell efficiency evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the acquiring the heat generation power corresponding to the fuel cell at the set power generation power includes:
acquiring a temperature difference between a heat dissipation medium of the fuel cell before and after cooling, wherein the heat dissipation medium is a fluid;
and acquiring the flow, density and specific heat capacity of the heat dissipation medium, and combining the temperature difference to obtain the heat generation power.
8. An efficiency estimation device for a fuel cell, comprising:
the heat generation power acquisition module is used for acquiring heat generation power of the fuel cell under a plurality of different set power generation powers;
an efficiency value budgeting module, which is used for obtaining a plurality of efficiency values of the fuel cell according to a plurality of set generating power and generating power;
an efficiency curve fitting module for fitting the plurality of efficiency values to obtain an efficiency curve of the fuel cell;
and the efficiency acquisition module is used for acquiring the efficiency of the fuel cell at any specific power generation power according to the efficiency curve.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein,
the memory is used for storing programs;
the processor, coupled to the memory, is configured to execute the program stored in the memory to implement the steps in the method for measuring and calculating the efficiency of a fuel cell according to any one of the claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer-readable program or instructions, which when executed by a processor, is capable of implementing the steps of the method for estimating the efficiency of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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