CN114974627A - Experimental system and method for measuring submergence depth of water vapor in lead-bismuth alloy - Google Patents
Experimental system and method for measuring submergence depth of water vapor in lead-bismuth alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114974627A CN114974627A CN202210595795.XA CN202210595795A CN114974627A CN 114974627 A CN114974627 A CN 114974627A CN 202210595795 A CN202210595795 A CN 202210595795A CN 114974627 A CN114974627 A CN 114974627A
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- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000010793 Steam injection (oil industry) Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004004 elastic neutron scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/002—Detection of leaks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a thermal hydraulic verification system and a method for a lead-bismuth fast reactor, in particular to an experimental system and a method for measuring submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy, and solves the technical problem that the conventional experimental research on the rupture accident of a heat transfer pipe of a lead-bismuth fast reactor steam generator is difficult to meet the submergence depth research of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy. The invention provides an experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy, which comprises a measurement acquisition module, a lead-bismuth alloy filling module, a main loop, a water vapor injection module and a heating unit, wherein the measurement acquisition module is connected with the lead-bismuth alloy filling module; the device can ensure the stable operation of the steam in the safe injection and discharge states under the working conditions of higher temperature, different lead-bismuth alloy flow rates and different steam injection quantities; the experimental method for measuring the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy is further provided, and the two-phase flow characteristic of the water vapor-lead-bismuth alloy can be deeply researched.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lead-bismuth fast reactor thermal hydraulic verification system and a method thereof, in particular to an experimental system and a method for measuring submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy.
Background
The lead-cooled fast reactor is one of six fourth generation reactors, and the lead-bismuth alloy as a coolant of the reactor has many advantages, such as high boiling point of the lead-bismuth alloy, no boiling phenomenon in the reactor, difficult heat transfer deterioration, and effective improvement of the operating range and safety limit of the reactor; the lead-bismuth alloy has stable chemical properties, does not have violent chemical reaction with water or air, greatly simplifies the treatment of the leakage accident of the coolant, and improves the economy and the safety of the reactor; the elastic neutron scattering cross section of the lead-bismuth alloy is large, the average free path of neutrons is short, so that the leakage rate of neutrons is low, the reflection effect is good, and the lead-bismuth alloy can be easily designed into a small modular reactor and the like. However, the corrosion of the lead bismuth alloy to the supporting material is very serious, so that the supporting material is easy to have a steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident, when the steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident occurs, water in the second main loop of the reactor can rapidly enter the first main loop and be gasified, and whether subsequent water vapor is carried into the reactor core by the lead bismuth alloy or not is related to the safety of the reactor, so that the research on the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead bismuth alloy under different working conditions is of great importance to the design of the reactor and the safety analysis of the reactor under the accident working conditions.
An experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy is mainly used for researching the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy under different working conditions when a heat transfer pipe rupture accident occurs in a lead-bismuth fast reactor steam generator. The experiment requires that water vapor is directly injected into an experiment section, the operation temperature of an experiment system is high, and the experiment system is required to have complete heating and gas injection system configuration and stable regulation capacity.
In the prior art, experimental research aiming at the rupture accident of the heat transfer pipe of the lead bismuth fast reactor steam generator mainly focuses on the propagation of pressure waves at the beginning of the accident and the subsequent accident slow release, and the submergence depth experimental technology of water vapor in the lead bismuth alloy is not reported in a public way. For example, Chinese patent CN202110992355.3 discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for injection process of steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident, the system mainly researches the process of injecting high-pressure supercooled water into high-temperature lead bismuth alloy in the steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident to obtain key two-phase parameters and a model in the accident, and lead bismuth alloy is static in a reaction container and does not flow circularly, so that the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead bismuth alloy cannot be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental system and method for measuring submergence depth of steam in a lead bismuth alloy, aiming at solving the technical problem that the conventional experimental research on the rupture accident of a heat transfer pipe of a lead bismuth fast reactor steam generator is difficult to meet the technical problem of submergence depth research of the steam in the lead bismuth alloy, so that the deep research on the two-phase flow characteristics of the steam and the lead bismuth alloy is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy is characterized in that: the device comprises a measurement acquisition module, a lead-bismuth alloy filling module, a main loop, a water vapor injection module and a heating unit;
the lead-bismuth alloy filling module comprises a high-purity argon bottle and a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank; the high-purity argon bottle is connected with a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank through a first pipeline; a first pressure gauge and a first valve are arranged on the first pipeline;
the main loop comprises a first gas-liquid separation tank, a first flowmeter, an electromagnetic pump, a fourth valve, a second gas-liquid separation tank, a main loop descending section, a main loop bottom section and a main loop ascending section which are sequentially connected and form a circulation loop; the first gas-liquid separation tank, the first flowmeter, the electromagnetic pump, the fourth valve and the second gas-liquid separation tank form a main loop top section; the descending section and the ascending section of the main loop are respectively provided with a fourth thermocouple and a ninth thermocouple, and the bottom section of the main loop is provided with a second pressure gauge; the upper half part of the descending section of the main circuit is provided with a fourth thermocouple, and the lower half part of the descending section of the main circuit is provided with a differential pressure gauge;
the steam injection module comprises a steam injection pipeline expansion device, a steam generator, a high-power heating section, a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose and a steam injection pipeline which are sequentially connected through a second pipeline; the steam injection pipeline passes through the second gas-liquid separation tank and extends into the descending section of the main loop, and the lower end of the steam injection pipeline is higher than an upper guide pipe of the differential pressure gauge; the steam injection pipeline expansion device is used for adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline extending into the main loop; the second pipeline is provided with at least one pressure gauge, at least one flow meter, at least one thermocouple, a seventh valve and an eighth valve; the seventh valve is positioned between the steam generator and the high-power heating section; the eighth valve is positioned between the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose and the steam injection pipeline;
the bottom of the descending section of the main loop is lower than the bottom of the ascending section of the main loop; a lead-bismuth output pipeline of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is connected with the bottom of the descending section of the main loop after passing through a third valve;
the measurement acquisition module comprises an acquisition board and a signal processor; all pressure gauges, flowmeters, thermocouples and pressure difference gauges are connected to the signal processor through the acquisition board;
the heating unit includes a heating wire; the heating wire is wound on the outer surfaces of the lead bismuth alloy filling module, the first pipeline, the lead bismuth output pipeline, the main loop, the water vapor injection module and the second pipeline.
Further, the first gas-liquid separation tank comprises a tank body, a second thermocouple arranged on the tank body, a first exhaust pipeline and a liquid level probe which are arranged above the tank body, a lead bismuth outlet which is arranged on the side face of the tank body and connected with the first flowmeter, a lead bismuth inlet which is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and connected with the ascending section of the main loop, and a baffle which is arranged between the lead bismuth inlet and the lead bismuth outlet and has the upper end higher than the lead bismuth outlet.
Further, the first gas-liquid separation tank further comprises a first exhaust pipeline, a third pressure gauge, a fifth thermocouple, a third flow meter and a sixth valve, wherein the third pressure gauge, the fifth thermocouple, the third flow meter and the sixth valve are arranged on the first exhaust pipeline; the sixth valve is a gas check valve.
Further, the second gas-liquid separation tank comprises a tank body, a third thermocouple arranged on the tank body, a second exhaust pipeline and a via hole which are arranged above the tank body, a lead bismuth inlet which is arranged on the side surface of the tank body and connected with a fourth valve, and a lead bismuth outlet which is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and connected with a descending section of the main loop; the through hole is opposite to the lead bismuth inlet; the steam injection pipeline telescopic device is arranged on the through hole in a sealing mode.
Further, the second gas-liquid separation tank further comprises a second exhaust pipeline, a fourth pressure gauge, a sixth thermocouple, a second flow meter and a fifth valve, wherein the fourth pressure gauge, the sixth thermocouple, the second flow meter and the fifth valve are arranged on the second exhaust pipeline; the fifth valve is a gas check valve.
Further, the lead bismuth alloy filling module further comprises a third exhaust pipeline, a second valve arranged on the third exhaust pipeline and a first thermocouple arranged on the lead bismuth alloy storage tank.
Further, the device also comprises a heat preservation unit; the heat preservation unit comprises a heat preservation layer coated outside the heating wire.
Further, the total length of a descending section of the main circuit is 3000 mm; the upper pressure guiding pipe of the pressure difference meter is 200mm away from the bottom of the descending section of the main loop; the distance between a lower guide pressure pipe of the pressure difference meter and the bottom of a descending section of the main loop is 100 mm; the depth of the steam injection pipeline extending into the descending section of the main circuit of the lead-bismuth alloy is between 100mm and 2800 mm.
Further, the inclination angle of the bottom section of the main loop is 3-5 degrees.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides an experimental method for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy based on the experimental system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) electrifying a heating wire on the main loop, heating the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank to melt the lead-bismuth alloy, and preheating the main loop; opening the steam generator to ensure that the steam at the outlet of the steam generator reaches a saturated state when the experiment starts; meanwhile, the high-power heating section is in a closed state;
2) when the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank is not lower than 200 ℃ and the temperature of each section in the main loop is not lower than 200 ℃, injecting argon into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank, and gradually pressing the lead-bismuth alloy into the lead-bismuth alloy main loop; when the liquid level probe detects a signal, stopping pressing the lead-bismuth alloy into the main loop, and stopping injecting argon into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank;
3) opening an electromagnetic pump to enable the lead-bismuth alloy to circularly flow in the main loop, improving the heating power of the main loop of the lead-bismuth alloy, and increasing the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the main loop to be more than 300 ℃;
4) when the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the main loop is increased to more than 300 ℃, opening the high-power heating section to enable the vapor to reach an overheated state, injecting the overheated vapor into the lead-bismuth alloy, opening the measurement acquisition module after the loop runs for 5 minutes in a stable state, and starting to record experimental data of pressure, pressure difference, flow and fluid temperature; the submergence depth of the steam in the lead-bismuth alloy under the working conditions of different flow rates of the lead-bismuth alloy and different injection quantities of the steam is obtained by adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline extending into the descending section of the main loop;
5) and after the recording is finished, closing the high-power heating section, closing the steam generator, gradually reducing the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank to 0.15MPa, enabling the lead bismuth alloy to slowly flow back into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank, filling argon gas into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank for protection, closing all valves when the pressure is reduced to 0.3MPa, closing the measurement acquisition module, cutting off a power supply, and finishing the experiment.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the experimental system and the method for measuring the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy can ensure that the water vapor can stably run in a safe injection and discharge state under the working conditions of higher temperature, different lead-bismuth alloy flow rates and different water vapor injection amounts, can simply and quickly adjust system parameters, can accurately obtain a large number of experimental parameters such as the lead-bismuth alloy flow rate, the water vapor flow rate, the temperature, the pressure difference and the like, and can deeply research the two-phase flow characteristic of the water vapor-lead-bismuth alloy.
2. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy has high working temperature, can also adjust the flow rate of the lead-bismuth alloy and the injection amount of the water vapor, has wide adjustment range, and can obtain experimental data under wide experimental working conditions. After the experiment is finished, the lead bismuth alloy can be put back into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank, so that the safety of the system is improved.
3. The invention discloses an experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy, which is mainly used in scientific research and provides experimental data and model support for design and safety analysis of a lead-bismuth fast reactor steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident.
4. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy can bear a higher temperature working condition, ensure the stable and circular operation of the lead-bismuth alloy in a large flow state, and simultaneously can simply and quickly adjust system parameters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an experimental system for measuring submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of a liquid level probe and a baffle inside a first gas-liquid separation tank in an embodiment of the experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in lead-bismuth alloy.
Reference numerals:
1-a high-purity argon bottle, 101-a first pressure gauge, 102-a second pressure gauge, 103-a third pressure gauge, 104-a fourth pressure gauge, 105-a pressure difference gauge, 106-a sixth pressure gauge and 107-a seventh pressure gauge;
2-lead bismuth alloy storage tank, 201-first flowmeter, 202-second flowmeter, 203-third flowmeter, 204-fourth flowmeter;
301-a first thermocouple, 302-a second thermocouple, 303-a third thermocouple, 304-a fourth thermocouple, 305-a fifth thermocouple, 306-a sixth thermocouple, 307-a seventh thermocouple, 308-an eighth thermocouple, 309-a ninth thermocouple;
401-a first valve, 402-a second valve, 403-a third valve, 404-a fourth valve, 405-a fifth valve, 406-a sixth valve, 407-a seventh valve, 408-an eighth valve;
5-an electromagnetic pump, 501-a first gas-liquid separation tank, 502-a second gas-liquid separation tank;
6-a steam generator, 7-a high-power heating section, 8-a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose, 9-a steam injection pipeline, 10-a steam injection pipeline expansion device, 11-a liquid level probe, 12-a baffle, 13-a main loop descending section, 14-a main loop bottom section and 15-a main loop ascending section.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts based on the technical solutions of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
An experiment system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy comprises a measurement acquisition module, a lead-bismuth alloy filling module, a main loop, a water vapor injection module and a heating unit;
the lead bismuth alloy filling module comprises a high-purity argon bottle 1 and a lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2; the high-purity argon bottle 1 is connected with a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 2 through a first pipeline; a first pressure gauge 101 and a first valve 401 are arranged on the first pipeline;
the main loop comprises a first gas-liquid separation tank 501, a first flowmeter 201, an electromagnetic pump 5, a fourth valve 404, a second gas-liquid separation tank 502, a main loop descending section 13, a main loop bottom section 14 and a main loop ascending section 15 which are sequentially connected and form a circulation loop; the first gas-liquid separation tank 501, the first flowmeter 201, the electromagnetic pump 5, the fourth valve 404 and the second gas-liquid separation tank 502 form a top section of a main loop; the main circuit descending section 13 and the main circuit ascending section 15 are respectively provided with a fourth thermocouple 304 and a ninth thermocouple 309, and the main circuit bottom section 14 is provided with a second pressure gauge 102; the upper half part of the main circuit descending section 13 is provided with a fourth thermocouple 304, and the lower half part of the main circuit descending section 13 is provided with a differential pressure gauge 105;
the steam injection module comprises a steam injection pipeline expansion device 10, and a steam generator 6, a high-power heating section 7, a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose 8 and a steam injection pipeline 9 which are sequentially connected through a second pipeline; the steam injection pipeline 9 passes through the second gas-liquid separation tank 502 and extends into the descending section 13 of the main loop, and the lower end of the steam injection pipeline 9 is higher than the upper guide pipe of the differential pressure gauge 105; the steam injection pipeline expansion device 10 is used for adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline 9 extending into the main loop; the second pipeline is provided with at least one pressure gauge, at least one flow meter, at least one thermocouple, a seventh valve 407 and an eighth valve 408; the seventh valve 407 is located between the steam generator 6 and the high power heating section 7; the eighth valve 408 is located between the high temperature and high pressure resistant hose 8 and the steam injection pipe 9;
the bottom of the descending section 13 of the main loop is lower than the bottom of the ascending section 15 of the main loop; a lead bismuth output pipeline of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 is connected with the bottom of the descending section 13 of the main loop through a third valve 403;
the measurement acquisition module comprises an acquisition board and a signal processor; all pressure gauges, flowmeters, thermocouples and pressure difference gauges are connected to the signal processor through the acquisition board;
the heating unit includes a heating wire; the heating wire is wound on the outer surfaces of the lead bismuth alloy filling module, the first pipeline, the lead bismuth output pipeline, the main loop, the water vapor injection module and the second pipeline.
The first gas-liquid separation tank 501 comprises a tank body, a second thermocouple 302 arranged on the tank body, a first exhaust pipeline and a liquid level probe arranged above the tank body, a lead-bismuth outlet arranged on the side surface of the tank body and connected with the first flowmeter 201, a lead-bismuth inlet arranged at the bottom of the tank body and connected with the ascending section 15 of the main loop, and a baffle plate 12 arranged between the lead-bismuth inlet and the lead-bismuth outlet and with the upper end higher than the lead-bismuth outlet.
The first gas-liquid separation tank 501 is further provided with a first exhaust pipeline, a third pressure gauge 103, a fifth thermocouple 305, a third flow meter 203 and a sixth valve 406, wherein the third pressure gauge 103, the fifth thermocouple 305, the third flow meter 203 and the sixth valve 406 are arranged on the first exhaust pipeline; the sixth valve 406 is a gas check valve.
The second gas-liquid separation tank 502 comprises a tank body, a third thermocouple 303 arranged on the tank body, a second exhaust pipeline and a via hole which are arranged above the tank body, a lead bismuth inlet which is arranged on the side surface of the tank body and connected with the fourth valve 404, and a lead bismuth outlet which is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and connected with the main loop descending section 13; the through hole is opposite to the lead bismuth inlet; the steam injection pipeline expansion device 10 is hermetically arranged on the through hole.
The second gas-liquid separation tank 502 is also provided with a second exhaust pipeline, a fourth pressure gauge 104 arranged on the second exhaust pipeline, a sixth thermocouple 306, a second flow meter 202 and a fifth valve 405; the fifth valve 405 is a gas check valve.
The lead bismuth alloy filling module further comprises a third exhaust pipeline, a second valve 402 arranged on the third exhaust pipeline, and a first thermocouple 301 arranged on the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2.
Meanwhile, a heat preservation unit is also arranged; the heat preservation unit comprises a heat preservation layer coated outside the heating wire. The total length of the descending section 13 of the main loop is 3000 mm; the upper pressure guiding pipe of the pressure difference meter is 200mm away from the bottom of the descending section 13 of the main circuit; the distance between a lower guide pressure pipe of the pressure difference meter and the bottom of a descending section 13 of the main circuit is 100 mm; the depth of the steam injection pipe 9 extending into the descending section 13 of the lead-bismuth alloy main loop is between 100mm and 2800 mm. The inclination of the main circuit bottom section 14 is 3-5 deg..
In addition, based on the experimental system, the invention also provides an experimental method for measuring the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy, which comprises the following steps:
1) electrifying a heating wire on the main loop, heating the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 to melt the lead bismuth alloy, and preheating the main loop; the steam generator 6 is opened to ensure that the steam at the outlet of the steam generator 6 reaches a saturated state when the experiment starts; meanwhile, the high-power heating section 7 is in a closed state;
2) when the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 2 is not lower than 200 ℃ and the temperature of each section in the main loop is not lower than 200 ℃, injecting argon into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 2, and gradually pressing the lead-bismuth alloy into the lead-bismuth alloy main loop; when the liquid level probe 11 detects a signal, stopping pressing the lead-bismuth alloy into the main loop, and stopping injecting argon into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 2;
3) turning on the electromagnetic pump 5 to make the lead bismuth alloy circularly flow in the main loop, improving the heating power of the main loop of the lead bismuth alloy, and heating the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy in the main loop to be more than 300 ℃;
4) when the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the main loop is increased to more than 300 ℃, the high-power heating section 7 is opened to enable the vapor to reach an overheated state, the overheated vapor is injected into the lead-bismuth alloy, and after the loop runs for 5 minutes in a stable state, the measurement acquisition module is opened to start recording experimental data of pressure, pressure difference, flow and fluid temperature; the submergence depth of the steam in the lead-bismuth alloy under the working conditions of different flow rates of the lead-bismuth alloy and different injection quantities of the steam is obtained by adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline 9 extending into the descending section 13 of the main loop;
5) and after the recording is finished, closing the high-power heating section 7, closing the steam generator 6, gradually reducing the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 to 0.15MPa, enabling the lead bismuth alloy to slowly flow back into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2, filling argon gas into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 for protection, closing all valves when the pressure is reduced to 0.3MPa, closing the measurement acquisition module, cutting off a power supply, and finishing the experiment.
For further explanation, the present embodiment will be specifically exemplified as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in lead-bismuth alloy comprises a measurement acquisition module, a lead-bismuth alloy filling module, a main loop, a water vapor injection module and a heating unit; the lead bismuth alloy filling module comprises a high-purity argon bottle 1 and a lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2;
the system comprises a high-purity argon gas bottle 1, a first pressure gauge 101 and a first valve 401, wherein the first pressure gauge 101 and the first valve 401 are arranged on a downstream pipeline of the high-purity argon gas bottle 1 and are used for respectively providing argon gas for a main loop, measuring the pressure on an argon gas pipeline and adjusting the flow of the argon gas to form an argon gas module of the system;
a pipeline and a second valve 402 which are arranged at the upper part of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2, a third valve 403 which is arranged on a pipeline at the bottom of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2, wherein the third valve 403 is communicated with the main loop through a pipeline to form a lead bismuth alloy melting storage module of the system; an electric heating wire is wound on the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2, and the lead bismuth alloy is melted by heat generated by the electric heating wire; a first valve 401 on the argon module is connected with the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 through a pipeline, the argon module and the lead bismuth alloy melting storage module jointly form a lead bismuth alloy filling module, and the lead bismuth alloy can be filled into a main loop by forming a pressure difference between the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 and the lead bismuth alloy main loop; the steam generator 6 is used for generating saturated steam, a seventh pressure gauge 107 and an eighth thermocouple 308 on a downstream pipeline of the steam generator 6 are respectively used for measuring the state of the steam at the outlet of the steam generator 6, a seventh valve 407 is installed on the downstream pipeline of the steam generator 6, the downstream pipeline of the seventh valve 407 is connected with the high-power heating section 7, a seventh thermocouple 307, a fourth flowmeter 204 and a sixth pressure gauge 106 are installed on the downstream pipeline of the high-power heating section 7 and are used for measuring the temperature, the flow and the pressure of the steam at the outlet of the high-power heating section 7 respectively, a downstream pipeline of the high-power heating section 7 is connected with a steam injection pipeline 9 through a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose 8, an eighth valve 408 is installed on the steam injection pipeline 9, the steam injection pipeline 9 is connected with a main loop through a steam injection pipeline expansion device 10, and the steam injection pipeline expansion device 10 is used for adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline 9 extending into the main loop of the lead-bismuth alloy, the water vapor injection module of the system is formed; the steam injection module is used for providing superheated steam and injecting the superheated steam into the lead bismuth alloy main loop to perform a lead bismuth alloy-steam gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment;
a first flowmeter 201 is installed on a downstream pipeline of a first gas-liquid separation tank 501, an electromagnetic pump 5 is installed on a downstream pipeline of the first flowmeter 201, a fourth valve 404 is installed on a downstream pipeline of the electromagnetic pump 5, a downstream pipeline of the fourth valve 404 is connected with a second gas-liquid separation tank 502, the bottom of the second gas-liquid separation tank 502 is connected with a main loop descending section 13, the main loop descending section 13 is connected with a main loop bottom section 14, the main loop bottom section 14 is connected with a main loop ascending section 15, the main loop ascending section 15 is connected with the bottom of the first gas-liquid separation tank 501, a lead bismuth alloy circulation loop is formed by the above connection modes, the first flowmeter 201 is used for measuring the flow of the lead bismuth alloy, the electromagnetic pump 5 is used for driving the lead bismuth alloy to flow in the main loop, a second thermocouple 302 and a third thermocouple 303 are respectively installed on the first gas-liquid separation tank 501 and the second gas-liquid separation tank 502, a fourth thermocouple 304 and a ninth thermocouple 309 are respectively installed on the main loop descending section 13 and the main loop ascending section 15, the functions of the two pressure gauges are to measure the temperature of each point in a main loop, a liquid level probe 11 is arranged in a first gas-liquid separation tank 501 and used for measuring the liquid level of the main loop, a pressure difference gauge 105 is arranged at the bottom of a descending section 13 of the main loop and used for measuring the pressure difference of an experimental section (namely between two pressure guiding pipes), and a second pressure gauge 102 is arranged at a bottom section 14 of the main loop and used for measuring the pressure of the bottom section 14 of the main loop, so that the lead-bismuth alloy main loop is formed;
as shown in fig. 2, in order to ensure that water vapor does not enter the first flowmeter 201 and the electromagnetic pump 5, a baffle plate 12 is arranged inside the first gas-liquid separation tank 501, gas-liquid separation is realized on the left side of the baffle plate 12 by gas-liquid two-phase flow entering the first gas-liquid separation tank 501 from the ascending section 15 of the main loop, the water vapor is discharged from an exhaust pipeline, and the lead-bismuth alloy flows out from an outlet on the right side of the baffle plate 12 and enters the first flowmeter 201 and the electromagnetic pump 5; an exhaust pipeline is arranged at the top of the first gas-liquid separation tank 501, a third pressure gauge 103, a fifth thermocouple 305 and a third flow meter 203 are respectively arranged on the exhaust pipeline, the functions of the third pressure gauge, the fifth thermocouple 305 and the third flow meter 203 are respectively used for measuring the pressure, the temperature and the flow of water vapor in the exhaust pipeline, and a sixth valve 406 is arranged at the tail end of the exhaust pipeline; an exhaust pipeline is arranged at the top of the second gas-liquid separation tank 502, a fourth pressure gauge 104, a sixth thermocouple 306 and a second flow meter 202 are respectively arranged on the exhaust pipeline, the functions of the fourth pressure gauge, the sixth thermocouple 306 and the second flow meter are respectively used for measuring the pressure, the temperature and the flow of water vapor in the exhaust pipeline, and a fifth valve 405 is arranged at the tail end of the exhaust pipeline to form an exhaust module of the system; the fifth valve 405 and the sixth valve 406 adopt gas check valves to prevent oxygen in the environment from entering the main loop to oxidize the lead-bismuth alloy. All thermocouples, pressure gauges, differential pressure gauges and flow meters arranged on the main loop are connected to a signal processor through acquisition boards, and the acquisition modules form a system;
in this embodiment, the total length of the descending section 13 of the main circuit of the lead-bismuth alloy is 3000mm, and two pressure pipes are installed at positions 100mm and 200mm away from the bottom of the descending section 13 of the main circuit and connected with the differential pressure gauge 105. The depth of the steam injection pipeline 9 extending into the descending section 13 of the lead-bismuth alloy main loop is adjusted by a steam injection pipeline expansion device 10, and the extending depth is 100mm-2800 mm. The lead bismuth alloy main loop bottom section 14 has an inclination angle of 3-5 degrees to ensure that water vapor smoothly passes through the main loop bottom section 14.
The heating wire is further arranged in the embodiment, and the heating wires are wound on the outer surfaces of the measurement acquisition module, the lead-bismuth alloy filling module, the main loop, the steam injection module and the heating unit and on the surface of the pipeline and are used for preheating the main loop when an experiment is started and performing thermal compensation when the experiment is performed. The outside of the heating wire is coated with a heat-insulating layer. The heat preservation layer comprises aluminum silicate plate coating layers on the surfaces of the modules and the pipeline, glass fiber cloth wound outside the aluminum silicate plate coating layers, and aluminum foil paper adhered outside the glass fiber cloth. The average thickness of the aluminum silicate plate coating layer is more than 100 mm.
In addition, the invention also provides an experimental method for measuring the submergence depth experimental system of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy; the experimental thought of the method aims at the depth of a steam injection pipeline 9, the steam injection amount of a steam injection module and the flow rate of lead-bismuth alloy under different working conditions, and judges whether the steam reaches the position of a pressure difference meter 105 or not through the measurement value of the pressure difference meter 105 (namely the position of the pressure difference meter 105 between two connecting points of two pressure leading pipes and a main loop descending section 13); the pressure difference meter 105 measures the weight level pressure drop and the friction pressure drop between the two pressure leading pipes, and because the weight level pressure drop is far larger than the friction pressure drop, when single-phase lead bismuth alloy exists between the two pressure leading pipes, the output value of the pressure difference meter 105 is stable and has small fluctuation, and at the moment, the steam does not reach the position of the pressure difference meter 105; when the steam reaches the position between the two pressure leading pipes, the pressure drop of the gravity position at the position is greatly reduced and the fluctuation is large due to the gas phase and the liquid phase, and the steam reaches the position of the pressure difference meter 105 at the moment. By the method, the depth of the steam injection pipeline 9 penetrating into the descending section 13 of the main loop, the injection amount of the steam and the submergence depth of the steam in the lead-bismuth alloy under the working condition of the flow rate of the lead-bismuth alloy can be measured;
before the experiment, the system is filled with high-purity argon to protect the lead-bismuth alloy, so that the lead-bismuth alloy is prevented from being polluted due to oxidation reaction caused by contact of the lead-bismuth alloy and air; before the lead bismuth alloy is filled into the main loop, a heating wire on the main loop is electrified to heat the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 to melt the lead bismuth alloy, and each section of the main loop is preheated; the steam generator 6 is opened to ensure that the steam at the outlet of the steam generator 6 reaches a saturated state when the experiment starts, and simultaneously ensure that the high-power heating section 7 is in a closed state to prevent dry burning; when the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 2 reaches 200 ℃ and the temperature of each section in the main loop reaches 200 ℃, the lead-bismuth alloy is injected into the main loop, the first valve 401, the third valve 403, the fourth valve 404, the second valve 402, the fifth valve 405, the sixth valve 406, the seventh valve 407 and the eighth valve 408 are opened, argon gas is injected into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 2, the pressure in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank 2 is gradually increased, and the lead-bismuth alloy is gradually pressed into the lead-bismuth alloy main loop. When the liquid level probe 11 detects a signal, the third valve 403 and the first valve 401 are closed, the lead bismuth alloy stops being pressed into the lead bismuth alloy main loop, and the argon stops being injected into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2; after the lead bismuth alloy main loop is filled with the lead bismuth alloy, the electromagnetic pump 5 is started to enable the lead bismuth alloy to circularly flow in the main loop, the heating power of the lead bismuth alloy main loop is improved, and the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy in the main loop is increased to be more than 300 ℃; after the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the main loop is increased to more than 300 ℃, and the water vapor at the outlet of the steam generator 6 reaches the saturation temperature, the fifth valve 405, the sixth valve 406, the seventh valve 407 and the eighth valve 408 are opened, the high-power heating section 7 is opened to enable the water vapor to reach the overheating state, the overheating water vapor is injected into the lead-bismuth alloy, and the submergence depth of the water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy under the working conditions of different lead-bismuth alloy flow rates and different water vapor injection amounts is obtained by adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline 9 extending into the descending section 13 of the main loop. During the experiment, after the loop runs for 5 minutes in a steady state, the measurement acquisition module is opened to start recording the experimental data of pressure, differential pressure, flow and fluid temperature;
when the experiment is finished, the fifth valve 405, the sixth valve 406, the seventh valve 407 and the eighth valve 408 are closed, the high-power heating section 7 is closed, the steam generator 6 is closed, the second valve 402 is opened, the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 is gradually reduced to 0.15MPa, the third valve 403 is opened, the lead bismuth alloy slowly flows back into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2, argon gas is filled into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 for protection, when the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank 2 is 0.3MPa, all the valves are closed, the acquisition system is closed, the power supply is cut off, and the experiment is finished.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in a lead-bismuth alloy is characterized in that: the device comprises a measurement acquisition module, a lead-bismuth alloy filling module, a main loop, a water vapor injection module and a heating unit;
the lead bismuth alloy filling module comprises a high-purity argon bottle (1) and a lead bismuth alloy storage tank (2); the high-purity argon bottle (1) is connected with a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (2) through a first pipeline; a first pressure gauge (101) and a first valve (401) are arranged on the first pipeline;
the main loop comprises a first gas-liquid separation tank (501), a first flowmeter (201), an electromagnetic pump (5), a fourth valve (404), a second gas-liquid separation tank (502), a main loop descending section (13), a main loop bottom section (14) and a main loop ascending section (15) which are connected in sequence and form a circulation loop; the first gas-liquid separation tank (501), the first flowmeter (201), the electromagnetic pump (5), the fourth valve (404) and the second gas-liquid separation tank (502) form a top section of a main loop; the main loop descending section (13) and the main loop ascending section (15) are respectively provided with a fourth thermocouple (304) and a ninth thermocouple (309), and the main loop bottom section (14) is provided with a second pressure gauge (102); the upper half part of the main circuit descending section (13) is provided with a fourth thermocouple (304), and the lower half part of the main circuit descending section (13) is provided with a differential pressure gauge (105);
the steam injection module comprises a steam injection pipeline expansion device (10), and a steam generator (6), a high-power heating section (7), a high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose (8) and a steam injection pipeline (9) which are sequentially connected through a second pipeline; the steam injection pipeline (9) penetrates through the second gas-liquid separation tank (502) and extends into the descending section (13) of the main loop, and the lower end of the steam injection pipeline (9) is higher than an upper guide pipe of the differential pressure gauge (105); the steam injection pipeline expansion device (10) is used for adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline (9) extending into the main loop; the second pipeline is provided with at least one pressure gauge, at least one flow meter, at least one thermocouple, a seventh valve (407) and an eighth valve (408); a seventh valve (407) is located between the steam generator (6) and the high power heating section (7); the eighth valve (408) is positioned between the high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hose (8) and the steam injection pipeline (9);
the bottom of the descending section (13) of the main loop is lower than the bottom of the ascending section (15) of the main loop; a lead-bismuth output pipeline of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (2) is connected with the bottom of the descending section (13) of the main loop through a third valve (403);
the measurement acquisition module comprises an acquisition board and a signal processor; all pressure gauges, flowmeters, thermocouples and pressure difference gauges are connected to the signal processor through the acquisition board;
the heating unit includes a heating wire; the heating wire is wound on the outer surfaces of the lead-bismuth alloy filling module, the first pipeline, the lead-bismuth output pipeline, the main loop, the water vapor injection module and the second pipeline.
2. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the first gas-liquid separation tank (501) comprises a tank body, a second thermocouple (302) arranged on the tank body, a first exhaust pipeline and a liquid level probe which are arranged above the tank body, a lead-bismuth outlet which is arranged on the side face of the tank body and is connected with a first flowmeter (201), a lead-bismuth inlet which is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and is connected with an ascending section (15) of a main loop, and a baffle (12) which is arranged between the lead-bismuth inlet and the lead-bismuth outlet and is higher than the lead-bismuth outlet at the upper end.
3. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that:
the first gas-liquid separation tank (501) further comprises a first exhaust pipeline, a third pressure gauge (103) arranged on the first exhaust pipeline, a fifth thermocouple (305), a third flow meter (203) and a sixth valve (406); the sixth valve (406) is a gas check valve.
4. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the second gas-liquid separation tank (502) comprises a tank body, a second exhaust pipeline and a via hole which are arranged above the tank body and provided with a third thermocouple (303), a lead bismuth inlet which is arranged on the side surface of the tank body and connected with a fourth valve (404), and a lead bismuth outlet which is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and connected with a descending section (13) of the main loop; the through hole is opposite to the lead bismuth inlet; the steam injection pipeline expansion device (10) is arranged on the through hole in a sealing mode.
5. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that:
the second gas-liquid separation tank (502) further comprises a second exhaust pipeline, a fourth pressure gauge (104) arranged on the second exhaust pipeline, a sixth thermocouple (306), a second flow meter (202) and a fifth valve (405); the fifth valve (405) is a gas check valve.
6. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the lead bismuth alloy filling module further comprises a third exhaust pipeline, a second valve (402) arranged on the third exhaust pipeline and a first thermocouple (301) arranged on the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (2).
7. The system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:
the device also comprises a heat preservation unit; the heat preservation unit comprises a heat preservation layer coated outside the heating wire.
8. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that:
the total length of the descending section (13) of the main loop is 3000 mm; the upper lead pressure pipe of the pressure difference meter is 200mm away from the bottom of the descending section (13) of the main circuit; the distance between a lower guide pressure pipe of the pressure difference meter and the bottom of a descending section (13) of the main circuit is 100 mm; the depth of the steam injection pipeline (9) extending into the descending section (13) of the lead-bismuth alloy main loop is 100-2800 mm.
9. The experimental system for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the inclination angle of the main loop bottom section (14) is 3-5 degrees.
10. The experimental system of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the experimental method for measuring the submergence depth of water vapor in the lead-bismuth alloy comprises the following steps:
1) electrifying a heating wire on the main loop, heating the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (2) to melt the lead bismuth alloy, and preheating the main loop; opening the steam generator (6) to ensure that the steam at the outlet of the steam generator (6) reaches a saturated state when the experiment starts; meanwhile, the high-power heating section (7) is in a closed state;
2) when the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (2) is not lower than 200 ℃ and the temperature of each section in the main loop is not lower than 200 ℃, injecting argon into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (2), and gradually pressing the lead-bismuth alloy into the lead-bismuth alloy main loop; when the liquid level probe (11) detects a signal, stopping pressing the lead-bismuth alloy into the main loop, and stopping injecting argon into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (2);
3) opening the electromagnetic pump (5) to enable the lead bismuth alloy to circularly flow in the main loop, improving the heating power of the main loop of the lead bismuth alloy, and heating the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy in the main loop to be more than 300 ℃;
4) when the temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy in the main loop is increased to more than 300 ℃, opening the high-power heating section (7) to enable the vapor to reach an overheated state, injecting the overheated vapor into the lead-bismuth alloy, opening the measurement acquisition module after the loop runs for 5 minutes in a stable state, and starting to record experimental data of pressure, pressure difference, flow and fluid temperature; the submergence depth of the steam in the lead-bismuth alloy under the working conditions of different flow rates of the lead-bismuth alloy and different injection quantities of the steam is obtained by adjusting the depth of the steam injection pipeline (9) extending into the descending section (13) of the main loop;
5) and after the recording is finished, the high-power heating section (7) is closed, the steam generator (6) is closed, the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (2) is gradually reduced to 0.15MPa, the lead bismuth alloy slowly flows back into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (2), argon gas is filled into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (2) for protection, when the pressure is reduced to 0.3MPa, all valves are closed, the measurement acquisition module is closed, the power supply is cut off, and the experiment is finished.
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