CN113984145A - Calibration platform for liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and calibration method thereof - Google Patents
Calibration platform for liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and calibration method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113984145A CN113984145A CN202111423404.8A CN202111423404A CN113984145A CN 113984145 A CN113984145 A CN 113984145A CN 202111423404 A CN202111423404 A CN 202111423404A CN 113984145 A CN113984145 A CN 113984145A
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration platform for a liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and a calibration method thereof, wherein the calibration platform comprises a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank, an electromagnetic flowmeter, an electric heater, a calibration barrel, a liquid level meter, an argon bottle and a gas loop consisting of a vacuum pump; the calibration method comprises the steps of injecting liquid lead-bismuth alloy into a first calibration cylinder in a calibration loop from a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank by utilizing air pressure, collecting a group of voltage signals by an electromagnetic flowmeter, and collecting on-off signals of a liquid level meter in the first calibration cylinder; controlling a loop valve to enable the lead-bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder to flow to the second calibration cylinder under the action of gravity, and measuring a group of voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter and on-off signals of the liquid level meter in the second calibration cylinder in the same way; solving the flow of the loop by a volume method, drawing a related characteristic curve of the voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the flow of the loop, and fitting a voltage signal-loop flow relation; the electromagnetic flow meter can be calibrated at different operating temperatures allowed by the loop.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a fourth-generation nuclear reactor lead-based coolant electromagnetic flowmeter, and particularly belongs to a calibration platform for a liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and a calibration method thereof.
Background
Nuclear energy plays an indispensable role in the world's energy supply, possessing characteristics of cleanliness, safety and high efficiency, relative to fossil fuels. As one of six reactor concepts selected in a fourth generation nuclear reactor technical roadmap, a lead-based fast neutron reactor uses a liquid lead bismuth alloy as a coolant, and when the liquid lead bismuth reactor is used for carrying out thermal hydraulic power or material characteristic research, accurate flow measurement is very important to carry out and is also an indispensable part in a reactor measurement and control system. However, due to the special physical and chemical characteristics of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, the working conditions of high temperature and strong corrosion must be considered when selecting equipment and technology for measuring the flow of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; meanwhile, all optical methods cannot quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the flow characteristics due to the opacity of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, and the problems bring great challenges to the real-time monitoring of the flow of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy. At present, the main liquid lead bismuth alloy flow measurement technology and equipment at home and abroad mainly comprise: the turbine flowmeter based on the momentum principle has high measurement precision, but the mechanical parts have insufficient long-term stability under the flowing working condition of high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth alloy; the Coriolis effect-based rotary flowmeter can realize self calibration and directly measure mass flow, but the temperature and pressure operation range of the instrument is limited; the vortex shedding flowmeter based on the Karman vortex shedding principle can accurately measure low-speed fluid and is insensitive to physical properties of a medium; the orifice plate flowmeter (or the type of a nozzle, a Venturi and the like) based on the pressure difference measuring principle has wide applicable pipeline size range, but brings large pressure loss; the ultrasonic flowmeter based on the acoustic wave propagation mechanism is free from obstruction in a pipeline, but the temperature resistance of a transduction element needs to be considered, and a waveguide is introduced when high-temperature liquid metal is measured; the electromagnetic flowmeter based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction does not invade pipeline components, has strong output signals, high linearity, stable performance and no pressure loss, can measure high-temperature fluid, is widely applied to domestic and foreign experimental platforms such as THESYS loop of Germany KALLA laboratory, PREKY loop of institute of nuclear energy safety technology of Chinese academy of sciences, and is one of main equipment types for measuring real-time flow of liquid lead-bismuth alloy. Although the electromagnetic flowmeter is simple in composition structure and very convenient to assemble, disassemble and maintain, the output signal of the flowmeter is easily influenced by the boundary condition of the pipeline, because the high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth alloy can cause oxidation corrosion to the structural pipeline, and an insulating oxide layer is formed on the inner wall of the pipeline, so that the output signal is attenuated, and inaccurate flow information reading is easily caused. Therefore, it is desirable to provide an experimental platform and an experimental method that can be used for repeated calibration of an electromagnetic flow meter, so as to correct the output signal thereof and obtain accurate flow information.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the invention provides a calibration platform and a calibration method of a liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter, which are characterized in that liquid lead-bismuth alloy is injected into a first calibration cylinder in a calibration loop from a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank by utilizing air pressure, a group of voltage signals are acquired when the liquid lead-bismuth alloy flows through an electromagnetic flowmeter, and on-off signals of a liquid level meter in the first calibration cylinder are acquired when the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the first calibration cylinder; controlling a loop valve to enable the lead-bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder to flow to the second calibration cylinder under the action of gravity, and measuring a group of voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter and on-off signals of a liquid level meter in the second calibration cylinder in the same way; and solving the flow of the loop by a volume method, drawing a related characteristic curve of the voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the flow of the loop, and fitting a voltage signal-loop flow relation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a calibration platform for a liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and a calibration method thereof comprise a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1), an electromagnetic flowmeter (3), a first calibration barrel (4), a first liquid level meter (18), a second calibration barrel (5), a second liquid level meter (17), a gas loop consisting of an argon bottle (6) and a vacuum pump (7), a first electric heater (20), a second electric heater (8) and a third electric heater (9);
the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is used as a container for storing liquid lead bismuth alloy when the calibration platform stops running, is arranged at the lowest position of the calibration platform, and is communicated and isolated with a liquid lead bismuth loop of the calibration platform by controlling the opening and closing of the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10); the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is connected with the argon bottle (6) through a first gas valve (12) and is used for adjusting the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1); the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is connected with the atmosphere through a second gas valve (13) and used as an exhaust channel to adjust the gas pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1); a first pressure sensor (22) for monitoring gas pressure is arranged in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), so that the gas pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) can be monitored on line in real time; the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is also provided with a first temperature sensor (21) for monitoring liquid lead bismuth alloy, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring whether the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is in a liquid state; the outer wall surface of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is provided with a first electric heater (20) for adjusting the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy;
the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is used for measuring the flow of liquid lead and bismuth in a liquid lead and bismuth loop of the calibration platform, the inlet of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is connected with the third electric V-shaped ball valve (2), and the outlet of the electromagnetic flowmeter is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4); the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is connected with the second calibration cylinder (5) through a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) and a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11);
the first calibration cylinder (4) is used as a loop to contain a container of liquid lead bismuth and is also used for adjusting the pressure in the loop when the calibration platform runs; the first calibration barrel (4) is arranged at the high position of the calibration platform, is connected with an outlet of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3), and is used as a container for liquid lead bismuth when a loop runs; a first liquid level meter (18) is arranged in the first calibration cylinder (4) and used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; a second temperature sensor (23) is arranged in the first calibration cylinder (4) and used for monitoring the temperature of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; a second pressure sensor (24) is arranged in the first calibration cylinder (4) and is used for monitoring the gas pressure in the first calibration cylinder (4); the first calibration cylinder (4) is connected with the argon bottle (6) through a third gas valve (14) to supply covering gas for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, and the pressure of the first calibration cylinder (4) and the second calibration cylinder (5) can be adjusted; the first calibration cylinder (4) is connected with the second calibration cylinder (5) through a fourth gas valve (15) to play a role in communicating a whole calibration platform pipeline loop gas channel; the first calibration cylinder (4) is connected with a vacuum pump (7) through a fifth gas valve (16) and is used for controlling the pressure in the first calibration cylinder (4), the second calibration cylinder (5) and the whole loop pipeline; a second electric heater (8) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the first calibration cylinder (4), and the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy is adjusted through a programmable logic controller;
the first liquid level meter (18) is arranged in the first calibration barrel (4) and is used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy;
the second calibration cylinder (5) is used as a loop to accommodate a container of liquid lead bismuth when the calibration platform operates, and is arranged at the high position of the calibration platform; the second calibration cylinder (5) is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4) through a fourth gas valve (15), is communicated with a gas flow channel of the loop and is also used as a channel for adjusting the gas pressure in the second calibration cylinder (5); the inlet of the second calibration cylinder (5) is used as a liquid lead-bismuth flow channel through a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11), a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) and an electromagnetic flowmeter (3); a second liquid level meter (17) is arranged in the second calibration cylinder (5) and used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; a third temperature sensor (19) is arranged in the second calibration cylinder (5) and used for monitoring the temperature of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; the outer wall surface of the second calibration cylinder (5) is provided with a third electric heater (9) for adjusting the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy;
the second liquid level meter (17) is arranged in the second calibration barrel (5) and is used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy;
the argon bottle (6) is connected with the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) through a first gas valve (12) and is used for adjusting the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) and taking the pressure as the pneumatic power for pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) into the calibration platform operation loop; the argon bottle (6) is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4) through a third gas valve (14), so that not only is covering gas provided for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy to prevent the lead-bismuth alloy from being oxidized and polluted, but also the gas pressure of the first calibration cylinder (4) and the whole calibration platform operation loop is adjusted;
the vacuum pump (7) is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4) through a fifth gas valve (16) to play a role in adjusting the gas pressure;
the electric heater (20) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), wraps the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) and is used for heating the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) so as to reach the temperature required by the operation of a calibration loop;
the electric heater (8) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the first calibration cylinder (4), and the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) is adjusted through a programmable logic controller;
and the third electric heater (9) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the second calibration cylinder (5), and the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the second calibration cylinder (5) is adjusted through a programmable logic controller.
The circuit pipeline in the non-vertical direction has an inclination angle of 10 degrees, so that liquid lead-bismuth alloy can conveniently flow back into the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1), and the situation that the lead-bismuth alloy is still attached to the pipeline when the calibration platform circuit stops running and the pipeline is corroded is prevented.
A liquid flowing pipeline connected with the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) extends to be below the liquid level of the liquid lead bismuth alloy, and the distance between a pipeline opening and the bottom of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is 2 cm; gas pipelines connected with the first gas valve (12) and the second gas valve (13) are arranged above the liquid level of the liquid lead bismuth, and the distance between the pipeline opening and the liquid level is at least 10 cm; the maximum heating power of a first electric heater (20) arranged on the outer wall surface of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is 10kW, and the maximum temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy can be adjusted to 600 ℃ through a programmable logic controller.
The lowest positions of the first calibration cylinder (4) and the second calibration cylinder (5) are consistent in the horizontal direction.
The electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is of a permanent magnet type, and the signal acquisition mode is to directly acquire an original voltage signal.
The argon used in the argon bottle (6) is high-purity argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
The first liquid level meter (18) and the second liquid level meter (17) are respectively provided with six on-off probes with different lengths, and the six on-off probes are used for monitoring the liquid level height and the arrival time of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the container.
The calibration loop is characterized in that good heat insulation layers are uniformly distributed on a liquid lead bismuth flowing pipeline and a container in the calibration loop, and heating wires are further distributed on the outer wall surface of the liquid lead bismuth flowing pipeline and used for maintaining the temperature of the pipeline and preventing liquid lead bismuth alloy in the pipeline from solidifying.
Lead bismuth alloy holding vessel (1), first calibration section of thick bamboo (4), second calibration section of thick bamboo (5) and return circuit liquid pipeline all adopt 316L type stainless steel, return circuit liquid pipeline internal diameter is 32 mm.
The first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), the second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) and the third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) are special high-temperature-resistant liquid metal valves.
The first electric heater (20), the second electric heater (8) and the third electric heater (9) can adjust heating power through a programmable logic controller, the first electric heater (20) is mainly used for heating and maintaining the temperature of liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the container, and the second electric heater (8) and the third electric heater (9) maintain the temperature in the container, so that the calibration loop operates at different allowable temperatures.
The calibration method for the calibration platform of the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter comprises the following operation steps:
before a calibration test is started, adding a solid lead-bismuth alloy into a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1), adjusting the heating power of a first electric heater (20), and heating and melting the solid lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to a liquid state; simultaneously starting a second electric heater (8), a third electric heater (9), an electric heating wire preheating loop pipeline on the pipeline, a flowmeter and a high-temperature valve; when the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is heated, a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) on a loop is closed, a first gas valve (12) connected with an argon bottle (6) is opened, a second gas valve (13) connected with the atmosphere is opened, flowing argon covers the lead bismuth alloy of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), and oxidation pollution of the lead bismuth alloy in the heating process is prevented; after the lead-bismuth alloy is heated to be completely melted and reaches the required temperature, the second gas valve (13) is closed, the argon bottle (6) continues to pressurize the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) until the gas space pressure in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is 0.3MPa, and the first gas valve (12) is closed; opening a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) and a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) on the lead-bismuth loop and a fourth gas valve (15) and a fifth gas valve (16) of a gas pipeline, vacuumizing the calibration loop and the gas pipeline by using a vacuum pump (7), opening a third gas valve (14) to fill certain argon into the lead-bismuth loop and the gas pipeline, repeating the vacuumizing operation, and removing air in the lead-bismuth loop and the gas pipeline until the pressure measured by a second pressure sensor (24) is negative relative to the atmospheric pressure; after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) of the lead-bismuth loop and a third gas valve (14), a fourth gas valve (15) and a fifth gas valve (16) of the gas pipeline, opening a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), the liquid lead bismuth alloy is pressed into a lead bismuth loop by the air pressure of 0.3MPa in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) and enters a first calibration cylinder (4) through an electromagnetic flowmeter (3), the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) can be monitored through 6 probes with different lengths of the first liquid level meter (18), when the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the target liquid level, closing and opening the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), opening the second gas valve (13) to adjust the argon pressure in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to the atmospheric pressure level, and closing the second gas valve (13), so that the liquid lead-bismuth alloy is injected into the loop; when the calibration loop operates, the temperature in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) needs to be kept above the melting point of the lead bismuth alloy by a first electric heater (20), the conservative temperature is 200 ℃, and preparation is made for the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to emergently recover the liquid lead bismuth alloy of the calibration loop;
according to the calibration requirement of the electromagnetic flowmeter at the target temperature, the detailed operation calibration method comprises the following steps:
1) the liquid lead bismuth alloy of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is pressed into the first calibration cylinder (4) by air pressure, and a group of voltage signals can be acquired when the liquid lead bismuth alloy flows through the electromagnetic flowmeter (3); when the liquid lead bismuth alloy reaches the first calibration cylinder (4), on-off signals of the first liquid level meter (18) changing along with time can be collected;
2) opening a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) to enable the lead bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) to flow to the second calibration cylinder (5) under the action of gravity, wherein a group of voltage signals can be collected when the liquid lead bismuth alloy flows through the electromagnetic flowmeter (3); when the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the second calibration cylinder (5), on-off signals of the second liquid level meter (17) changing along with time can be collected until the liquid metal liquid level heights in the first calibration cylinder (4) and the second calibration cylinder (5) are consistent;
3) opening a second gas valve (13), and opening a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) to enable all liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the calibration loop to flow back to the storage tank (1);
4) repeating the operation of injecting the liquid lead-bismuth alloy into the calibration loop, and then repeating the steps 1), 2) and 3);
5) and repeating the previous steps 1), 2), 3) and 4) until the collected voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) and the on-off signals of the first liquid level meter (18) and the second liquid level meter (17) are enough, calculating by using a volume method to obtain the liquid flow in the calibration loop, correlating the obtained liquid flow and the corresponding voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter, drawing a correlation characteristic curve of the voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the liquid flow in the loop, and fitting a corresponding correlation formula according to the correlation characteristic curve.
The voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) can be changed by adjusting the flow in the loop, and the flow in the loop can be adjusted by the air pressure of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) when liquid lead bismuth alloy is injected into the loop, or the flow in the loop can be adjusted by pressurizing the first calibration cylinder (4) when the liquid flows to the second calibration cylinder (5).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and the calibration method thereof can be used for calibrating different types of electromagnetic flowmeters at different temperatures and different flow rates. After the calibration platform is used for calibrating the flow, the actual flow of the liquid loop can be solved within a certain precision range through the voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the on-off signals of the first liquid level meter and the second liquid level meter. And according to the measurement signal and the reflux flow solving result, drawing a correlation curve of the voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the loop flow under different working conditions, and fitting a corresponding relation according to the curve, so that the real-time monitoring of the flow can be realized.
2. According to the calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and the calibration method thereof, the working conditions of different liquid temperatures and different liquid flow rates can be realized by adjusting the heating power and the gas pressure of the storage tank, so that the application range of a fitted calibration formula is wider. And calculating by using a volume method to obtain the relation between the volume flow and the output voltage signal. Compared with a method for additionally introducing calibrated flow meters to calibrate the flow of the electromagnetic flow meter at home and abroad, the method is simpler, more convenient and faster, does not use instrument errors caused by the calibrated flow meters, reduces errors of a calibration formula, and has more accurate monitored flow numerical values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a calibration platform for a liquid lead bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a probe of a calibration cylinder liquid level meter of a calibration platform for a liquid lead bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a calibration result of a calibration test performed by applying the calibration platform and the calibration method for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter according to the invention;
wherein: the device comprises a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1), a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2), an electromagnetic flowmeter (3), a first calibration cylinder (4), a second calibration cylinder (5), an argon bottle (6), a vacuum pump (7), a second electric heater (8), a third electric heater (9), a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11), a first gas valve (12), a second gas valve (13), a third gas valve (14), a fourth gas valve (15), a fifth gas valve (16), a second liquid level meter (17), a first liquid level meter (18), a third temperature sensor (19), a first electric heater (20), a first temperature sensor (21), a first pressure sensor (22), a second temperature sensor (23) and a second pressure sensor (24); 6 probes 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806 and an operating DC power supply 1807 of a first level gauge (18); 6 probes 1701, 1702, 1703, 1704, 1705, 1706 of a second level gauge (17) and an operating DC power supply 1707.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention without creative efforts. In the description of the present invention, the terms "horizontal", "lowest", "upper", "lower", "outer", "inner", etc. indicate positions based on the positions or orientations shown in fig. 1, and the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", etc. are used only for describing the referred objects, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly including one or more of the features. In addition, unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are used broadly and can be used interchangeably, either directly or through some intermediary.
The invention relates to a calibration method for a calibration platform of a liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter, which can realize the solution of the actual flow of a liquid loop in a certain precision range by using a voltage signal of an electromagnetic flowmeter and on-off signals of a first liquid level meter and a second liquid level meter after the calibration platform is used for calibrating the flow. And according to the measurement signal and the reflux flow solving result, drawing a correlation curve of the voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the loop flow under different working conditions, and fitting a corresponding relation according to the curve, so that the real-time monitoring of the flow can be realized.
As shown in fig. 1, before the calibration test, adding a solid lead bismuth alloy into a lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), adjusting the heating power of a first electric heater (20), and heating and melting the solid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to a liquid state at the temperature of 300 ℃; simultaneously starting a second electric heater (8), a third electric heater (9), an electric heating wire preheating loop pipeline on the pipeline, a flowmeter and a high-temperature valve; when the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is heated, a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) on a loop is closed, a first gas valve (12) connected with an argon bottle (6) is opened, a second gas valve (13) connected with the atmosphere is opened, flowing argon covers the lead bismuth alloy of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), and oxidation pollution of the lead bismuth alloy in the heating process is prevented; after the lead-bismuth alloy is heated to be completely melted and reaches the required temperature, the second gas valve (13) is closed, the argon bottle (6) continues to pressurize the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) until the gas space pressure in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is 0.3MPa, and the first gas valve (12) is closed; opening a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) and a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) on the lead-bismuth loop and a fourth gas valve (15) and a fifth gas valve (16) of a gas pipeline, vacuumizing the calibration loop and the gas pipeline by using a vacuum pump (7), opening a third gas valve (14) to fill certain argon into the lead-bismuth loop and the gas pipeline, repeating the vacuumizing operation, and removing air in the lead-bismuth loop and the gas pipeline until the pressure measured by a second pressure sensor (24) is negative relative to the atmospheric pressure; after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) of the lead-bismuth loop and a third gas valve (14), a fourth gas valve (15) and a fifth gas valve (16) of the gas pipeline, opening a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), the liquid lead bismuth alloy is pressed into a lead bismuth loop by the air pressure of 0.3MPa in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) and enters a first calibration cylinder (4) through an electromagnetic flowmeter (3), the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) can be monitored through 6 probes with different lengths of the first liquid level meter (18), when the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the target liquid level, closing and opening the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), opening the second gas valve (13) to adjust the argon pressure in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to the atmospheric pressure level, and closing the second gas valve (13), so that the liquid lead-bismuth alloy is injected into the loop; when the calibration loop operates, the temperature in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) needs to be kept above the melting point of the lead bismuth alloy by the first electric heater (20), the conservative temperature is 200 ℃, preparation is made for the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to emergently recover the liquid lead bismuth alloy of the calibration loop, and real-time monitoring of the flow can be achieved.
According to the calibration requirement of the electromagnetic flowmeter at the target temperature, the calibration method is explained in detail as follows:
1) the liquid lead bismuth alloy of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is pressed into the first calibration cylinder (4) by air pressure, and a group of voltage signals can be acquired when the liquid lead bismuth alloy flows through the electromagnetic flowmeter (3); when the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the first calibration cylinder (4), on-off signals of the first liquid level meter (18) along with the change of time can be collected, as shown in the left diagram of fig. 2;
2) opening a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) to enable the lead bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) to flow to the second calibration cylinder (5) under the action of gravity, wherein a group of voltage signals can be collected when the liquid lead bismuth alloy flows through the electromagnetic flowmeter (3); when the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the second calibration cylinder (5), on-off signals of the second liquid level meter (17) changing along with time can be collected, as shown in the right diagram of fig. 2, until the liquid metal liquid level heights in the first calibration cylinder (4) and the second calibration cylinder (5) are consistent;
3) opening a second gas valve (13), and opening a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) to enable all liquid lead bismuth alloy in the calibration loop to flow back to the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1);
4) repeating the operation of injecting the liquid lead-bismuth alloy into the calibration loop, and then repeating the steps 1), 2) and 3); 5) And repeating the previous steps 1), 2), 3) and 4) until the collected voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) and the on-off signals of the first liquid level meter (18) and the second liquid level meter (17) are enough, calculating by using a volume method to obtain the liquid flow in the calibration loop, correlating the obtained liquid flow and the corresponding voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter, drawing a correlation characteristic curve of the voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the liquid flow in the loop, and fitting a corresponding correlation formula according to the correlation characteristic curve.
As shown in fig. 3, the calibration result of the calibration test performed by applying the calibration platform for the liquid lead bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and the calibration method thereof of the invention shows that the output voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter has a good linear correspondence with the measured liquid lead bismuth alloy flow, the signal reading is simple and convenient, the measurement precision is high, and the real-time monitoring of the liquid lead bismuth alloy flow can be realized.
In summary, liquid lead bismuth alloy is injected into a first calibration cylinder in a calibration loop from a lead bismuth alloy storage tank by utilizing air pressure, a group of voltage signals are acquired by an electromagnetic flowmeter, and on-off signals of a liquid level meter in the first calibration cylinder are acquired; controlling a loop valve to enable the lead-bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder to flow to the second calibration cylinder under the action of gravity, and measuring a group of voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter and on-off signals of the liquid level meter in the second calibration cylinder in the same way; the flow of the loop is solved by a volume method, a relevant characteristic curve of the voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the flow of the loop is drawn, a voltage signal-loop flow relation is fitted, and the flow of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy can be monitored in real time.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description, and all such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The invention discloses a calibration platform for a liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter and a calibration method thereof, which are characterized by comprising a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1), an electromagnetic flowmeter (3), a first calibration barrel (4), a first liquid level meter (18), a second calibration barrel (5), a second liquid level meter (17), a gas loop consisting of an argon bottle (6) and a vacuum pump (7), a first electric heater (20), a second electric heater (8) and a third electric heater (9);
the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is used as a container for storing liquid lead bismuth alloy when the calibration platform stops running, is arranged at the lowest position of the calibration platform, and is communicated and isolated with a liquid lead bismuth loop of the calibration platform by controlling the opening and closing of the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10); the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is connected with the argon bottle (6) through a first gas valve (12) and is used for adjusting the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1); the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is connected with the atmosphere through a second gas valve (13) and used as an exhaust channel to adjust the gas pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1); a first pressure sensor (22) for monitoring gas pressure is arranged in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), so that the gas pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) can be monitored on line in real time; the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is also provided with a first temperature sensor (21) for monitoring liquid lead bismuth alloy, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring whether the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is in a liquid state; the outer wall surface of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is provided with a first electric heater (20) for adjusting the temperature of the lead bismuth alloy;
the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is used for measuring the flow of liquid lead and bismuth in a liquid lead and bismuth loop of the calibration platform, the inlet of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is connected with the third electric V-shaped ball valve (2), and the outlet of the electromagnetic flowmeter is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4); the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is connected with the second calibration cylinder (5) through a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) and a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11);
the first calibration cylinder (4) is used as a loop to contain a container of liquid lead bismuth and is also used for adjusting the pressure in the loop when the calibration platform runs; the first calibration barrel (4) is arranged at the high position of the calibration platform, is connected with an outlet of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3), and is used as a container for liquid lead bismuth when a loop runs; a first liquid level meter (18) is arranged in the first calibration cylinder (4) and used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; a second temperature sensor (23) is arranged in the first calibration cylinder (4) and used for monitoring the temperature of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; a second pressure sensor (24) is arranged in the first calibration cylinder (4) and is used for monitoring the gas pressure in the first calibration cylinder (4); the first calibration cylinder (4) is connected with the argon bottle (6) through a third gas valve (14) to supply covering gas for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy, and the pressure of the first calibration cylinder (4) and the second calibration cylinder (5) can be adjusted; the first calibration cylinder (4) is connected with the second calibration cylinder (5) through a fourth gas valve (15) to play a role in communicating a whole calibration platform pipeline loop gas channel; the first calibration cylinder (4) is connected with a vacuum pump (7) through a fifth gas valve (16) and is used for controlling the pressure in the first calibration cylinder (4), the second calibration cylinder (5) and the whole loop pipeline; a second electric heater (8) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the first calibration cylinder (4), and the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy is adjusted through a programmable logic controller;
the first liquid level meter (18) is arranged in the first calibration barrel (4) and is used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy;
the second calibration cylinder (5) is used as a loop to accommodate a container of liquid lead bismuth when the calibration platform operates, and is arranged at the high position of the calibration platform; the second calibration cylinder (5) is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4) through a fourth gas valve (15), is communicated with a gas flow channel of the loop and is also used as a channel for adjusting the gas pressure in the second calibration cylinder (5); the inlet of the second calibration cylinder (5) is used as a liquid lead-bismuth flow channel through a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11), a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) and an electromagnetic flowmeter (3); a second liquid level meter (17) is arranged in the second calibration cylinder (5) and used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; a third temperature sensor (19) is arranged in the second calibration cylinder (5) and used for monitoring the temperature of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy; the outer wall surface of the second calibration cylinder (5) is provided with a third electric heater (9) for adjusting the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy;
the second liquid level meter (17) is arranged in the second calibration barrel (5) and is used for monitoring the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy;
the argon bottle (6) is connected with the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) through a first gas valve (12) and is used for adjusting the pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) and taking the pressure as the pneumatic power for pressing the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) into the calibration platform operation loop; the argon bottle (6) is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4) through a third gas valve (14), so that not only is covering gas provided for the liquid lead-bismuth alloy to prevent the lead-bismuth alloy from being oxidized and polluted, but also the gas pressure of the first calibration cylinder (4) and the whole calibration platform operation loop is adjusted;
the vacuum pump (7) is connected with the first calibration cylinder (4) through a fifth gas valve (16) to play a role in adjusting the gas pressure;
the electric heater (20) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), wraps the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) and is used for heating the lead bismuth alloy in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) so as to reach the temperature required by the operation of a calibration loop;
the electric heater (8) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the first calibration cylinder (4), and the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) is adjusted through a programmable logic controller;
and the third electric heater (9) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the second calibration cylinder (5), and the temperature of the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the second calibration cylinder (5) is adjusted through a programmable logic controller.
2. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
the loop pipeline in the non-vertical direction has an inclination angle of 10 degrees, so that liquid lead bismuth alloy conveniently flows back into the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), and the phenomenon that the lead bismuth alloy still adheres to the pipeline when the calibration platform loop stops running and corrodes the pipeline is prevented.
3. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
a liquid flowing pipeline connected with the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) extends to be below the liquid level of the liquid lead bismuth alloy, and the distance between a pipeline opening and the bottom of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is 2 cm; gas pipelines connected with the first gas valve (12) and the second gas valve (13) are arranged above the liquid level of the liquid lead bismuth, and the distance between the pipeline opening and the liquid level is at least 10 cm; the maximum heating power of a first electric heater (20) arranged on the outer wall surface of the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is 10kW, and the maximum temperature of the lead-bismuth alloy can be adjusted to 600 ℃ through a programmable logic controller.
4. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
the lowest positions of the first calibration cylinder (4) and the second calibration cylinder (5) are consistent in the horizontal direction.
5. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) is of a permanent magnet type, and the signal acquisition mode is to directly acquire an original voltage signal.
6. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
the argon used in the argon bottle (6) is high-purity argon with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 percent.
7. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
the first liquid level meter (18) and the second liquid level meter (17) are respectively provided with six on-off probes with different lengths, and the six on-off probes are used for monitoring the liquid level height and the arrival time of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the container.
8. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
good heat insulation layers are uniformly arranged on the liquid lead bismuth flowing pipeline and the container in the calibration loop, wherein heating wires are further arranged on the outer wall surface of the liquid lead bismuth flowing pipeline and used for maintaining the temperature of the pipeline and preventing the liquid lead bismuth alloy in the pipeline from solidifying.
9. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
lead bismuth alloy holding vessel (1), first calibration section of thick bamboo (4), second calibration section of thick bamboo (5) and return circuit liquid pipeline all adopt 316L type stainless steel, return circuit liquid pipeline internal diameter is 32 mm.
10. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), the second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) and the third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) are special high-temperature-resistant liquid metal valves.
11. The calibration platform for the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claim 1,
the first electric heater (20), the second electric heater (8) and the third electric heater (9) can adjust heating power through a programmable logic controller, the first electric heater (20) is mainly used for heating and maintaining the temperature of liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the container, and the second electric heater (8) and the third electric heater (9) maintain the temperature in the container, so that the calibration loop operates at different allowable temperatures.
12. The calibration method for the calibration platform of the liquid lead-bismuth electromagnetic flowmeter as recited in claims 1 to 12,
before a calibration test is started, adding a solid lead-bismuth alloy into a lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1), adjusting the heating power of a first electric heater (20), and heating and melting the solid lead-bismuth alloy in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to a liquid state; simultaneously starting a second electric heater (8), a third electric heater (9), an electric heating wire preheating loop pipeline on the pipeline, a flowmeter and a high-temperature valve; when the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is heated, a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) on a loop is closed, a first gas valve (12) connected with an argon bottle (6) is opened, a second gas valve (13) connected with the atmosphere is opened, flowing argon covers the lead bismuth alloy of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1), and oxidation pollution of the lead bismuth alloy in the heating process is prevented; after the lead-bismuth alloy is heated to be completely melted and reaches the required temperature, the second gas valve (13) is closed, the argon bottle (6) continues to pressurize the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) until the gas space pressure in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is 0.3MPa, and the first gas valve (12) is closed; opening a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) and a third electric V-shaped ball valve (2) on the lead-bismuth loop and a fourth gas valve (15) and a fifth gas valve (16) of a gas pipeline, vacuumizing the calibration loop and the gas pipeline by using a vacuum pump (7), opening a third gas valve (14) to fill certain argon into the lead-bismuth loop and the gas pipeline, repeating the vacuumizing operation, and removing air in the lead-bismuth loop and the gas pipeline until the pressure measured by a second pressure sensor (24) is negative relative to the atmospheric pressure; after the vacuum pumping is finished, closing a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) of the lead-bismuth loop and a third gas valve (14), a fourth gas valve (15) and a fifth gas valve (16) of the gas pipeline, opening a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), the liquid lead bismuth alloy is pressed into a lead bismuth loop by the air pressure of 0.3MPa in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) and enters a first calibration cylinder (4) through an electromagnetic flowmeter (3), the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) can be monitored through 6 probes with different lengths of the first liquid level meter (18), when the liquid level of the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the target liquid level, closing and opening the first electric V-shaped ball valve (10), opening the second gas valve (13) to adjust the argon pressure in the lead-bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to the atmospheric pressure level, and closing the second gas valve (13), so that the liquid lead-bismuth alloy is injected into the loop; when the calibration loop operates, the temperature in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) needs to be kept above the melting point of the lead bismuth alloy by a first electric heater (20), the conservative temperature is 200 ℃, and preparation is made for the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) to emergently recover the liquid lead bismuth alloy of the calibration loop;
according to the calibration requirement of the electromagnetic flowmeter at the target temperature, the calibration method is explained in detail as follows:
1) the liquid lead bismuth alloy of the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) is pressed into the first calibration cylinder (4) by air pressure, and a group of voltage signals can be acquired when the liquid lead bismuth alloy flows through the electromagnetic flowmeter (3); when the liquid lead bismuth alloy reaches the first calibration cylinder (4), on-off signals of the first liquid level meter (18) changing along with time can be collected;
2) opening a second electric V-shaped ball valve (11) to enable the lead bismuth alloy in the first calibration cylinder (4) to flow to the second calibration cylinder (5) under the action of gravity, wherein a group of voltage signals can be collected when the liquid lead bismuth alloy flows through the electromagnetic flowmeter (3); when the liquid lead-bismuth alloy reaches the second calibration cylinder (5), on-off signals of the second liquid level meter (17) changing along with time can be collected until the liquid metal liquid level heights in the first calibration cylinder (4) and the second calibration cylinder (5) are consistent;
3) opening a second gas valve (13), and opening a first electric V-shaped ball valve (10) to enable all liquid lead bismuth alloy in the calibration loop to flow back to the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1);
4) repeating the operation of injecting the liquid lead-bismuth alloy into the calibration loop, and then repeating the steps 1), 2) and 3);
5) and repeating the previous steps 1), 2), 3) and 4) until the collected voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) and the on-off signals of the first liquid level meter (18) and the second liquid level meter (17) are enough, calculating by using a volume method to obtain the liquid flow in the calibration loop, correlating the obtained liquid flow and the corresponding voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter, drawing a correlation characteristic curve of the voltage signals of the electromagnetic flowmeter and the liquid flow in the loop, and fitting a corresponding correlation formula according to the correlation characteristic curve.
13. A calibration platform for an electromagnetic flowmeter for liquid lead bismuth according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnitude of the voltage signal of the electromagnetic flowmeter (3) can be changed by adjusting the magnitude of the flow in the loop, and the magnitude of the flow in the loop can be adjusted by the magnitude of the air pressure in the lead bismuth alloy storage tank (1) when liquid lead bismuth alloy is injected into the loop, or by pressurizing the first calibration cylinder (4) to adjust the flow in the loop when liquid lead bismuth flows to the second calibration cylinder (5).
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