CN109300560B - Mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device - Google Patents
Mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109300560B CN109300560B CN201811292833.4A CN201811292833A CN109300560B CN 109300560 B CN109300560 B CN 109300560B CN 201811292833 A CN201811292833 A CN 201811292833A CN 109300560 B CN109300560 B CN 109300560B
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- Prior art keywords
- flow valve
- control device
- bubbler
- oxygen potential
- gas
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[Pu+4] FLDALJIYKQCYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of reactors or parts thereof
- G21C21/02—Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fast neutron reactors, and discloses an oxygen potential control device for a mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere. The device comprises a gas cylinder, a drying pipe, a flow valve, a bubbler, a thermometer, a pressure control device, a gas mixing tank, a moisture meter, a sintering furnace and a control cabinet, wherein the gas cylinder is internally provided with a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and an outlet of the gas cylinder is connected with the drying pipe through a connecting pipe so as to dry moisture in the hydrogen-argon mixed gas; the flow valves are divided into a first flow valve and a second flow valve; one end of the drying pipe far away from the gas cylinder is respectively connected with one ends of the first flow valve and the second flow valve through two connecting pipelines, wherein the other end of the first flow valve is connected with the inlet end of the gas mixing tank, and the other end of the second flow valve is connected with the bubbler. The device has the advantages of accurate oxygen potential control, simple structure and control process, high economy and capability of meeting the requirement of mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fast neutron reactors, and particularly relates to an oxygen potential control device for a mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere.
Background
When the fast reactor MOX pellet is manufactured, the oxygen-metal ratio O/M of the pellet is a very important technical index, and the oxygen-metal ratio is required to be between 1.96 and 1.99. Because the oxygen to metal ratio affects various thermophysical properties of the fuel pellet, including thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal diffusion, density, etc., it also has a significant impact on the interaction between the cladding and the pellet. An excessively high oxygen to metal ratio accelerates the oxygen diffusion rate at the contact point of the cladding and the pellet, accelerates corrosion of the cladding, and reduces the service time of the MOX assembly; an excessively low oxygen-metal ratio can cause the generation of a second phase in the MOX pellet, and the generation of the second phase can change the thermal properties such as the overall thermal conductivity, thermal diffusion and the like of the pellet, thereby affecting the in-stack service behavior. Thus, controlling the oxygen to metal ratio is a very critical operation in sintering MOX pellets.
Theoretically, the oxygen potential is expressed asThe formula R is a gas constant, T is a temperature, P O2 is an oxygen partial pressure, and at a certain temperature, the oxygen potential and the oxygen partial pressure have a definite relation, and a technician usually controls the O/M through the oxygen potential of the sintering atmosphere. The general technological method is to add a certain amount of water vapor or oxygen into the sintering atmosphere so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the oxygen potential of the atmosphere. Wherein the addition of oxygen necessitates complex calculations and makes it difficult to control the sintering process, since oxygen and hydrogen are reactive at high temperatures; at present, a method widely used by technicians in various countries is to add a certain amount of water gas into a hydrogen-argon mixed gas steel cylinder, but the water gas can corrode the gas steel cylinder, and only an aluminum alloy gas cylinder with higher manufacturing cost can be used. And the gas bottling pressure is far smaller than the dry gas (the dry gas is 10MPa, the moisture content of 800ppm can only be 4-5 MPa, and too high pressure can lead to the liquefaction of the moisture), so that the gas amount is correspondingly reduced and the requirement of mass production cannot be met. Meanwhile, the use temperature is strictly controlled, and the low temperature can liquefy the water vapor. Thus, there is a need to find a new device for controlling the oxygen potential of the sintering atmosphere.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the invention
According to the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the oxygen potential control device which is accurate in oxygen potential control, simple in structure and control process, high in economy and capable of meeting mass production.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device comprises a gas cylinder, a drying pipe, a flow valve, a bubbler, a thermometer, a pressure control device, a gas mixing tank, a moisture meter, a sintering furnace and a control cabinet, wherein the gas cylinder is internally provided with a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and an outlet of the gas cylinder is connected with the drying pipe through a connecting pipe so as to dry moisture in the hydrogen-argon mixed gas; the flow valves are divided into a first flow valve and a second flow valve; one end of the drying pipe, which is far away from the gas cylinder, is respectively connected with one end of the first flow valve and one end of the second flow valve through two connecting pipelines, wherein the other end of the first flow valve is connected with the inlet end of the gas mixing tank, and the other end of the second flow valve is connected with the bubbler;
The bubbler is of a sealing structure, the upper end of the bubbler is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with a second flow valve, and the other end of the air inlet pipe extends below the liquid level of pure water in the bubbler; the air outlet pipe is upwards arranged above the liquid level of the bubbler to the inlet end of the air mixing tank and is connected with the inlet end of the air mixing tank;
the outlet end of the gas mixing tank is connected with a moisture meter through a pipeline so as to accurately measure the moisture in the gas mixing tank, and the water is fed into a sintering furnace for pellet sintering when the moisture measurement meets the requirement; if the design requirement is not met, the water in the gas mixing tank is further controlled by adjusting the flow of the first flow valve and the second flow valve so as to realize the control of the sintering oxygen potential.
Preferably, the mixed oxide pellets are UO 2-PuO2、Gd2O3-UO2 or UO 2-CeO2 pellets.
Preferably, the drying tube is placed with anhydrous calcium chloride or calcium oxide.
Preferably, the bubbler is temperature controlled through a low temperature water tank.
Preferably, the pressure control device is arranged above the bubbler and is used for measuring the pressure in the bubbler, and the pressure control device comprises a pressure gauge with the accuracy of 1Pa.
Preferably, the sintering furnace is made of tungsten or molybdenum serving as a heating element made of metal materials so as to reduce corrosion of water vapor to the heating element.
Preferably, the first flow valve, the second flow valve and the moisture meter are controlled by a control cabinet.
Preferably, the flow control range of the first flow valve and the second flow valve should not be lower than 3000ml/min.
Preferably, the temperature in the bubbler is controlled to be at or below ambient temperature.
(III) beneficial effects
According to the oxygen potential control device provided by the invention, the first flow valve, the second flow valve and the bubbler are arranged, so that the water vapor generated by the bubbler is used for providing the water vapor for the gas mixing tank, and the technical scheme that the water vapor is directly added into the gas cylinder is not adopted in the prior art, so that the corrosion of the gas cylinder and the use of the aluminum alloy gas cylinder with higher manufacturing cost are avoided. Meanwhile, the problem of pressure reduction of the gas cylinder caused by the traditional technology is avoided, and the continuous production requirement can be met.
In addition, the device can preliminarily determine the gas proportion and the regulating method through the flow and the formula by reasonably designing the first flow valve and the second flow valve.
It is also important that the application designs a low-temperature water tank, thereby avoiding uncontrollable moisture content in the gas. The specific reason is that the low-temperature water tank is used for controlling the temperature of the bubbler, the saturated vapor pressure of water is positively related to the temperature, and the temperature of the water passing through the bubbler is lower than the ambient temperature, because if the temperature of the bubbler is higher than the ambient temperature, the temperature of water vapor is reduced after the water vapor comes out, the saturated vapor pressure is reduced, the water vapor is condensed, thereby affecting the control precision, and the problem is well solved by using the low-temperature water tank.
When the device is used for controlling the oxygen potential, the relation between the oxygen potential of the atmosphere and the water content V Water and its preparation method can be calculated first, the required water content is determined, the flow of the hydrogen-argon mixed gas flowing through the first flow valve is called V Dry for convenience in description, and the flow of the hydrogen-argon mixed gas flowing through the second flow valve is called V Wet state .
Firstly, determining a wet and dry gas flow ratio k according to a relation (1);
Where v Wet state is the moisture flow rate, i.e., the reading of the first flow valve; v Dry is the dry gas flow rate, i.e., the reading of the second flow valve; p 5 is the pressure within the bubbler, i.e., the reading of the pressure control device; p Saturation is the temperature T, the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature indicated by the thermometer (which can be found by a look-up table), and V Water and its preparation method is the desired atmospheric water content.
The set values of the dry and wet gas flow v Wet state 、ν Dry can then be determined based on the total flow v Total (S) ,ν Total (S) ＝ν Wet state +ν Dry required for the sintering gas.
And (3) obtaining the flow rates of the wet gas and the dry gas through the formula (2) and the formula (3), regulating the flow rates of the first flow valve and the second flow valve, then checking whether the flow rates are consistent with the water content displayed by the moisture meter, and if the flow rates are not consistent with the water content displayed by the moisture meter, regulating the opening degrees of the first flow valve and the second flow valve until the water content displayed by the moisture meter is consistent with the required V Water and its preparation method .
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device;
wherein 1 is a gas cylinder; 2 is a drying tube; 3 is a first flow valve; 4 is a second flow valve; 5 is a bubbler; 6 is a thermometer; 7 is a pressure control device; 8 is a gas mixing tank; 9 is a moisture meter; 10 is a sintering furnace; 11 is a control cabinet; reference numeral 12 denotes a low-temperature water tank.
Detailed Description
The application will be further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
The device comprises a gas cylinder 1, a drying pipe 2, a flow valve, a bubbler 5, a thermometer 6, a pressure control device 7, a gas mixing tank 8, a moisture meter 9, a sintering furnace 10 and a control cabinet 11, wherein the gas cylinder 1 is internally provided with hydrogen-argon mixed gas, an outlet of the gas cylinder 1 is connected with the drying pipe 2 through a connecting pipe so as to dry moisture in the hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and the drying pipe 2 is provided with anhydrous calcium chloride or calcium oxide. The sintering furnace 10 is made of tungsten or molybdenum as a heating element made of metal materials so as to reduce the corrosion of water vapor to the heating element.
The flow valves are divided into a first flow valve 3 and a second flow valve 4; one end of the drying pipe 2 far away from the gas cylinder 1 is respectively connected with one ends of a first flow valve 3 and a second flow valve 4 through two connecting pipelines, wherein the other end of the first flow valve 3 is connected with the inlet end of a gas mixing tank 8, and the other end of the second flow valve 4 is connected with a bubbler 5; the first flow valve 3, the second flow valve 4 and the moisture meter 9 are controlled by a control cabinet. The flow control range of the first flow valve 3 and the second flow valve 4 should not be lower than 3000ml/min.
The bubbler 5 has a sealed structure and is temperature-controlled by a low-temperature water tank 12. The upper end of the bubbler 5 is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, wherein one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with the second flow valve 4, and the other end of the air inlet pipe extends below the liquid level of pure water in the bubbler 5; the air outlet pipe is upwards arranged from the position above the liquid level of the bubbler 5 to the inlet end of the air mixing tank 8 and is connected with the inlet end of the air mixing tank 8; the temperature in the bubbler 5 is controlled to be at or below the ambient temperature.
The outlet end of the gas mixing tank 8 is connected with a moisture meter 9 through a pipeline so as to accurately measure the moisture in the gas mixing tank 8, and the moisture measured meets the requirement and enters a sintering furnace 10 for pellet sintering; if the design requirement is not met, the water in the gas mixing tank is further controlled by adjusting the flow of the first flow valve 3 and the second flow valve 4, so that the control of the sintering oxygen potential is realized.
The mixed oxide pellets are UO 2-PuO2、Gd2O3-UO2 or UO 2-CeO2 pellets.
The pressure control device is arranged above the bubbler 5 and is used for measuring the pressure in the bubbler 5, and the pressure control device 7 comprises a pressure gauge with the accuracy of 1Pa.
The device provided by the application can be used for adjusting the water content in the sintering atmosphere, further controlling the oxygen potential in the atmosphere, finally achieving the purpose of controlling the oxygen-metal ratio of the MOX pellet and meeting the requirement of mass production.
Claims (9)
1. The oxygen potential control device for the mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere is characterized by comprising a gas cylinder, a drying pipe, a flow valve, a bubbler, a thermometer, a pressure control device, a gas mixing tank, a moisture meter, a sintering furnace and a control cabinet, wherein the gas cylinder is internally provided with a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and an outlet of the gas cylinder is connected with the drying pipe through a connecting pipe so as to dry moisture in the hydrogen-argon mixed gas; the flow valves are divided into a first flow valve and a second flow valve; one end of the drying pipe, which is far away from the gas cylinder, is respectively connected with one end of the first flow valve and one end of the second flow valve through two connecting pipelines, wherein the other end of the first flow valve is connected with the inlet end of the gas mixing tank, and the other end of the second flow valve is connected with the bubbler;
The bubbler is of a sealing structure, the upper end of the bubbler is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe is connected with a second flow valve, and the other end of the air inlet pipe extends below the liquid level of pure water in the bubbler; the air outlet pipe is upwards arranged above the liquid level of the bubbler to the inlet end of the air mixing tank and is connected with the inlet end of the air mixing tank;
the outlet end of the gas mixing tank is connected with a moisture meter through a pipeline so as to accurately measure the moisture in the gas mixing tank, and the water is fed into a sintering furnace for pellet sintering when the moisture measurement meets the requirement; if the design requirement is not met, the water in the gas mixing tank is further controlled by adjusting the flow of the first flow valve and the second flow valve so as to realize the control of the sintering oxygen potential.
2. The mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device of claim 1, wherein the mixed oxide pellet is a UO 2-PuO2、Gd2O3-UO2 or UO 2-CeO2 pellet.
3. The mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device according to claim 1, wherein the drying pipe is placed with anhydrous calcium chloride or calcium oxide.
4. The mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device according to claim 1, wherein the bubbler is temperature-controlled through a low-temperature water tank.
5. The oxygen potential control device for the mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere according to claim 1, wherein the pressure control device is arranged above the bubbler and is used for measuring the pressure in the bubbler, and the pressure control device comprises a pressure gauge with the accuracy of 1Pa.
6. The oxygen potential control device for the mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere according to claim 1, wherein the sintering furnace is made of tungsten or molybdenum as a heating element of a metal material, so as to reduce corrosion of the heating element by water vapor.
7. The mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device of claim 1, wherein the first flow valve, the second flow valve and the moisture meter are controlled by a control cabinet.
8. The mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device according to claim 1, wherein the flow control range of the first flow valve and the second flow valve is not less than 3000ml/min.
9. The mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the bubbler is controlled to be at or below an ambient temperature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811292833.4A CN109300560B (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2018-11-01 | Mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811292833.4A CN109300560B (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2018-11-01 | Mixed oxide pellet sintering atmosphere oxygen potential control device |
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| CN109300560A CN109300560A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
| CN109300560B true CN109300560B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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| CN111001802A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-14 | 中核四0四有限公司 | MOX fuel pellet wet hydrogen sintering method |
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| CN109300560A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
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