CN113654760A - Steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident injection process experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents
Steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident injection process experimental device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident, wherein the device comprises a high-pressure supercooled water inlet, a lead-water reaction vessel, a visual window and an explosion blow-off valve; the visual windows are arranged on two sides of the reaction vessel, one side of the visual windows is used for observing the flow characteristics of vapor and liquid, and the other side of the visual windows is used for measuring an infrared temperature field; the blasting blow-off valve can realize blasting opening of the valve under given pressure; the method can be used for experimental research on the process of injecting high-pressure supercooled water into high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy in the event of rupture of the heat transfer pipe of the steam generator of the lead-bismuth reactor, and key two-phase parameters and models in the event are obtained, so that the method is beneficial to promoting the acceleration of the lead-bismuth reactor to realize industrialization, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lead-bismuth reactors, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident.
Background
The lead bismuth reactor mostly adopts a spiral tube type steam generator, and because of the corrosion characteristic of lead bismuth alloy, the heat transfer tube of the steam generator is easier to have rupture accidents. When a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident occurs, high-pressure supercooled secondary side water can be injected into a primary side high-temperature low-pressure lead bismuth coolant, flash evaporation and steam explosion occur in lead bismuth, steam generated by explosion forms pressure waves to diffuse outwards, chain rupture of other heat transfer pipes can be possibly caused, and a serious accident is caused.
The steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident phenomenon is complicated, and research is mainly focused on an experimental method at present, and less attention is paid to program simulation. In order to realize the fine modeling of the process, the interaction between each phase in a lead-water two-phase or lead-water-vapor three-phase system needs to be studied deeply, and due to the opacity and high melting point of the lead-bismuth alloy, a visual experiment is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental device and an experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident, which are used for the visual research of the injection process of injecting supercooled water into high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy in the process, acquiring key parameters in the accident process and establishing a related gas-liquid two-phase action mechanism model.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident injection process experimental device comprises a supercooled water inlet 1, an inlet pipeline 2, a blasting blow-off valve 4, a visual window 5, a reaction vessel 6 and a reaction vessel outlet 7; the inlet pipeline 2 penetrates through the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6, the lower end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the supercooled water inlet 1, the upper end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the blasting blow-off valve 4, and the inlet pipeline 2 and the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6 are integrally processed; the supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with an external high-pressure supercooled water source; the visual window 5 comprises two pieces of glass which are respectively arranged at two sides of the reaction vessel 6 and are compressed and sealed with the reaction vessel through a sealing flange 3, and a high-speed camera 503 and an infrared thermometer 504 which are respectively arranged at the same height outside the two pieces of glass are respectively used for gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristic observation and temperature field measurement in the experiment process; or the visual window 5 comprises a piece of glass, is arranged on one side of the reaction vessel 6, and measures the temperature field by arranging a thermocouple on the back plate of the reaction vessel; and electric tracing heat is uniformly distributed in the area outside the visible window outside the reaction vessel 6 and is used as a heat source for melting the lead-bismuth alloy.
The reaction container 6 is made of anti-corrosion austenitic stainless steel, is in a sliced shape, and is convenient for observing the flow characteristics of the lead and the water.
The visual window 5 comprises a piece of round special glass 501 and a piece of round germanium glass 502, a high-speed camera 503 is arranged at the same height outside the special glass 501 and used for observing the gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in the experiment process, and an infrared thermometer 504 is arranged at the same height outside the germanium glass 502 and used for measuring the temperature field in the experiment process.
The special glass 501 is made of a heat-resistant pressure-bearing material (such as high borosilicate glass).
The 4 bodies of blasting blow-off valve are brass, and valve body 402 is connected with inlet pipe 2 through screw thread 401, adopts the high accuracy lathe to draw on the valve body top face and has the mar 403 that the degree of depth is different, can realize the blasting of valve under the different upstream pressure and open through control mar degree of depth.
An experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident is characterized in that after a supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with a high-pressure supercooled water source, firstly, the water source is started to inject supercooled water, so that cold water is filled in an inlet pipeline 2 and is in contact with a blasting blow-off valve 4, then, the pressure is gradually increased to an experimental design pressure, the blasting blow-off valve 4 is broken, and an experiment is started; measuring the flow characteristics of steam-water phases in the experimental section by a high-speed camera, and measuring the temperature field distribution in the experimental section by an infrared thermometer; after the experiment is finished, steam in the experimental device is discharged through the outlet 7 of the reaction container, and the residual lead-bismuth alloy in the reaction container 6 is cooled for the next use.
The method can be used for experimental research on the process of injecting high-pressure supercooled water into high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy in the cracking accident of the heat transfer pipe of the steam generator of the lead-bismuth reactor, and key two-phase parameters and models in the accident are obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the burst disk valve 4.
Fig. 4 is an extended embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1 was carried out:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the experimental device for the steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident injection process comprises a supercooled water inlet 1, an inlet pipeline 2, a blasting blow-off valve 4, a visualization window 5, a reaction vessel 6 and a reaction vessel outlet 7; the inlet pipeline 2 penetrates through the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6, the lower end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the supercooled water inlet 1, the upper end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the blasting blow-off valve 4, and the inlet pipeline 2 and the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6 are integrally processed; the supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with an external high-pressure supercooled water source; the visual window 5 comprises two pieces of glass which are respectively arranged at two sides of the reaction vessel 6 and are compressed and sealed with the reaction vessel through a sealing flange 3, and a high-speed camera 503 and an infrared thermometer 504 which are respectively arranged at the same height outside the two pieces of glass are respectively used for gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristic observation and temperature field measurement in the experiment process; and electric tracing heat is uniformly distributed in the area outside the visible window outside the reaction vessel 6 and is used as a heat source for melting the lead-bismuth alloy.
In this example, the reaction vessel 6 is made of corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel and is in the shape of a sliced piece, so that the flow characteristics of the lead and water phases can be observed conveniently.
The visual window 5 comprises a piece of round special glass 501 (high borosilicate glass) and a piece of round germanium glass 502, a high-speed camera 503 is arranged at the same height outside the special glass 501 and used for observing the gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in the experiment process, and an infrared thermometer 504 is arranged at the same height outside the germanium glass 502 and used for measuring the temperature field in the experiment process.
In this example, the reaction vessel 6 is made of 316L stainless steel, has dimensions of 400mm by 500mm by 10mm and a diameter of the visualization window of 300mm, and is mounted at a height of 200mm from the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6. The special glass used in this example can withstand a pressure of 3MPa and a temperature of 300 ℃.
As shown in fig. 3, the body of the blasting blow-off valve 4 is made of brass, the valve body 402 is connected with the inlet pipeline 2 through threads 401, scratches 403 with different depths are scribed on the top surface of the valve body by a high-precision lathe, and blasting opening of the valve under different upstream pressures can be realized by controlling the depths of the scratches.
An experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident is characterized in that after a supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with a high-pressure supercooled water source, firstly, the water source is started to inject supercooled water, so that cold water is filled in an inlet pipeline 2 and is in contact with a blasting blow-off valve 4, then, the pressure is gradually increased to an experimental design pressure, the blasting blow-off valve 4 is broken, and an experiment is started; measuring the flow characteristics of steam-water phases in the experimental section by a high-speed camera, and measuring the temperature field distribution in the experimental section by an infrared thermometer; after the experiment is finished, steam in the experimental device is discharged through the outlet 7 of the reaction container, and the residual lead-bismuth alloy in the reaction container 6 is cooled for the next use.
In the example, the thickness of the top of the blasting blow-off valve 4 is 3mm, and through multiple experimental tests, the scratch depths of 2.4mm, 1.7mm and 1.2mm can respectively realize blasting opening under the upstream pressures of 1MPa, 2MPa and 3 MPa.
Example 2 was carried out:
as shown in fig. 4, because germanium glass is expensive and has low pressure bearing, it is vulnerable in the experiment, and for the economic consideration of the experiment, the invention provides an extended embodiment, i.e. germanium glass and infrared temperature field measurement are eliminated, and the temperature field measurement is performed by arranging a thermocouple on the back plate of the reaction vessel. Because the reaction vessel of the invention adopts a slice type design, the distance between the front and the back of the reaction vessel 6 is very small, so the temperature change in the transverse direction is small, the temperature of the thermocouple arranged on the back plate of the reaction vessel can be regarded as the fluid temperature, and meanwhile, the thermocouple arranged on the back plate of the reaction vessel can reduce the disturbance to the flow. The rest of the arrangement is the same as in embodiment example 1.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention only and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, and variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments, within the true spirit and scope of the invention, should be considered as within the scope of the claims of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. Steam generator heat-transfer pipe rupture accident injection process experimental apparatus, its characterized in that: comprises a supercooled water inlet (1), an inlet pipeline (2), a blasting blow-off valve (4), a visual window (5), a reaction vessel (6) and a reaction vessel outlet (7); the inlet pipeline (2) penetrates through the bottom surface of the reaction vessel (6), the lower end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the supercooled water inlet (1), the upper end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the blasting blow-off valve (4), and the inlet pipeline (2) and the bottom surface of the reaction vessel (6) are integrally processed; the supercooled water inlet (1) is connected with an external high-pressure supercooled water source; the visual window (5) comprises two pieces of glass, the two pieces of glass are respectively arranged on two sides of the reaction vessel (6) and are compressed and sealed with the reaction vessel through a sealing flange (3), and a high-speed camera (503) and an infrared thermometer (504) are respectively arranged at the same height outside the two pieces of glass and are respectively used for gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristic observation and temperature field measurement in the experiment process; or the visual window (5) comprises a piece of glass, is arranged on one side of the reaction vessel (6), and measures the temperature field by arranging a thermocouple on the back plate of the reaction vessel; electric tracing heat is uniformly distributed in the area outside the visible window outside the reaction vessel (6) and is used as a heat source for melting the lead-bismuth alloy.
2. The steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident injection process experimental device of claim 1, wherein: the reaction container (6) is made of anti-corrosion austenitic stainless steel, is in a slice shape, and is convenient for observing the flow characteristics of the lead and water phases.
3. The steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident injection process experimental device of claim 1, wherein: the visual window (5) comprises a piece of round special glass (501) and a piece of round germanium glass (502), the high-speed camera (503) is arranged at the same height outside the special glass (501), and the infrared thermometer (504) is arranged at the same height outside the germanium glass (502).
4. The steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident injection process experimental device of claim 3, wherein: the special glass (501) is made of heat-resistant pressure-bearing glass material.
5. The steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident injection process experimental device of claim 1, wherein: the body of the blasting blow-off valve (4) is made of brass, the valve body (402) is connected with the inlet pipeline (2) through threads (401), scratches (403) with different depths are scribed on the top surface of the valve body by a high-precision lathe, and the blasting opening of the valve under different upstream pressures is realized by controlling the depths of the scratches.
6. The experimental method for the steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident injection process experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: after the supercooled water inlet (1) is connected with a high-pressure supercooled water source, firstly, the water source is started to inject supercooled water, so that the inlet pipeline (2) is filled with cold water and is in contact with the blasting blow-off valve (4), then, the pressure is gradually increased to the experimental design pressure, the blasting blow-off valve (4) is broken, and the experiment is started; measuring the flow characteristics of steam-water phases in the experimental section by a high-speed camera (503), and measuring the temperature field distribution in the experimental section by an infrared thermometer (504); after the experiment is finished, discharging steam in the experimental device through the outlet (7) of the reaction container, and cooling the residual lead-bismuth alloy in the reaction container (6) for next use.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114974627A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 西北核技术研究所 | Experimental system and method for measuring submergence depth of water vapor in lead-bismuth alloy |
| CN115132385A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-30 | 西安交通大学 | Experimental system and method for interaction of molten lead-based reactor core and coolant |
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| CN110553974A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for testing ultrahigh-temperature corrosion of structural material under severe accident of nuclear reactor |
| CN111276268A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-12 | 西安交通大学 | Experimental device and method for researching thermal hydraulic characteristics of lead-based stack evaporator heat transfer pipe rupture accident |
| CN111781075A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-16 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for mechanical impact and vapor bubble migration experiment of lead-based stack evaporator heat transfer pipe fracture |
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- 2021-08-27 CN CN202110992355.3A patent/CN113654760A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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| CN108597625A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of experimental provision for studying fusant migratory behaviour in lead base reactor cluster channel |
| CN110553974A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-12-10 | 西安交通大学 | System and method for testing ultrahigh-temperature corrosion of structural material under severe accident of nuclear reactor |
| CN111276268A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-12 | 西安交通大学 | Experimental device and method for researching thermal hydraulic characteristics of lead-based stack evaporator heat transfer pipe rupture accident |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114974627A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-08-30 | 西北核技术研究所 | Experimental system and method for measuring submergence depth of water vapor in lead-bismuth alloy |
| CN115132385A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-09-30 | 西安交通大学 | Experimental system and method for interaction of molten lead-based reactor core and coolant |
| CN115132385B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-08-22 | 西安交通大学 | Experimental system and method for interaction of lead-based reactor core melt and coolant |
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Application publication date: 20211116 |