Steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident injection process experimental device and experimental method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lead-bismuth reactors, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident.
Background
The lead bismuth reactor mostly adopts a spiral tube type steam generator, and because of the corrosion characteristic of lead bismuth alloy, the heat transfer tube of the steam generator is easier to have rupture accidents. When a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident occurs, high-pressure supercooled secondary side water can be injected into a primary side high-temperature low-pressure lead bismuth coolant, flash evaporation and steam explosion occur in lead bismuth, steam generated by explosion forms pressure waves to diffuse outwards, chain rupture of other heat transfer pipes can be possibly caused, and a serious accident is caused.
The steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident phenomenon is complicated, and research is mainly focused on an experimental method at present, and less attention is paid to program simulation. In order to realize the fine modeling of the process, the interaction between each phase in a lead-water two-phase or lead-water-vapor three-phase system needs to be studied deeply, and due to the opacity and high melting point of the lead-bismuth alloy, a visual experiment is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an experimental device and an experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident, which are used for the visual research of the injection process of injecting supercooled water into high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy in the process, acquiring key parameters in the accident process and establishing a related gas-liquid two-phase action mechanism model.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident injection process experimental device comprises a supercooled water inlet 1, an inlet pipeline 2, a blasting blow-off valve 4, a visual window 5, a reaction vessel 6 and a reaction vessel outlet 7; the inlet pipeline 2 penetrates through the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6, the lower end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the supercooled water inlet 1, the upper end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the blasting blow-off valve 4, and the inlet pipeline 2 and the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6 are integrally processed; the supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with an external high-pressure supercooled water source; the visual window 5 comprises two pieces of glass which are respectively arranged at two sides of the reaction vessel 6 and are compressed and sealed with the reaction vessel through a sealing flange 3, and a high-speed camera 503 and an infrared thermometer 504 which are respectively arranged at the same height outside the two pieces of glass are respectively used for gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristic observation and temperature field measurement in the experiment process; or the visual window 5 comprises a piece of glass, is arranged on one side of the reaction vessel 6, and measures the temperature field by arranging a thermocouple on the back plate of the reaction vessel; and electric tracing heat is uniformly distributed in the area outside the visible window outside the reaction vessel 6 and is used as a heat source for melting the lead-bismuth alloy.
The reaction container 6 is made of anti-corrosion austenitic stainless steel, is in a sliced shape, and is convenient for observing the flow characteristics of the lead and the water.
The visual window 5 comprises a piece of round special glass 501 and a piece of round germanium glass 502, a high-speed camera 503 is arranged at the same height outside the special glass 501 and used for observing the gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in the experiment process, and an infrared thermometer 504 is arranged at the same height outside the germanium glass 502 and used for measuring the temperature field in the experiment process.
The special glass 501 is made of a heat-resistant pressure-bearing material (such as high borosilicate glass).
The 4 bodies of blasting blow-off valve are brass, and valve body 402 is connected with inlet pipe 2 through screw thread 401, adopts the high accuracy lathe to draw on the valve body top face and has the mar 403 that the degree of depth is different, can realize the blasting of valve under the different upstream pressure and open through control mar degree of depth.
An experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident is characterized in that after a supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with a high-pressure supercooled water source, firstly, the water source is started to inject supercooled water, so that cold water is filled in an inlet pipeline 2 and is in contact with a blasting blow-off valve 4, then, the pressure is gradually increased to an experimental design pressure, the blasting blow-off valve 4 is broken, and an experiment is started; measuring the flow characteristics of steam-water phases in the experimental section by a high-speed camera, and measuring the temperature field distribution in the experimental section by an infrared thermometer; after the experiment is finished, steam in the experimental device is discharged through the outlet 7 of the reaction container, and the residual lead-bismuth alloy in the reaction container 6 is cooled for the next use.
The method can be used for experimental research on the process of injecting high-pressure supercooled water into high-temperature lead-bismuth alloy in the cracking accident of the heat transfer pipe of the steam generator of the lead-bismuth reactor, and key two-phase parameters and models in the accident are obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the burst disk valve 4.
Fig. 4 is an extended embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1 was carried out:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the experimental device for the steam generator heat transfer tube rupture accident injection process comprises a supercooled water inlet 1, an inlet pipeline 2, a blasting blow-off valve 4, a visualization window 5, a reaction vessel 6 and a reaction vessel outlet 7; the inlet pipeline 2 penetrates through the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6, the lower end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the supercooled water inlet 1, the upper end of the inlet pipeline is connected with the blasting blow-off valve 4, and the inlet pipeline 2 and the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6 are integrally processed; the supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with an external high-pressure supercooled water source; the visual window 5 comprises two pieces of glass which are respectively arranged at two sides of the reaction vessel 6 and are compressed and sealed with the reaction vessel through a sealing flange 3, and a high-speed camera 503 and an infrared thermometer 504 which are respectively arranged at the same height outside the two pieces of glass are respectively used for gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristic observation and temperature field measurement in the experiment process; and electric tracing heat is uniformly distributed in the area outside the visible window outside the reaction vessel 6 and is used as a heat source for melting the lead-bismuth alloy.
In this example, the reaction vessel 6 is made of corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel and is in the shape of a sliced piece, so that the flow characteristics of the lead and water phases can be observed conveniently.
The visual window 5 comprises a piece of round special glass 501 (high borosilicate glass) and a piece of round germanium glass 502, a high-speed camera 503 is arranged at the same height outside the special glass 501 and used for observing the gas-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in the experiment process, and an infrared thermometer 504 is arranged at the same height outside the germanium glass 502 and used for measuring the temperature field in the experiment process.
In this example, the reaction vessel 6 is made of 316L stainless steel, has dimensions of 400mm by 500mm by 10mm and a diameter of the visualization window of 300mm, and is mounted at a height of 200mm from the bottom surface of the reaction vessel 6. The special glass used in this example can withstand a pressure of 3MPa and a temperature of 300 ℃.
As shown in fig. 3, the body of the blasting blow-off valve 4 is made of brass, the valve body 402 is connected with the inlet pipeline 2 through threads 401, scratches 403 with different depths are scribed on the top surface of the valve body by a high-precision lathe, and blasting opening of the valve under different upstream pressures can be realized by controlling the depths of the scratches.
An experimental method for an injection process of a steam generator heat transfer pipe rupture accident is characterized in that after a supercooled water inlet 1 is connected with a high-pressure supercooled water source, firstly, the water source is started to inject supercooled water, so that cold water is filled in an inlet pipeline 2 and is in contact with a blasting blow-off valve 4, then, the pressure is gradually increased to an experimental design pressure, the blasting blow-off valve 4 is broken, and an experiment is started; measuring the flow characteristics of steam-water phases in the experimental section by a high-speed camera, and measuring the temperature field distribution in the experimental section by an infrared thermometer; after the experiment is finished, steam in the experimental device is discharged through the outlet 7 of the reaction container, and the residual lead-bismuth alloy in the reaction container 6 is cooled for the next use.
In the example, the thickness of the top of the blasting blow-off valve 4 is 3mm, and through multiple experimental tests, the scratch depths of 2.4mm, 1.7mm and 1.2mm can respectively realize blasting opening under the upstream pressures of 1MPa, 2MPa and 3 MPa.
Example 2 was carried out:
as shown in fig. 4, because germanium glass is expensive and has low pressure bearing, it is vulnerable in the experiment, and for the economic consideration of the experiment, the invention provides an extended embodiment, i.e. germanium glass and infrared temperature field measurement are eliminated, and the temperature field measurement is performed by arranging a thermocouple on the back plate of the reaction vessel. Because the reaction vessel of the invention adopts a slice type design, the distance between the front and the back of the reaction vessel 6 is very small, so the temperature change in the transverse direction is small, the temperature of the thermocouple arranged on the back plate of the reaction vessel can be regarded as the fluid temperature, and meanwhile, the thermocouple arranged on the back plate of the reaction vessel can reduce the disturbance to the flow. The rest of the arrangement is the same as in embodiment example 1.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention only and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, and variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments, within the true spirit and scope of the invention, should be considered as within the scope of the claims of the present invention to those skilled in the art.