CN114965379A - SPR-based automatic indoor environment monitoring and regulating system - Google Patents
SPR-based automatic indoor environment monitoring and regulating system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an SPR-based indoor environment automatic monitoring and regulating system, which is characterized in that: the device consists of a wide spectrum light source 1, a 1: N optical splitter 2, an optical fiber SPR sensor 3, a high-resolution spectrum analyzer 4 and a computer processing system 5. The broadband light source generates an SPR phenomenon near the metal film of the optical fiber SPR sensor 3, and multivariable automatic monitoring and control of the indoor environment are realized through cascade connection. The invention has simple preparation and low cost, improves a simple scheme for the future smart city, and can be widely applied to sensing monitoring and other directions.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a cascade distributed optical fiber SPR sensor which can simultaneously monitor the temperature and the humidity in the environment in real time and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing.
(II) background of the invention
The optical fiber sensor essentially uses an optical signal as a signal medium of a measured object, and uses an optical fiber optical path as a carrier for optical signal transmission. When external environment parameters such as temperature, pressure, magnetic field, refractive index and the like interact with the optical fiber in the sensor or the modulator connected to the optical fiber to be converted into optical signals which can be measured, the information of the measured parameters can be obtained by measuring the change of the optical properties of the optical signals transmitted in the optical fiber, such as light intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, polarization state and the like, so that the external environment parameters can be sensed.
The optical fiber sensor has a disadvantage in that an output signal is affected by long-distance transmission loss, fluctuation of a light source, aging of a detector and the like, and the defects cause reduction in stability and sensitivity of the sensor. Therefore, in competition for numerous fields of application, fiber optic sensors need to clearly demonstrate their superiority over other mature technologies and to provide products in the form of complete systems.
The most defect of the optical fiber sensor is that most products are still in the laboratory stage at present, and due to the limitation of factors such as technical conditions, manufacturing cost and the like, the optical fiber sensor cannot be put into large-scale commercial use in actual life compared with other more mature technologies.
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is a Surface Plasmon Wave (SPW) generated by using evanescent waves generated when incident light is totally reflected at an interface between a medium and a metal, wherein the two media have different dielectric properties, to induce free electrons on the Surface of the metal to oscillate, and when the evanescent waves and the SPW are matched with each other, the two waves resonate, and the total reflection is destroyed, so that light with a specific wavelength is absorbed by the free electrons, which causes a sharp reduction in energy, and is reflected as a Resonance valley on a Resonance spectrogram. When the refractive index of the gold film surface substance or the SPR resonance excitation angle is changed, the resonance valley can drift, and the drift amount of the resonance valley corresponds to the change of the measured parameter one by one, so that the measurement of the parameter to be measured can be realized.
The research directions of the fiber-optic sensor based on plasma resonance are many, wherein high integration, multivariate detection and high sensitivity are important development directions of the development of the SPR sensor. The high-integration high-sensitivity multivariable sensor can detect multiple parameters in real time, improves the detection efficiency and precision, reduces the detection cost and provides possibility for the use of the SPR sensor in actual life.
The invention provides a possibility for combining the optical fiber sensor with the smart city. By smart city is meant a city that uses technical frameworks and information to improve city management and encourage economic growth. In a smart city, a network of sensors, cameras, wireless devices, data centers form a key infrastructure, and various communication tools interact with the network of connected objects, which can transmit, receive, and analyze data about current conditions and events in a timely manner, enabling citizens to provide basic services in a faster, more efficient manner.
In a smart city, a sensor becomes the core of an intelligent infrastructure, is a ubiquitous component hidden in a city landscape, and is an important component of any intelligent control system. The progress of digitization and internet of things is pushing the large-scale adoption of sensor technologies among cities, and combining with the support of key technologies such as artificial intelligence and 5G high-speed networks, the sensor network established by the sensor network integrated in the cities can enable multiple connected applications, such as environmental monitoring, public safety, and is helpful for reducing repeated capital cost, and multiple independent complex networks are not needed, so as to realize the optimal utilization of public resources.
In summary, the development of a multi-channel-based multivariate detection sensor is an important research direction of the current optical fiber SPR sensor.
The Chinese patent invention 'an optical fiber temperature sensor and a preparation method thereof' of patent application No. 20211024569. X provides a single-channel optical fiber SPR sensor, which can only sense a single parameter of ambient temperature, has low working efficiency and higher manufacturing cost compared with double-channel sensing.
The Chinese patent of patent application No. 202011452594.1, "a two-channel plastic optical fiber SPR sensor and a preparation method thereof", provides a double-sided side-polishing type two-channel SPR sensor, and the Chinese patent of patent application No. 202110075616.5, "an optical fiber sensor for simultaneously measuring refractive index and temperature and a preparation method thereof", provides a tapered optical fiber two-channel sensor, which can simultaneously detect refractive index and temperature but cannot detect the humidity in the environment.
The document "Cheng T, Li B, Zhang F, et al.A Surface plasma resource Optical Fiber Sensor for simulation of Relative Humidity Measurement of Relative Humidity and temperature. IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL.2022; 3246-3253 "discloses a cascaded two-channel sensor for detecting relative humidity and temperature. However, the structure adopts multimode and coreless optical fibers, so that the manufacturing cost is higher, and the large-scale production is not easy.
The documents "Wang J-K, Ying Y, Hu N, Cheng S-Y. double D-shaped optical fiber temperature and humidity sensor based on ethanol and polyvinyl alcohol. OptiK.2021; 242 "proposes a double D-shaped optical fiber structure sensor for detecting temperature and humidity, which is more complicated to manufacture and has lower temperature sensitivity than a cascade structure.
To sum up, multichannel detects is present optical fiber sensor's important development direction, and multichannel optical fiber sensor can detect the multiunit parameter in the environment simultaneously, compares in single channel optical fiber sensor, and its integrated level is high, and the cost of manufacture is lower, for optical fiber sensor's large-scale production manufacturing provides probably, through with house equipment like equipment interconnection such as air conditioner, humidifier, air purifier, in time regulate and control indoor environment. And by combining key technologies such as artificial intelligence, a 5G network and big data, a larger development space is provided.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide an optical fiber SPR sensor which is simple to prepare, low in cost and capable of monitoring the ambient temperature and humidity simultaneously.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
an indoor environment automatic monitoring and regulation and control system based on SPR is characterized in that: the device consists of a wide spectrum light source 1, a 1: N optical splitter 2, an optical fiber SPR sensor 3, a high-resolution spectrum analyzer 4 and a computer processing system 5. The optical fiber SPR sensor 3 is composed of two sensing areas 301 and 302, wherein the area 301 is provided with a metal coating film and a sensitization film and a PDMS polymer for detecting the temperature of indoor environment, and the area 302 is provided with a metal coating film and a sensitization film and a PVA polymer film for detecting indoor humidity. Light emitted from the broadband light source 1 passes through 1: the N optical splitter 2 forms evanescent fields in two areas of the optical fiber SPR sensor 3 and enters a metal film, and interacts with free electrons in the metal film to excite surface plasma waves transmitted on the surface of the metal film to enter the sensitization film layer, when the external environment interacts with the films in two different areas, according to the plasma resonance mechanism, energy of a specific wavelength is absorbed, the transmitted spectrum is received by the high-resolution spectrum analyzer 4, because the two sensing areas have different sensitivities to the temperature and the humidity, resonance peaks in two different wavelength ranges are generated, the resonance wavelengths are judged and processed by a computer analysis system 5, the temperature and the humidity are monitored, and after data results are analyzed, thereby combine artificial intelligence and big data processing technique and domestic air conditioner, air purifier, humidifier equipment interconnection to regulate and control the indoor environment.
The optical fiber SPR sensing of the system is based on a wavelength modulation method, namely, the change of the refractive index of the external environment is detected by keeping the incident angle of light unchanged and detecting the change of the resonance wavelength. When resonance occurs, light of a particular wavelength is absorbed by free electrons, causing a sharp drop in energy, which is reflected as a resonance valley in the resonance spectrum. The characteristic parameters of the resonance peak are not only related to the type and thickness of the metal film, but also related to the parameters of the optical fiber and the size of the refractive index of the external environment. When the parameters are changed, the resonance valley can drift, and the drift amount of the resonance valley corresponds to the change of the measured parameters one by one, so that the measured parameters can be measured.
It can be known from theory that k sp And k z The formula of (a):
from the above formula, the transmittance of the fiber SPR is related to the refractive index of the external environment, the dielectric constant of the metal layer and the thickness of the metal film layer, which is the basis for further optimizing the performance.
In the selection of the optical fiber used in the sensor, the optical fiber used in the sensor of the present invention is not limited to a specific optical fiber, and may be not only a quartz single mode optical fiber or a plastic optical fiber but also a micro-structured optical fiber, etc. Wherein the relative refractive index range of the fiber core and the cladding of the single-mode fiber is 0.005-0.01, and the numerical aperture is 0.12-0.2. The relative refractive index range of the core and the cladding of the microstructure optical fiber is 0.5-0.8, and the numerical aperture is 0.08-0.35.
After the form of the optical fiber is determined, it can be known from theory that the SPR effect mainly utilizes the evanescent field in the optical fiber propagation, in order to increase the evanescent field, we use the optical fiber with the cladding removed, and the form of this special optical fiber can be single D-type optical fiber, double-side polished D-type optical fiber, or circular optical fiber with part of the cladding removed, and different optical fibers are selected, the resonance wavelength generated by these optical fibers will be different, and the appropriate optical fiber is selected according to the different required wavelengths.
Because the length of evanescent waves is only about 100nm, when an SPR phenomenon is generated, the residual thickness of the optical fiber cladding affects the electric field intensity of a sensing area, simulation data of Comsol software are combined, finally, the residual thickness of the optical fiber cladding is selected to be polished to 0-2um, the proper residual thickness is selected according to different optical fiber types, and under the thickness, a metal film and a sensitizing material are plated, so that the resonance peak effect of a generated SPR spectrum is better.
The thickness of the metal film layer to be plated is 20nm-50nm, the resonance wavelength in the interval can change along with the change of the thickness of the plated film layer, and the appropriate metal film material and thickness are correspondingly selected for achieving the purpose of distinguishing the resonance wavelength.
The sensitivity of the sensor is kept high while the resonance wavelengths of the two sensing areas are separated, so that the sensitivity of the sensor can be improved by selecting metal oxides, two-dimensional materials represented by graphene, transition metal sulfides and the like as the sensitization films plated on the sensing areas 301 and 302.
Wherein the two-dimensional material can be MoS 2 Or graphene, MoS 2 The number of the platable layers is 1-3, the thickness is 0.65-1.95nm, the number of the platable layers of the graphene is 1-3, and the thickness is 0.34-1.02 nm. The metal oxide may be TiO 2 Or ZnO, etc., with a thickness of 10-30 nm.
PDMS polymer is coated on the surface of the sensing area 301 for detecting the temperature of the indoor environment, and PVA polymer film is coated on the area 302 for detecting the indoor humidity. The temperature and the humidity can be detected simultaneously by double-channel sensing, the temperature detection range is 0-40 ℃, the sensitivity is 5-7 nm/DEG C, the humidity detection is 30-70% RH, and the sensitivity is 5-8 nm/% RH.
From the transmission equation:
where λ is the wavelength, Im (n) eff ) L is the effective imaginary refractive index and the sensing length. The transmittance range of the transmission peak is 0-0.5 according to the formula, and the half-peak width is controlled to be 10-40 nm.
From the fiber loss equation:
where λ is the wavelength, Im (n) eff ) The effective refractive index imaginary part is obtained, and the loss range of the sensor is 500-900 dB/cm according to the formula.
The system is not limited to the cascade form of distributed optical fibers, and can also adopt a parallel distribution form. Through the connection of the four-core optical fibers of the coupler, wide-spectrum light is injected into the four-core optical fibers through the coupler, each fiber core of the four-core optical fibers can construct an independent SPR sensing unit, and crosstalk does not exist between the SPR sensing unit and other channels, so that parallel sensing of a plurality of integrated SPR sensors is realized. The parallel sensor has the characteristics of realization of simultaneous measurement of multiple channels, high sensitivity, simple preparation and high integration level.
The theoretical design part of the patent is described above, and for experimental preparation, the theoretical design part mainly comprises a de-cladding process, a coating process and a packaging process, and the theoretical design part is briefly summarized as follows:
the key to the fiber polishing technique is polishing the fiber without introducing excessive loss and non-destructive evaluation of the residual thickness. The invention adopts a wheel type polishing and grinding technology, utilizes an optical fiber wheel type side polishing and grinding system to fix an optical fiber through an optical fiber clamp at the tail end of a pulley support so as to keep the position of the optical fiber unchanged in the polishing and grinding process, and adds a weight of 20g between two supports to reduce the vibration of the optical fiber in the polishing and grinding process and improve the polishing and grinding efficiency. The control box moves the grinding wheel to a proper polishing position to polish and grind the optical fiber by controlling the three-dimensional moving platform, so that the polishing and grinding depth can be flexibly controlled. Different abrasive papers are replaced in different stages in the polishing and grinding process, namely rough polishing, fine polishing and fine polishing. The polished surface is polished smoothly after complete operation, so that the power loss of the fiber core caused by surface dispersion is greatly reduced, and the light energy is transmitted forwards in a total reflection mode in the polished area.
The invention utilizes magnetron sputtering vacuum coating equipment to coat a film, the substrate of the equipment is a circular clamping groove which can rotate 360 degrees in the horizontal direction, a removable small disc is placed on the clamping groove, and a clamp for coating the optical fiber can be placed on the disc and then fixed on the clamping groove. The manufactured and cleaned polished optical fiber sample is fixed on the clamping groove, the polished surface of the optical fiber faces upwards, and the optical fiber is required to rotate at the same constant speed while rotating the disk of the optical fiber coating clamp at the constant speed, so that the optical fiber is ensured to be coated uniformly. Setting the vacuum environment pressure of the deposition environment at 4.5 x 10 -6 The deposition rate of the invention is about 0.2nm/s under Torr, and when the optical fiber is coated, the deposition time is set according to the required film thickness under the same coating condition, thereby controlling the coating thickness.
The two-dimensional material has excellent physical properties of high mechanical strength, good conductivity, good biocompatibility and the like, and has quite high soundStrain rate, high electron mobility, excellent absorption and emission characteristics, and the like. The two-dimensional material can be applied to research in various fields, and particularly shows great advantages in improving the sensitivity of the SPR sensor. According to different characteristics of each two-dimensional material, the two-dimensional material with high electron mobility, topological protection state, adjustable energy band structure and higher thermal conductivity, such as graphene and MOS, can be selected 2 Etc., the appropriate two-dimensional material may be arbitrarily selected depending on the context in which the sensor is to be used.
After the system completes detection on external environment parameters, the system can be interconnected with environment regulation and control equipment, such as: air conditioner, air purifier, humidifier etc. can regulate and control the environment again when monitoring environmental data. And by combining key technologies such as artificial intelligence, a 5G network and big data, a larger development space is provided.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention can simultaneously detect the ambient temperature of 0-40 ℃ and the humidity of 30-70% RH through distributed sensing, and can be interconnected with other devices such as air conditioners, humidifiers, air purifiers and the like, thereby achieving the purpose of monitoring the environmental parameters and regulating and controlling the environment. Compared with a single-channel sensor, the sensor has the advantages of high detection efficiency, easiness in integration and low manufacturing cost, is suitable for large-scale production and manufacturing, and has important significance on the development of a multi-channel SPR optical fiber sensor.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is an SPR-based automatic indoor environment monitoring and control system, which is characterized in that: the device consists of a wide spectrum light source 1, a 1: N optical splitter 2, an optical fiber SPR sensor 3, a high-resolution spectrum analyzer 4 and a computer processing system 5.
FIG. 2 is a coating diagram of a round polished optical fiber, which is characterized in that: the optical fiber core comprises a fiber core 1, a cladding 2, a metal film 3 and a sensitivity-increasing film 4.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the sensing change at 10 ℃ and ambient humidity of 30% RH to 70% RH, where line 1 is 30% RH humidity sensing, line 2 is 50% RH humidity sensing, and line 3 is 70% RH humidity sensing.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the sensing change at humidity 50% RH and ambient temperature 0 ℃ -40 ℃, line 1 is 40 ℃ temperature sensing, line 2 is 20 ℃ temperature sensing, and line 3 is 0 ℃ temperature sensing.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Fig. 1 shows an example diagram of a distributed fiber sensor based on the SPR principle. The system consists of a wide spectrum light source 1, a 1: N optical splitter 2, an optical fiber SPR sensor 3, a high-resolution spectrum analyzer 4 and a computer processing system 5. In the optical fiber SPR sensor 3, a 301 area is additionally coated with an Au film, an Ag film and a PDMS film for detecting the temperature of indoor environment, and a 302 area is additionally coated with the Au film and the TiO film 2 And a PVA polymer film for detecting indoor environmental humidity. The system is characterized in that a wide-spectrum light source 1 is input into an optical fiber SPR sensor 3 through a light splitter 2, an evanescent field is formed in a side polishing area of the sensor and enters a metal film, and the evanescent field interacts with free electrons in the metal film to excite surface plasma waves transmitted from the surface of the metal film. The resonant wavelengths of different sensors can be distinguished due to the variation of the external environment parameters, and the resonant wavelengths can be distinguished by selecting proper membrane materials and thicknesses. Optical signals transmitted by the sensor are received by the high-resolution spectrum analyzer, and distributed sensing is realized by analyzing the resonance wavelength, so that the change of multiple parameters in the environment is monitored in real time.
The fiber SPR sensor based on SPR principle according to the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, but the technical solution of the present invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1 is ambient humidity sensing.
Plating 20nm Au film and 20nm TiO on the optical fiber sensing area 2 The membrane and the PVA polymer film are detected under the environment that the temperature is 10 ℃ and the environmental humidity is 30 percent RH-70 percent RH. The resonance wavelength changes as shown in fig. 3, the resonance wavelength gradually red-shifts in the range of 600nm to 800nm as the ambient humidity increases.
Example 2 is ambient temperature sensing.
Plating 20nm Au film, 25nm Ag film and PDMS film on the optical fiber sensing area, and detecting at 0-40 deg.C and 50% RH. The resonance wavelength changes as shown in fig. 4, the resonance wavelength gradually blue-shifts in the range of 800nm to 1100nm as the ambient temperature increases.
In the optical fiber SPR sensor 3, a 301 area is additionally provided with a gold coating, an Ag and PDMS film for detecting the temperature of indoor environment, and a 302 area is additionally provided with a gold coating and a TiO 2 And a PVA polymer film for detecting indoor humidity. The wide-spectrum light source passes through the optical splitter, an evanescent field is formed in the side polishing area and enters the metal film, surface plasma resonance is excited, and transmitted light is received by the spectrum absorption instrument to obtain corresponding peak wavelength.
Claims (8)
1. An indoor environment automatic monitoring and regulating system based on SPR is composed of a wide-spectrum light source 1, a 1: N optical splitter 2, an optical fiber SPR sensor 3, a high-resolution spectrum analyzer 4 and a computer processing system 5. The optical fiber SPR sensor 3 consists of two sections 301 and 302 of an optical fiber polished-out cladding region, wherein the 301 region is provided with a metal coating film and a sensitization film and a PDMS polymer for detecting the temperature of indoor environment, and the 302 region is provided with a metal coating film and a sensitization film and a PVA polymer film for detecting indoor humidity. The wide-spectrum light source 1 is input into a 1: N optical splitter 2, transmitted to each household through a single path, incident light forms evanescent fields in two areas of an optical fiber SPR sensor 3 and enters a metal film to interact with free electrons in the metal film to excite surface plasma waves and enter a sensitization film layer, when an external environment interacts with two sensing areas, energy with specific wavelengths is absorbed according to a plasma resonance mechanism, an emitted spectrum is received by a high-resolution optical spectrum analyzer 4, the resonance wavelengths are judged and processed through a computer analysis system 5, and after data result analysis, the spectrum is interconnected with household equipment in combination with a big data processing technology so as to regulate and control an indoor environment.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a round polished fiber or a side-polished D-type fiber or a double side-polished D-type fiber, and the residual thickness of the cladding is 0-2 um.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is a single mode fiber with relative refractive index of core and cladding in the range of 0.005-0.01 and numerical aperture in the range of 0.12-0.2 or a micro-structured fiber with relative refractive index of core and cladding in the range of 0.5-0.8 and numerical aperture in the range of 0.08-0.35.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system can be constructed in either a series or parallel configuration.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensing region has a metal film of gold or silver or a mixture of gold and silver, and the metal film has a thickness of 20-50 nm.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensitization film coated on the sensing region is two-dimensional MoS 2 Or graphene, wherein MoS 2 The number of layers which can be plated is 1-3, the thickness is 0.65-1.95nm, the number of layers which can be plated of graphene is 1-3, and the thickness is 0.34-1.02 nm.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmittance at resonance wavelength of the sensor is in the range of 0-0.5, and the loss is in the range of 500dB/cm-900 dB/cm.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is capable of simultaneously detecting a temperature of 0-40 ℃, a sensitivity of 5-7nm/° c, a humidity of 30-70% RH, and a sensitivity of 5-8 nm/% RH.
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