CN114965210A - Permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor test and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion - Google Patents
Permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor test and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
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Abstract
The invention discloses a permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor tests and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion, which comprises the steps of building a permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration indoor test platform; monitoring the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt mixture in real time; establishing a finite element model with the same size as an indoor experimental device through rainfall infiltration simulation software; inverting the unsaturated hydraulic parameters of the permeable asphalt mixture by combining the bottom outflow measured data; obtaining unsaturated hydraulic parameters to carry out simulation research on the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt pavement structure; and analyzing the influence of rainfall intensity on the outflow response of the permeable asphalt pavement structure. According to the method, the rainfall infiltration and stagnation effects of the permeable asphalt pavement cannot be accurately analyzed by considering the saturated seepage theory, and the unsaturated hydraulic parameters are obtained through tests and are relatively complex, so that the initial data obtained through indoor tests are subjected to the inversion of the unsaturated hydraulic parameters, and finally the rainfall infiltration analysis of the permeable asphalt pavement is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration analysis technology based on indoor tests and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion, and belongs to the technical field of road engineering pavement permeability analysis.
Background
The rainfall infiltration model research on the permeable asphalt pavement in China is mainly focused on the basis of a saturated infiltration theory, the unsaturated-saturated rainfall infiltration research is few, the saturated-unsaturated infiltration of the porous medium is researched, and the determination of the unsaturated infiltration coefficient of the material is the key of the research problem. In unsaturated soil theory, the unsaturated permeability coefficient is mainly affected by water content and is a function of water content. While the unsaturated permeability coefficient is difficult to test. Due to the difficulty of the testing method, the unsaturated hydraulic parameters (soil-water characteristic parameters and unsaturated permeability coefficients) of the permeable asphalt mixture at home and abroad are few at present, and the unsaturated hydraulic parameters are mainly obtained by empirical methods such as a soil conversion formula and the like.
In the invention CN109342295B disclosed by Zhang Lei professor of southeast university, partial hydrological parameters such as saturated permeability coefficient and saturated volume water content can be obtained through permeation experiments, but the parameter alpha related to air inlet pressure of a gap and the pore size distribution fitting parameter n in the Van Genuchten-Mualem model cannot be obtained through experiments.
The soil-water characteristic parameters of the material can be obtained by utilizing the grading curve of the material, but the calculation is too complicated, and the popularization of the method is influenced.
Therefore, a method for simply and rapidly determining the unsaturated parameters of the permeable asphalt pavement structure becomes the focus of research.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the existing permeable asphalt pavement unsaturated hydraulic parameters are difficult to obtain and rainfall infiltration simulation is not accurate enough by using empirical values, the invention provides a permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor tests and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion.
A permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor tests and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion comprises the following steps:
step 10) constructing an indoor permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration test device, wherein the indoor permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration test device comprises: the rainfall unit is used for simulating rainfall; a permeable asphalt pavement structure; the soil humidity data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the soil humidity in the permeable asphalt pavement structure; the outflow data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring outflow data at the bottom of the permeable asphalt pavement structure;
step 20) determining the void ratio, the water content and the bottom outflow data of each permeable structure layer of the permeable asphalt pavement structure through tests;
step 30) establishing a model with the same structural size as the permeable asphalt pavement by using finite element software, ideally considering boundary conditions on two sides as a no-flux condition, wherein the bottom is a seepage surface boundary condition which can seep out when porous media are saturated to form bottom outflow, and stopping outflow when the porous media at the bottom are in an unsaturated state;
step 40) carrying out inversion on unsaturated hydraulic parameters of a Van Genuchten-Mualem model of the permeable asphalt pavement structure;
step 50) combining the unsaturated hydraulic parameters obtained in the step 40), carrying out rainfall infiltration analysis on the permeable asphalt pavement structure, comparing a simulation result with a test result, and introducing a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient to evaluate the result;
and step 60) analyzing the influence of rainfall intensity on the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt pavement structure.
In the step 30), the permeable asphalt pavement structure includes:
the device comprises a sample cylinder with a cylindrical structure, wherein multiple water permeable structure layers are filled in the sample cylinder from top to bottom, an axial-symmetry vertical two-dimensional coordinate system is adopted to establish a non-saturated hydraulic model, and a triangular unit grid is divided.
The minimum objective function of the unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion in the step 40) is as follows:
in the formula, m q Expressed as the number of different measurement categories;
n qj representing the number of observations over different time spaces in the same measurement value category;
q j (x,t i and b) represents the corresponding parameter (e.g., θ) of the jth observation point at the ith time at the x position r 、θ s 、α、n、m、K s Etc.) model calculations;
v j ,w i,j a weight representing an observation and an observation point;
wherein m is p Representing the number of different hydraulic characteristic parameters;
n pj representing the observed number of the hydraulic characteristic parameters of the same type in different time spaces;
p j (x,θ i and b) represents a model calculation value representing the j observation point of the ith hydraulic characteristic parameter at the x position;
b j (x) Representing an iterated value of a hydraulic characteristic parameter;
In the step 50), the calculation formula of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient is shown as the formula (5):
in the formula, Q obs,i Representing the bottom outflow test observed value of the permeable asphalt pavement;
Q sim,i representing a bottom outflow simulation value of the permeable asphalt pavement model;
In the step 60), the influence of rainfall intensity on the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt pavement structure is analyzed by using the bottom outflow response obtained by simulation, and the specific analysis mode is that the influence of rainfall intensity on the bottom outflow delay time, the outflow peak value and the detention rate is analyzed according to the obtained bottom outflow response simulation values under different rainfall intensities, so that the drainage capacity and the water storage capacity of the permeable asphalt pavement structure for responding to different rainfall events are obtained.
Has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method, the rainfall infiltration and stagnation effects of the permeable asphalt pavement cannot be accurately analyzed by considering the saturated seepage theory, the unsaturated hydraulic parameters are relatively complex to obtain through the test, the unsaturated hydraulic parameters are inverted through initial data obtained through an indoor test, the rainfall infiltration analysis of the permeable asphalt pavement is finally realized, and the evaluation result is more reasonable and accurate.
2. The method utilizes finite element software to establish a model with the same size as that of an indoor test, carries out the unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion of the Van Genuchten-Mualem model, and better accords with the actual state of rainfall infiltration of the permeable asphalt pavement compared with the saturated seepage theory.
3. The method combines indoor tests and inversion of unsaturated hydraulic parameters, realizes rainfall infiltration analysis of the permeable asphalt pavement structure, and evaluates the influence of different rainfall intensities on the bottom outflow response (outflow delay time, outflow peak value and retention rate).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor tests and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rainfall infiltration test system for indoor permeable asphalt pavements of the present invention:
wherein, 1 is a water supply device, 2 is a peristaltic pump, 3 is a shower head, 4 is a steel wire mesh, 5 is a joint, 6 is a sensor, 7 is geotextile, and 8 is a water valve;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a finite element model of a permeable asphalt pavement structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation value and an observed value of the outflow from the bottom of the permeable pavement.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor tests and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion, and as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
step 10) designing an indoor permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration test system, which comprises three parts: each structure of bituminous paving permeates water, includes: the sample cylinder is of a cylindrical structure, a plurality of permeable structure layers are filled in the sample cylinder from top to bottom, the sample cylinder is an organic glass tube with the length of 1000mm and the diameter of 160mm, and each structure layer of a permeable asphalt pavement is arranged inside the sample cylinder;
the rainfall system comprises a water supply device, a peristaltic pump and a shower head;
the data collection system comprises a soil humidity data acquisition instrument and an outflow data acquisition instrument.
In step 10), the humidity sensor is calibrated, and the result is that y is 0.621x-0.425, and the relation between the peristaltic pump rotating speed (x) and the rainfall intensity (y) is determined as that y is 3.48 x-1.69.
And 20) determining the void ratio of each structural layer of the permeable asphalt pavement structure through tests, designing a permeable asphalt pavement structure combination, and monitoring the rainfall infiltration process of the structure combination in real time to obtain the water content and the outflow rate at different positions for subsequent simulation input.
And step 30) establishing a model with the same size as that of an indoor test by using finite element software, ideally considering boundary conditions of two sides as a no-flux condition according to the actual conditions, wherein the bottom of the device is a seepage surface boundary condition, the boundary condition can seep out when porous media are saturated to form bottom outflow, and the outflow is stopped when the porous media at the bottom are in an unsaturated state.
In step 30), considering that the research test device is cylindrical, an axisymmetric vertical two-dimensional coordinate system is adopted to establish a finite element model, and a triangular unit mesh is divided.
And step 40) combining the bottom outflow actual measurement data obtained in the step 20) to carry out inversion on the unsaturated hydraulic parameters of the Van Genuchten-Mualem model of the permeable asphalt pavement structure.
In step 40), the nature of the inversion of the unsaturated hydraulic parameters is a continuous iteration equation, the parameters are selected by minimizing a target function, and the minimum target function of the inversion of the unsaturated hydraulic parameters is as shown in formula (4):
in the above formula, m q Expressed as the number of different measurement categories; n is a radical of an alkyl radical qj Representing the number of observations over different time spaces in the same measurement value category;
representing a specific observation value of a j observation point at the x position at the ith moment; q. q.s j (x,t i And b) represents the corresponding parameter (e.g., θ) of the jth observation point at the ith time at the x position r 、θ s 、α、n、m、K s Etc.) model calculations; v. of j ,w i,j A weight representing an observation and an observation point; wherein m is p Representing the number of different hydraulic characteristic parameters; n is pj Representing the observed number of the hydraulic characteristic parameters of the same type in different time spaces;
a specific observed value of a jth observed point of the ith hydraulic characteristic parameter at the x position is represented; p is a radical of formula j (x,θ i And b) represents a model calculation value representing the j observation point of the ith hydraulic characteristic parameter at the x position;
representing an observed value of a certain hydraulic characteristic parameter and a weight of an observed point;
a pre-iteration value representing a certain hydraulic characteristic parameter; b j (x) Representing an iterated value of a hydraulic characteristic parameter;
representing the weight of a certain hydraulic characteristic parameter.
And step 50) combining the unsaturated hydraulic parameters obtained in the step 40), carrying out rainfall infiltration analysis on the permeable asphalt pavement structure, comparing a simulation result with a test result, and introducing a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) to evaluate the result.
In the step 50), the calculation formula of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient is shown as the formula (5):
in the above formula, Q obs,i Representing the bottom outflow test observed value of the permeable asphalt pavement; q sim,i Representing a bottom outflow simulation value of the permeable asphalt pavement model;
mean bottom outflow observations are shown.
And step 60) analyzing the influence of rainfall intensity on the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt pavement structure.
And step 60), analyzing the influence of rainfall intensity on the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt pavement structure by using the bottom outflow response (outflow delay time, outflow peak value and retention rate) obtained by simulation.
One specific application of the method of the embodiments of the present invention is as follows.
Step one, constructing an indoor permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration test system as shown in a figure two.
Step two, determining a permeable asphalt pavement structure, namely: 10cm + big gap pitch rubble basic unit 8cm + gradation rubble 30cm + sand bed course 20cm of pitch surface course that permeates water and obtains each structural layer void ratio through the experiment, and concrete pavement structure is: PAC-13 (porosity of 16.5%) 4cm + PAC-20 (porosity of 19.7%) 6cm + LSPM-25 (porosity of 20.3%) 8cm + GM graded crushed stone 30cm + sand cushion 20 cm.
Establishing a model with the same size as that of an indoor test by using the HYDROUS software, and considering that a research test device is cylindrical, dividing triangular unit grids by adopting an axisymmetric vertical two-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the grid size is 0.5cm, the grid number is 6660, and the following assumptions are required by using the HYDROUS software for simulation: homogenizing a single-layer material in each direction; ② the water flows only seep out from the interior of the material. Thus, the two-sided boundary condition is ideally considered to be a no-flux condition, with the bottom of the device being the percolation surface boundary condition. The concrete HYDROUS model is shown in figure 3.
And fourthly, inverting the unsaturated hydraulic parameters of the Van Genuchten-Mualem model of the permeable asphalt pavement structure, considering the limit of software iteration rate, and the experiment does not invert all the VG model parameters. In VG model of porous media, θ s 、θ r Alpha and n are main factors influencing the porous medium material. It is generally believed that when a porous medium is saturated, its saturation volumetric water content depends on the porosity, and therefore θ s Are known. The iterative ranges and initial values for the remaining material parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 value ranges and initial values of the parameters of the materials
Parameters of a VG model of the permeable asphalt pavement structure inverted by using the HYDROUS combined with experimental observation data are summarized in a table 2.
TABLE 2 permeable asphalt pavement structure material VG model parameters
And step five, combining the unsaturated hydraulic parameters obtained in the step four, carrying out rainfall infiltration analysis on the permeable asphalt pavement structure, and calculating to obtain the NSE coefficient value of the bottom outflow simulation value and the test observation value of the permeable pavement structure to be 0.974.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a simulation value and an observed value, which are relatively close to each other, and show that the simulation result is reasonable and credible.
And step six, researching rainfall infiltration response of the permeable asphalt pavement structure under different rainfall intensity conditions, wherein the rainfall intensity is respectively 3mm/min, 6mm/min, 9mm/min and 12 mm/min.
Arrange the bottom outflow response of the permeable asphalt pavement structure under different rainfall intensities in table 3
TABLE 3 response of bottom outflow of permeable asphalt pavement structure under different rainfall intensities
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the outflow peak value at the bottom of the permeable asphalt pavement structure increases with the increase of rainfall intensity, and the outflow delay time and the retention rate decrease with the increase of rainfall intensity.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be protected by the following claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration evaluation method based on indoor tests and unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 10) constructing an indoor permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration test device, wherein the indoor permeable asphalt pavement rainfall infiltration test device comprises: the rainfall unit is used for simulating rainfall; a permeable asphalt pavement structure; the soil humidity data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring the soil humidity in the permeable asphalt pavement structure; the outflow data acquisition instrument is used for acquiring outflow data at the bottom of the permeable asphalt pavement structure;
step 20) determining the void ratio, the water content and the bottom outflow data of each permeable structure layer of the permeable asphalt pavement structure through tests;
step 30) establishing a model with the same structural size as the permeable asphalt pavement by using finite element software, ideally considering boundary conditions on two sides as a no-flux condition, wherein the bottom is a seepage surface boundary condition which can seep out when porous media are saturated to form bottom outflow, and stopping outflow when the porous media at the bottom are in an unsaturated state;
step 40) carrying out inversion on unsaturated hydraulic parameters of a Van Genuchten-Mualem model of the permeable asphalt pavement structure;
step 50) combining the unsaturated hydraulic parameters obtained in the step 40), carrying out rainfall infiltration analysis on the permeable asphalt pavement structure, comparing a simulation result with a test result, and introducing a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient to evaluate the result;
and step 60) analyzing the influence of rainfall intensity on the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt pavement structure.
2. The method for evaluating rainfall infiltration of permeable asphalt pavement based on indoor test and inversion of unsaturated hydraulic parameters according to claim 1, wherein in the step 30), the permeable asphalt pavement structure comprises:
the device comprises a sample cylinder with a cylindrical structure, wherein multiple water permeable structure layers are filled in the sample cylinder from top to bottom, an axial-symmetry vertical two-dimensional coordinate system is adopted to establish a non-saturated hydraulic model, and a triangular unit grid is divided.
3. The method for evaluating the rainfall infiltration of the permeable asphalt pavement based on the indoor test and the unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion according to claim 1, wherein the minimum objective function of the unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion in the step 40) is as shown in formula (4):
in the formula, m q Expressed as the number of different measurement categories;
n qj representing the number of observations over different time spaces in the same measurement value category;
q j (x,t i and b) represents the corresponding parameter (e.g., θ) of the jth observation point at the ith time at the x position r 、θ s 、α、n、m、K s Etc.);
v j ,w i,j a weight representing an observation and an observation point;
wherein m is p Representing the number of different hydraulic characteristic parameters;
n pj representing the observed number of the hydraulic characteristic parameters of the same type in different time spaces;
p j (x,θ i b) represents a model calculation value representing the ith hydraulic characteristic parameter at the position of the jth observation point in x;
b j (x) Indicating a certain hydraulic powerAn iterated value of the characteristic parameter;
4. The method for evaluating the rainfall infiltration of the permeable asphalt pavement based on the indoor test and the unsaturated hydraulic parameter inversion according to claim 1, wherein in the step 50), the calculation formula of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient is as shown in formula (5):
in the formula, Q obs,i Representing the observation value of the outflow test at the bottom of the permeable asphalt pavement;
Q sim,i representing a bottom outflow simulation value of the permeable asphalt pavement model;
5. The method for evaluating the rainfall infiltration of the permeable asphalt pavement based on the indoor test and the inversion of the unsaturated hydraulic parameters according to claim 1, wherein in the step 60), the influence of rainfall intensity on the rainfall infiltration process of the permeable asphalt pavement structure is analyzed by using the bottom outflow response obtained by simulation, and the specific analysis mode is that the influence of the rainfall intensity on the bottom outflow delay time, the outflow peak value and the retention rate is analyzed according to the obtained simulated values of the bottom outflow response under different rainfall intensities, so that the drainage capacity and the water storage capacity of the permeable asphalt pavement structure for different rainfall events are obtained.
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| CN116894352A (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2023-10-17 | 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 | Desert area moisture infiltration simulation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN116894352B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2024-01-26 | 长江三峡集团实业发展(北京)有限公司 | Desert area moisture infiltration simulation method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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