CN114962131B

CN114962131B - Air pressure engine

Info

Publication number: CN114962131B
Application number: CN202210363664.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 焦建石; 焦惠泉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-04-08
Filing date: 2022-04-08
Publication date: 2023-11-10
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-08
Also published as: CN114962131A

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy source using and developing device, in particular to a pneumatic engine. A piston with a banded structure is formed by superposing left and right multi-layer alloy thin steel plates, the piston is assembled in a chute of a hydraulic cylinder assembly with A, C, B three-cavity sealing, A, C two cavities are communicated, when the pressure force of high-pressure gas and high-pressure liquid acts on the axial projection surfaces of variable sections of two pistons in the A, C cavity, the piston moves, the pressure force of the A, C cavity and the B cavity is strongly reversed through a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, the piston makes reciprocating linear motion, a crankshaft is driven to rotate for acting, and only micro high-pressure liquid is consumed by the piston in the moving process of the A, C cavity and the B cavity. The invention integrates the use and the development of energy, can replace fuel oil, gas engines and other engines, has simple structure and low manufacturing and using cost, and does not influence the ecological environment.

Description

Air pressure engine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of energy development and conversion devices, in particular to a pneumatic engine.

Background

At present, the field of engines mainly uses internal combustion engines and motors, and the technical problems are that the internal combustion engines consume non-renewable energy sources and pollute ecological environment, and the energy sources used by alternating current motors mainly come from firepower and hydroelectric power generation and are required to be used in a power grid. While the air pressure engine is the direction of the other engine. The prior art patent CN109185038B discloses a pneumatic engine, by using a thin-wall seamless circular steel tube as a piston, sealing two ends with sealing covers, filling a flexible body in an inner cavity, assembling the flexible body in a hydraulic cylinder with A, B two cavities, gradually deforming the flexible body into an oblong cross section under the action of a limiting shaft and a clearance, reducing the area, applying a compressive force to liquid in a cavity a by high-pressure gas, and applying the compressive force to the liquid in a cavity B on an axial projection surface of a variable cross section of the piston when the liquid in an atmospheric pressure state, so that the piston moves, the volume of the piston is kept unchanged in the moving process of the two cavities A, B, reversing the pressure of the cavity A, B by an electromagnetic valve, so that the piston makes reciprocating rectilinear motion, and driving a crankshaft to do work. After the patent piston is assembled with the hydraulic cylinder assembly, liquid is filled into the piston cavity through the liquid filling nozzle to serve as a flexible body, an integral or split elastomer is filled in a seamless steel tube of the piston in a gapless manner to serve as the flexible body, and the flexible body needs to be filled and has poor acting effect; the pressure values of the high-pressure gas in the first gas storage tank, the second gas storage tank and the third gas storage tank are from low to high, and the three gas storage tanks are adopted, so that the structure is complex, and the effect is poor; the whole structure is large, and the occupied space is large, and the technology is not enough. Thus, there is a need to solve the above-mentioned problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a pneumatic engine, which comprises a hydraulic cylinder assembly; a power assembly; a power control assembly; the crank block assembly is assembled;

the power assembly consists of a piston type energy accumulator, high-pressure liquid and high-pressure gas;

the hydraulic cylinder assembly consists of an upper cylinder cover, a first sealing ring, a left cylinder body, a left piston, a stay bar, a guide plate, a lower cylinder cover, a second sealing ring, a right cylinder body, a third sealing ring, a fourth sealing ring and a right piston;

the left cylinder body and the right cylinder body are respectively positioned by cylindrical pins, a first bolt is fixed on the guide plate, and a left-right gap, a four-place chute and a four-place bent R-angle structure are formed after assembly; the left inner surface of the cylinder body, the right inner surface of the cylinder body and the surface of the guide plate are respectively provided with a group of protruding ribs, gaps formed between the surfaces of the corresponding ribs after assembly are consistent with the thickness of the piston, the piston is arranged in a chute and the gaps formed by the ribs, the sealing strips are used for sealing, the upper cylinder cover and the lower cylinder cover are respectively arranged on the left end face of the cylinder body, the right end face of the cylinder body and the upper end face and the lower end face of the guide plate, the first sealing ring and the second sealing ring are used for sealing, the first cylindrical pin is used for positioning, and the fifth bolt is used for fixing;

the left and right of the piston are strip-shaped structures formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of alloy thin steel plates with different thicknesses, the piston has rigidity and bending performance, and each layer of thin steel plate is made of a material with high strength and good bending resistance.

The further improvement is that: the power control assembly consists of a travel switch I, a travel switch II, a pipeline, a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, a pressure reducing valve, a stop valve, a pressure gauge and an oil tank;

the crank slide block assembly consists of a crank shell left, a crank shell right, a crank, a connecting rod, a stabilizing rod I, a slide block I, a bolt I, a fixing plate, a bolt II, a tail cylinder shell, a slide block II, a bolt III, a fixing plate II, a stabilizing rod II and a bolt IV;

the crank block assembly is assembled and then positioned by using a cylindrical pin II, the bolt II is fixedly connected to an upper cylinder cover of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, the tail cylinder shell is positioned by using the cylindrical pin II, the bolt II is fixedly connected to a lower cylinder cover, the left side of the crank shell is Qu Zhouke, the right side of the crank shell is positioned by using the cylindrical pin II after assembling a crank shaft, a connecting rod, a first sliding block and a stabilizing rod, the bolt II is fixedly connected with each other, the crank block assembly is assembled and then positioned by using the cylindrical pin II, the bolt II is fixedly connected to an upper cylinder cover of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, the tail cylinder shell is positioned by using the cylindrical pin II, and the bolt II is fixedly connected to the lower cylinder cover.

The further improvement is that: the upper end and the lower end of the left piston and the right piston are designed to be thicker surface thin steel plates which are slightly longer than the inner layer thin steel plates, after the thick surface thin steel plates at the upper end and the lower end of the left piston and the right piston are welded with thin steel plates which are perpendicular to the thick surface thin steel plates and are made of the same materials and have the same thickness, the upper end of the left piston and the upper end of the right piston are clamped and fixed on the first sliding block through bolts and fixing plates, the lower end of the left piston and the lower end of the right piston are clamped and fixed on the second sliding block through bolts and fixing plates, the left section of the left piston and the right piston are oblong, the left piston and the right piston are sealed with an upper cylinder cover at a cylinder opening through a seal ring five, and the left piston and the right piston are sealed with a lower cylinder cover at a sealed cylinder opening through a seal ring three.

The further improvement is that: the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder assembly is divided into A, B, C three independent sealed cavities by a left piston and a right piston, wherein A, C cavities are communicated with each other through pipelines, and the connecting pipelines of the A, B, C three cavities are communicated with or closed with high-pressure liquid of a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, an oil tank, a pressure reducing valve, a stop valve and a piston type energy accumulator.

The further improvement is that: the stay bar is designed into a stepped shaft structure, threads are machined at the upper end and the lower end, the upper end is connected with the first sliding block, the lower end is connected with the second sliding block, and the stay bar is sealed with the upper end cover and the lower end cover at a cylinder opening by using a sealing ring four.

The further improvement is that: the left and right belt structures of the piston are in the hydraulic cylinder assembly and are constrained by left and right trapezoid gaps formed by the left and right cylinder bodies and the guide plate, four sliding grooves and four R-angle structures are formed in the up-down direction in the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, a variable cross-section structure with a small upper part and a large lower part is formed, a stop valve is opened, high-pressure liquid of a piston type energy accumulator is connected, a valve core of a pressure reducing valve is adjusted, a A, C cavity liquid inlet of a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve is opened, a liquid return port is closed, a A, C cavity is in a high-pressure state, a B cavity liquid inlet is closed, the liquid return port is opened, the B cavity is in a low-pressure state for opening the atmosphere, the high-pressure liquid transmits pressure force to the left and right outer surfaces of the piston, namely the pressure force acts on axial projection a and B surfaces of the variable cross section of the piston, the direction of the force is downward, the left and right of the piston move, the movement direction is downward, the first sliding block, the connecting rod and the crankshaft are driven to move, the crankshaft rotates, when the second fixed plate touches the second travel switch, the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve commutates the pressure of the A cavity, the C cavity and the pressure of the B cavity, the liquid inlet of the B cavity is opened, the liquid return port is closed, the liquid inlet of the A cavity and the liquid return port are closed, the liquid under high pressure exerts pressure force on the inner surfaces of the left and right of the piston, namely the pressure force acts on the axial projection a and the surface B of the variable section of the piston, the direction of the force is upward, the left and right of the piston move reversely, namely the piston moves in a reciprocating linear manner, the crankshaft continuously rotates in the same direction, and when the second sliding block touches the travel switch, the actions are repeated to form a cycle.

The further improvement is that: the pressure value of the high-pressure gas is determined according to the integral strength of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, and the pressure value of the high-pressure gas is lower than the integral tensile strength of the hydraulic cylinder assembly.

The further improvement is that: the installation position of the oil tank is higher than the installation position of the hydraulic cylinder assembly.

The further improvement is that: the high-pressure liquid and the high-pressure gas have small consumption and leakage in the use process, and the high-pressure liquid and the high-pressure gas need to be supplemented.

The further improvement is that: the pressure reducing valve is opened by manpower or mechanical force, the valve core position is adjusted, high-pressure liquid in the piston type energy accumulator is connected, the pressure in the A, C cavity and the pressure in the B cavity are sequentially changed, the piston obtains different power, and therefore the crankshaft outputs variable torque.

The further improvement is that: when the air pressure engine works, the air pressure engine needs to be connected and fixed on the basis.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the piston with the seamless steel tube structure in the CN1019185038B patent is cancelled, the piston is changed into a strip-shaped structure formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of alloy thin steel plates with different thicknesses, the piston has rigidity and bending property, each layer of alloy Bao Gangban is designed to have the material characteristics of high strength and good bending resistance, the outer surface layer is designed to be an alloy thin steel plate with thicker thickness, the surface is smooth, the piston has high hardness and high wear resistance, the middle inner layer is designed to be an alloy thin steel plate with thinner thickness, and the piston with bilateral symmetry rigidity and flexibility is adopted, so that the piston can work under the working condition of consuming a small amount of high-pressure liquid, the processing and the manufacturing of modern industry are facilitated, a new technology is developed for energy conservation and emission reduction, and a new energy source is popularized for the modern society.

2. The invention cancels three air tanks, changes into a piston type energy accumulator, adjusts the valve core position of the pressure reducing valve, connects the high-pressure liquid of the piston type energy accumulator, and changes the high-pressure liquid pressure from low to high or from high to low along with the change of the valve core position of the pressure reducing valve, so that the piston obtains different power, and the crankshaft outputs variable torque, thus the air pressure engine can smoothly obtain small to large torque by adopting a simpler structure.

3. The invention discloses a piston, which is characterized in that a strip structure of the piston is arranged on the left side of the piston in a hydraulic cylinder assembly, the strip structure is restrained by a left-right clearance formed by a left cylinder body, a right cylinder body and a guide plate, a variable cross-section structure with a small upper part and a large lower part is formed in the up-down direction in a cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, a stop valve is opened, high-pressure liquid of a piston energy accumulator is connected, a valve core of a pressure reducing valve is regulated, an A cavity liquid inlet and a C cavity liquid inlet of a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve are opened, a liquid return port is closed, the A cavity and the C cavity are in a high-pressure state, a liquid inlet of a B cavity is closed, the liquid return port is opened, the B cavity is in a low-pressure state for opening the atmosphere, the high-pressure liquid transmits pressure force to act on the left and right outer surfaces of the piston, namely the pressure force acts on the left and right axial projection a and B surfaces of the variable cross-section of the piston, the direction of the force is downward, so that the left piston and the right piston overcomes resistance to move, and the movement direction is downward, when the fixed plate II touches the travel switch, the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve changes the pressure of the A cavity, the C cavity and the B cavity to open the liquid inlet of the B cavity, the liquid return port is closed, the liquid inlet of the A cavity is closed, the liquid return port is opened, high-pressure liquid applies pressure force to the left surface of the piston, namely the pressure force acts on the left surface of the piston, the axial projection a and the axial projection B of the variable cross section of the piston are directed upwards, the left surface of the piston and the right surface of the piston are reversed, namely the left surface of the piston and the right surface of the piston are reciprocated to make the crankshaft rotate continuously in the same direction, when the slider touches the travel switch, the above actions are repeated to form a cycle, each time the left surface of the piston and the right movement stroke of the piston can do work without idle stroke, because of tiny deviation of processing ribs of a hydraulic cylinder assembly, the piston left, the piston right is subjected to tiny deformation when the pressure force is applied to the piston right, so that the volumes of the A cavity, the C cavity and the B cavity are slightly increased and changed under the high pressure state, the piston left, the piston right do work under the working condition of consuming a small amount of high pressure liquid, the piston left and the piston right move downwards, the first sliding block is a pulling force, the second sliding block is a pushing force, the piston left and the piston right move upwards, the first sliding block is a pushing force, the second sliding block is a pulling force, when the piston left and the piston right move beyond cylinder openings of the upper cylinder cover and the lower cylinder cover, the left and the right of the piston can be unstable under the action of a large pushing force, therefore, ribs and stabilizing bars on the left and the right of a crank shell and the inner surface of a tail cylinder shell are designed in the crank sliding block assembly, a gap formed by the stabilizing bars is consistent with the thickness of the piston, and the left sliding phenomenon of the piston is prevented when the piston right slides in the gap.

4. The invention integrates the use and development of energy, inputs quantitative high-pressure gas energy, continuously converts the pressure energy of the high-pressure gas into mechanical energy, has simple structure, low manufacturing and use cost, small size, large size and high output energy density, can realize industrial production, replaces the existing fuel oil, fuel gas and other engines, does not influence the ecological environment, can provide power for various mobile machines, ships and automobiles, can provide power for fixed large-scale machines, and can also provide motive power for the energy industry.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of E-E of fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a section F-F of FIG. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the piston of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a force diagram of the piston of fig. 4 with varying cross-section.

Wherein: left 1-Qu Zhouke, right 2-crank case, 3-crank, 4-connecting rod, first 5-stabilizer, first 6-slider, first 7-bolt, first 8-fixed plate, second 9-bolt, first 10-upper cylinder head, first 11-seal ring, left 12-cylinder, left 13-piston, 14-stay, 15-guide plate, fifth 16-lower cylinder head, first 17-travel switch, second 18-seal ring, second 19-tail cylinder case, second 20-slider, third 21-bolt, second 22-fixed plate, second 23-stabilizer, second 24-travel switch, second 25-pipe, fourth 26-bolt, right 27-cylinder, third 28-seal ring, fourth 29-seal ring, fourth 30-piston, right 31-two-position four-way solenoid valve, 32-pressure reducing valve, 33-stop valve, 34-oil tank, 35-piston accumulator, 36-high pressure liquid, 37-high pressure gas, 38-pressure gauge, fifth 39-seal ring, fifth 40-bolt, first 41-seal bar, first 42-seal bar, sixth 43-bolt, second 44-seventh pin, 45-R-47, and R-chute.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-5, the present embodiment provides a pneumatic engine, which is assembled by hydraulic cylinder assembly, power control assembly, and crank block assembly components.

The hydraulic cylinder assembly is composed of an upper cylinder cover 10, a first sealing ring 11, a cylinder body left 12, a piston left 13, a supporting rod 14, a guide plate 15, a lower cylinder cover 16, a second sealing ring 18, a right cylinder body 27, a third sealing ring 28, a fourth sealing ring 29, a fifth sealing ring 39, a sealing strip 42, a right piston 30, a fifth bolt 40, a first cylindrical pin 41 and a sealing strip 42.

The cylinder body left 12, the cylinder body right 27 and the guide plate 15 are made of die-cast aluminum alloy or cast iron, the cylinder body left 12 and the cylinder body right 27 are respectively positioned by using cylindrical pins 41, bolts five 40 are fixed on the guide plate 15, a left-right gap is formed after assembly, grooves 46 and R-angle structures 47 are formed everywhere, the width, the surface and the position of the grooves 46 need to be precisely machined, the surface is high in hardness and high in wear resistance, sealing strips 42 are arranged in the grooves 46 everywhere and used for installing the piston left 13 and the piston right 30, the cylinder body left 12, the inner surface of the cylinder body right 27 and the surface of the guide plate 15 are respectively provided with a group of protruding ribs, gaps formed between the surfaces of the corresponding ribs after assembly are consistent with the thickness of the piston, the piston is installed in the grooves 46 and the gaps formed by the ribs, the contact surfaces of the ribs and the piston need to be high in precision and the smooth surface, grooves and through holes are respectively designed on the ribs, the outer surface of the cylinder body right 27 is designed with protruding ribs for reinforcing the structural strength of the hydraulic cylinder body, the upper cylinder cover 10, the lower cylinder cover 16 is respectively installed on the cylinder body left 12, the upper end surface and the guide plate 27 and the lower end surface of the cylinder body right 27 are respectively provided with protruding ribs, the first sealing ring 11 and the sealing ring 41 are fixed by using the sealing pins 41.

The piston left 13 and the piston right 30 are of strip structures formed by overlapping multiple layers of alloy thin steel plates with different thicknesses, have rigidity and bending performance, are designed to be high in strength and good in bending resistance, are designed to be thick, are smooth in surface, have high hardness and high wear resistance, are designed to be thin, are arranged in the middle, are arranged to be thin, are arranged on the left 13 and the right 30 of the piston, are arranged in a gap formed by a sliding groove 46 and ribs and are sealed by sealing strips 42, are designed to be slightly longer than the thin steel plates on the inner layer, are arranged on the left 13 and the right 30 of the piston, are welded with the thin steel plates with the same material and thickness vertically, are arranged on the left 13 and the right 30 of the piston by using bolts 7 and a fixing plate 8, are clamped and fixed on the first 6 of the piston end, are clamped on the second 20 by using bolts three 21 and the fixing plate 8 on the lower end, are arranged on the left 13 of the piston, are in an oblong shape, are arranged on the right 30 of the piston, are arranged on the left 13 of the piston, are sealed with the right 30 of the piston, and are sealed with the left and the right 30 of the piston cylinder cover at the left and the right 16 of the cylinder cover through five sealing rings 39 and the cylinder cover openings of the cylinder cover 16.

The stay bar 14 is designed into a stepped shaft structure, is made of structural steel, is provided with threads at two ends, is connected with the first slider 6 at the upper end and the second slider 20 at the lower end, and is sealed with the upper end cover 10 and the lower end cover 16 at the cylinder opening by using the fourth sealing ring 29.

The power assembly consists of a piston type energy accumulator 35, high-pressure liquid 36 and high-pressure gas 37; the high-pressure liquid 36 is designed as hydraulic oil or emulsion, the high-pressure gas 37 is designed as high-pressure air or high-pressure nitrogen, the piston type energy accumulator 35 is designed as a standard part, the pressure value of the high-pressure gas 37 is determined according to the integral strength of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, and the pressure value of the high-pressure gas 37 is lower than the integral tensile strength of the hydraulic cylinder assembly.

The power control assembly is composed of a first travel switch 17, a second travel switch 24, a pipeline 25, a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 31, a pressure reducing valve 32, a stop valve 33, a pressure gauge 38 and an oil tank 34; the first travel switch 17 and the second travel switch 24 are connected to the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 31 by using signal wires, and the first travel switch 17, the second travel switch 24, the pipeline 25, the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 31, the pressure reducing valve 32, the stop valve 33, the oil tank 34 and the pressure gauge 38 are all designed to be standard components, so that the installation position of the oil tank 34 is higher than the installation position of the hydraulic cylinder assembly in order to prevent the high-pressure liquid 36 from overflowing the oil tank during liquid return.

The crank slide block assembly consists of a left Qu Zhouke part 1, a right crank shell 2, a crank shaft 3, a connecting rod 4, a first stabilizing rod 5, a first slide block 6, a first bolt 7, a fixed plate 8, a second bolt 9, a tail cylinder shell 19, a second slide block 20, a third bolt 21, a second fixed plate 22, a second stabilizing rod 23, a fourth bolt 26, a sixth bolt 43, a second cylindrical pin 44 and a seventh bolt 45;

the left Qu Zhouke part 1, the right 2 of the crank shell is positioned by using a cylindrical pin II 44 after the crank 3, the connecting rod 4, the first sliding block 6 and the first stabilizing rod 5 are assembled, the sixth bolt 43 and the seventh bolt 45 are connected and fixed with each other, the left Qu Zhouke part 1, the inner surface of the right 2 of the crank shell is designed with a convex rib, a gap formed by assembling the left and right stabilizing rods 5 is consistent with the thickness of the left piston 13 and the right piston 30, and the left and right inner surfaces of the tail cylinder shell 19 are designed with a convex rib, a gap formed by assembling the left and right stabilizing rods 23 is consistent with the thickness of the left piston 13 and the right piston 30; the upper end of a stabilizer bar I5 is arranged in a mounting hole of a crank shell left 1, the lower end of the stabilizer bar I5 is arranged in a mounting hole of an upper cylinder cover 10, a seam allowance of the upper end and the lower end of the stabilizer bar I5 is used for positioning, the upper end of a stabilizer bar II 23 is arranged in a mounting hole of a lower cylinder cover 16, the lower end of the stabilizer bar II 23 is arranged in a mounting hole of a tail cylinder cover 19, the seam allowance of the upper end and the lower end of the stabilizer bar II 23 is used for positioning, the stabilizer bar is made of alloy structural steel, the stabilizer bar is high in hardness and wear resistance, a notch and a through hole are designed on a fixing plate 8, a fixing plate II 22, a sliding block I6 and a sliding block II 20, so as to avoid Qu Zhouke left 1, the crank shell right 2, a protruding rib on the inner surface of the tail cylinder cover 19, the stabilizer bar I5 and the stabilizer bar II 23, a cylindrical pin 41 is used for positioning after the crank block assembly is assembled, a bolt II 9 is fixedly connected to the upper cylinder cover 10 of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, a tail cylinder cover 19 is fixedly connected to the lower cylinder cover 16 by a cylindrical pin II 44, and a Qu Zhouke left cylinder cover 2, a sliding block 3, a crankshaft 4 and a crankshaft 6 are arranged on the crankshaft housing 6; the second slider 20 is designed and manufactured with reference to similar parts of the gasoline engine.

After the hydraulic cylinder assembly is assembled, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder assembly is divided into A, B, C three independent sealed cavities by the left 13 and the right 30 of the piston, wherein A, C cavities are communicated with each other through a pipeline 25, A, B, C three cavity connecting pipelines 25 are communicated with a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 31, an oil tank 34, a pressure reducing valve 32, a stop valve 33 and high-pressure liquid 36 of a piston accumulator 35, sealing spaces formed between ribs in the A cavity and the piston are communicated with each other through processing grooves and through holes on ribs in the left 12 of the cylinder, sealing spaces formed between ribs in the C cavity and the piston are communicated with each other through processing grooves and through holes on ribs in the left 12 of the cylinder, sealing spaces formed between ribs in the B cavity and the piston are communicated with each other through processing grooves and through holes on ribs of a guide plate 15, and a support rod 15 is used for reinforcing the integral rigidity of the left 13 and the right 30 of the piston;

when the air pressure engine of the embodiment does work, the air pressure engine is required to be connected and fixed on the basis so as to fix and eliminate vibration.

The principle of the embodiment is as follows: the left 13 and right 30 of the piston are in a belt-shaped structure in the hydraulic cylinder assembly, and are restrained by left and right gaps formed by the left 12 and right 27 of the cylinder body and the guide plate, four sliding grooves 46 and four R-angle structures 47 are formed in the upper and lower directions in the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, a variable cross-section structure with a small upper part and a large lower part is formed in the upper and lower directions in the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, a stop valve 33 is opened, a high-pressure liquid 36 of the piston accumulator 35 is connected, the valve core of the pressure reducing valve 32 is regulated, the liquid inlet of the A cavity and the liquid inlet of the C cavity of the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve are opened, the liquid return port is closed, the A cavity and the C cavity are in a high-pressure state, the liquid inlet of the B cavity is closed, the liquid return port is opened, the B cavity is in a low-pressure state for leading to atmosphere, the high-pressure liquid 36 transmits pressure force to the left 13 of the piston, namely the pressure force acts on the left and right outer surfaces of the piston 30, the axial projection a and the B surfaces of the variable cross section of the piston right 30 are downward in the direction, so that the direction of the left 13 of the piston is, the right piston 30 overcomes the resistance movement, the movement direction is downward, the first slider 6, the connecting rod 4 and the crankshaft 3 are driven to move, the crankshaft 3 is driven to rotate clockwise, when the second fixed plate 22 touches the second travel switch 24, the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 31 reverses the pressures of the A cavity, the C cavity and the B cavity, the liquid inlet of the B cavity is opened, the liquid return port is closed, the liquid inlet of the A cavity and the liquid return port of the C cavity are closed, the liquid return port is opened, the high-pressure liquid 36 applies the pressurizing force to the left piston 13, namely the pressure force acts on the left piston 13, the axial projection a and the B of the variable section of the right piston 30 are upward, the left piston 13 and the right piston 30 are driven to move reversely, namely the left piston 13 and the right piston 30 are driven to reciprocate linearly, the crankshaft 3 is driven to rotate continuously in the same direction, when the second slider 20 touches the first travel switch 17, the above actions are repeated, each time the left piston 13 is formed, the motion stroke of the right piston 30 can do work without idle stroke, because of the tiny deviation of the rib processing of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, the left piston 13 and the right piston 30 are slightly deformed when being subjected to compressive force, so that the volumes of the left cavity A, the right cavity C and the right cavity B are slightly increased and changed under the high pressure state, therefore, under the working condition of consuming a small amount of high pressure liquid 36, the left piston 13, the right piston 30 do work, the left piston 13, the right piston 30 moves downwards, the first slider 6 is pulled, the second slider 20 is pushed, the left piston 13 and the right piston 30 move upwards, the first slider 6 is pushed, the second slider 20 is pulled, the left piston 13 moves beyond the cylinder ports of the upper cylinder cover 10 and the lower cylinder cover 16, the right piston 30 is unstable under the action of the larger pushing force, and therefore, gaps formed by the ribs and the first rod 5 on the inner surfaces of the left crankshaft shell 1, the right crankshaft shell 2 and the tail cylinder shell 19, the right piston 23 and the left piston 13 are designed in the crank-slider assembly, and the right piston 30 are prevented from moving in the gaps when the left piston 30 and the right piston 30 move upwards.

The pressure reducing valve 32 is opened by manpower or mechanical force, the valve core position is adjusted, the high-pressure liquid 36 in the piston type accumulator 35 is connected, the pressure of the high-pressure liquid 36 in the A, C cavity and the pressure of the high-pressure liquid 36 in the B cavity are sequentially changed under the action of the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 31, the pressure of the high-pressure liquid 36 is changed from low to high or from high to low, and different power is obtained by the left piston 13 and the right piston 30, so that the crankshaft 3 outputs variable torque, and the pneumatic engine can smoothly obtain small to large torque.

In the embodiment, the left piston 13, the right piston 30, the left cylinder 12, the right cylinder 27 and the surface of the ribs of the guide plate 15 are in motion fit, high-pressure liquid 36 is used for lubrication, and other motion and motion accessory parts are used for lubrication by lubricating oil or grease.

Fig. 1 shows the structure when the piston left 13 and the piston right 30 are moved to three-fourths of the stroke, that is, when the crankshaft 3 is rotated to 270 degrees.

The stress conditions are described below in conjunction with fig. 4 and 5: a. the area b is the pressure area of the high-pressure liquid 36 on the axial projection surface of the variable cross section of the piston left 13 and the piston right 30, when the piston left 13 and the piston right 30 do work upwards and downwards, the forces on the surface a and the surface b are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the sliding friction resistance of the piston left 13 and the piston right 30 is calculated as: the product of the positive pressure experienced by the surface and the sliding friction coefficient.

One embodiment is described below in conjunction with fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5:

the left piston 13 and the right piston 30 are made of 20CrMo steel plates; the tensile strength is 885MPa, the thickness of the inner surface layer and the outer surface layer is 1.5 mm, the roughness Ra0.4 of the surface layer, the surface treatment has high hardness and high wear resistance, the hardness is more than HRC58, and the length is 280 mm; the width is 105 mm, the width of the piston between the sliding grooves 46 is 80 mm, the thickness of each inner layer is 0.2 mm, the total thickness is 6 mm, the axial projection area of the variable cross section of the piston right 30 is 30.4 square centimeters, the total area is 60.8 square centimeters, the piston left 13 is set, the stroke of the piston right 30 is 50 mm, and the radius of the crankshaft 3 is 25 mm.

Setting high-pressure gas 37 as compressed air, wherein the pressure value is 3.5MPa;

setting high-pressure liquid 36 as hydraulic oil;

the left cylinder body 12, the right cylinder body 27 and the guide plate 15 are made of spheroidal graphite alloy cast iron, the heat treatment hardness of the surface of the rib is more than HRC58, and the roughness is Ra0.4;

the upper cylinder cover 10 is arranged, the lower cylinder cover 16 is made of 45CrMo alloy steel, the heat treatment hardness is more than HRC65, and the surface roughness of a piston inlet and a piston outlet is Ra0.4;

qu Zhouke left 1, right 2 and tail cylinder shell 19 are made of spheroidal graphite alloy cast iron;

the first fixing plate 8, the second fixing plate 22, the first sliding block 6 and the second sliding block 20 are made of 45CrMo alloy steel, and the heat treatment hardness is more than HRC 60;

the piston type energy accumulator 35, the stop valve 33, the pressure reducing valve 32, the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve 31, the pipeline 25, the first travel switch 17, the second travel switch 24 and the pressure gauge 38 are standard components, and the overall tensile strength of the pipeline 25 and the piston type energy accumulator 35 is more than 7 MPa;

the first stabilizing rod 5 and the second stabilizing rod 23 are made of 45CrMo alloy steel, the diameter is 10 mm, and the heat treatment hardness is more than HRC 60;

the stay bar 14 is made of 45 # structural steel, has the length of 285 mm and the diameter of 15 mm, and has the heat treatment hardness of HRC40 or more;

bolt five 40, cylindrical pin one 41 is a standard piece with high tensile strength;

setting a first sealing ring 11, a second sealing ring 18, a third sealing ring 28, a fourth sealing ring 29 and a fifth sealing ring 39 as O-shaped, and a sealing strip 42 as O-shaped;

the external dimensions of the assembled parts of this embodiment are about 265 x 214 x 470 mm.

The piston stress in this example is calculated as follows: the piston left 13 and the piston right 30 axially project the area values; a, 30.4 square centimeters; b, 30.4 square centimeters; 60.8 square centimeters, the expansion length of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder assembly is 160 millimeters, and the width of the piston between the slide ways is 80 millimeters;

the area of the piston left 13 and the piston right 30, which is subjected to the pressure force of the high-pressure liquid 36 in the hydraulic cylinder assembly, is 16 multiplied by 8=128 square centimeters, the positive pressure of the pressure force of the high-pressure liquid 36 is 128 multiplied by 35=4480 kilograms, the sliding friction resistance coefficient is 0.075, the sliding friction resistance is 4480 multiplied by 0.075=336 kilograms, and the total left and right weight of the piston right 30 is 336 multiplied by 2=672 kilograms;

the force generated by the piston left 13 and the piston right 30 against the sliding friction resistance is 60.8x35=2128-672=1456 kg, namely the piston output power 1456 kg, and the radius of the crankshaft 3 is 0.025 m, so that the output torque of the crankshaft 3 is 1456 x 0.025=36.4 kg, namely 364 nm.

All parts are manufactured by adopting the prior art, and the technology and the process technology of the alloy sheet steel material for manufacturing the piston are key core technologies, wherein the higher the tensile strength, the bending resistance, the better the bending resistance and the wear resistance of the alloy sheet steel material, the longer the service life, and the higher the pressure value of the high-pressure gas 37 and the larger the output energy under the condition of meeting the structural strength.

Claims

1. A pneumatic engine is composed of a hydraulic cylinder assembly; a power assembly; a power control assembly; the crank block assembly is assembled and formed, and is characterized in that:

the power assembly consists of a piston type energy accumulator (35), high-pressure liquid (36) and high-pressure gas (37);

the hydraulic cylinder assembly consists of an upper cylinder cover (10), a first sealing ring (11), a left cylinder body (12), a left piston (13), a stay bar (14), a guide plate (15), a lower cylinder cover (16), a second sealing ring (18), a right cylinder body (27), a third sealing ring (28), a fourth sealing ring (29) and a right piston (30);

the left cylinder body (12) and the right cylinder body (27) are respectively positioned by a cylindrical pin I (43), a bolt I (42) is fixed on the guide plate (15), and a left-right gap, a four-way chute (46) and a four-way bent R-angle structure (47) are formed after assembly; the cylinder body left (12), the cylinder body right (27) and the guide plate (15) are respectively provided with a group of protruding ribs, gaps formed between the surfaces of the corresponding ribs after assembly are consistent with the thicknesses of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30), the piston is arranged in a chute (46) and the gaps formed by the ribs, the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are of a strip-shaped structure formed by overlapping a plurality of layers of alloy thin steel plates with different thicknesses, the rigidity and the bending performance are realized, and each layer of thin steel plate is made of a material with high strength and good bending resistance and flexibility;

the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder assembly is divided into three independent sealed cavities A, B, C by a left piston (13) and a right piston (30), wherein A, C cavities are communicated with each other through a pipeline (25), and the three cavity connecting pipelines (25) of A, B, C are communicated with or closed by high-pressure liquid (36) of a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve (31), an oil tank (34), a pressure reducing valve (32), a stop valve (33) and a piston type energy accumulator (35);

the power control assembly consists of a travel switch I (17), a travel switch II (24), a pipeline (25), a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve (31), a pressure reducing valve (32), a stop valve (33), a pressure gauge (38) and an oil tank (34);

the crank slide block assembly consists of a Qu Zhouke left part (1), a crank shell right part (2), a crank shaft (3), a connecting rod (4), a stabilizer bar I (5), a slide block I (6), a bolt I (7), a fixing plate I (8), a bolt II (9), a tail cylinder shell (19), a slide block II (20), a bolt III (21), a fixing plate II (22), a stabilizer bar II (23) and a bolt IV (26);

the crank block assembly is positioned by using a cylindrical pin II (41), a bolt II (9) is fixedly connected to an upper cylinder cover (10) of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, a tail cylinder shell (19) is positioned by using the cylindrical pin II (41), the bolt II (9) is fixedly connected to a lower cylinder cover (16), a left side (1) of Qu Zhouke is arranged, a right side (2) of the crank block assembly is positioned by using the cylindrical pin II (41) after the crank shaft (3), the connecting rod (4), the first sliding block (6) and the first stabilizing rod (5) are assembled, the bolt II (9) is fixedly connected with each other, the crank block assembly is fixedly positioned by using the cylindrical pin II (41) after being assembled, the bolt II (9) is fixedly connected to the upper cylinder cover (10) of the hydraulic cylinder assembly, the tail cylinder shell (19) is fixedly positioned by using the cylindrical pin II (41), and the bolt II (9) is fixedly connected to the lower cylinder cover (16);

the upper end and the lower end of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are designed to be thicker surface thin steel plates which are slightly longer than those of the inner thin steel plates, after the thick surface thin steel plates at the two ends of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are welded with thin steel plates which are perpendicular to the thick surface thin steel plates and are made of the same materials and have the same thickness, the upper end clamps of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are fastened on the first sliding block (6) through bolts (7) and fixing plates (8), the lower end clamps of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are fastened on the second sliding block (20) through bolts (21) and fixing plates (8), the sections of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are in an oblong shape, the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are sealed with the upper cylinder cover (10) at a cylinder opening through sealing rings (39), and the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are sealed with the lower cylinder cover (16) at a sealing cylinder opening through sealing rings (28); the belt structures of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are in a hydraulic cylinder assembly and are constrained by a left clearance and a right clearance formed by a left cylinder (12), a right cylinder (27) and a guide plate (15), four sliding grooves (46) and four R-angle structures (47), a variable cross-section structure with a small upper part and a large lower part is formed in the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder in the vertical direction, a stop valve (33) is opened, high-pressure liquid (36) of a piston accumulator (35) is connected, a valve core of a pressure reducing valve (32) is regulated, a liquid inlet of a A, C cavity of a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve (31) is opened, a liquid return port is closed, a A, C cavity is in a high-pressure state, a liquid inlet of a B cavity is closed, a liquid return port is opened, a B cavity is in a low-pressure state of the air, the high-pressure liquid (36) transmits pressure force to the left piston (13) and the left outer surface and the right outer surface of the piston (30), namely, the pressure force acts on axial projection a and B surfaces of the variable cross section of the piston, the direction of the force is downward, the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are enabled to move, the first moving direction and the sliding block and the second moving direction of the piston slide block is adjusted, the first moving direction and second moving direction of the electromagnetic valve (3) drives the first moving direction and the second moving direction (4) and the second moving direction (24) to enable the crank shaft (3) to rotate, and second moving direction B to be opened and second moving direction opening (24) to be closed, and second opening (24) to be opened when the second opening and second opening is closed, the high-pressure liquid (36) applies a strong pressurizing force to the inner surfaces of the left piston (13) and the right piston (30), namely, the pressure force acts on the axial projection a and the axial projection b of the variable cross section of the piston, the direction of the force is upward, the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are made to do reverse motion, namely, the pistons do reciprocating rectilinear motion, the crankshaft (3) continuously rotate in the same direction, when the second sliding block (20) touches the first travel switch (17), the above motion is repeated to form a cycle, the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are pulled to the first sliding block (6) and pushed to the second sliding block (20), otherwise, the left piston (13) and the right piston (30) are pushed to the first sliding block (6) and pulled to the second sliding block (20).

2. The air pressure engine of claim 1, wherein: the stay bar (14) is designed into a stepped shaft structure, threads are machined at two ends of the stay bar, the upper end of the stay bar is connected with the first sliding block (6), the lower end of the stay bar is connected with the second sliding block (20), and the stay bar is sealed with the upper end cover (10) and the lower end cover (16) at a cylinder opening by using the fourth sealing ring (29).

3. The air pressure engine of claim 1, wherein: the pressure value of the high-pressure gas (37) is determined according to the strength of the whole hydraulic cylinder assembly, and the pressure value of the high-pressure gas (37) is lower than the tensile strength of the whole hydraulic cylinder assembly.

4. The air pressure engine of claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure liquid (36) and the high-pressure gas (37) have small consumption and leakage in the use process, and the high-pressure liquid (36) and the high-pressure gas (37) need to be supplemented.

5. The air pressure engine of claim 1, wherein: the pressure reducing valve (32) is opened by manpower or mechanical force, the valve core position is adjusted, high-pressure liquid (36) in the piston type accumulator (35) is connected, the pressure in the A, C cavity and the pressure in the B cavity are sequentially changed, the piston obtains different power, and the crankshaft (3) outputs variable torque.