CN114961845B - Gob carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining - Google Patents
Gob carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/16—Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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Abstract
The invention relates to a goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, and belongs to the field of carbon dioxide sequestration of metal mines. Mining the side wall of the current layered ore body according to a return-font approach, and sealing the side walls except the connecting roadway by using an airtight material; mining internal ore bodies by a layering approach filling method, filling reserved empty areas at intervals by using a tailing cemented filling body by a downward layering method, and filling the reserved empty areas at intervals by using the tailing cemented filling body and waste rocks by an upward layering method; when the current layering operation is finished, erecting CO from a dead zone or a waste rock filling zone to a sectional transportation roadway in a connecting roadway 2 The pipeline is used for sealing the communication lane by using an airtight material; when the current middle section operation is finished, the trapped CO is 2 The CO is injected into a dead zone or a waste rock filling zone through a pipeline arranged along the return air path and increases along with the mining depth and the ground temperature 2 And sealing in gas state to supercritical state for long time. The method is simple to operate and low in cost, and has important significance for sustainable utilization of underground space of the mine and green mining.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, and belongs to the field of carbon dioxide sequestration of metal mines.
Background
At present, the main places for geological utilization and sealing of carbon dioxide are deep saline water layers and oil-gas fields; the oil-gas field mainly carries out oil displacement/gas production increase, and the storage amount is small; the deep saline water layer has great potential for sequestration, but available CO 2 The sealing space is only 2-3%, and the well construction cost is huge. By 2050, CO 2 Sequestration capacity will need to increase from about 4000 to over 56 million metric tons per year, potentially requiring capital investment of approximately $ 1.3 trillion, depending on conventional geological resources such as deep salt water layers, oil and gas fields, and the like. This gives a search for low cost, large scale CO 2 The sealing field provides challenges and creates new opportunities.
The total goaf of the metal-nonmetal (non-coal) underground mine of China is 12.8 hundred million m by the end of 2015 3 About 72 hundred million m of underground space resources of abandoned coal mine in 2020 3 . Fully utilizes mine goaf resources as CO 2 Underground sealing service, hopefully greatly improving CO 2 Sealing and storing capacity and reducing sealing and storing cost. Due to the coal bed to CO 2 Has a certain adsorption capacity and CO 2 Has the functions of displacing and increasing coalbed methane, and the goaf carbon sequestration is greatly researched in the field of coal mining, such as a method for storing carbon dioxide gas in a porous medium filled goaf, the publication number is CN 110344877A), and a method for sequestering CO by using the goaf of a coal mine abandoned mine 2 The publication No. CN109812293A, a method for filling mining without isolation coal pillars and constructing a goaf reservoir, the publication No. CN114412464A, and a method for mineralizing and utilizing CO 2 An ecological protective coal mining method for waste gas, publication No. CN113622993A; CO which, however, can be sequestered by adsorption from the coal seam 2 The content is less, the surrounding rock of the coal mine is relatively broken, a large number of goafs collapse after mining, the plugging difficulty of the goafs is high, and CO is easily caused 2 And (4) leakage. The stability of the surrounding rock of the metal mine is generally higher than that of the coal mine, and the tailing cemented filling mining method has the functions of goaf treatment, ground pressure control, surface subsidence control and tailing disposal, and is widely applied to the metal mine. This creates good conditions for carrying out the local filling carbon sealing storage of the goaf in the underground metal mine.
The tailing cemented filling body is one kind of artificial medium with certain strength and is produced through mixing water, cement, tailing and additive, conveying to goaf, and hydration reaction for some time. The main components of the filling body are hydration products and tailing minerals, and CO is generated in the environment without underground water erosion 2 With the hydration product, CO, as shown in formula 1 2 The reaction with basic tailing minerals as shown in the formula 2 can generate high-strength CaCO 3 And silica gel SiO with gelling action 2 ·nH 2 O, thereby reducing the porosity of the filling body, improving the overall strength of the filling body and gradually enhancing the sealing property of the filling body.
(Ca,Mg) x Si y O x+2y+z H 2z (s)+xCO 2 (g)→x(Ca,Mg)CO 3 (s)+ySiO 2 ·zH 2 O(am)
Method for cemented filling by tailing carbonization (authorization notice No. CN 113213829B) by utilizing CO 2 Reaction mechanism with filler, providing that CO is introduced into pipeline buried in filler 2 Method for mineralizing and curing a pack, but this method does not provide CO 2 Sealing space, CO which can be sealed in short time by only mineralizing and fixing carbon 2 The amount is small, and the emission reduction efficiency is low.
In addition, a method for storing carbon dioxide gas in a goaf filled with porous media (authorization notice number CN 110344877B) and a method for storing CO in the goaf of a coal mine abandoned mine 2 The method (the publication No. CN109812293A is not authorized), the method for filling mining without isolating coal pillars and constructing a goaf reservoir (the publication No. CN114412464A is not authorized), and the method for mineralizing and utilizing CO 2 Although a series of patents such as an ecological waste gas protective coal mining method (which is not authorized by the publication number CN 113622993A) and the like propose methods for reserving a vacant area, the methods aim at a thin-layer horizontal (or slowly inclined) ore body such as a coal mine, a metal ore deposit is generally steeply inclined and greatly extends in the depth direction, and the mining method is greatly different from the coal mining method. Moreover, the method for storing carbon dioxide gas in the goaf filled with the porous medium (No. CN 110344877B) adopts the process flow of pouring the porous medium filler by a mould and then building the filling strip, which cannot be realized by the existing filling system. Therefore, the above invention is not suitable for the carbon sequestration of the goaf of the metal mine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the safe and low-cost method for sealing and storing the carbon in the tailings cemented local filling goaf by combining carbon emission reduction and goaf filling treatment is provided, and the tailings cemented filling body is used for locally filling the goaf to construct CO in the underground metal ore 2 Long term sequestration of sites while utilizing CO 2 Reacting with the tailings cemented filling body to remove CO 2 The carbon fiber is permanently fixed in the filling body, so that the atmospheric carbon emission is reduced, the strength of the filling body can be improved, and the stability of an underground space is maintained. In addition, the invention is combined with a layered access filling mining method commonly adopted by metal ore mining, does not need to change the original filling system of the mine, is easy to realize and has less additional cost expenditure.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention discloses a goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, which comprises the following steps:
on the basis of stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, a sealing layer is built on the boundary of an ore body of a metal ore by using an airtight material to seal the whole goaf, a high-strength tailing cemented filling body on a side, an artificial false roof or an artificial false bottom and a tailing cemented filling body filled in the goaf at intervals are used for supporting the whole frame of the goaf, and CO is reserved in the goaf according to the on-site situation 2 Sealing off dead zones or highly porous CO 2 Sealing waste rock filling area, carbon sealing initial stage using pipeline to CO 2 Sealing off dead zone or CO 2 Filling CO into the waste rock sealing and storing filling area 2 By means of gas-tight material at the boundary of ore body 2 Sealed in the goaf along with CO sealed in the goaf 2 Diffusing into the tailing cemented filling body, reacting with basic tailing and cement hydration products in the tailing cemented filling body, consuming CO 2 While simultaneously generating high-strength calcium carbonate CaCO 3 And silica gel SiO with gelling effect 2 ·nH 2 O, thereby improving the overall strength and the air tightness of the tailing cemented filling body, reducing the porosity of the tailing cemented filling body and realizing large-scale, long-term and safe carbon sealing;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
Furthermore, the middle section, segmentation and layering of the ore body are divided in the mining process, and the mining and filling sequence along the depth direction of the ore body is completely consistent with the layered access filling mining method; the layered approach is divided into two side wall approaches on the boundary of the surrounding rock and the ore body and an internal approach of the ore body, the operation mode of the layered approach is to mine and seal the side walls according to the square-shaped sequence, mine and fill the internal approach according to the principle that the two side approaches of the ore body are gradually pushed to the approach in the middle of the ore body, and if the two side approaches of the ore body need to reserve CO, CO is reserved 2 Sealing off dead zones or high porosity CO 2 The approach of the waste rock filling area is sealed, the approach is skipped first, the next approach is mined and filled, and when CO is required to be reserved 2 Sealing off dead zones or high porosity CO 2 After the two side approaches of the approach of the waste rock sealing and filling area are all filled, the approach is mined, and then the space is reserved or waste rock is filled to form CO 2 Sealing empty areaOr CO of high porosity 2 And sealing the waste rock filling area.
Further, the method for closing the side walls except the connecting roadway by using the airtight material comprises the following steps: filling the outer side of the side slope approach close to the surrounding rock by adopting a high-strength tailing cemented filling body, filling the inner side of the side slope approach close to the ore body by adopting an airtight material, and reserving 1/10 side slope approach width between the airtight material and the non-mined ore blocks inside as an isolation space for ore caving impact to protect the filling bodies and the sealing material on the two sides; the method for sealing the side connecting roadway by using the airtight material comprises the following steps: and filling the inner side of the side, close to the ore body, of the layered connection roadway with an airtight material, filling the outer side of the side, close to the surrounding rock, of the layered connection roadway with a high-strength tailing cemented filling body, and filling all the connection roadways of the stope with the tailing cemented filling body.
Further, an airtight artificial false roof and an airtight artificial false bottom are required to be arranged on the top part layer and the bottom part layer of the ore body respectively, when a downward layering approach filling method is selected for mining, an airtight artificial false roof is required to be arranged on the top of each middle section, if an upward layering approach filling method is selected for mining, an airtight artificial false bottom is required to be arranged on the bottom of each middle section, and a stable carbon sealing unit structure taking the middle section as a unit is formed by combining an airtight artificial false roof and an airtight artificial false bottom with a side wall and a high-strength tailing cemented filling body.
Further, captured CO 2 From four discharge sources of electric power, cement, steel and chemical industry; captured CO 2 Through surface CO arranged near the return air shaft 2 The pump station is connected to the CO at the junction of the segmented transportation roadway and the stope connecting roadway along the return air shaft and the return air roadway through pipelines 2 Pipeline of CO 2 Injecting into dead zone or waste rock filling zone to avoid CO 2 Pipeline leakage pollutes fresh air flow.
Further, CO 2 CO of pipeline 2 The conveying pressure is controlled to maintain the stability of the side air-tight material and the high-strength tailing cemented filling body and simultaneously locally tear CO 2 Sealing off empty areas or CO 2 Level of tailings cemented filling body around the sealing waste rock filling area, wherein gaseous CO 2 The pressure can be reduced to below 1MPa,is suitable for goaf with ore body burial depth less than 100m and lower ground stress and surrounding rock strength in the initial mining period, and can gradually increase the charged CO with the increase of the mining depth, the ground stress and the surrounding rock strength 2 Pressure, when the ground temperature of the stratum where the goaf is located is more than 31 ℃ and the mining depth is more than 800m, the supercritical state CO sealing and storage is considered 2 。
Further, CO near the junction of stope connecting roadway and segment haulage roadway 2 The pipeline is provided with CO 2 A pressure sensor, a gas-tight valve and a flange interface; when CO is present 2 After the injection operation is finished, the airtight valve is closed, the flange connector is loosened, and the flange connector is sealed to block CO 2 Sealing zone or CO 2 Sealing the communicated pipeline of the waste rock filling area and conveying CO on the current segmental transportation lane 2 The pipeline is recovered on the next subsection transportation lane for reuse and is subjected to CO treatment on the ground surface 2 Rest CO from pump station to current segment 2 The pipeline is kept still and extends downwards to the next section; CO 2 2 Pressure sensor monitoring CO during sequestration 2 Sealing off empty areas or CO 2 Sequestration of CO in waste rock fill zones 2 The pressure changes.
Further, setting CO at intervals of a subsection height distance in the surrounding rock near the ore body side 2 Concentration sensor for CO 2 Leakage early warning; if there is no significant CO during the sealing period 2 Leakage and detection of CO 2 Sealing off empty areas or CO 2 Sealing off CO in waste rock filling area 2 The slow drop in the pressure sensor reading indicates CO 2 With the filler undergoing a mineralization reaction when CO 2 The pressure is reduced to 75% of the set pressure, and the CO can be reconnected by using the airtight valve and the flange interface 2 The gas source is CO 2 Sealing off empty areas or CO 2 And (5) sealing and storing the filling area of the waste rocks for pressure compensation.
Furthermore, the tailing cemented filling slurry used by the tailing cemented filling body comprises mine tailing, portland cement or fly ash and steel slag-doped composite portland cement, water and an additive, the concentration of the filling slurry is more than 70 percent, and the 3d strength is more than 1MPa; the mass ratio of the ash to the sand in the tailing cemented filling body used in the downward stratified filling method is more than 1:6,28d strength greater than 3.5MPa; the mass ratio of the sand to the ash in the tailing cemented filling body of the upward layered filling method is more than 1:8,28d strength greater than 2MPa; the mass ratio of the ash to the sand in the high-strength tailing cemented filling body outside the filling side drift and the layered connection roadway is more than 1:4,28d strength is greater than 5MPa.
Further, the airtight material comprises airtight concrete, asphalt-based airtight filling materials and mining filling and sealing materials; the air-tight artificial false roof and the air-tight artificial false bottom comprise air-tight concrete, a composite structure of concrete and asphalt-based air-tight filling materials and a composite structure of concrete and mining filling sealing materials.
Has the advantages that:
the method has the following technical advantages that 1) the tailing cemented filling body is utilized to partially fill the goaf to construct CO in the underground metal ore 2 Sealing off the place to realize CO 2 Efficient, large-scale, long-term physical sequestration; 2) By using CO 2 Reacting with the tailings cemented filling body to remove CO 2 Fixed in a filling body to realize CO 2 Permanent, stable chemical sealing; 3) By using CO 2 The reaction with the tailing cemented filling body gradually reduces the porosity of the filling body, improves the strength of the filling body, and ensures the stability of the underground space and the sealing structure; 4) The method is combined with a layered approach filling mining method commonly adopted by metal mining, an original filling system of a mine is not required to be changed, the method is easy to realize, and the extra cost expenditure is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic plan view of a downward layered filling mining gob carbon sequestration along the trend of an ore body;
FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic view of a section along the thickness of an ore body for carbon sequestration in a gob of a downward stratified filling mining;
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic view of a carbon sequestration mining and filling sequence for a D1-D1 cross-sectional area of FIG. 1 (b) utilizing the goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is a schematic view of a carbon sequestration mining and packing sequence for the section area E1-E1 of FIG. 1 (b) utilizing the goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic plan view of carbon sequestration along the trend of an ore body in an upward layered filling mining gob;
FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic view of a section along the thickness of an ore body for carbon sequestration in an upward stratified filling mined-out gob;
FIG. 4 (a) is a schematic representation of a carbon sequestration mining and packing sequence for the D2-D2 cross-sectional area of FIG. 3 (b) utilizing the goaf carbon sequestration method of the present invention based on stratified approach tailing cemented fill mining;
FIG. 4 (b) is a schematic view of a carbon sequestration mining and filling sequence for the E2-E2 profile area of FIG. 3 (b) utilizing the goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a gas-tight material; 2. CO 2 2 Sealing and storing the empty area; 3. CO 2 2 Sealing a waste rock filling area; 4. cementing a filling body by using tailings; 5. high-strength tailings cemented filling; 6. an air-tight artificial false roof; 7. an air-tight artificial false bottom; 8. a segmented transportation lane; 9. CO 2 2 A pipeline; 10. connecting roadways in the stope; 11. layered connection lanes; 12. an ore body.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical means and methods adopted by the present invention, the following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention relates to a goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, which comprises the steps of constructing a sealing layer on the boundary of an ore body 12 of a metal ore by using an airtight material 1 to seal the whole goaf on the basis of the stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, supporting a goaf integral frame by using a high-strength side tailing cemented filling body 5, an artificial false roof 6 or an artificial false bottom 7 and a tailing cemented filling body 4 filled in the goaf at intervals, and reserving CO (carbon monoxide) in the goaf according to the field condition 2 Sealing of dead zone 2 or high porosity CO 2 Sealing waste rock filling area 3, carbon sealing initial stage using pipeline to CO 2 Sealing of 2 or CO in the empty space 2 Filling CO into the sealed waste rock filling area 3 2 By means of a gas-tight material 1 at the boundary of the ore body 12 for CO 2 Sealed in the goaf, along with CO sealed in the goaf 2 Diffused into the tailing cemented filling body 4 to hydrate basic tailing and cement in the tailing cemented filling body 4Reaction of the reactants, consumption of CO 2 While simultaneously generating high-strength calcium carbonate CaCO 3 And silica gel SiO with gelling effect 2 ·nH 2 O, thereby improving the overall strength and the air tightness of the tailing cemented filling body 4, reducing the porosity of the tailing cemented filling body 4 and realizing large-scale, long-term and safe carbon sealing;
example one
A goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining is combined with a downward stratified filling mining method, and comprises the following specific steps and parameters:
the ore block is divided into three sections, namely, a route width is 4m, a layering height is 3m, each section is three layers and is 9m, and each section is three sections and is 27m high, as shown in fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b). The ratio of the tailings cemented filling body to the sand-lime is 1: and 6, the filling slurry concentration is 75 percent, the 3d strength of the filling body is 1.5MPa, and the 28d strength is 3.5MPa. The ratio of the high-strength tailing cemented filling body to the sand-lime is 1:4, the filling slurry concentration is 75 percent, the 3d strength of the filling body is 2.5MPa, and the 28d strength is 5MPa. And an airtight artificial false roof 6 is constructed at the top of each middle section by adopting airtight concrete, in addition, airtight artificial false roofs 6 and airtight artificial false bottoms 7 are respectively constructed at the inner sides of the top part layer and the bottom part layer of the ore body close to the ore body by adopting airtight concrete, and the edge sides also adopt airtight concrete as airtight filling materials 1.
As shown in fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b), step 1. Firstly, excavating a stope connecting roadway 10, excavating a layered connecting roadway, two-side approach and a side approach parallel to the layered connecting roadway in turn along the stope side in a zigzag manner, then filling the side approach and the two-side approach parallel to the layered connecting roadway in turn, and leaving the stope connecting roadway and the layered connecting roadway to serve the current layers, wherein C0-C11 are stope mining sequences; F0-F11 are the filling sequence of the stope, the construction sequence is C0 → C1 → C2 → C3 → F0 → F1, wherein, the outside of the highwall approach is filled with a high-strength tailing cemented filling body 5, and the inside of the highwall approach is filled with airtight concrete 1;
Example two
A goaf carbon sealing method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining comprises the following specific steps and parameters when being combined with an upward stratified filling mining method:
the ore block is divided into 4m wide, 3m high, three layers per section, 9m high, three sections per section, and 27m high as shown in fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b). The ratio of the tailings cemented filling body to the sand-lime is 1:8, the filling slurry concentration is 75 percent, the 3d strength of the filling body is 1.2MPa, and the 28d strength is 2MPa. The ratio of the high-strength tailing cemented filling body to the mortar is 1:4, the filling slurry concentration is 75 percent, the 3d strength of the filling body is 2.5MPa, and the 28d strength is 5MPa. The filling rate of the waste rocks in the waste rock filling area is 40% -50%, namely 50% -60% of space is reserved in the waste rock filling area for carbon sealing. And the bottom of each middle section adopts airtight concrete to construct an airtight artificial false bottom 7, in addition, the linings of the top part layer and the bottom part layer of the ore body, which are close to the ore body, adopt airtight concrete to respectively construct an airtight artificial false top 6 and an airtight artificial false bottom 7, and the side walls also adopt airtight concrete as airtight filling materials 1.
As shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), step 1. Firstly, excavating a stope connecting roadway 10, excavating a layered connecting roadway, two-side approach and a side approach parallel to the layered connecting roadway in turn along the stope side in a zigzag manner, then filling the side approach and the two-side approach parallel to the layered connecting roadway in turn, and leaving the stope connecting roadway and the layered connecting roadway to serve the current layers, wherein C0-C11 are stope mining sequences; F0-F11 are the filling sequence of the stope, the construction sequence is C0 → C1 → C2 → C3 → F0 → F1, wherein, the outside of the highwall approach is filled with a high-strength tailing cemented filling body 5, and the inside of the highwall approach is filled with airtight concrete 1;
Claims (10)
1. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining is characterized by comprising the following steps: on the basis of stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, a sealing layer is built on the boundary of an ore body (12) of a metal ore by using an airtight material (1) to seal the whole goaf, a high-strength side tailing cemented filling body (5), an airtight artificial false roof (6) or an airtight artificial false bottom (7) and a tailing cemented filling body (4) filled in the goaf at intervals are used for supporting an overall goaf frame, and CO is reserved in the goaf according to the field condition 2 Sealing off dead zone (2) or high porosity CO 2 Sealing waste rock filling area (3), carbon sealing initial stage using pipeline to CO 2 Sealing off empty area (2) or CO 2 CO is filled into the sealed waste rock filling area (3) 2 CO is introduced by means of a gas-tight material (1) at the boundary of the ore body (12) 2 Sealed in the goaf, along with CO sealed in the goaf 2 Diffused into the tailing cemented filling body (4) to react with basic tailing and cement hydration products in the tailing cemented filling body (4) to consume CO 2 While simultaneously generating high-strength calcium carbonate CaCO 3 And silica gel SiO with gelling action 2 ‧nH 2 O, thereby improving the overall strength and the air tightness of the tailing cemented filling body (4), reducing the porosity of the tailing cemented filling body (4), and realizing a large amount of long-term and safe carbon sealing;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, mining the side wall of the current layered ore body in a shape like a Chinese character 'hui', sealing the side wall except for the connection roadway by using an airtight material (1), and reserving a stope connection roadway (10) and a layered connection roadway (11) to serve the currently mined layer;
step 2, mining the internal ore body (12) except the side wall by a layered approach filling method, if the ore body (12) is mined by a downward layered approach filling mining method, filling the mined-out approach at intervals by using tailing cemented filling bodies (4), and reserving CO 2 Sealing the goaf (2), and if an upward layered approach filling mining method is adopted, filling the goaf approach with tailing cemented filling bodies (4) and waste rocks at intervals to form CO 2 Sealing a waste rock filling area (3);
step 3, after the current layered operation is finished, erecting CO in the stope connecting roadway (10) and the layered connecting roadway (11) 2 Sealing off empty area (2) or CO 2 Sealing CO from waste rock filling area (3) to sectional transportation roadway (8) 2 A pipeline (9), and then a stope connecting roadway (10) and a layered connecting roadway (11) are closed by using an airtight material (1);
step 4, repeating the steps 1-3 layer by layer according to the layered mining sequence until the current middle section operation is finished, and collecting the CO 2 By CO arranged along the return air path 2 Pipeline injection of CO 2 Sealing off the empty area (2) or CO 2 Sealing and storing the waste rock filling area (3), and simultaneously transferring the mining operation to the next middle section, wherein CO increases along with the mining depth and the ground temperature 2 And sealing in gas state to supercritical state for long time.
2. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized by: in the mining process, the middle section, the segmentation and the layering of the ore body (12) are divided, and the mining and filling sequence along the depth direction of the ore body is completely consistent with the layered access filling mining method; the layered approach is divided into a side wall approach and an ore body internal approach on the boundary of surrounding rocks and ore bodies, the operation mode of the layered approach is to mine and seal the side wall approach according to the Chinese character 'hui' shape sequence, mine and fill the internal approach according to the principle that the two side approaches of the ore body are gradually pushed to the ore body middle approach, and if the two side approaches of the ore body need to reserve CO, CO is reserved 2 Sealing off empty areas (2) or highly porous CO 2 The approach of the waste rock filling area (3) is sealed, the approach is skipped first, the next approach is mined and filled, and when CO is required to be reserved 2 Sealing off empty areas (2) or highly porous CO 2 After the accesses at the two sides of the access of the sealed waste rock filling area (3) are filled, the access is mined, and then the space is reserved or waste rock is filled to form CO 2 Sealing off empty areas (2) or highly porous CO 2 Sealing and storing the waste rock filling area (3).
3. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized by:
the method for closing the side walls except the connecting roadway by using the airtight material (1) comprises the following steps: filling the outer side of the lateral slope approach side close to the surrounding rock by using high-strength tailing cemented filling bodies (5), filling the inner side of the lateral slope approach side close to the ore body by using airtight materials (1), and reserving 1/10 lateral slope approach width between the airtight materials (1) and the non-mined ore blocks inside as an isolation space for ore caving impact to protect the filling bodies and sealing materials on the two sides;
the method for sealing the side connecting roadway by using the airtight material (1) comprises the following steps: the inner side of the layered connection roadway (11) close to the side of the ore body is filled with airtight materials (1), the outer side of the layered connection roadway (11) close to the side of the surrounding rock is filled with high-strength tailing cemented filling bodies (5), and the stope connection roadway (10) is completely filled with tailing cemented filling bodies (4).
4. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized by:
ore body (12) top part layer and bottom part layer need set up artifical false top of gas tightness (6) and artifical false bottom of gas tightness (7) respectively, adopt down to the layering approach filling method to exploit when the selection, need set up artifical false top of gas tightness (6) at every middle section top, if select to adopt upward layering approach filling method to exploit, need set up artifical false bottom of gas tightness (7) at every middle section bottom, through artifical false top of gas tightness (6) and artifical false bottom of gas tightness (7), combine limit airtight material (1) and high strength tailings cemented filling body (5), form the stable carbon that uses the middle section as the unit and seal up the unit structure.
5. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: captured CO 2 From four discharge sources of electric power, cement, steel and chemical industry; captured CO 2 Through surface CO arranged near the return air shaft 2 A pump station connected to the CO at the junction of the sectional transportation roadway (8) and the stope connecting roadway (10) along the return air shaft and the return air roadway through pipelines 2 A pipeline (9) for introducing CO 2 CO injection 2 Sealing the empty area (2) or the waste rock filling area (3) to avoid CO 2 The pipeline (9) leaks polluted fresh air flow.
6. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: CO 2 2 CO of the pipe (9) 2 The conveying pressure is controlled to maintain the air tightness of the sideThe material (1) and the high-strength tailing cemented filling body (5) are stable and simultaneously have partial tearing of CO 2 Sealing off empty area (2) or CO 2 Sealing the level of the tailings cemented filling body (4) around the filling zone (3) for the barren rocks, wherein gaseous CO 2 The pressure can be reduced to below 1MPa, the method is suitable for a goaf with the burial depth of an ore body (12) being less than 100m and the ground stress and the surrounding rock strength being lower in the initial mining period, and the CO filled in can be gradually improved along with the increase of the mining depth, the ground stress and the surrounding rock strength 2 Pressure, when the ground temperature of the stratum where the goaf is located is more than 31 ℃ and the mining depth is more than 800m, the supercritical state CO sequestration is considered 2 。
7. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized by: CO near the junction of the stope connecting roadway (10) and the segment haulage roadway (8) 2 The pipeline (9) is provided with CO 2 A pressure sensor, a gas-tight valve and a flange interface; when CO is present 2 After the injection operation is finished, the airtight valve is closed, the flange connector is loosened, and then the flange is used for sealing the connector to block CO 2 Sealing off empty area (2) or CO 2 Sealing the pipeline communicated with the waste rock filling area (3) and filling the CO on the current segmental transportation lane 2 The pipeline is recovered on the next subsection transportation roadway for reuse by using ground surface CO 2 Pumping station to other CO in current section 2 The pipeline is kept still and extends downwards to the next subsection; CO 2 2 Pressure sensor monitoring CO during sequestration 2 Sealing off empty area (2) or CO 2 Sealing off CO in the filling area (3) for waste rock 2 The pressure changes.
8. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized by: setting CO at intervals of one subsection height distance in surrounding rock near the ore body side 2 Concentration sensor for CO 2 Leakage early warning; if no CO is evident during the sealing period 2 Leakage and detection of CO 2 Sealing off empty area (2) or CO 2 Sealing off CO in the waste rock filling zone (3) 2 Pressure sensor readingThe slow decrease of the number indicates CO 2 With the filler undergoing a mineralization reaction when CO 2 The pressure is reduced to 75% of the set pressure, and the CO can be reconnected by using the airtight valve and the flange interface 2 The gas source is CO 2 Sealing off the empty area (2) or CO 2 Sealing the waste rock filling area (3) for pressure compensation.
9. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized by: the tailing cemented filling slurry used by the tailing cemented filling body (4) comprises mine tailing, portland cement or fly ash, steel slag composite portland cement, water and an additive, the concentration of the filling slurry is more than 70 percent, and the 3d strength is more than 1MPa; the mass ratio of the sand to the ash in the tailing cemented filling body (4) used in the downward layered filling method is more than 1:6,28 d Strength greater than 3.5MPa; the mass ratio of the ash to the sand in the tailing cemented filling body (4) of the upward layered filling method is more than 1: the strength of 8,28 d is more than 2MPa; the mass ratio of the ash to the sand in the high-strength tailing cemented filling body (5) outside the filling side drift and the layered connection roadway is more than 1: the 4,28 d strength is greater than 5MPa.
10. The goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the airtight material (1) comprises airtight concrete, asphalt-based airtight filling materials and mining filling airtight materials;
the air-tight artificial false roof (6) and the air-tight artificial false bottom (7) comprise air-tight concrete, a composite structure of concrete and asphalt-based air-tight filling materials and a composite structure of concrete and mining filling sealing materials.
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