CN114961845B - A method for carbon sequestration in gobs based on layered tailings cemented filling mining - Google Patents

A method for carbon sequestration in gobs based on layered tailings cemented filling mining Download PDF

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CN114961845B
CN114961845B CN202210690965.2A CN202210690965A CN114961845B CN 114961845 B CN114961845 B CN 114961845B CN 202210690965 A CN202210690965 A CN 202210690965A CN 114961845 B CN114961845 B CN 114961845B
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CN114961845A (en
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缪秀秀
吴爱祥
尹升华
李晓昭
王勃
刘盛东
吴疆宇
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/005Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21FSAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/16Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
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Abstract

The invention relates to a goaf carbon sequestration method based on stratified approach tailing cemented filling mining, and belongs to the field of carbon dioxide sequestration of metal mines. Mining the side wall of the current layered ore body according to a return-font approach, and sealing the side walls except the connecting roadway by using an airtight material; mining internal ore bodies by a layering approach filling method, filling reserved empty areas at intervals by using a tailing cemented filling body by a downward layering method, and filling the reserved empty areas at intervals by using the tailing cemented filling body and waste rocks by an upward layering method; when the current layering operation is finished, erecting CO from a dead zone or a waste rock filling zone to a sectional transportation roadway in a connecting roadway 2 The pipeline is used for sealing the communication lane by using an airtight material; when the current middle section operation is finished, the trapped CO is 2 The CO is injected into a dead zone or a waste rock filling zone through a pipeline arranged along the return air path and increases along with the mining depth and the ground temperature 2 And sealing in gas state to supercritical state for long time. The method is simple to operate and low in cost, and has important significance for sustainable utilization of underground space of the mine and green mining.

Description

一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法A method for carbon sequestration in gobs based on layered tailings cemented filling mining

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,属于金属矿山的二氧化碳封存领域。The invention relates to a goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining, which belongs to the field of carbon dioxide sequestration in metal mines.

背景技术Background technique

目前,二氧化碳地质利用与封存的主要场所为深部咸水层和油气田;其中,油气田主要开展驱油/气增采,封存量较小;深部咸水层的封存潜力大,但有效CO2封存空间也仅为2-3%,而且井建施工耗资巨大。到2050年,CO2封存能力将需要从约4000万公吨/年增加到超过56亿公吨/年,依靠深部咸水层、油气田等常规地质资源,可能需要近1.3万亿美元的资本投入。这给寻找低成本、大规模的CO2封存场地提出了挑战,也创造了新机遇。At present, the main sites for geological utilization and storage of carbon dioxide are deep saline water formations and oil and gas fields; among them, oil and gas fields mainly carry out oil flooding/gas recovery, and the storage volume is small; deep saline water formations have great storage potential, but the effective CO 2 storage space Also only 2-3%, and well construction costs a lot. By 2050, CO2 storage capacity will need to increase from about 40 million metric tons/year to more than 5.6 billion metric tons/year, relying on conventional geological resources such as deep saline aquifers, oil and gas fields, and may require nearly $1.3 trillion in capital investment. This poses challenges and creates new opportunities for finding low-cost, large-scale CO2 storage sites.

至2015年底我国金属非金属(非煤)地下矿山共有采空区12.8亿m3,2020年废弃煤矿地下空间资源约72亿m3。充分利用矿山采空区资源为CO2地下封存服务,有望大大提高CO2封存能力、降低封存成本。由于煤层对CO2具有一定吸附能力,且CO2具有驱替、增采煤层气的作用,采空区碳封存在煤矿开采领域被大量研究,如在多孔介质充填的采空区内存储二氧化碳气体的方法,公开号CN110344877A)、一种利用煤矿废弃矿井采空区封存CO2的方法,公开号CN109812293A、一种无隔离煤柱充填开采与构建采空区储库的方法,公开号CN114412464A、矿化利用CO2废气生态保护性采煤方法,公开号CN113622993A;然而依靠煤层吸附作用可封存的CO2含量少,且煤矿围岩较为破碎,大量空区在开采后坍塌,采空区封堵难度大,容易造成CO2泄露。金属矿围岩稳定性普遍比煤矿高,且尾砂胶结充填采矿法兼具采空区治理、地压控制、地表沉陷控制、尾砂处置的作用,在金属矿山得到广泛应用。这为在地下金属矿开展采空区局部充填碳封存创造了良好条件。By the end of 2015, China's metal and non-metal (non-coal) underground mines had a total of 1.28 billion m 3 of gobs, and the underground space resources of abandoned coal mines in 2020 were about 7.2 billion m 3 . Making full use of mine goaf resources to serve for CO 2 underground storage is expected to greatly improve CO 2 storage capacity and reduce storage costs. Because coal seams have a certain adsorption capacity for CO 2 , and CO 2 has the effect of displacing and increasing coalbed methane, carbon sequestration in goafs has been extensively studied in the field of coal mining, such as storing carbon dioxide in goafs filled with porous media Gas method, publication number CN110344877A), a method for sequestering CO in abandoned coal mine goafs, publication number CN109812293A, a method for non-isolated coal pillar filling mining and construction of goaf storage, publication number CN114412464A, Mineralization utilizes CO 2 waste gas ecological protection coal mining method, public number CN113622993A; however, the CO 2 content that can be stored by coal seam adsorption is small, and the surrounding rock of the coal mine is relatively broken, and a large number of goafs collapse after mining, and the gobs are blocked Difficulty, easy to cause CO2 leakage. The surrounding rock stability of metal mines is generally higher than that of coal mines, and the tailings cemented filling mining method has the functions of goaf control, ground pressure control, surface subsidence control, and tailings disposal, and has been widely used in metal mines. This has created good conditions for the partial filling of gobs in underground metal mines for carbon sequestration.

尾砂胶结充填体,是一种由水、水泥、尾砂和添加剂混合的具有一定流动性的料浆,输送至采空区,经过一段时间水化反应,固结成具有一定强度的人工介质体。充填体的主要成分为水化产物和尾砂矿物,无地下水侵蚀环境下,CO2与水化产物发生如式1所示的反应,CO2与基性尾砂矿物发生如式2所示的反应,均可生成高强度的CaCO3和具有胶凝作用的硅胶SiO2·nH2O,从而降低充填体孔隙度,提高充填体整体强度,并可逐渐增强充填体密封性。Tailings cemented filling body is a kind of slurry with a certain fluidity mixed with water, cement, tailings and additives, which is transported to the goaf, and after a period of hydration reaction, it is consolidated into an artificial medium with a certain strength body. The main components of the filling body are hydration products and tailings minerals. In the absence of groundwater erosion, CO 2 reacts with hydration products as shown in Formula 1, and CO 2 reacts with basic tailings minerals as shown in Formula 2. The reaction can generate high-strength CaCO 3 and silica gel SiO 2 ·nH 2 O with gelling effect, thereby reducing the porosity of the filling body, improving the overall strength of the filling body, and gradually enhancing the sealing performance of the filling body.

Figure BDA0003699727460000011
Figure BDA0003699727460000011

(Ca,Mg)xSiyOx+2y+zH2z(s)+xCO2(g)→x(Ca,Mg)CO3(s)+ySiO2·zH2O(am)(Ca,Mg) x Si y O x+2y+z H 2z (s)+xCO 2 (g)→x(Ca,Mg)CO 3 (s)+ySiO 2 zH 2 O(am)

一种尾砂碳化胶结充填的方法(授权公告号CN113213829B)利用CO2与充填体的反应机制,提出在充填体内埋设管道通入CO2矿化养护充填体的方法,但是该方法并不提供CO2封存空间,单纯依靠矿化固碳在短时间可封存的CO2量少,减排效率低。A tailings carbonization cemented filling method (authorized announcement number CN113213829B) utilizes the reaction mechanism between CO2 and the filling body, and proposes a method of embedding a pipeline in the filling body to feed CO2 into the filling body for mineralization and maintenance, but this method does not provide CO 2 For the storage space, the amount of CO 2 that can be stored in a short period of time by simply relying on mineralized carbon fixation is small, and the emission reduction efficiency is low.

此外,多孔介质充填的采空区内存储二氧化碳气体的方法(授权公告号CN110344877B)、一种利用煤矿废弃矿井采空区封存CO2的方法(公开号CN109812293A未授权)、一种无隔离煤柱充填开采与构建采空区储库的方法(公开号CN114412464A未授权)和矿化利用CO2废气生态保护性采煤方法(公开号CN113622993A未授权)等一系列专利,尽管都提出了预留空区的方法,但都是针对煤矿这类薄层水平(或缓倾斜)矿体,金属矿床一般为急倾斜,在深度方向延伸大,采矿方法与煤矿开采差异大。而且,多孔介质充填的采空区内存储二氧化碳气体的方法(授权公告号CN110344877B)采用模具浇筑多孔介质充填体再砌筑充填条带的工艺流程无法通过现行充填系统实现。因此,以上发明并不适用于金属矿采空区碳封存。In addition, a method for storing carbon dioxide gas in goafs filled with porous media (authorized announcement number CN110344877B), a method for sequestering CO2 in goafs of abandoned coal mines (publication number CN109812293A unauthorized), a coal pillar-free A series of patents such as the method for backfill mining and construction of goaf storage (publication number CN114412464A unauthorized) and ecological protection coal mining method for mineralization and utilization of CO2 waste gas (publication number CN113622993A unauthorized), although they all propose to reserve However, they are all aimed at thin horizontal (or gently inclined) ore bodies such as coal mines. Metal deposits are generally steeply inclined and extend greatly in the depth direction. The mining methods are quite different from coal mining. Moreover, the method for storing carbon dioxide gas in gobs filled with porous media (authorized notification number CN110344877B) adopts the technological process of pouring porous media filling bodies and then masonry filling strips using molds, which cannot be realized through the current filling system. Therefore, the above invention is not suitable for carbon sequestration in goafs of metal mines.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种结合碳减排、采空区充填治理的安全、低成本的尾砂胶结局部充填采空区碳封存方法,利用尾砂胶结充填体局部充填采空区在地下金属矿构建CO2长期封存场所,同时利用CO2与尾砂胶结充填体反应,将CO2永久固定在充填体中,降低大气碳排量,还能提高充填体强度,维持地下空间稳定性。此外,本发明与金属矿开采普遍采用的分层进路充填采矿方法结合,无需改变矿山原有的充填系统,易于实现,额外成本支出少。In view of the deficiencies of the above existing technologies, a safe and low-cost carbon sequestration method of tailings cemented filling gobs is provided, which combines carbon emission reduction and goaf filling treatment, and uses tailings cemented filling bodies to partially fill gobs Build long-term CO2 storage sites in underground metal mines, and use CO2 to react with tailings cemented filling bodies to permanently fix CO2 in the filling body, reduce atmospheric carbon emissions, increase the strength of the filling body, and maintain the stability of the underground space sex. In addition, the present invention is combined with the layered approach filling mining method commonly used in metal ore mining, without changing the original filling system of the mine, which is easy to implement and requires little extra cost.

为实现上述技术目的,本发明的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,步骤如下:In order to achieve the above-mentioned technical purpose, a goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining of the present invention, the steps are as follows:

在分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿基础上,利用气密材料在金属矿的矿体边界建设密封层封闭整个采空区,利用边帮高强度尾砂胶结充填体、人工假顶或人工假底以及采空区内间隔充填的尾砂胶结充填体支撑采空区整体框架,根据实地情况在采空区预留CO2封存空区或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区,碳封存初期利用管路向CO2封存空区或CO2封存废石充填区充入CO2,依靠矿体边界上的气密材料把CO2密封在采空区内,随着空区内封存的CO2扩散进入尾砂胶结充填体,与尾砂胶结充填体中的基性尾砂和水泥水化产物反应,消耗CO2的同时生成高强度的碳酸钙CaCO3和具有胶凝作用的硅胶SiO2·nH2O,从而提高尾砂胶结充填体整体强度和气密性,降低尾砂胶结充填体孔隙度,实现大量、长期且安全的碳封存;On the basis of layered tailings cemented filling mining, airtight materials are used to build a sealing layer at the ore body boundary of the metal mine to seal the entire goaf, and high-strength tailings are used to cement the filling body, artificial false roof or artificial false roof. The tailing sand cemented filling bodies filled at intervals in the bottom and goaf support the overall frame of the goaf, and reserve CO 2 storage goafs or high-porosity CO 2 storage waste rock filling areas in the goaf according to field conditions, carbon sequestration In the initial stage, the pipeline is used to fill the CO 2 storage goaf or the CO 2 storage waste rock filling area, and the CO 2 is sealed in the goaf by relying on the airtight material on the boundary of the ore body. With the CO 2 stored in the goaf Diffuse into the tailings cemented backfill, react with the basic tailings and cement hydration products in the tailings cemented backfill, consume CO 2 and generate high-strength calcium carbonate CaCO 3 and silica gel SiO 2 with gelling effect. nH 2 O, so as to improve the overall strength and air tightness of the tailings cemented filling body, reduce the porosity of the tailings cemented filling body, and achieve large, long-term and safe carbon sequestration;

具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows:

步骤1.按回字形开采当前分层矿体边帮,利用气密材料封闭除联络巷外的边帮,留采场联络巷以及分层联络巷服务当前开采的分层;Step 1. Mining the side walls of the current layered ore body in a zigzag shape, using airtight materials to seal the side walls except the connecting roadway, leaving the stope connecting roadway and the layered connecting roadway to serve the currently mined layers;

步骤2.用分层进路充填法开采除边帮外的内部矿体,若采用下向分层进路充填采矿法开采矿体,使用尾砂胶结充填体间隔充填采空的进路,预留出CO2封存空区,若采用上向分层进路充填采矿法,则使用尾砂胶结充填体和废石间隔充填采空的进路形成CO2封存废石充填区;Step 2. Use layered approach filling method to mine the internal ore body except the side wall. If the ore body is mined with the downward layered approach filling mining method, use the tailing sand cemented filling body to fill the goaf at intervals. Reserve the empty area for CO2 storage. If the upward layered approach filling mining method is adopted, the approach of filling the goaf with cemented tailings and waste rock at intervals will form a CO2 storage waste rock filling area;

步骤3.当前分层作业结束后,在采场联络巷和分层联络巷架设由CO2封存空区或CO2封存废石充填区至分段运输巷的CO2管道,然后使用气密材料封闭采场联络巷和分层联络巷; Step 3. After the current layering operation is completed, set up the CO2 pipeline from the CO2 storage empty area or the CO2 sequestration waste rock filling area to the section transportation roadway in the stope connection roadway and the layered connection roadway, and then use airtight materials Closed stope tie lanes and layered tie lanes;

步骤4.按分层开采顺序,逐层重复步骤1–3,直至当前中段作业结束,将捕集的CO2通过沿回风路径布置的CO2管道注入CO2封存空区或CO2封存废石充填区,同时开采作业转移至下一中段,随采深和地温增大,CO2以气态至超临界态长期封存。Step 4. Repeat steps 1–3 layer by layer according to the layer-by-layer mining sequence until the current mid-stage operation is completed, and the captured CO 2 is injected into the CO 2 storage empty area or the CO 2 storage waste through the CO 2 pipeline arranged along the return air path. At the same time, the mining operation is transferred to the next middle section. With the increase of mining depth and ground temperature, CO2 is stored in a gaseous state to a supercritical state for a long time.

进一步,开采过程中对矿体中段、分段、分层的划分,以及沿矿体深度方向的开采及充填顺序与分层进路充填采矿法完全一致;每分层的进路划分为围岩和矿体边界上的边帮进路和矿体内部进路,每分层进路的作业方式为,按回字形顺序开采及封闭边帮,依从由矿体两帮进路向矿体中间进路逐渐推进的原则开采及充填内部进路,若遇上需要预留CO2封存空区或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区的进路,则先跳过该进路,开采及充填下一条进路,当需要预留CO2封存空区或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区的进路的两侧进路均充填后,再开采该进路,然后留空或者废石充填形成CO2封存空区或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区。Furthermore, during the mining process, the division of the middle section of the ore body, subsections, and layers, as well as the mining and filling sequence along the depth direction of the ore body are completely consistent with the layered approach filling mining method; each layered approach is divided into surrounding rocks and the sidewall approach on the boundary of the orebody and the orebody internal approach, the operation mode of each layered approach is to mine and close the sidewalls in the order of back and forth, and follow the approach from the two sides of the ore body to the middle of the ore body The principle of gradual advancement is to mine and fill the internal route. If there is a route that needs to reserve a CO 2 storage space or a high-porosity CO 2 storage waste rock filling area, skip this route first, and continue mining and filling. One route, when both sides of the route need to be reserved for CO 2 storage vacancy or high-porosity CO 2 storage waste rock filling area are filled, then the route is mined, and then left empty or filled with waste rock Form CO 2 storage empty area or high porosity CO 2 storage waste rock filling area.

进一步,用气密材料封闭除联络巷外的边帮的方法如下:对边帮进路靠围岩侧的外侧采用高强度尾砂胶结充填体充填,边帮进路靠矿体的内侧采用气密材料充填,并在气密材料和内部未开采矿块间保留1/10边帮进路宽度作为崩矿冲击的隔离空间,保护两帮充填体和密封材料;用气密材料封闭边帮联络巷的方法如下:对分层联络巷靠矿体侧的内侧采用气密材料充填,对分层联络巷靠围岩侧的外侧用高强度尾砂胶结充填体充填,采场联络巷全部用尾砂胶结充填体充填。Further, the method of using airtight materials to seal the side walls except the connecting roadway is as follows: the outer side of the side road near the surrounding rock is filled with high-strength tailings cemented filling body, and the inner side of the side road near the ore body is filled with gas Fill with dense material, and reserve 1/10 of the width of the side road between the air-tight material and the unmined ore block inside as the isolation space for the impact of avalanche, to protect the filling body and sealing material of the two sides; use air-tight material to seal the side-side contact The method of roadway is as follows: the inner side of the layered roadway near the ore body is filled with airtight material, the outer side of the layered roadway near the surrounding rock is filled with high-strength tailing sand cemented filling body, and the stope roadway is all filled with tailings. Sand cemented filling body filling.

进一步,矿体顶部分层和底部分层需分别设置气密性人工假顶和气密性人工假底,当选择采用下向分层进路充填法进行开采,需要在每个中段顶部设置气密性人工假顶,若选择采用上向分层进路充填法进行开采,需要在每个中段底部设置气密性人工假底,通过气密性人工假顶和气密性人工假底,结合边帮气密材料及高强度尾砂胶结充填体,形成以中段为单位的稳定的碳封存单元结构。Furthermore, airtight artificial false roofs and airtight artificial false bottoms need to be set up for the top layer and bottom layer of the ore body respectively. When mining with the downward layering approach filling method, it is necessary to set up airtight artificial bottoms at the top of each middle section. If you choose to use the upward layered approach filling method for mining, you need to set up an airtight artificial false bottom at the bottom of each middle section. Through the airtight artificial false roof and airtight artificial false bottom, combined with the side The airtight material and high-strength tailings cement the filling body to form a stable carbon sequestration unit structure with the middle section as the unit.

进一步,捕集的CO2来自矿企选冶厂,或电力、水泥、钢铁、化工四大排放源;捕集的CO2通过设置在回风井附近的地表CO2泵站,经管道沿回风井、回风巷接入分段运输巷和采场联络巷交汇处的CO2管道,将CO2注入空区或废石充填区,避免CO2管道泄露污染鲜新风流。Furthermore, the captured CO 2 comes from mining enterprises’ dressing and smelting plants , or the four major emission sources of electricity, cement, steel, and chemical industry ; Air wells and air return lanes are connected to the CO 2 pipeline at the intersection of the sectional transportation lane and the stope connecting lane, and CO 2 is injected into the empty area or waste rock filling area to avoid CO 2 pipeline leakage from polluting the fresh air flow.

进一步,CO2管道的CO2输送压力控制在维持边帮气密材料及高强度尾砂胶结充填体稳定、同时局部撕裂CO2封存空区或CO2封存废石充填区周边尾砂胶结充填体的水平,其中,气态CO2压力可低至1MPa以下,适合开采初期,矿体埋深小于100m、地应力和围岩强度较低的采空区,随着采深、地应力和围岩强度增大,可逐渐提高充入的CO2压力,当采空区所在地层地温大于31℃、采深大于800m,考虑以超临界态封存CO2Furthermore, the CO 2 delivery pressure of the CO 2 pipeline is controlled to maintain the stability of the side airtight material and the high-strength tailings cemented filling body, and at the same time partially tear the CO 2 storage empty area or the tailings cemented filling around the CO 2 storage waste rock filling area. The level of the gaseous CO2 can be as low as below 1MPa, which is suitable for the goaf in the early stage of mining, where the buried depth of the ore body is less than 100m, and the ground stress and surrounding rock strength are low. As the intensity increases, the CO 2 pressure charged can be gradually increased. When the ground temperature of the goaf is greater than 31°C and the mining depth is greater than 800m, it is considered to store CO 2 in a supercritical state.

进一步,在采场联络巷和分段运输巷交汇点附近的CO2管道上设有CO2压力传感器、气密阀和法兰接口;当CO2注入作业结束后,关闭气密阀,松开法兰接口,再用法兰封闭接口堵住与CO2封存区或CO2封存废石充填区联通的管道,将当前分段运输巷上的CO2管道回收在下一分段运输巷上重复利用,由地表CO2泵站至当前分段其余CO2管道保持不动,往下延伸至下一分段;CO2压力传感器在封存期间监测CO2封存空区或CO2封存废石充填区内的CO2压力变化。Further, CO2 pressure sensors, airtight valves and flange interfaces are installed on the CO2 pipeline near the intersection of stope roadway and section transportation roadway; when CO2 injection is completed, close the airtight valve and loosen the flange interface, and then use the flange sealing interface to block the pipeline connected with the CO2 storage area or the CO2 storage waste rock filling area, and recycle the CO2 pipeline on the current segmental transportation lane for reuse in the next segmental transportation lane. The rest of the CO 2 pipeline from the surface CO 2 pumping station to the current section remains unchanged, and extends down to the next section; the CO 2 pressure sensor monitors the CO 2 storage empty area or the CO 2 storage waste rock filling area during storage. CO2 pressure change.

进一步,矿体边帮附近的围岩中每间隔一个分段高度距离设置一个CO2浓度传感器,用于CO2泄露预警;若封存期间无明显CO2泄露,且检测CO2封存空区或CO2封存废石充填区的CO2压力传感器读数缓慢下降,则说明CO2与充填体发生矿化反应,当CO2压力降至设定压力的75%,可利用气密阀和法兰接口,重新接入CO2气源,为CO2封存空区或CO2封存废石充填区补压。Furthermore, a CO 2 concentration sensor is installed at intervals of a section height in the surrounding rock near the side of the ore body for early warning of CO 2 leakage; 2 The reading of the CO2 pressure sensor in the sealed waste rock filling area drops slowly, indicating that CO2 has a mineralization reaction with the filling body. When the CO2 pressure drops to 75% of the set pressure, the airtight valve and flange interface can be used to Reconnect the CO 2 gas source to add pressure for the CO 2 storage empty area or the CO 2 storage waste rock filling area.

进一步,尾砂胶结充填体使用的尾砂胶结充填料浆包括矿山尾砂、波特兰水泥或掺粉煤灰、钢渣复合硅酸盐水泥、水、添加剂,充填料浆浓度大于70%,3d强度大于1MPa;下向分层充填法中使用的尾砂胶结充填体中灰砂质量比大于1:6,28d强度大于3.5MPa;上向分层充填法的尾砂胶结充填体中灰砂质量比大于1:8,28d强度大于2MPa;充填边帮进路及分层联络巷外侧的高强度尾砂胶结充填体中灰砂质量比大于1:4,28d强度大于5MPa。Further, the tailings cemented filling slurry used in the tailings cemented filling body includes mine tailings, Portland cement or fly ash mixed, steel slag composite Portland cement, water, additives, the concentration of the filling slurry is greater than 70%, 3d The strength is greater than 1MPa; the mass ratio of lime and sand in the tailings cemented filling body used in the downward layered filling method is greater than 1:6, and the 28d strength is greater than 3.5MPa; the mass of lime sand in the tailings cemented filling body used in the upward layered filling method The ratio is greater than 1:8, and the 28d strength is greater than 2MPa; the lime-sand mass ratio in the high-strength tailings cemented filling body on the side of the filling side road and the layered connection roadway is greater than 1:4, and the 28d strength is greater than 5MPa.

进一步,所述的气密材料包括气密混凝土、沥青基气密充填料、矿用充填密闭材料;所述的气密性人工假顶和气密性人工假底包括气密混凝土、混凝土加沥青基气密充填料的复合结构、混凝土加矿用充填密闭材料的复合结构。Further, the airtight material includes airtight concrete, asphalt-based airtight filling, and mine filling sealing material; the airtight artificial false roof and airtight artificial bottom include airtight concrete, concrete plus asphalt-based Composite structure of airtight filling material, composite structure of filling and sealing material for concrete plus ore.

有益效果:Beneficial effect:

本发明具有以下技术优点,1)利用尾砂胶结充填体局部充填采空区在地下金属矿构建CO2封存场所,实现CO2高效、大规模、长期物理封存;2)利用CO2与尾砂胶结充填体反应,将CO2固定在充填体中,实现CO2永久、稳定化学封存;3)利用CO2与尾砂胶结充填体反应,逐渐降低充填体孔隙度、提高充填体强度,保障地下空间稳定性和封存结构封闭性;4)与金属矿开采普遍采用的分层进路充填采矿方法结合,无需改变矿山原有的充填系统,易于实现,额外成本支出少。The present invention has the following technical advantages: 1) using tailings cemented filling body to partially fill gobs in underground metal mines to construct CO2 storage sites to achieve efficient, large-scale, long-term physical storage of CO2 ; 2) utilizing CO2 and tailings The reaction of cemented filling body fixes CO 2 in the filling body to achieve permanent and stable chemical storage of CO 2 ; 3) utilizes the reaction of CO 2 and tailings cemented filling body to gradually reduce the porosity of the filling body and increase the strength of the filling body to ensure the underground Spatial stability and closedness of the storage structure; 4) Combining with the layered approach filling mining method commonly used in metal ore mining, there is no need to change the original filling system of the mine, which is easy to implement and has low additional costs.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1(a)为下向分层充填采矿采空区碳封存沿矿体走向平面示意图;Figure 1(a) is a schematic plan view of carbon sequestration along the ore body strike in the goaf of downward layered filling mining;

图1(b)为下向分层充填采矿采空区碳封存的沿矿体厚度剖面示意图;Figure 1(b) is a schematic diagram of a section along the thickness of the orebody for carbon sequestration in the goaf of down-layered filling mining;

图2(a)为图1(b)的D1-D1剖面区域利用本发明基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法的碳封存开采及充填顺序示意图;Fig. 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the carbon sequestration mining and filling sequence of the goaf carbon sequestration method based on the method of layered approach tailings cemented filling mining in the D1-D1 section area of Fig. 1 (b) according to the present invention;

图2(b)为图1(b)的E1-E1剖面区域利用本发明基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法的碳封存开采及充填顺序示意图;Fig. 2 (b) is a schematic diagram of the carbon sequestration mining and filling sequence of the goaf carbon sequestration method based on the layered approach tailings cemented filling mining in the E1-E1 section area of Fig. 1 (b) according to the present invention;

图3(a)为上向分层充填采矿采空区碳封存沿矿体走向平面示意图;Figure 3(a) is a schematic plan view of carbon sequestration along the ore body strike in the upward layered filling mining goaf;

图3(b)为上向分层充填采矿采空区碳封存的沿矿体厚度剖面示意图;Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a section along the thickness of the ore body for carbon sequestration in the goaf of upward layered filling mining;

图4(a)为图3(b)的D2-D2剖面区域利用本发明基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法的碳封存开采及充填顺序示意图;Fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the carbon sequestration mining and filling sequence of the goaf carbon sequestration method based on the layered approach tailings cemented filling mining in the D2-D2 section area of Fig. 3 (b) according to the present invention;

图4(b)为图3(b)的E2-E2剖面区域利用本发明基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法的碳封存开采及充填顺序示意图;Fig. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of the carbon sequestration mining and filling sequence of the goaf carbon sequestration method based on the method of layered approach tailings cemented filling mining in the E2-E2 section area of Fig. 3(b) according to the present invention;

图中:1、气密材料;2、CO2封存空区;3、CO2封存废石充填区;4、尾砂胶结充填体;5、高强度尾砂胶结充填体;6、气密性人工假顶;7、气密性人工假底;8、分段运输巷;9、CO2管道;10、采场联络巷;11、分层联络巷;12、矿体。In the figure: 1. Airtight material; 2. CO 2 storage space; 3. CO 2 storage waste rock filling area; 4. Tailings cemented filling body; 5. High-strength tailings cemented filling body; 6. Air tightness Artificial false roof; 7. Airtight artificial false bottom; 8. Segmented transportation lane; 9. CO2 pipeline; 10. Stope connecting lane; 11. Layered connecting lane;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了更清楚的说明本发明所采用的技术手段和方法,下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步说明。In order to illustrate the technical means and methods adopted in the present invention more clearly, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,在分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿基础上,利用气密材料1在金属矿的矿体12边界建设密封层封闭整个采空区,利用边帮高强度尾砂胶结充填体5、人工假顶6或人工假底7以及采空区内间隔充填的尾砂胶结充填体4支撑采空区整体框架,根据实地情况在采空区预留CO2封存空区2或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区3,碳封存初期利用管路向CO2封存空区2或CO2封存废石充填区3充入CO2,依靠矿体12边界上的气密材料1把CO2密封在采空区内,随着空区内封存的CO2扩散进入尾砂胶结充填体4,与尾砂胶结充填体4中的基性尾砂和水泥水化产物反应,消耗CO2的同时生成高强度的碳酸钙CaCO3和具有胶凝作用的硅胶SiO2·nH2O,从而提高尾砂胶结充填体4整体强度和气密性,降低尾砂胶结充填体4孔隙度,实现大量、长期且安全的碳封存;A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining of the present invention, on the basis of layered tailings cemented filling mining, the airtight material 1 is used to construct the boundary of the ore body 12 of the metal ore The sealing layer seals the entire goaf, and the overall frame of the goaf is supported by the high-strength tailing sand cemented filling body 5 on the sides, the artificial false roof 6 or artificial false bottom 7, and the tailing sand cemented filling body 4 filled at intervals in the goaf. Reserve a CO2 storage goaf 2 or a high-porosity CO2 storage waste rock filling area 3 in the goaf according to field conditions, and use pipelines to CO2 storage goaf 2 or CO2 storage waste rock filling area 3 at the initial stage of carbon sequestration Fill CO 2 , rely on the airtight material 1 on the boundary of the ore body 12 to seal the CO 2 in the goaf, and diffuse the CO 2 stored in the goaf into the cemented tailings filling body 4, and cement the filling body with the tailings sand The basic tailings in 4 react with cement hydration products, consume CO 2 and generate high-strength calcium carbonate CaCO 3 and silica gel SiO 2 ·nH 2 O with gelling effect, thereby improving the tailings cemented filling body 4 as a whole Strength and air tightness, reduce the porosity of the tailings cemented filling body, and achieve large, long-term and safe carbon sequestration;

实施例一Embodiment one

一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,与下向分层充填采矿法结合时,具体步骤及参数如下:A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining, when combined with the downward layered filling mining method, the specific steps and parameters are as follows:

矿块划分如图1(a)和图1(b)所示,进路宽4m,分层高3m,每分段三个分层,高9m,每中段三个分段,高27m。尾砂胶结充填体灰砂比1:6,充填料浆浓度75%,充填体3d强度1.5MPa,28d强度3.5MPa。高强度尾砂胶结充填体灰砂比1:4,充填料浆浓度75%,充填体3d强度2.5MPa,28d强度5MPa。每中段顶部采用气密混凝土构筑气密性人工假顶6,此外,矿体顶部分层和底部分层靠近矿体的内侧采用气密混凝土分别构筑气密性人工假顶6和气密性人工假底7,边帮也采用气密混凝土作为气密充填料1。The ore blocks are divided as shown in Figure 1(a) and Figure 1(b). The access road is 4m wide and the layer height is 3m. Each segment has three layers with a height of 9m, and each middle segment has three segments with a height of 27m. The tailing sand cemented filling body has a lime-sand ratio of 1:6, a filling slurry concentration of 75%, and a filling body with a strength of 1.5MPa at 3d and 3.5MPa at 28d. The high-strength tailings cemented filling body has a lime-sand ratio of 1:4, a filling slurry concentration of 75%, and a filling body with a strength of 2.5MPa at 3d and 5MPa at 28d. Airtight artificial roof 6 is built with airtight concrete at the top of each middle section. In addition, airtight artificial roof 6 and airtight artificial roof are respectively constructed with airtight concrete on the inner side of the ore body top layer and bottom layer near the ore body. The bottom 7 and the sides also adopt airtight concrete as the airtight filler 1.

如图2(a)和图2(b)所示,步骤1.首先采掘采场联络巷10,沿采场边帮按回字形依次采掘分层联络巷、两帮进路和平行于分层联络巷的边帮进路,然后依次充填平行于分层联络巷的边帮进路和两帮进路,留采场联络巷以及分层联络巷服务当前分层,图中C0-C11为采场开采顺序;F0-F11为采场充填顺序,施工顺序为C0→C1→C2→C3→F0→F1,其中,边帮进路外侧采用高强度尾砂胶结充填体5充填,边帮进路内侧采用气密混凝土1充填;As shown in Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b), step 1. First excavate the stope tie roadway 10, and excavate layered tie wayway, two-side approach road and parallel layered roadway along the side of the stope in a zigzag shape. The side road of the connecting roadway is then filled in sequence with the side road and two side roads parallel to the layered connecting roadway, and the stope connecting roadway and the layered connecting roadway are used to serve the current stratification. C0-C11 in the figure are mining mining sequence; F0-F11 is the stope filling sequence, and the construction sequence is C0→C1→C2→C3→F0→F1. The inner side is filled with airtight concrete 1;

步骤2.用下向分层进路法开采及充填内部矿体,用尾砂胶结充填体4间隔充填留空区2,D1–D1型分层开采及充填顺序为:C4→F2→C5→F3→C6→C7→F4→C8→F5→C9→F6→C10→C11→F7,具体见图2(a);E1–E1型分层开采及充填顺序为:C4→F2→C5→F3→C6→F4→C7→F5→C8→C9→F6→C10→F7→C11,具体见图2(b);Step 2. Mining and filling the internal ore body with the downward layered approach method, filling the void area 2 with tailings cemented filling body 4 intervals, and the sequence of layered mining and filling of D1-D1 type is: C4→F2→C5→ F3→C6→C7→F4→C8→F5→C9→F6→C10→C11→F7, see Figure 2(a) for details; the sequence of layered mining and filling for E1–E1 is: C4→F2→C5→F3→ C6→F4→C7→F5→C8→C9→F6→C10→F7→C11, see Figure 2(b) for details;

步骤3.当前分层作业结束,在联络巷架设由采空区2至分段运输巷8的CO2管道9,首先用气密混凝土1充填分层联络巷内侧,其次用高强度尾砂胶结充填体5充填分层联络巷外侧和采场联络巷10,即充填顺序为F8→F9,具体见图2;Step 3. At the end of the current layering operation, erect the CO2 pipeline 9 from the goaf 2 to the segmented transportation roadway 8 in the connecting roadway, firstly fill the inner side of the layered connecting roadway with airtight concrete 1, and then cement it with high-strength tailings The filling body 5 fills the outer side of the layered roadway and the stope roadway 10, that is, the filling sequence is F8→F9, see Figure 2 for details;

步骤4.当前中段作业结束,将矿山选冶厂捕集的CO2通过管道9沿矿井回风路径经回风井、回风巷、分段运输巷8、采场联络巷10注入采空区2,采深-100m水平的空区内CO2压力为1MPa,采深每下降50m约两个中段高度,CO2压力提升0.5MPa。Step 4. At the end of the current mid-section operation, the CO captured by the mine dressing and smelting plant is injected into the goaf through the pipeline 9 along the mine return air path through the return air shaft, the return air lane, the segmented transportation lane 8, and the stope connection lane 10 2. The CO 2 pressure in the void area at the mining depth -100m level is 1MPa, and the CO 2 pressure increases by 0.5MPa for every 50m decrease in the mining depth by about two mid-section heights.

实施例二Embodiment two

一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,与上向分层充填采矿法结合时,具体步骤及参数如下:A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining, when combined with the upward layered filling mining method, the specific steps and parameters are as follows:

矿块划分如图3(a)和图3(b)所示,进路宽4m,分层高3m,每分段三个分层,高9m,每中段三个分段,高27m。尾砂胶结充填体灰砂比1:8,充填料浆浓度75%,充填体3d强度1.2MPa,28d强度2MPa。高强度尾砂胶结充填体灰砂比1:4,充填料浆浓度75%,充填体3d强度2.5MPa,28d强度5MPa。废石充填区的废石充填率为40%–50%,即废石充填区留50%–60%的空间用于碳封存。每中段底部采用气密性混凝土构筑气密性人工假底7,此外,矿体顶部分层和底部分层靠近矿体的内衬采用气密性混凝土分别构筑气密性人工假顶6和气密性人工假底7,边帮也采用气密混凝土作为气密充填料1。The ore block division is shown in Figure 3(a) and Figure 3(b). The approach width is 4m, the layer height is 3m, each segment has three layers with a height of 9m, and each middle segment has three segments with a height of 27m. The tailing sand cemented filling body has a lime-sand ratio of 1:8, a filling slurry concentration of 75%, and a filling body with a strength of 1.2MPa at 3d and 2MPa at 28d. The high-strength tailings cemented filling body has a lime-sand ratio of 1:4, a filling slurry concentration of 75%, and a filling body with a strength of 2.5MPa at 3d and 5MPa at 28d. The waste rock filling rate in the waste rock filling area is 40%–50%, that is, 50%–60% of the space in the waste rock filling area is reserved for carbon sequestration. Airtight concrete is used to construct the airtight artificial false bottom 7 at the bottom of each middle section. In addition, airtight artificial roof 6 and airtight artificial roof 6 and airtight artificial roof are respectively constructed with airtight concrete for the inner lining of the ore body top layer and bottom layer near the ore body. The permanent artificial false bottom 7, the side also adopts airtight concrete as the airtight filling material 1.

如图4(a)和图4(b)所示,步骤1.首先采掘采场联络巷10,沿采场边帮按回字形依次采掘分层联络巷、两帮进路和平行于分层联络巷的边帮进路,然后依次充填平行于分层联络巷的边帮进路和两帮进路,留采场联络巷以及分层联络巷服务当前分层,图中C0-C11为采场开采顺序;F0-F11为采场充填顺序,施工顺序为C0→C1→C2→C3→F0→F1,其中,边帮进路外侧采用高强度尾砂胶结充填体5充填,边帮进路内侧采用气密混凝土1充填;As shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b), step 1. First excavate the stope connecting roadway 10, excavate layered connecting roadway, two-side approach road and parallel to layered The side road of the connecting roadway is then filled in sequence with the side road and two side roads parallel to the layered connecting roadway, and the stope connecting roadway and the layered connecting roadway are used to serve the current stratification. C0-C11 in the figure are mining mining sequence; F0-F11 is the stope filling sequence, and the construction sequence is C0→C1→C2→C3→F0→F1. The inner side is filled with airtight concrete 1;

步骤2.用上向分层进路法开采及充填内部矿体,用尾砂胶结充填体4和废石间隔充填,D2–D2型分层和E2–E2型分层进路采场开采及充填顺序均为C4→F2→C5→F3→C6→F4→C7→F5→C8→F6→C9→F7→C10→F8→C11→F9,具体见图4(a)和图4(b);Step 2. Mining and filling the internal ore body with the upward layered approach method, using tailings cemented filling body 4 and waste rock for interval filling, D2-D2 type layered and E2-E2 type layered approach for stope mining and The filling sequence is C4→F2→C5→F3→C6→F4→C7→F5→C8→F6→C9→F7→C10→F8→C11→F9, see Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) for details;

步骤3.当前分层作业结束,在联络巷架设由废石充填区3至分段运输巷8的CO2管道9,首先用气密混凝土1充填分层联络巷内侧,其次用高强度尾砂胶结充填体5充填分层联络巷外侧和采场联络巷10,即充填顺序为F10→F11,具体见图4(a)和图4(b);Step 3. At the end of the current layering operation , set up the CO pipeline 9 from the waste rock filling area 3 to the segmental transportation roadway 8 in the connecting roadway, first fill the inner side of the layered connecting roadway with airtight concrete 1, and then use high-strength tailings The cemented filling body 5 fills the outer side of the layered roadway and the stope roadway 10, that is, the filling sequence is F10→F11, see Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) for details;

步骤4.当前中段作业结束,将矿山选冶厂捕集的CO2通过管道9沿矿井回风路径经回风井、回风巷、分段运输巷8、采场联络巷10注入废石充填区3,采深-100m水平的空区内CO2压力为1MPa,采深每下降50m约两个中段高度,CO2压力提升0.5MPa。Step 4. At the end of the current mid-section operation, the CO captured by the mine dressing and smelting plant is injected into waste rock filling through the pipeline 9 along the mine return air path through the return air shaft, return air lane, segmented transportation lane 8, and stope connecting lane 10 In zone 3, the CO 2 pressure in the void area at the mining depth -100m level is 1MPa, and the CO 2 pressure increases by 0.5MPa every time the mining depth decreases by 50m for about two mid-section heights.

Claims (10)

1.一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:在分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿基础上,利用气密材料(1)在金属矿的矿体(12)边界建设密封层封闭整个采空区,利用边帮高强度尾砂胶结充填体(5)、气密性人工假顶(6)或气密性人工假底(7)以及采空区内间隔充填的尾砂胶结充填体(4)支撑采空区整体框架,根据实地情况在采空区预留CO2封存空区(2)或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区(3),碳封存初期利用管路向CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3)充入CO2,依靠矿体(12)边界上的气密材料(1)把CO2密封在采空区内,随着空区内封存的CO2扩散进入尾砂胶结充填体(4),与尾砂胶结充填体(4)中的基性尾砂和水泥水化产物反应,消耗CO2的同时生成高强度的碳酸钙CaCO3和具有胶凝作用的硅胶SiO2‧nH2O,从而提高尾砂胶结充填体(4)整体强度和气密性,降低尾砂胶结充填体(4)孔隙度,实现大量、长期且安全的碳封存;1. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining, characterized in that: on the basis of layered tailings cemented filling mining, the airtight material (1) is used in the metal ore A sealing layer is constructed at the boundary of the ore body (12) to seal the entire goaf, and the filling body (5), airtight artificial false roof (6) or airtight artificial bottom (7) and mining The tailing sand cemented filling body (4) that is filled at intervals in the goaf supports the overall framework of the goaf, and the CO 2 storage goaf (2) or the high-porosity CO 2 storage waste rock filling area is reserved in the goaf according to the actual situation (3) At the initial stage of carbon sequestration, the pipeline is used to fill CO 2 into the CO 2 sequestration empty area (2) or the CO 2 sequestration waste rock filling area (3), relying on the airtight material (1) on the boundary of the ore body (12) to CO 2 is sealed in the goaf, and with the CO 2 stored in the goaf diffuses into the tailings cemented backfill (4), it reacts with the basic tailings and cement hydration products in the tailings backfill (4) , while consuming CO 2 , high-strength calcium carbonate CaCO 3 and silica gel SiO 2 ‧nH 2 O with gelling effect are generated, thereby improving the overall strength and airtightness of the tailings cemented filling body (4), and reducing the tailings cemented filling body (4) Porosity, to achieve large, long-term and safe carbon sequestration; 具体步骤如下:Specific steps are as follows: 步骤1. 按回字形开采当前分层矿体边帮,利用气密材料(1)封闭除联络巷外的边帮,留采场联络巷(10)以及分层联络巷(11)服务当前开采的分层;Step 1. Mining the sides of the current layered ore body in a zigzag shape, using airtight materials (1) to seal the side walls except the connecting roadway, leaving the stope connecting roadway (10) and the layered connecting roadway (11) to serve the current mining layering; 步骤2. 用分层进路充填法开采除边帮外的内部矿体(12),若采用下向分层进路充填采矿法开采矿体(12),使用尾砂胶结充填体(4)间隔充填采空的进路,预留出CO2封存空区(2),若采用上向分层进路充填采矿法,则使用尾砂胶结充填体(4)和废石间隔充填采空的进路形成CO2封存废石充填区(3);Step 2. Mining the internal ore body (12) except for the side wall with the layered approach filling method, if the ore body (12) is mined with the downward layered approach filling mining method, use tailings to cement the filling body (4) For the approach of filling the goaf at intervals, the CO 2 storage vacancy (2) is reserved. If the upward layered approach is used for filling the mining method, the tailing sand cemented filling body (4) and waste rock are used to fill the goaf at intervals. The route forms a waste rock filling area for CO2 storage (3); 步骤3. 当前分层作业结束后,在采场联络巷(10)和分层联络巷(11)架设由CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3)至分段运输巷(8)的CO2管道(9),然后使用气密材料(1)封闭采场联络巷(10)和分层联络巷(11);Step 3. After the current layering operation is completed, erect the CO 2 storage empty area (2) or the CO 2 storage waste rock filling area (3) to the section The CO2 pipeline (9) of the transport lane (8), and then use the airtight material (1) to close the stope tie lane (10) and the layered tie lane (11); 步骤4. 按分层开采顺序,逐层重复步骤1–3,直至当前中段作业结束,将捕集的CO2通过沿回风路径布置的CO2管道注入CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3),同时开采作业转移至下一中段,随采深和地温增大,CO2以气态至超临界态长期封存。Step 4. Repeat steps 1–3 layer by layer according to the layer-by-layer mining sequence until the current mid-stage operation is completed, and the captured CO 2 is injected into the CO 2 storage space (2) or CO 2 through the CO 2 pipeline arranged along the return air path. 2 Seal up the waste rock filling area (3), and at the same time, the mining operation is transferred to the next middle section. With the increase of mining depth and ground temperature, CO 2 is stored in a gaseous state to a supercritical state for a long time. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:开采过程中对矿体(12)中段、分段、分层的划分,以及沿矿体深度方向的开采及充填顺序与分层进路充填采矿法完全一致;每分层的进路划分为围岩和矿体边界上的边帮进路和矿体内部进路,每分层进路的作业方式为,按回字形顺序开采及封闭边帮进路,依从由矿体两帮进路向矿体中间进路逐渐推进的原则开采及充填内部进路,若遇上需要预留CO2封存空区(2)或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区(3)的进路,则先跳过该进路,开采及充填下一条进路,当需要预留CO2封存空区(2)或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区(3)的进路的两侧进路均充填后,再开采该进路,然后留空或者废石充填形成CO2封存空区(2)或高孔隙度的CO2封存废石充填区(3)。2. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: during the mining process, the ore body (12) in the middle, segmented, layered The division, as well as the mining and filling sequence along the depth direction of the ore body are completely consistent with the layered approach filling mining method; the approach of each layer is divided into the side edge approach on the boundary of the surrounding rock and the ore body and the inner approach of the ore body , the operation method of each stratified approach is to mine and close the side-side access in the order of zigzag, and follow the principle of gradually advancing from the two sides of the ore body to the middle of the ore body to mine and fill the internal access. If it is necessary to reserve the route for the CO 2 storage vacancy (2) or the high-porosity CO 2 storage waste rock filling area (3), skip this route first, and mine and fill the next route. When it is necessary to reserve CO 2 storage vacancy (2) or high-porosity CO 2 storage waste rock filling area (3) is filled on both sides of the route, and then the route is mined, and then left empty or filled with waste rock to form CO 2 Storage empty area (2) or high porosity CO2 storage waste rock filling area (3). 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:3. A kind of goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered approach tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: 用气密材料(1)封闭除联络巷外的边帮的方法如下:对边帮进路靠围岩侧的外侧采用高强度尾砂胶结充填体(5)充填,边帮进路靠矿体的内侧采用气密材料(1)充填,并在气密材料(1)和内部未开采矿块间保留1/10边帮进路宽度作为崩矿冲击的隔离空间,保护两帮充填体和密封材料;Use airtight material (1) to seal the sides except the connecting roadway as follows: use high-strength tailings cemented filling body (5) to fill the outer side of the side road near the surrounding rock, and the side road to be close to the ore body The inside of the inner side is filled with airtight material (1), and 1/10 of the side road width is reserved between the airtight material (1) and the unmined ore block inside as an isolation space for the impact of ore collapse, protecting the two sides of the filling body and sealing Material; 用气密材料(1)封闭边帮联络巷的方法如下:对分层联络巷(11)靠矿体侧的内侧采用气密材料(1)充填,对分层联络巷(11)靠围岩侧的外侧用高强度尾砂胶结充填体(5)充填,采场联络巷(10)全部用尾砂胶结充填体(4)充填。The method of sealing the side roadway with airtight material (1) is as follows: fill the inner side of the layered roadway (11) near the ore body with airtight material (1), and fill the inner side of the layered roadway (11) near the surrounding rock The outer side of the side is filled with high-strength tailings cemented filling body (5), and the stope contact roadway (10) is all filled with tailings cemented filling body (4). 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:4. A kind of goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered approach tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: 矿体(12)顶部分层和底部分层需分别设置气密性人工假顶(6)和气密性人工假底(7),当选择采用下向分层进路充填法进行开采,需要在每个中段顶部设置气密性人工假顶(6),若选择采用上向分层进路充填法进行开采,需要在每个中段底部设置气密性人工假底(7),通过气密性人工假顶(6)和气密性人工假底(7),结合边帮气密材料(1)及高强度尾砂胶结充填体(5),形成以中段为单位的稳定的碳封存单元结构。The top layer and the bottom layer of the ore body (12) need to be equipped with an airtight artificial false roof (6) and an airtight artificial false bottom (7). An airtight artificial false roof (6) is installed on the top of each middle section. If the upward layered approach filling method is selected for mining, an airtight artificial false bottom (7) needs to be installed at the bottom of each middle section. The artificial false roof (6) and the airtight artificial bottom (7), combined with the edge airtight material (1) and the high-strength tailings cemented filling body (5), form a stable carbon sequestration unit structure with the middle section as the unit. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:捕集的CO2来自矿企选冶厂,或电力、水泥、钢铁、化工四大排放源;捕集的CO2通过设置在回风井附近的地表CO2泵站,经管道沿回风井、回风巷接入分段运输巷(8)和采场联络巷(10)交汇处的CO2管道(9),将CO2注入CO2封存空区(2)或废石充填区(3),避免CO2管道(9)泄露污染鲜新风流。5. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the captured CO comes from the mining enterprise dressing and smelting plant, or electricity, cement, Four major emission sources of iron and steel and chemical industry; the captured CO 2 passes through the surface CO 2 pumping station near the return air shaft, and connects with the stope through the pipeline along the return air shaft and return airway to the segmented transportation lane (8) The CO2 pipeline (9) at the intersection of the lane (10) injects CO2 into the CO2 sequestration empty area (2) or the waste rock filling area (3) to prevent the CO2 pipeline (9) from leaking and polluting the fresh air flow. 6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:CO2管道(9)的CO2输送压力控制在维持边帮气密材料(1)及高强度尾砂胶结充填体(5)稳定、同时局部撕裂CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3)周边尾砂胶结充填体(4)的水平,其中,气态CO2压力可低至1 MPa以下,适合开采初期,矿体(12)埋深小于100 m、地应力和围岩强度较低的采空区,随着采深、地应力和围岩强度增大,可逐渐提高充入的CO2压力,当采空区所在地层地温大于31 ℃、采深大于800 m,考虑以超临界态封存CO26. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented backfill mining according to claim 2, characterized in that: the CO2 delivery pressure of the CO2 pipeline (9) is controlled to maintain side gas dense material (1) and high-strength tailings cemented backfill (5) are stable, and at the same time partially tear the CO 2 storage void (2) or the CO 2 storage waste rock backfill (3) surrounding tailings cemented backfill (4) Among them, the pressure of gaseous CO 2 can be as low as below 1 MPa, which is suitable for the mined-out area where the buried depth of the ore body (12) is less than 100 m, and the ground stress and surrounding rock strength are low. The increase of stress and surrounding rock strength can gradually increase the pressure of CO 2 charged. When the ground temperature of the goaf is greater than 31 ℃ and the mining depth is greater than 800 m, it is considered to store CO 2 in a supercritical state. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:在采场联络巷(10)和分段运输巷(8)交汇点附近的CO2管道(9)上设有CO2压力传感器、气密阀和法兰接口;当CO2注入作业结束后,关闭气密阀,松开法兰接口,再用法兰封闭接口堵住与CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3)联通的管道,将当前分段运输巷上的CO2管道回收在下一分段运输巷上重复利用,由地表CO2泵站至当前分段其余CO2管道保持不动,往下延伸至下一分段;CO2压力传感器在封存期间监测CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3)内的CO2压力变化。7. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intersecting stope roadway (10) and segmental transportation roadway (8) The CO 2 pipeline (9) near the point is equipped with a CO 2 pressure sensor, an airtight valve and a flange interface; when the CO 2 injection operation is completed, close the airtight valve, loosen the flange interface, and then seal the interface with the flange The pipeline connected to the CO 2 storage empty area (2) or the CO 2 storage waste rock filling area (3) is used to recover the CO 2 pipeline on the current section of the transportation lane and reuse it on the next section of the transportation lane, and the surface CO 2 The remaining CO2 pipelines from the pumping station to the current section remain unchanged and extend down to the next section; the CO2 pressure sensor monitors the CO2 storage empty area (2) or the CO2 storage waste rock filling area (3 ) within the CO2 pressure change. 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:矿体边帮附近的围岩中每间隔一个分段高度距离设置一个CO2浓度传感器,用于CO2泄露预警;若封存期间无明显CO2泄露,且检测CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3)的CO2压力传感器读数缓慢下降,则说明CO2与充填体发生矿化反应,当CO2压力降至设定压力的75%,可利用气密阀和法兰接口,重新接入CO2气源,为CO2封存空区(2)或CO2封存废石充填区(3)补压。8. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surrounding rock near the side of the ore body is set at intervals of a segmental height distance A CO 2 concentration sensor for early warning of CO 2 leakage; if there is no obvious CO 2 leakage during the storage period, and the CO 2 pressure sensor for detecting the CO 2 storage empty area (2) or the CO 2 storage waste rock filling area (3) reads slowly When the CO 2 pressure drops to 75% of the set pressure, the air-tight valve and flange interface can be used to reconnect the CO 2 gas source to store the air for CO 2 Zone (2) or CO 2 sequestration waste rock fill zone (3) for repressurization. 9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:尾砂胶结充填体(4)使用的尾砂胶结充填料浆包括矿山尾砂、波特兰水泥或掺粉煤灰、钢渣复合硅酸盐水泥、水、添加剂,充填料浆浓度大于70%,3 d强度大于1MPa;下向分层充填法中使用的尾砂胶结充填体(4)中灰砂质量比大于1:6,28 d强度大于3.5 MPa;上向分层充填法的尾砂胶结充填体(4)中灰砂质量比大于1:8,28 d强度大于2 MPa;充填边帮进路及分层联络巷外侧的高强度尾砂胶结充填体(5)中灰砂质量比大于1:4,28 d强度大于5 MPa。9. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the tailings cemented filling slurry used in the tailings cemented filling body (4) includes Mine tailings, Portland cement or mixed with fly ash, steel slag composite Portland cement, water, additives, filling slurry concentration greater than 70%, 3-day strength greater than 1MPa; tailings used in the downward layered filling method The lime-sand mass ratio in the cemented backfill (4) is greater than 1:6, and the strength is greater than 3.5 MPa in 28 days; the lime-sand mass ratio in the tailings cemented backfill (4) of the upward layered filling method is greater than 1:8, and the strength is greater than 3.5 MPa in 28 days. The strength is greater than 2 MPa; the lime-sand mass ratio in the high-strength tailings cemented filling body (5) on the outside of the filling side road and the layered connection roadway is greater than 1:4, and the 28-day strength is greater than 5 MPa. 10.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于分层进路尾砂胶结充填采矿的采空区碳封存方法,其特征在于:10. A goaf carbon sequestration method based on layered tailings cemented filling mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述的气密材料(1)包括气密混凝土、沥青基气密充填料、矿用充填密闭材料;The airtight material (1) includes airtight concrete, asphalt-based airtight filling material, and mining filling sealing material; 所述的气密性人工假顶(6)和气密性人工假底(7)包括气密混凝土、混凝土加沥青基气密充填料的复合结构、混凝土加矿用充填密闭材料的复合结构。The airtight artificial false roof (6) and airtight artificial bottom (7) include airtight concrete, a composite structure of concrete plus asphalt-based airtight filler, and a composite structure of concrete plus ore-filling sealing material.
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