CN114961815A - Detachable anchor rod device and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a detachable anchor rod device and a using method thereof, wherein the detachable anchor rod device comprises a fixed pipe, an anchor rod piece, an adjusting rod and a drill bit assembly, wherein the first end of the anchor rod piece is detachably and fixedly connected with the first end of the fixed pipe, and the second end of the anchor rod piece is fixedly provided with a clamping jaw. The pipe wall of the anchor rod piece is provided with a plurality of groups of expansion components, and each group of expansion components comprises a plurality of expansion pieces. The adjusting rod can be inserted in the anchor rod piece in an axial sliding mode and can push each expansion piece to extend outwards. The drill bit assembly is located the second of stock piece and holds the outside, and the clamping jaw can press from both sides and establish on the first of drill bit assembly, perhaps adjusts the first end of pole and can stretch out the second of stock piece and block and establish the first end at drill bit assembly, and the clamping jaw can press from both sides and establish on the first of adjusting the pole. The invention can realize quick anchoring based on surrounding rock characteristics and pore-forming characteristics, and can be quickly dismantled in the later soil body excavation process, so as to solve the problem that the temporary support small anchor rod is difficult to recycle and reuse in the tunnel excavation process.

Description

Detachable anchor rod device and using method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rods, in particular to a detachable anchor rod device and a using method thereof.

Background

In the current underground engineering, the anchor rod is the most basic component of soil body support, and can reinforce surrounding rocks near an operation surface together, so that the surrounding rocks tend to be stable, the safe operation of underground construction is further ensured, and the anchor rod is widely applied to the fields of foundation pit engineering, slope engineering, roadway engineering, tunnel engineering and the like.

Tunnel engineering, as a linear underground engineering, is often subjected to various geological conditions during the construction process, and the role of the anchor rod is particularly important. Besides applying anchor rods on tunnel linings, a certain number of small anchor rods are also needed to reinforce soil bodies to be excavated in the tunnel subsection excavation process. But different from the lining anchor rod, the lining anchor rod can be permanently reserved in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the temporary support small anchor rod is usually required to be removed in the later soil body excavation process. Especially, when the double-side-wall guide pit is excavated, the small anchor rods remained in the middle soil body often cause certain trouble to later-stage rock-soil body excavation. In addition, the traditional small temporary support anchor rod is generally a grouting anchor rod which cannot be recycled, so that the waste of building materials is often caused, and building waste is formed. This certainly causes great waste and loss during long-term tunnel construction.

Although some detachable anchor rod devices also exist in the prior art, the following disadvantages generally exist: (1) the prior art is mainly used for the fields of slope reinforcement, tunnel lining surrounding rock reinforcement, foundation pit side wall reinforcement and the like, and the patent of temporarily supporting small anchor rods in tunnels is few; (2) in the prior art, the pipe wall or the end head of the anchor rod is often treated, and improvement measures aiming at the internal components of the anchor rod are fewer; (3) in the prior art, only the interaction between the anchor rod and the soil body is emphasized, the action of the anchor rod in the whole supporting system is neglected, and the anchor rod cannot be integrated into the whole supporting system to play a role.

Therefore, the inventor provides a detachable anchor rod device and a using method thereof by virtue of experience and practice of related industries for many years, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a detachable anchor rod device and a using method thereof, which can realize quick anchoring based on surrounding rock characteristics and pore-forming characteristics and can be quickly detached in the later soil body excavation process so as to solve the problem that a temporary support small anchor rod is difficult to recover and reuse in the tunnel excavation process.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a detachable anchor rod device, which comprises:

a fixed tube;

the first end of the hollow anchor rod piece is detachably and fixedly connected with the first end of the fixed pipe, and the second end of the hollow anchor rod piece is fixedly provided with a clamping jaw; a plurality of groups of expansion assemblies are arranged on the pipe wall of the anchor rod piece at intervals along the axial direction of the pipe wall, and each group of expansion assemblies comprises a plurality of expansion pieces which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod piece and can extend outwards;

the adjusting rod can be axially inserted in the anchor rod piece in a sliding manner and can push each expansion piece to extend outwards;

and a drill bit assembly located outside the second end of the shank member; the clamping jaw can press from both sides and establish on the first end of drill bit subassembly, perhaps adjust the second end that the pole piece can stretch out and establish in the first end of drill bit subassembly, and the clamping jaw can press from both sides and establish on the first end of adjusting the pole.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each set of expansion assemblies further includes an expansion ring formed by enclosing a plurality of arc-shaped plates, and the expansion ring is disposed in the anchor rod member; each expansion piece comprises a radial locking rod and two lateral locking rods symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radial locking rod, the radial locking rods can be inserted on the pipe wall of the anchor rod piece in a radial sliding manner, and each lateral locking rod is positioned on the outer side of the anchor rod piece; the first ends of the two lateral locking rods are hinged with the first ends of the radial locking rods, the second ends of the two lateral locking rods are hinged with the outer wall of the anchor rod piece, the hinged points can slide along the axial direction of the anchor rod piece, and the second ends of the radial locking rods extend into the anchor rod piece and are fixedly connected with the corresponding arc-shaped plates; a plurality of variable cross-section sections are formed on the adjusting rod at intervals along the axial direction of the adjusting rod, the outer diameter of each variable cross-section is larger than that of the adjusting rod, two ends of each variable cross-section are transition conical surfaces, and each variable cross-section can be inserted into a corresponding expansion ring.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a groove is formed in the outer wall of the anchor rod member corresponding to the second end of each lateral locking rod, the length direction of the groove extends along the axial direction of the anchor rod member, a sliding block capable of axially sliding is embedded in the groove, and the second end of the lateral locking rod is hinged to the sliding block.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first spring is further fixed between the second end of the radial lock rod and the corresponding arc plate.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drill assembly includes a connecting cylinder with an opening at one end and a drill fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting cylinder, the opening end of the connecting cylinder is the first end of the drill assembly, and the first end of the adjusting rod can be inserted into the connecting cylinder.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of caulking grooves are arranged on the outer wall of the first end of the adjusting rod along the circumferential direction, a locking block is embedded in each caulking groove in a radially sliding manner, and a second spring is fixedly arranged between each locking block and the bottom of the corresponding caulking groove; the inner wall of the connecting cylinder is provided with an annular clamping groove, the cross section of the clamping groove is triangular, the shape of the outer side end of each locking block is matched with that of the clamping groove, and the outer side end of each locking block can be clamped in the clamping groove.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment rod comprises a first straight rod, an intermediate rod and an end rod which are adjacent to the first end thereof and are sequentially connected, a second straight rod adjacent to the second end thereof, and a plurality of variable cross-section rods which are located between the first straight rod and the second straight rod and are sequentially connected; the adjacent two variable cross-section rods, the first straight rod, the second straight rod and the corresponding variable cross-section rods are detachably and fixedly connected, and each variable cross-section is formed on the corresponding variable cross-section rod; screw holes are formed in the opposite end faces of the first straight rod and the end rod, screws are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the middle rod, and the screws are in threaded connection with the corresponding screw holes; a plurality of through grooves penetrating through the end faces of the two sides of the middle rod are formed in the middle rod in the circumferential direction, and embedded grooves are formed among the through grooves, the end faces of the first straight rod and the end faces of the end rods.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the anchor member comprises a plurality of hollow drill rods and a plurality of intermediate pipes detachably secured between each two adjacent drill rods, the end of the drill rod near the second end of the anchor member is detachably secured with a connecting pipe, each set of expansion assemblies is respectively arranged on the corresponding intermediate pipe, and the clamping jaws are secured to the end of the connecting pipe.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed tube is a sleeve structure, and the second end of the fixed tube protrudes outward to form a protruding ring, and the protruding ring is provided with a plurality of mounting holes.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a rubber ring is disposed on an end surface of the protruding ring away from the first end of the fixed tube, and through holes are disposed on the rubber ring at positions corresponding to the mounting holes.

The invention also provides a using method of the detachable anchor rod device, which comprises the following steps:

s1, performing undermining treatment on the soil body to be excavated to form a slotted hole;

s2, assembling the fixing tube, the anchor rod piece and the drill bit assembly, and enabling the clamping jaw to be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly; then inserting the assembled part formed after assembly into the slotted hole, and fixedly connecting the second end of the fixed pipe with a temporary support structure arranged on the soil body to be excavated;

s3, inserting the adjusting rod into the anchor rod piece and extending forwards to a specified position so that each expansion piece extends outwards and goes deep into the soil around the anchor rod piece;

s4, continuously pushing the adjusting rod forward to enable the first end of the adjusting rod to extend out of the anchor rod piece and be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, and enabling the drill bit assembly to be separated from the clamping jaw and be pushed forward under the thrust action of the adjusting rod to enable the drill bit assembly to go deep into the soil body at the bottom of the slotted hole;

s5, when soil bodies in anchoring areas of all detachable anchor rod devices are excavated, the adjusting rods are taken out, and then the drill bit assemblies and the anchor rod members are removed in the soil body excavation process.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes the following steps after step S5:

s6, after the anchor rod piece is removed, a closing piece or a horizontal supporting tube is connected to the first end of the fixing tube; after the temporary support structure is dismantled, the closing piece or the horizontal support pipe is removed.

Therefore, the detachable anchor rod device can be rapidly installed and detached, is convenient to recycle and reuse and saves cost through the matching of the fixing pipe, the anchor rod piece, the adjusting rod and the drill bit assembly. Through the matching of the adjusting rod and the expansion pieces on the anchor rod piece, after the adjusting rod extends into the anchor rod piece, each expansion piece can extend outwards and penetrate into soil around the anchor rod piece, so that the soil body is reinforced; after the first end of the adjusting rod extends out of the anchor rod piece, the drill bit assembly can be pushed to extend into a soil body at the bottom of a slotted hole in a soil body to be excavated, and the soil body is further reinforced; and then improved whole detachable anchor rod device greatly and to the reinforcement effect of the soil body, guaranteed that the country rock is more stable, improved the security of construction.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:

FIG. 1: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a detachable anchor rod device.

FIG. 2: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a fixed tube.

FIG. 3: is a schematic structural diagram of the rubber ring provided by the invention.

FIG. 4: the invention provides a schematic structural diagram of a fixing head.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a connecting pipe.

FIG. 6: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a conversion tube.

FIG. 7: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of the anchor rod piece.

FIG. 8: the structure of the intermediate pipe is shown schematically.

FIG. 9: is a perspective view of the intermediate tube provided by the present invention.

FIG. 10: the invention provides a cross-sectional view of an intermediate pipe.

FIG. 11: the invention provides a schematic structural diagram of a connecting pipe.

FIG. 12: the invention provides a schematic structural diagram of an adjusting rod.

FIG. 13: the invention provides a schematic structural diagram of the matching of the first straight rod, the middle rod and the end rod.

FIG. 14: the invention provides a schematic structural diagram of an intermediate rod.

FIG. 15: a side view of the intermediate bar is provided for the present invention.

FIG. 16: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a drill bit assembly.

FIG. 17: is another structural schematic diagram of the drill bit assembly provided by the invention.

FIG. 18: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a closing part.

FIG. 19: the invention provides another structural schematic diagram of the closing piece.

FIG. 20: the invention provides a schematic structural diagram of a switching elbow.

FIG. 21: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a horizontal supporting tube.

FIG. 22: the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of two temporary supporting structures which are matched after an anchor rod piece is removed from a fixed pipe and a closing piece and a horizontal supporting pipe are connected when the two temporary supporting structures are constructed by adopting a double-side pit method.

The reference numbers illustrate:

100. a detachable anchor rod device;

1. a fixed tube; 11. a convex ring; 111. mounting holes; 12. a rubber ring; 121. a through hole; 13. a fixed head; 14. connecting the pipe; 15. a transfer tube;

2. an anchor member; 21. a groove; 22. a slider; 23. a drill stem; 24. an intermediate pipe; 25. a connecting pipe;

3. a clamping jaw;

4. an expansion assembly; 41. an expansion member; 411. a radial lock lever; 412. a lateral locking bar; 42. an arc-shaped plate; 43. a first spring;

5. adjusting a rod; 51. a variable cross-section; 511. a transition conical surface; 52. a first straight rod; 53. a variable cross-section rod; 54. a second straight bar; 55. caulking grooves; 56. a locking block; 561. a second spring; 57. an intermediate lever; 571. a screw; 572. penetrating through the groove; 58. an end rod; 59. a screw hole;

6. a drill bit assembly; 61. a connecting cylinder; 611. a card slot; 62. a drill bit;

7. a closure;

8. switching a bent pipe;

9. a horizontal support tube;

200. a temporary support structure.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 22, the present embodiment provides a detachable anchor device including:

a fixed tube 1;

a hollow anchor rod member 2, the first end of which is detachably and fixedly connected with the first end of the fixed pipe 1, and the second end of which is fixedly provided with a clamping jaw 3; a plurality of groups of expansion assemblies 4 are arranged on the pipe wall of the anchor rod piece 2 at intervals along the axial direction of the pipe wall, and each group of expansion assemblies 4 comprises a plurality of expansion pieces 41 which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod piece 2 and can extend outwards;

the adjusting rod 5 is inserted in the anchor rod piece 2 in an axially sliding manner, and can push each expansion piece 41 to extend outwards;

and a drill bit assembly 6 located outside the second end of the shank member 2; the clamping jaw 3 can be clamped on a first end of the drill bit assembly 6, or a first end of the adjusting rod 5 can extend out of a second end of the anchor rod member 2 and be clamped on a first end of the drill bit assembly 6, and the clamping jaw 3 can be clamped on a first end of the adjusting rod 5.

The whole detachable anchor rod device 100 is mainly used for temporarily reinforcing a soil body to be excavated in the tunnel pit guiding method construction process. The second end mainly used of fixed pipe 1 is fixed with interim bearing structure 200 on the tunnel inner wall for fix whole removable anchor rod device 100 on interim bearing structure 200, stock spare 2 and drill bit assembly 6 are used for deepening the soil body of waiting to excavate in order to consolidate the country rock.

When the temporary supporting structure 200 is used, firstly, a soil body to be excavated is cut to form a plurality of slotted holes, after the temporary supporting structure 200 is installed, the fixed pipe 1, the anchor rod piece 2 and the drill bit assembly 6 are assembled and then inserted into the corresponding slotted holes, and at the moment, the clamping jaw 3 is clamped at the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, so that the drill bit assembly 6 can be temporarily clamped, and the drill bit assembly 6 can conveniently extend into the slotted holes along with the anchor rod piece 2; then fixing the second end of the fixed pipe 1 with the temporary support structure 200, and then inserting the adjusting rod 5 into the anchor member 2, so that each expansion member 41 can extend outward and penetrate into the soil around the anchor member 2; then the adjusting rod 5 continues to be pushed forwards, the first end of the adjusting rod 5 extends out of the anchor rod piece 2, the first end of the adjusting rod 5 is clamped at the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, the drill bit assembly 6 is separated from the clamping jaw 3 and pushed forwards under the thrust action of the adjusting rod 5, the drill bit assembly 6 is made to penetrate into the soil body at the bottom of the slotted hole, the end part of the anchor rod device is fixed in the soil body, and at the moment, the clamping jaw 3 is clamped on the adjusting rod 5.

When the adjusting rod 5 needs to be dismantled later, the adjusting rod is taken out, and the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod piece 2 can be removed in sequence in the soil body excavation process; the fixing tube 1 may be removed when the temporary support structure 200 is removed.

From this, the detachable anchor rod device 100 in this embodiment can not only be installed and detached quickly through the cooperation of the fixed pipe 1, the anchor rod piece 2, the adjusting rod 5 and the drill bit assembly 6, but also be recycled and reused conveniently, and the cost is saved. Through the matching of the adjusting rod 5 and the expansion pieces 41 on the anchor rod piece 2, after the adjusting rod 5 extends into the anchor rod piece 2, each expansion piece 41 can extend outwards and go deep into soil around the anchor rod piece 2 so as to reinforce the soil; after the first end of the adjusting rod 5 extends out of the anchor rod piece 2, the drill bit assembly 6 can be pushed to extend into the soil body at the bottom of the slotted hole in the soil body to be excavated, and the soil body is further reinforced; and then improved whole detachable anchor rod device 100 and the reinforcement effect to the soil body greatly, guaranteed that the country rock is more stable, improved the security of construction.

In a specific implementation, in order to facilitate the outward extension of the expansion members 41, as shown in fig. 7 to 10 and 12, each set of expansion assemblies 4 further includes an expansion ring enclosed by a plurality of arc-shaped plates 42, and the expansion ring is arranged in the anchor rod 2. Each expansion piece 41 comprises a radial locking rod 411 and two lateral locking rods 412 symmetrically arranged at two sides of the radial locking rod 411, the radial locking rods 411 are inserted on the pipe wall of the anchor rod piece 2 in a radially sliding manner, and each lateral locking rod 412 is positioned at the outer side of the anchor rod piece 2. The first ends of the two lateral locking rods 412 are hinged to the first ends of the radial locking rods 411, the second ends of the two lateral locking rods 412 are hinged to the outer wall of the anchor rod piece 2, the hinged points can slide along the axial direction of the anchor rod piece 2, and the second ends of the radial locking rods 411 extend into the anchor rod piece 2 and are fixedly connected with the corresponding arc-shaped plates 42. A plurality of variable cross-section sections 51 are formed on the adjusting rod 5 at intervals along the axial direction thereof, the outer diameter of each variable cross-section 51 is larger than that of the adjusting rod 5, both ends of each variable cross-section 51 are transition conical surfaces 511, and each variable cross-section 51 can be respectively inserted into the corresponding expansion ring.

Specifically, radial holes are formed in the pipe wall of the anchor rod member 2 at positions corresponding to the radial lock rods 411, so that the radial lock rods 411 can pass through the holes. The number of radial locking bars 411 in each expansion member 41 is the same as the number of arc-shaped plates 42, and the specific number is determined according to the requirement, for example, each expansion member 41 comprises four radial locking bars 411 and four arc-shaped plates 42 in the embodiment.

Before the adjusting rod 5 extends into the anchor rod piece 2, the arc-shaped plates 42 are closely arranged to form a circular ring, the radial locking rod 411 extends outwards for a minimum length at the moment, and the outer diameter of the adjusting rod 5 is matched with the inner diameter of the circular ring formed by the arc-shaped plates 42 at the moment; when the adjusting rod 5 extends into the anchor rod member 2, due to the existence of the variable cross-section sections 51 on the adjusting rod 5, when the variable cross-section sections 51 pass through the corresponding expansion ring positions, under the extrusion action of the variable cross-section sections 51, the arc-shaped plates 42 are separated from each other, the radial locking rods 411 are ejected outwards, and then the two lateral locking rods 412 on the two sides are pushed outwards to extend outwards to form a triangular bracket, and in the process that the radial locking rods 411 are ejected outwards, the triangular bracket continuously extends into the soil body, so that the anchor rod member 2 is clamped in the slotted hole to form stable reinforcement.

It can be understood that, in the process that the adjusting rod 5 extends into the anchor rod member 2, each expansion ring can expand and retract gradually until the adjusting rod 5 extends into the second end of the anchor rod member 2, each variable cross-section 51 just faces the position of each expansion ring, and each expansion member 41 extends outwards to form a triangular support to be deep into the soil body. In addition, the length of each section 51 is designed to be slightly longer so that when the adjustment rod 5 is further advanced and extended out of the second end of the rod member 2 to push the drill bit assembly 6, each section 51 still faces each expansion ring so that each expansion member 41 still keeps extending outward.

In practical application, in order to facilitate that the second end of each lateral locking rod 412 can slide on the outer wall of the anchor rod member 2 when extending outward, as shown in fig. 10, a groove 21 is formed in the outer wall of the anchor rod member 2 corresponding to the second end of each lateral locking rod 412, the length direction of the groove 21 extends along the axial direction of the anchor rod member 2, a sliding block 22 capable of sliding axially is embedded in the groove 21, and the second end of the lateral locking rod 412 is hinged to the sliding block 22.

Wherein, recess 21 is the throat structure to constitute spacingly to slider 22, specific processing and installation process are prior art, for example, can process out an open slot earlier, and embedding slider 22 back welds a clamping ring in the notch department of open slot, and this clamping ring and open slot constitute foretell recess 21.

More preferably, a first spring 43 (a compression spring) is further fixedly connected between the second end of the radial lock rod 411 and the corresponding arc plate 42. The length of the first spring 43 is generally set longer and the length of the radial lock lever 411 is set relatively shorter. Therefore, a certain buffering effect is achieved when the arc plate 42 pushes the radial lock rod 411 outwards, and the situation that the adjusting rod 5 cannot be pushed forwards continuously and cannot extend out of the anchor rod piece 2 due to the fact that the soil body is harder and the radial lock rod 411 cannot extend out for a certain length when the arc plate 42 directly pushes the radial lock rod 411 is avoided; through the cushioning effect of the first spring 43, even if the soil body is hard, the adjusting rod 5 can be ensured to smoothly pass through each expansion ring to reach the designated position, and each radial lock rod 411 can also extend out by a part of length to extend into the soil body in different degrees, so that the soil body is ensured to be reinforced.

Further, in order to facilitate the adjustment rod 5 to be able to be clamped on the drill bit assembly 6 after extending out of the anchor rod member 2, as shown in fig. 13 to 17, the drill bit assembly 6 includes a connecting cylinder 61 with an open end and a drill bit 62 fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting cylinder 61, the open end of the connecting cylinder 61 is the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, and the first end of the adjustment rod 5 can be inserted into the connecting cylinder 61.

The drill bit 62 is disposed coaxially with the connecting cylinder 61. In practical application, in order to ensure that the adjusting rod 5 and the connecting cylinder 61 can be coaxial when inserted into each other, a plurality of caulking grooves 55 are formed in the outer wall of the first end of the adjusting rod 5 along the circumferential direction thereof, the locking blocks 56 are radially slidably inserted into the respective caulking grooves 55, and a second spring 561 (which is a compression spring) is fixedly arranged between each locking block 56 and the bottom of the corresponding caulking groove 55. An annular clamping groove 611 is formed in the inner wall of the connecting cylinder 61, the cross section of the clamping groove 611 is triangular, the shape of the outer side end of each locking block 56 is matched with the shape of the clamping groove 611, and the outer side end of each locking block 56 can be clamped in the clamping groove 611.

So, if there is the small angle slope and not coaxial in the axis of adjusting pole 5 and the axis of connecting cylinder 61 at first, insert adjusting pole 5 in the connecting cylinder 61 and make each locking piece 56 card establish in draw-in groove 611 back, alright in order to make adjusting pole 5 and drill bit 62 basically coaxial to guarantee that adjusting pole 5 pushes away drill bit subassembly 6 forward and can not cause the damage to drill bit 62 when deepening the drill bit 62 in the soil body, increase of service life.

It will be appreciated that each locking block 56 has an inner end formed as a rectangular block having an outer end formed as a triangular prism and having two guide slopes symmetrically arranged at the outer end thereof so that the adjustment lever 5 can be smoothly extended into and out of the anchor member 2 and the connecting cylinder 61. The number of the locking pieces 56 is the same as that of the caulking grooves 55, and may be determined according to the requirement, for example, four locking pieces 56 are provided in the present embodiment. When the locking block 56 is locked in the locking groove 611, the end surface of the first end of the adjusting rod 5 just abuts against the bottom of the connecting cylinder 61, so as to ensure that the locking block 56 is still locked in the locking groove 611 when the adjusting rod 5 pushes the drill bit assembly 6 forward.

In addition, the type of the drill 62 can be selected according to actual needs, for example, a straight rod drill is adopted as shown in fig. 17, and the drill can be inserted into the soil by pushing the adjusting rod 5 straight; the twist drill can also be adopted according to the illustration in fig. 16, so that the twist drill can be screwed into the soil body when the adjusting rod 5 is screwed in, and the operation is more convenient; the construction of the particular drill bit 62 is conventional. Correspondingly, if the adjusting rod 5 is required to drive the drill bit assembly 6 to rotate forward, the size of the clamping groove 611 can be made smaller, the elastic coefficient of the second spring 561 is designed to be larger, and when the outer side end of each locking block 56 is clamped in the clamping groove 611, each second spring 561 still has larger elastic force, so that the adjusting rod 5 can drive the connecting cylinder 61 to rotate together. Or, a plurality of slots arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the connecting cylinder 61 can be replaced with the complete annular clamping groove 611, when the adjusting rod 5 extends into the connecting cylinder 61 and pushes the bottom of the inner cylinder of the connecting cylinder 61, the adjusting rod 5 is rotated to enable the locking blocks 56 to be respectively clamped in the corresponding slots, and the adjusting rod 5 and the connecting cylinder 61 can be circumferentially fixed and can rotate together. Of course, the adjusting rod 5 can be pushed forward directly when pushed forward, can also be pushed forward by itself to push the drill bit assembly 6 in a rotating manner, and can also drive the drill bit assembly 6 to rotate and advance together, specifically according to the requirement.

Further, in order to facilitate the manufacture and installation of the adjustment lever 5 and each caulking groove 55, as shown in fig. 12 to 15, the adjustment lever 5 includes a first straight lever 52, an intermediate lever 57 and an end lever 58 which are connected in series near a first end thereof, a second straight lever 54 near a second end thereof, and a plurality of variable cross-section levers 53 which are positioned between the first straight lever 52 and the second straight lever 54 and connected in series. The first straight bar 52 and the second straight bar 54 are fixedly connected, preferably by screwing, detachably between two adjacent variable section bars 53, each variable section bar 51 being formed on a respective variable section bar 53. Screw holes 59 are respectively arranged on the opposite end surfaces of the first straight rod 52 and the end rod 58, screw rods 571 are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the middle rod 57, and the screw rods 571 are in threaded connection with the corresponding screw holes 59. The intermediate rod 57 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of through grooves 572 penetrating both end surfaces thereof, and the through grooves 572 form caulking grooves 55 with the end surfaces of the first straight rod 52 and the end surface of the end rod 58.

Compared with the method of directly processing the caulking grooves 55 on the adjusting rod 5, the direct processing needs to adopt a slotting process, the cooperation of the middle rod 57 and the end rod 58 is adopted, the middle rod 57 can be cut during the processing, and then the middle rod 57 is connected with the first straight rod 52 and the end rod 58 to form each caulking groove 55, so that the operation difficulty is lower.

Further, in order to facilitate the installation and disassembly of the anchor rod member 2, as shown in fig. 7, the anchor rod member 2 includes a plurality of hollow drill rods 23 and a plurality of intermediate pipes 24 detachably fixed between each two adjacent drill rods 23, a connecting pipe 25 is detachably fixed to an end portion of each drill rod 23 near the second end of the anchor rod member 2, each set of expansion assemblies 4 is respectively disposed on the corresponding intermediate pipe 24, and the clamping jaws 3 are fixedly disposed on an end portion of the connecting pipe 25.

It will be appreciated that the above-mentioned grooves 21 open onto the corresponding intermediate tube 24. As shown in fig. 11, the end of the connecting tube 25 is preferably tapered to facilitate smooth insertion of the shank member 2 into the slot. Generally, the drill rods 23 and the adjacent middle pipes 24 and the connecting pipes 25 and the corresponding drill rods 23 are in threaded connection, so that the whole anchor rod part 2 can be sequentially disassembled in sections during disassembly, and the operation is convenient. The clamping jaw 3 comprises a plurality of jaw arms fixedly arranged on the connecting pipe 25, can be clamped on the outer wall of the opening end of the connecting cylinder 61 or the outer wall of the end part of the adjusting rod 5, and is also the prior art for the structure of the clamping jaw 3 as long as the clamping effect can be achieved.

Further, in order to facilitate the fixing of the fixing tube 1 and the temporary supporting structure 200, as shown in fig. 2 to fig. 6, the fixing tube 1 is of a sleeve structure, a protruding ring 11 is formed at the second end of the fixing tube 1 and protrudes outwards, and a plurality of mounting holes 111 are formed on the protruding ring 11.

Specifically, the first end of the stationary tube 1 is preferably threadedly connected to the first end of the anchor member 2. The entire fixed tube 1 may be composed of a fixed head 13, an adapter tube 14, and a switching tube 15, which are sequentially screwed, as necessary, with the male ring 11 formed on the fixed head 13.

In use, the operation of connecting the fixing tube 1 to the temporary support structure 200 is different according to the form of the temporary support structure 200. For example, as shown in fig. 22, when the temporary supporting structure 200 is a spliced plate structure, a through hole is formed at a corresponding position on the spliced plate structure, and a plurality of bolt holes are formed around the through hole; after the spliced plate body is installed, the whole detachable anchor rod device 100 is inserted into a slotted hole of a soil body to be excavated after penetrating through a perforation, and then the convex ring 11 is connected with the spliced plate body through a plurality of bolts so as to realize fixation; in this case, the mounting holes 111 are used to cooperate with corresponding bolt holes to mount bolts, and preferably, a rubber ring 12 is disposed on an end surface of the protruding ring 11 away from the first end of the fixing pipe 1, and through holes 121 are disposed on the rubber ring 12 at positions corresponding to the mounting holes 111 to ensure the firmness of bolt connection.

For another example, the temporary supporting structure 200 may be formed by injecting concrete into a conventional mesh reinforcement, inserting the entire detachable anchor device 100 into a slot of the soil to be excavated before the mesh reinforcement is laid, fastening the fixing pipe 1 with a cross-shaped steel bar frame formed by welding two U-shaped steel bars, inserting the fixing pipe into the soil to be excavated, fixing the protruding ring 11 with the cross-shaped steel bar frame by passing a steel wire through each installation hole 111, and injecting concrete. When the detachable anchor rod device 100 needs to be detached, the cross-shaped reinforcing steel frame is cut off, and the steel wires are detached, so that the detachable anchor rod device 100 can be conveniently detached. Of course, for other types of temporary support structures 200, the fixing tube 1 and the temporary support structure 200 may be fixed in a corresponding manner, and this embodiment is only for illustration.

Further, the present embodiment also provides a method for using the detachable anchor rod device 100, including the following steps:

and S1, performing undermining treatment on the soil body to be excavated to form a slotted hole. In this step, a corresponding number of slots are formed in the soil body to be excavated according to the number and arrangement of the required detachable anchor rod devices 100.

S2, assembling the fixing tube 1, the anchor rod piece 2 and the drill bit assembly 6, and clamping the clamping jaw 3 on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6; and then inserting the assembled part into the slotted hole, and fixedly connecting the second end of the fixed pipe 1 with a temporary support structure 200 arranged on the soil body to be excavated.

In this step, before assembly, in the tunnel excavation process, the type of the drill bit 62 is determined according to corresponding engineering geological data, the bearing range of the detachable anchor rod device 100 is determined through calculation, and then the assembly is assembled according to the calculation structure. Meanwhile, grease can be coated on all parts of the assembly part, which can be contacted with the adjusting rod 5, so that the lubricating effect is mainly achieved, the equipment is protected, and meanwhile, the adjusting rod 5 can be smoothly screwed in and out; in addition, the two sides of each arc-shaped plate 42 can be inclined to match with the transition conical surfaces 511 at the two ends of the variable cross-section 51, so as to facilitate the extension and extension of the adjusting rod 5.

S3, the adjusting rod 5 is inserted into the pin member 2 and extended forward to a predetermined position so that each of the expansion members 41 is extended outward and into the soil around the pin member 2.

In the step, when the adjusting rod 5 is stretched into, the adjusting rod 5 can be continuously screwed in by matching with a screwing-in mechanical device, and the adjusting rod 5 can also be directly pushed forward, and the operation is stopped until the adjusting rod reaches the effective fixing position.

S4, continuously pushing the adjusting rod 5 forward to enable the first end of the adjusting rod to extend out of the anchor rod piece 2 and be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly 6, enabling the drill bit assembly 6 to be separated from the clamping jaw 3 and be pushed forward under the thrust action of the adjusting rod 5 to enable the drill bit assembly 6 to be deep into soil at the bottom of the slotted hole; the clamping jaw 3 is clamped on the adjusting rod 5.

S5, when soil bodies in anchoring areas of all detachable anchor rod devices 100 are excavated, the adjusting rods 5 are taken out, and then the drill bit assemblies 6 and the anchor rod pieces 2 are removed in the soil body excavation process.

In the step, the adjusting rod 5 needs to be released firstly, so that the internal force of the drill bit assembly 6 and each expansion piece 41 on the anchor rod piece 2 is released, then the adjusting rod 5 is taken out of the assembly piece, and at the moment, the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod piece 2 are still left in the soil body; and finally, the drill bit assembly 6 and the anchor rod piece 2 are sequentially removed in a subsection mode in the soil body excavation process.

Further preferably, the following steps are also included after step S5:

s6, after the anchor rod member 2 is removed, connecting a closing member 7 or a horizontal supporting tube 9 to the first end of the fixing tube 1; after the temporary support structure 200 is dismantled, the closing member 7 or the horizontal support tube 9 is removed.

After the anchor member 2 is removed, the fixing tube 1 is connected with the closing member 7 or the horizontal support tube 9 to form an anchor or a lateral support, which serves as a bolt of the temporary support structure 200, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the temporary support structure 200.

More specifically, referring to fig. 18, 19 and 22, the closing member 7 is a cylindrical structure with one open end, and the open end of the cylindrical structure is screwed with the first end of the fixed pipe 1, and specifically, the outer wall of the open end of the closing member 7 is screwed with the inner wall of the fixed pipe 1. After the anchor member 2 is removed, the closing member 7 may be attached to the fixing tube 1 to serve as an anchor of the temporary support structure 200. The screw thread for the open end of the cylinder structure may be formed directly on the outer wall of the cylinder structure as shown in fig. 18, or an annular inner plug may be formed inside the cylinder structure as shown in fig. 19, and the screw thread is formed on the outer wall of the annular inner plug.

Referring to fig. 20 to 22, the first end of the fixed pipe 1 is threadedly connected with an adapter elbow 8, and the adapter elbow 8 is threadedly connected with the end of the horizontal support pipe 9. Because the axial direction of the fixed pipe 1 during installation is not along the horizontal direction but along the side wall of the pilot tunnel according to a certain angle slope, the fixed pipe 1 can be conveniently connected with a horizontal supporting pipe 9 which is horizontally arranged through the switching bent pipe 8. The general switching elbow 8 comprises a horizontal section pipe and an inclined section pipe, wherein the outer wall of the inclined section pipe is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the fixed pipe 1, and the outer wall of the horizontal section pipe is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the horizontal supporting pipe 9. After the anchor rod 2 is removed, the horizontal support tube 9 can be connected to the fixing tube 1 through the adapting elbow 8 to form a lateral support, so that the stability and safety of the temporary support structure 200 are further improved.

For a tunnel constructed by the double-side pit method, as shown in fig. 22, both ends of the horizontal support pipe 9 may be directly connected with the fixed pipes 1 connected in the two temporary support structures 200 provided on the guide pits on both sides; for the tunnel constructed by the single-side pit method, one end of the horizontal supporting pipe 9 is connected with the fixed pipe 1, and the other end of the horizontal supporting pipe can be directly connected with the side wall of the excavated soil body of the pilot tunnel (the side wall of the excavated soil body needs to be simply processed). For a plurality of detachable anchor rod devices 100 installed on the whole temporary support, the specific installation closing member 7 or the horizontal support pipe 9 is installed on each fixed pipe 1 according to actual needs.

In summary, the whole detachable anchor rod device 100 and the using method thereof have at least the following advantages:

(1) the whole detachable anchor rod device 100 is reasonably assembled according to engineering requirements, can work under various geological conditions, and has high adaptability; when the anchor rod device is used, the assembled assembly parts are inserted into corresponding slotted holes, the fixing pipe 1 can be fixed on the temporary support structure 200 through bolt connection, and the anchor rod device and the temporary support structure 200 form an integral structure; the expansion pieces 41 are extruded and expanded by pushing the adjusting rod 5 to form a triangular support, so that the anchor rod piece 2 can be clamped and fixed in soil around the anchor rod piece; the drill bit component 6 can be pushed forwards and deeply enter the soil body by continuously pushing the adjusting rod 5, the soil body is further reinforced, and the structure is more stable.

(2) The bolt piece 2 is applied with acting force by screwing the adjusting rod 5, so that the stress of the bolt piece 2 can be accurately controlled, and the inner force is released by screwing the adjusting rod 5 out in the disassembling process, so that the excavating efficiency of a soil body can be improved to a certain extent; the whole detachable anchor rod device 100 can control the stress of the anchor rod device through calculation at multiple positions, mechanical construction is facilitated, the structural safety performance can be effectively guaranteed, and the construction efficiency is improved.

(3) The anchor rod piece 2 meets the design requirement of the anchor rod piece 2 through the assembly of the drill rods 23, the intermediate pipes 24 and the connecting pipe 25, and can be sequentially disassembled in sections and sections in the disassembling process, so that the anchor rod piece has high flexibility and can be conveniently recycled in the subsequent construction process. Compared with the traditional small grouting anchor rod, the detachable anchor rod device 100 can be repeatedly used, all parts are easy to replace, the cost of building materials and soil body reinforcement in the tunnel construction process can be greatly saved, and the economical efficiency is better; and mechanical control is considered to a certain extent, so that the method has a good application prospect.

(4) After the anchor rod piece 2 is disassembled, partial fixed pipes 1 can be flexibly combined according to the arrangement condition of the temporary supporting structure 200, the horizontal supporting pipes 9 are connected through the switching elbow 8 to form transverse support, or the closing piece 7 is connected to form an anchoring piece, the stability and the safety of the temporary supporting structure 200 are further improved, and the tunnel construction safety protection device has a good effect.

The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (12)

1. A detachable anchor rod device, comprising:

a fixed tube;

the first end of the hollow anchor rod piece is detachably and fixedly connected with the first end of the fixed pipe, and the second end of the hollow anchor rod piece is fixedly provided with a clamping jaw; a plurality of groups of expansion assemblies are arranged on the pipe wall of the anchor rod piece at intervals along the axial direction of the anchor rod piece, and each group of expansion assemblies comprises a plurality of expansion pieces which are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the anchor rod piece and can extend outwards;

the adjusting rod can be axially inserted in the anchor rod piece in a sliding manner and can push each expansion piece to extend outwards;

and a drill bit assembly located outside the second end of the shank member; the clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, or the first end of the adjusting rod can extend out of the second end of the anchor rod piece and is clamped at the first end of the drill bit assembly, and the clamping jaw can be clamped on the first end of the adjusting rod.

2. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 1,

each group of expansion assemblies also comprises an expansion ring formed by enclosing a plurality of arc-shaped plates, and the expansion ring is arranged in the anchor rod piece; each expansion piece comprises a radial locking rod and two lateral locking rods symmetrically arranged on two sides of the radial locking rod, the radial locking rods can be inserted on the pipe wall of the anchor rod piece in a radially sliding manner, and each lateral locking rod is positioned on the outer side of the anchor rod piece;

the first ends of the two lateral locking rods are hinged with the first ends of the radial locking rods, the second ends of the two lateral locking rods are hinged with the outer wall of the anchor rod piece, the hinged point can slide along the axial direction of the anchor rod piece, and the second ends of the radial locking rods extend into the anchor rod piece and are fixedly connected with the corresponding arc-shaped plates; and a plurality of variable cross-section sections are formed on the adjusting rod at intervals along the axial direction of the adjusting rod, the outer diameter of each variable cross-section is larger than that of the adjusting rod, two ends of each variable cross-section are transition conical surfaces, and each variable cross-section can be respectively inserted into the corresponding expansion ring.

3. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 2,

the outer wall of the anchor rod piece is provided with a groove corresponding to the second end of each lateral locking rod, the length direction of the groove extends along the axial direction of the anchor rod piece, a sliding block capable of axially sliding is embedded in the groove, and the second end of each lateral locking rod is hinged to the sliding block.

4. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 2,

and a first spring is fixedly connected between the second end of the radial lock rod and the corresponding arc-shaped plate.

5. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 2,

the drill bit assembly comprises a connecting cylinder with an opening at one end and a drill bit fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting cylinder, the open end of the connecting cylinder is the first end of the drill bit assembly, and the first end of the adjusting rod can be inserted into the connecting cylinder.

6. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 5,

a plurality of caulking grooves are formed in the outer wall of the first end of the adjusting rod along the circumferential direction of the adjusting rod, locking blocks are embedded in the caulking grooves in a radially sliding manner, and second springs are fixedly arranged between the locking blocks and the bottoms of the corresponding caulking grooves; the inner wall of the connecting cylinder is provided with an annular clamping groove, the cross section of the clamping groove is triangular, the shape of the outer side end of each locking block is matched with that of the clamping groove, and the outer side end of each locking block can be clamped in the clamping groove.

7. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 6,

the adjusting rod comprises a first straight rod, a middle rod and an end rod which are close to the first end of the adjusting rod and are sequentially connected, a second straight rod close to the second end of the adjusting rod, and a plurality of variable cross-section rods which are positioned between the first straight rod and the second straight rod and are sequentially connected; the adjacent two variable cross-section rods, the first straight rod, the second straight rod and the corresponding variable cross-section rods are detachably and fixedly connected, and each variable cross-section is formed on the corresponding variable cross-section rod;

screw holes are formed in the opposite end faces of the first straight rod and the end rod, screws are fixedly arranged at the two ends of the middle rod, and the screws are in threaded connection with the corresponding screw holes; and a plurality of through grooves penetrating through the end faces of two sides of the middle rod are formed in the middle rod along the circumferential direction, and the embedded grooves are formed between the through grooves and the end faces of the first straight rod and the end faces of the end rods.

8. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 1,

the stock spare includes that a plurality of hollow drilling rods and a plurality of ground rigid couplings that can dismantle are in each adjacent two intermediate tube between the drilling rod is being close to stock spare second end the tip rigid coupling that can dismantle of drilling rod has the connecting pipe, each group expansion assembly establishes respectively and corresponds on the intermediate tube, the clamping jaw sets firmly the tip of connecting pipe.

9. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 1,

the fixed pipe is of a sleeve structure, the second end of the fixed pipe protrudes outwards to form a convex ring, and a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the convex ring.

10. A removable rock bolt apparatus according to claim 9,

the end face, far away from the first end of the fixed pipe, of the convex ring is provided with a rubber ring, and through holes are formed in the rubber ring at positions corresponding to the mounting holes.

11. A method of using a removable rock bolt means according to any one of claims 1 to 10, including the steps of:

s1, performing cutting treatment on the soil body to be excavated to form a slotted hole;

s2, assembling the fixing tube, the anchor rod piece and the drill bit assembly, and clamping the clamping jaw on the first end of the drill bit assembly; then inserting the assembled parts into the slotted holes, and fixedly connecting the second ends of the fixed pipes with temporary support structures arranged on the soil body to be excavated;

s3, inserting the adjusting rod into the anchor rod piece and extending forwards to a specified position so that each expansion piece extends outwards and deeply penetrates into the soil around the anchor rod piece;

s4, continuously pushing the adjusting rod forward to enable the first end of the adjusting rod to extend out of the anchor rod piece and be clamped on the first end of the drill bit assembly, and enabling the drill bit assembly to be separated from the clamping jaw and be pushed forward under the thrust action of the adjusting rod to enable the drill bit assembly to penetrate into the soil body on the bottom of the slotted hole;

s5, when soil bodies in the anchoring areas of the detachable anchor rod devices are excavated, the adjusting rods are taken out firstly, and then the drill bit assemblies and the anchor rod pieces are removed in the soil body excavation process.

12. Use of a removable rock bolt means according to claim 11,

the following steps are also included after step S5:

s6, after the anchor rod piece is removed, a closing piece or a horizontal supporting tube is connected to the first end of the fixing tube; and after the temporary supporting structure is dismantled, removing the closing piece or the horizontal supporting pipe.

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