CN114961711A - Method for determining effective thickness limit in low-permeability reservoir reserve calculation - Google Patents
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012407 engineering method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 73
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil reservoir development, and relates to a method for determining an effective thickness limit in the calculation of reserves of a low-permeability oil reservoir. The method comprises the following steps: determining the effective thickness and permeability of an oil layer by using a method combining a logging interpretation technology and an oil reservoir engineering method; obtaining an oil layer specific recovery index through an oil reservoir engineering method, and further determining a quantitative relation between the oil layer specific recovery index and the reservoir permeability; and establishing a relation curve of the effective thickness and the permeability, and calculating effective thickness limits meeting different storage calculation standards under different conditions by using the relation curve. The invention realizes the calculation of the effective thickness threshold value meeting the calculation standards of different reserves in the petroleum reserve estimation and solves the practical problem in the low-permeability reservoir reserve estimation. Meanwhile, the method provides a method basis for determining the reserve estimation boundary of the tight sandstone and the shale oil, and has important application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil reservoir development, and relates to a method for determining an effective thickness limit in the calculation of reserves of a low-permeability oil reservoir, which mainly relates to the contents of determination of effective thickness and permeability of an oil reservoir, calculation and application of a specific oil extraction index, evaluation of effective thickness limits meeting different productivity requirements under different production pressure differences and the like.
Background
According to the oil reservoir engineering theory, the oil reservoir yield and the flow coefficient thereof have positive correlation, and the flow coefficient calculation formula is as follows: the flow coefficient is reservoir permeability (K) x effective thickness (h)/formation fluid viscosity (μ). When the stratum permeability and the stratum fluid viscosity of an oil reservoir do not change greatly and the production mode is similar, the oil layer yield is mainly determined by the effective thickness of the oil layer. The low-permeability oil reservoir generally has larger burial depth, most of the burial depth is larger than 3000m through statistics, according to the requirements of 'petroleum and natural gas reserves estimation specification' (DZ/T0217-2020), the daily oil production required by the reserves calculation standard is more than 5 square/day, and when the reserves are estimated, the effective thickness limit value meeting the reserves calculation standard must be calculated.
The storage capacity calculation standard, namely the lower limit of the daily production of oil and gas of a single well for storage capacity estimation, is the minimum economic condition for reporting the oil and gas storage capacity, and the storage capacity calculation standard of oil reservoirs under different burial depths is specified in the oil and gas storage capacity estimation specification (DZ/T0217-. The effective thickness of the oil layer is the thickness of the part of the effective reservoir layer with oil production capacity in the oil-bearing stratum which reaches the calculation standard of the reservoir quantity, and the lower limit standards of lithology, oil-bearing property, physical property and electrical property of the effective thickness are required to be determined in the reservoir quantity estimation process, but no clear requirement is put on the determination of the thickness limit (the effective thickness limit for short) of the effective reservoir layer. For a low-permeability reservoir, the effective thickness limit is required to be relatively high to meet the minimum requirement of reservoir estimation and is a parameter which must be considered in actual work if the daily oil yield reaching the reservoir calculation standard is required to be obtained due to low reservoir permeability.
TABLE 1 onshore oil reservoir reserves calculation criteria
Note: according to the petroleum and natural gas reserves estimation norm (DZ/T0217-
The single-phase radial steady-state flow yield formula of the constant-pressure boundary oil reservoir vertical well can be obtained according to Darcy's law as follows:
wherein Q is the daily oil production per well, m 3 D; k is reservoir air permeability, mD; h is the effective thickness, m; p e ，P wf Respectively supplying boundary pressure and bottom flow pressure of a production well, namely MPa; Δ P is the production differential pressure, MPa; μ is the formation fluid viscosity, mPa · s; r is e ，r w Feed radius and wellbore radius, m, respectively.
In the process of oil field development, the production capacity of an oil and gas reservoir is influenced by a plurality of factors, and the comprehensive reflection of various influencing factors is realized. For the same oil reservoir, the influence of some geological parameters with large changes on the productivity is large, and the influence of other geological parameters with small changes, such as the property of formation fluid, the supply radius of an oil well, the radius of a well bore and the like, can be ignored in the actual analysis.
According to the above formula and the analysis of main influence factors of productivity, quantitative relations exist between reservoir permeability, effective thickness, formation fluid properties, production pressure difference and productivity, and the relations can be quantitatively characterized through specific oil extraction indexes. The specific oil recovery index (J) expresses the oil production capacity per unit effective thickness under the unit production pressure difference, and the calculation formula is as follows:
for reservoirs with the same or similar crude oil properties of the stratum, the specific recovery index obtained by the formula mainly depends on the permeability of the reservoir, and the specific recovery index and the permeability are in a positive correlation relationship.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for determining an effective thickness limit in low-permeability reservoir reserves estimation. The method establishes an effective thickness limit calculation plate based on the specific oil extraction index by using the parameters of daily oil production, production pressure difference, effective thickness, permeability and the like of the oil well, realizes the calculation of the effective thickness limit meeting the calculation standards of different reserves in the estimation of the oil reserves, and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for determining an effective thickness limit in estimation of reserves of a low-permeability reservoir, which comprises the following steps: determining the effective thickness and permeability of an oil layer by using a method combining a logging interpretation technology and an oil reservoir engineering method; obtaining an oil layer specific oil extraction index through an oil reservoir engineering method, and further determining a quantitative relation between the oil layer specific oil extraction index and the reservoir permeability; and establishing a relation curve of the effective thickness and the permeability, and calculating effective thickness limits meeting different storage calculation standards under different conditions by using the relation curve.
Further, by combining the core analysis, the production test and the logging interpretation method, an effective thickness division standard and a reservoir permeability interpretation model are established, and the effective thickness and the permeability of the oil well production interval are determined.
Further, a production differential pressure for the production interval is calculated using the pressure test results, the fluid level, and the fluid analysis results for the production well.
Further, the daily oil production before and after the fracturing of the oil well and the effective thickness, permeability and production pressure difference data of the production interval are substituted into a specific oil extraction index calculation formula, so that the specific oil extraction index before and after the fracturing can be obtained.
Further, drawing a relation curve graph of permeability-oil layer ratio oil extraction index according to the calculated permeability and oil layer ratio oil extraction index of each oil well; and respectively fitting data points before and after fracturing, establishing a relation between permeability and a specific oil recovery index, and determining a quantitative relation between an oil layer specific oil recovery index and reservoir permeability.
Further, according to the fitted relation between the permeability and the specific oil extraction index, effective thickness values meeting the standard oil production requirement of different reserves under the conditions of different production pressure differences and different permeabilities are calculated; and establishing a relation curve graph with the horizontal axis as the permeability and the vertical axis as the effective thickness limit value according to different oil production quantities by dividing the calculated effective thickness and permeability into different production pressure differences.
Further, according to two production modes of non-fracturing and fracturing, different production pressure difference or reserve calculation standards are set, and a relation curve graph with the horizontal axis as permeability and the vertical axis as an effective thickness limit value is established.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for determining an effective thickness limit in estimation of reserves of a low-permeability reservoir, which establishes an effective thickness limit calculation plate based on a specific oil extraction index by using parameters such as daily oil yield, production pressure difference, effective thickness, permeability and the like of an oil well, and realizes calculation of the effective thickness limit meeting calculation standards of different reserves in estimation of the oil reserves. The method can solve the practical problem in the estimation of the reserves of the low-permeability oil reservoir. Meanwhile, the method provides a method basis for determining the reserve estimation boundary of the tight sandstone and the shale oil, and has important application value.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph of specific recovery index versus permeability for a reservoir interval according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of effective thickness margin versus permeability for a reservoir interval according to example 1 of the present invention (20 MPa differential production pressure without fracturing);
FIG. 3 is a graph of effective thickness limit versus permeability for a reservoir interval according to example 1 of the present invention (not fractured, daily oil production is 5 square/day);
FIG. 4 is a graph of effective thickness limit versus permeability for a reservoir interval according to example 1 of the present invention (fracturing, 20MPa differential pressure);
fig. 5 is a graph of effective thickness limit versus permeability for a reservoir interval according to example 1 of the present invention (fracturing, daily oil production is 5 square/day).
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for determining an effective thickness limit in the calculation of reserves of a low permeability reservoir, comprising the steps of:
firstly, determining the effective thickness and permeability of an oil well perforation interval according to a rock core and logging information;
secondly, calculating the production pressure difference by using the pressure, the working fluid level and the fluid analysis result;
thirdly, calculating a specific oil recovery index before and after fracturing by using the daily oil yield, the effective thickness, the permeability and the production pressure difference data before and after the fracturing of the oil well;
fourthly, establishing a relation curve graph with the permeability as a horizontal axis and the specific oil recovery index as a vertical axis according to the calculation result data of each oil well;
fifthly, fitting data points before and after fracturing respectively, and establishing a relation between permeability and a specific oil recovery index;
sixthly, calculating effective thickness values meeting the standard oil production requirement of different reserves under the conditions of different production pressure differences and different permeabilities according to the fitted relation between the permeability and the specific oil recovery index;
the seventh step: according to two production modes of non-fracturing and fracturing, different production pressure difference or reserve calculation standards are adopted, a relation curve graph with the permeability on the horizontal axis and the effective thickness limit value on the vertical axis is established according to different oil production amounts of the calculated effective thickness and permeability, and the effective thickness limit values meeting the different reserve calculation standards can be quickly obtained by utilizing the relation curve graph.
By adopting the method described in embodiment 1, a relation curve chart of a specific oil recovery index and a permeability is established by using data of four sections of sand in an oil field in Bohai south as shown in fig. 1. According to two production modes of non-fracturing and fracturing, different production pressure difference or reserve calculation standards are divided, and a relation curve graph with the permeability on the horizontal axis and the effective thickness threshold value on the vertical axis is drawn, for example, when an oil layer is not fractured and the production pressure difference is 20MPa, the relation curve graph with the permeability on the horizontal axis and the effective thickness threshold value on the vertical axis under different reserve calculation standards is shown in fig. 2; FIG. 3 is a graph of permeability on the horizontal axis and effective thickness threshold on the vertical axis under different production differential pressures when the reservoir is not fractured and the calculation standard of reserve is 5 square/day; fig. 4 and 5 are graphs showing the relationship between permeability on the horizontal axis and effective thickness limit value on the vertical axis after oil layer fracturing. A series of relation curve graphs can be drawn according to different reservoir reservoirs and production conditions, and effective thickness limits meeting different reservoir quantity calculation standards under different conditions can be quickly obtained by using the relation curve graphs.
Specifically, when the burial depth, the air permeability (obtained by using core physical analysis or well logging curve calculation), the production pressure difference (obtained by using an oil reservoir engineering method or regional experience) and the production mode (whether fracturing is performed) of a certain oil reservoir are known, the storage calculation standard (namely the daily output lower limit of an oil single well) is obtained by checking in a table 1, and the corresponding effective thickness limit can be obtained by using graphs of fig. 2 to fig. 4 and other series relations, and can be used as the effective thickness value calculated from the single well for estimating the oil exploration reserves.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for determining an effective thickness limit in estimation of reserves of a low permeability reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps: determining the effective thickness and permeability of an oil layer by using a method combining a logging interpretation technology and an oil reservoir engineering method; obtaining an oil layer specific recovery index through an oil reservoir engineering method, and further determining a quantitative relation between the oil layer specific recovery index and the reservoir permeability; and establishing a relation curve of the effective thickness and the permeability, and calculating effective thickness limits meeting different storage calculation standards under different conditions by using the relation curve.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the effective thickness and permeability of the productive interval of the oil well are determined by establishing an effective thickness division standard and a reservoir permeability interpretation model through combination of core analysis, production testing and well logging interpretation methods.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the differential production pressure for the production interval is calculated using pressure test results, fluid levels, and fluid analysis results for the production well.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific oil recovery index before and after fracturing can be obtained by substituting the daily oil production before and after fracturing of the oil well and the effective thickness, permeability and production pressure difference data of the production interval into a specific oil recovery index calculation formula.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a permeability-reservoir-ratio-oil-production-index relation graph is drawn according to the calculated permeability and reservoir-ratio-oil-production-index of each oil well; and respectively fitting data points before and after fracturing, establishing a relation between permeability and a specific oil recovery index, and determining a quantitative relation between an oil layer specific oil recovery index and reservoir permeability.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein effective thickness values required for achieving standard oil production from different reserves under different production pressure differences and different permeabilities are calculated according to the fitted permeability-specific oil recovery index relationship; and establishing a relation curve graph with the horizontal axis as permeability and the vertical axis as an effective thickness limit value.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein a graph is established with permeability on the horizontal axis and effective thickness limit on the vertical axis based on the non-fractured and fractured production modes and on different production pressure differences or reserves.
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