CN114961663B - A sand control method filled with expandable permeable material - Google Patents
A sand control method filled with expandable permeable material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114961663B CN114961663B CN202110188754.4A CN202110188754A CN114961663B CN 114961663 B CN114961663 B CN 114961663B CN 202110188754 A CN202110188754 A CN 202110188754A CN 114961663 B CN114961663 B CN 114961663B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/02—Subsoil filtering
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种填充可膨胀渗透性材料的防砂方法。该防砂方法包括：采用携砂液将具有膨胀功能的多孔材料填充到射孔孔道和地层亏空带中，在地层温度或催化剂作用下所述多孔材料发生膨胀，固定在射孔孔道中。膨胀后的多孔材料类似流体过滤器，可以阻止地层砂进入井筒，同时允许地层流体通过，如此起到防砂的作用。本发明采用可膨胀渗透材料填充射孔孔道的防砂方法，具有措施成本低、综合效果好的优点，满足油田开发生产的需要。
The present invention discloses a sand control method using a swellable permeable material. The sand control method comprises: using a sand-carrying fluid to fill a porous material with a swellable function into a perforation channel and a formation deficit zone, wherein the porous material swells under the action of formation temperature or a catalyst and is fixed in the perforation channel. The expanded porous material is similar to a fluid filter, which can prevent formation sand from entering the wellbore while allowing formation fluid to pass through, thereby playing a role in sand control. The sand control method using a swellable permeable material to fill the perforation channel of the present invention has the advantages of low cost and good comprehensive effect, and meets the needs of oilfield development and production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction, in particular to a sand prevention method for filling an expandable permeable material.
Background
The sand production of an oil-gas well refers to a process or a phenomenon that rock structure of a stratum nearby a well bottom is changed due to various comprehensive factors such as geological conditions, exploitation modes, measure operation and the like in the production process of the oil-gas well, so that scattered sand or shed sand of the stratum is carried into a shaft or the ground by produced fluid of the stratum, and a series of adverse effects are caused on normal production of the oil-gas well.
The main way to solve the sand production problem of oil and gas well is to adopt sand control technology to prevent the sand produced by stratum from entering the well bore or to artificially strengthen the consolidation degree of the stratum rock nearby so as to control the sand production of stratum. The existing sand control technology is mainly divided into two major categories of mechanical sand control and chemical sand control, and concretely can be divided into screen pipe sand control technology, gravel packing sand control technology, fracturing sand control technology, artificial well wall sand control technology, chemical sand fixation technology and the like. These sand control techniques are adaptable to different downhole conditions, each having advantages and disadvantages.
In order to better solve the problem of sand production of oil wells, novel sand control technologies are developed in recent years. Chinese patent (CN 102224321 a) discloses a shape memory polyurethane foam for use in a downhole sand control filter. The shape memory polyurethane foam is processed into a downhole sand control filter device, which can be maintained in a compressed position at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature of the sand control filter device, and after being lowered into an oil well, the sand control filter device is expanded from the compressed position to an expanded position and conforms to a borehole structure when being heated to a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature of the sand control filter device, so that the purpose of preventing the formation sand from generating is achieved. Laboratory experiments show that the shape memory polyurethane foam has expansibility and porous filterability, and is an excellent sand control material. The sand control filter device is manufactured by foreign companies by using the material, and is put into field application in 2010. However, in the last decade, the sand control filter device has not been widely popularized and applied to mines, mainly because of the defects which are difficult to overcome. The sand control filter device mainly has the following problems: (1) The shape memory polyurethane foam is large in dosage, and the processing technology of the sand control filter device is complex, so that the cost of the sand control filter device is very high and is far higher than that of the existing sand control technology; (2) During the process of putting the sand control filter device into a shaft, the shape memory polyurethane foam coating layer on the outer layer of the sand control filter device is easy to damage due to the friction effect between the sand control filter device and the shaft wall; (3) Once the sand control filter device fails, the sand control filter device is difficult to salvage in the well; (4) For the oil well with perforation completion, the shape memory polyurethane foam of the sand control filter device cannot expand into the empty zone and perforation tunnels of the stratum, cannot support stratum sand, and the sand migration causes the sand control filter device to be blocked and scour and damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior sand control technology, the invention provides a sand control method for filling expandable permeable materials, which has the advantages of low measure cost and good comprehensive effect and meets the requirements of oil field development and production.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a sand control method of filling an expandable permeable material, the sand control method comprising: and filling the porous material with expansion function into the perforation tunnels and the stratum depletion zone by adopting sand-carrying fluid, and expanding the porous material under the action of stratum temperature or a catalyst to fix the porous material in the perforation tunnels. The expanded porous material resembles a fluid filter that prevents formation sand from entering the wellbore while allowing formation fluid to pass.
In accordance with the sand control methods of the present invention, the porous material preferably has a pre-expansion dimension that is less than the perforation tunnel dimension, and an post-expansion dimension that is greater than the perforation tunnel dimension, and is capable of conforming to the perforation tunnel structure and being secured within the perforation tunnel.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the porous material having an expansion function is a completely open cell structure, and the cell size is 0.05mm to 0.50mm.
The size of the holes of the porous material with the expansion function is equal to the sand blocking precision, and the porous material is designed according to the stratum sand granularity parameters.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the porous material with expansion function adopts a shape memory material or a composite body composed of the shape memory material and other materials.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the shape memory material comprises a shape memory polymer foam, a porous shape memory alloy, or a shape memory polymer and foam metal composite.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the shape memory polymer foam includes a shape memory polyurethane foam or a shape memory epoxy foam, etc.;
The other materials include fibrous and particulate materials as a filler material for the shape memory polymer; the particulate material comprises one or a combination of more than two of calcium carbonate, silica and alumina.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the porous material with expansion function is spherical, i.e. is a porous sphere, and in addition, may be other shapes, so long as the porous material can enter into the formation blank zone and perforation tunnels through perforation holes.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the compressive strength of the expanded porous spheres is greater than 2MPa. Namely, under the production pressure difference of more than 2MPa, the expanded porous ball cannot deform seriously, and the sand prevention effect is affected.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the deformation temperature required for the expansion of the porous material with expansion function is less than the formation temperature; otherwise, after the porous material is injected, injecting a hot fluid (such as hot water) with a temperature higher than the deformation temperature of the porous material; so that the porous material expands at the temperature of the hot fluid and becomes immobilized within the perforation tunnels.
In accordance with the sand control method of the present invention, each perforation tunnel is preferably filled with at least one porous material, and at least one of the porous materials is located in a cement sheath or casing section.
According to the sand control method of the present invention, preferably, the outer surface of the porous material having an expansion function is coated with a polyvinyl alcohol film.
Compared with the prior sand control technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The sand control method disclosed by the invention is simple in construction, does not need to be used for a screen pipe, does not need to be filled with resin sand, saves construction procedures and sand control materials, and can greatly reduce the cost of sand control measures.
(2) The shape restoring force or elastic restoring force of the porous material is used for supporting the rock wall surface of the pore canal of the shooting hole, so that the rock is prevented from structural damage and sand migration of the rock framework; the sand control effect is good, the blockage is not easy to occur, and the influence on the oil well yield is small.
(3) The well bore does not leave a pipe column, so that the production test and the later well repair operation are facilitated.
(4) After sand prevention is invalid, special treatment is not needed, and ball throwing sand prevention operation can be repeated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the expanded porous ball provided in example 1 prior to expansion in a perforation tunnel.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the expanded porous ball provided in example 1 after expansion in a perforation tunnel.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of the dimensions of the expanded porous ball before and after expansion in the example.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for sand control effect of expanded porous spheres in example 3.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-expanded porous spheres, 2-perforation tunnels, 31-casing, 32-cement sheath, 33-formation;
42-sand filling pipe and 43-stratum sand.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and that this invention is not limited to the details given herein.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides a sand control method for filling perforation tunnels wherein the porous material used with the expansion function is spherical, known as an expanded porous sphere.
Firstly, an oil pipe is put down, after the front fluid is extruded and injected, sand-carrying fluid is injected, and the sand-carrying fluid is mixed with the expansion porous balls. The sand-carrying fluid fills the expanded porous balls 1 into the perforation tunnels 2 as shown in figure 1; the expanded porous spheres 1 expand and become anchored in the perforation tunnels 2 under formation temperature or catalyst, as shown in figure 2. The expanded porous ball resembles a fluid filter, which prevents formation sand from entering the wellbore, while allowing formation fluid to pass through, thus providing a sand control effect.
To ensure sand control, it is necessary to ensure that at least one expanded porous ball 1 must be filled in each perforation tunnel 2 during the pitching operation, and at least one of the expanded porous balls is located in a cement collar 32 or casing section 31, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, wherein 33 is the formation.
The expansion porous ball adopts shape memory polyurethane foam, which is a foam structure material with shape memory function, and the expansion function of the porous ball is realized by utilizing the shape recovery characteristic of the foam structure material. And injecting the shape memory polyurethane into a foaming device, foaming the material in a closed mold, and curing to obtain the original shape memory foam. After the original shape memory foam is softened by heating stimulus, constant pressure is applied to the foam to enable the foam to deform by more than 20%, the shape of the foam is fixed along with the temperature reduction, and the deformed shape memory foam is obtained. Finally, the deformed shape memory foam was processed into a spherical structure to obtain the expanded porous ball used in this example. After entering the perforation tunnels, the expanded porous ball expands and returns to the original shape memory foam under the stimulation of the stratum temperature or the catalyst.
The deformation temperature of the selected shape memory polyurethane foam is between 40 and 95 ℃. The formation temperature is greater than the deformation temperature of the shape memory polymer foam porous spheres. If the formation temperature does not reach the deformation temperature of the porous spheres, hot water may be injected or a catalyst may be injected that allows shape recovery of the porous spheres.
The expanded porous ball has a pre-expansion dimension that is less than the perforation tunnel dimension, and a post-expansion dimension that is greater than the perforation tunnel dimension, and is capable of being secured within the perforation tunnel after expansion. Specifically, for 5 1/2 "wellbores, the perforation tunnel size is typically 8mm to 10mm, the pre-expansion size of the expanded porous spheres should be 6mm to 7mm, and the post-expansion size of the expanded porous spheres is greater than 12mm without restraint, with the pre-expansion and post-expansion expanded porous spheres being shown in FIG. 3. Due to the restraining effect of perforation tunnels and the roughness of rock wall surfaces, the expanded porous ball can conform to the structure of a blasthole, can be firmly clamped into the blasthole, can bear certain production pressure difference, and cannot be spit back in the oil gas production process.
The shape memory polyurethane foam is selected as open-cell structure foam, the size of foaming holes is 0.05 mm-0.50 mm, and the size of the holes is equal to the sand blocking precision. The sand blocking precision of the porous ball is designed according to the stratum sand granularity median value, namely the sand blocking precision of the porous ball is equal to the stratum sand granularity median value d50.
The sand control principle of expanded porous spheres includes two aspects: on one hand, the shape restoring force of the expanded porous ball plays a supporting role on the rock wall surface of the pore canal, and prevents the structural damage of the rock and the sand migration of the rock framework; on the other hand, the sand particles peeled off from the rock skeleton form stable sand bridges on the surface of the expanded porous balls, and the sand is filtered and prevented by using the holes of the expanded porous balls.
The compressive strength of the expanded porous ball is more than 2MPa, namely, the expanded porous ball cannot deform seriously under the production pressure difference of more than 2MPa, and the sand prevention effect is affected. The expanded porous ball has better temperature resistance, namely, the strength does not change at the formation temperature, and the temperature can be kept for a long time. The density of the expanded porous ball is similar to that of the sand-carrying fluid, so that the sand-carrying fluid is facilitated to carry and fill.
To avoid swelling of the swelled porous ball prior to entering the perforation tunnel, a delayed swelling process may be considered. For example, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film is used to wrap or cover the outer surface of the expanded porous spheres to prevent premature expansion. Once the expanded porous ball enters the perforation tunnels and is held at formation temperature for a period of time, the PVA film can dissolve in the well fluid after which the expanded porous ball expands to conform to the borehole structure and become anchored in the borehole.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a sand control process for filling perforation tunnels:
Lowering the oil pipe to the bottom of the oil layer at a position about 0.5m-1.0m away from the bottom of the artificial well; clear water or KCl brine or guanidine gum solution within 50 mPa.s is adopted as sand-carrying fluid; throwing the expanded porous balls which are more than the number of the perforation tunnels into sand-carrying fluid at a wellhead, taking the sand-carrying fluid into the bottom of the well, and filling the sand-carrying fluid into the perforation tunnels; when the ground pumping pressure is obviously increased, the construction is stopped, the well is shut in for a certain time, and the expanded porous balls are expanded; and (5) starting an oil outlet pipe, and running a production pipe column to put into production.
The construction process adopts the bottom filling of the oil layer, and can prevent the expansion porous ball from sinking into the bottom of the well relative to the top filling of the oil layer, thereby guaranteeing the filling effect.
Example 3
The experimental verification is carried out on the sand prevention effect of the expanded porous ball in the embodiment:
The expanded porous ball is processed by the shape memory polyurethane foam material, the diameter of the sand control ball is 8mm, the density is 1.05g/cm 3, and the volume expansion rate can reach 4 times, as shown in figure 3.
As shown in FIG. 4, the expanded porous ball 1 was placed in the sand filling pipe 42, the diameter of the lower end of the sand filling pipe 1 was 6mm, and the diameter of the upper end was 12mm. The sand filling pipe filled with the expansion porous ball is placed in a water bath with the temperature of 60 ℃ to allow the sand control ball to expand. Then adding 20g of stratum sand 43 with the grain diameter of 0.10mm-0.35mm on the expansion porous ball in the sand filling pipe 42, switching on a water source, and performing sand prevention experiments by using clear water, namely flushing the sand filling pipe from top to bottom by using the clear water. The sand is continuously washed for 60min with clear water, and the sand output is only 0.032g, which indicates that the expanded porous ball has good sand blocking effect.
It should be understood that the foregoing examples of the present invention are provided merely for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and that various other changes and modifications may be made therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
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| US4817717A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1989-04-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Hydraulic fracturing with a refractory proppant for sand control |
| US7772163B1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2010-08-10 | Bj Services Company Llc | Well treating composite containing organic lightweight material and weight modifying agent |
| US8276664B2 (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2012-10-02 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Well treatment operations using spherical cellulosic particulates |
| RU2012138006A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-03-10 | Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Новомет-Пермь" | EXPANDABLE FILTER |
| US20140144635A1 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-29 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of Enhancing Fracture Conductivity of Subterranean Formations Propped with Cement Pillars |
| WO2015126419A1 (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Propping subterranean formation fractures using memory particulates |
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