CN114959691A - Surface modification equipment for 3D printing of titanium alloy and surface modification method thereof - Google Patents
Surface modification equipment for 3D printing of titanium alloy and surface modification method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114959691A CN114959691A CN202210655792.0A CN202210655792A CN114959691A CN 114959691 A CN114959691 A CN 114959691A CN 202210655792 A CN202210655792 A CN 202210655792A CN 114959691 A CN114959691 A CN 114959691A
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 128
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 21
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
- B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/06—Compressing powdered coating material, e.g. by milling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses surface modification equipment for 3D printing of titanium alloy and a surface modification method thereof, and the equipment comprises a laboratory bench component, an optical detection component, a pressurizing component and a texture preparation component, wherein the pressurizing component comprises a combined type pressing plate device and a stress balance pressing head, the pressing plate device and the stress balance pressing head are connected with an upper pressurizing rod, the texture preparation component comprises a laser texture device and/or an extrusion texture device, and the equipment also comprises a preset texture stress plate, the preset texture stress plate is respectively matched with the laser texture device and/or the extrusion texture device, and the preset texture stress plate is used for limiting the texture edge from being raised in the texture preparation process. The technical scheme of the invention well continues the material increase concept of the 3D printing technology, obtains the required surface roughness and simultaneously improves the surface properties such as wear resistance and the like on the basis of not reducing the material of the 3D printing titanium alloy, and prolongs the service life of the 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to post-processing equipment for 3D printing of metal, and particularly relates to surface modification equipment for 3D printing of titanium alloy and a surface modification method thereof.
Background
The additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology is based on the layered superposition feature, and is different from the traditional subtractive manufacturing technology, and is considered as a great innovation of the 21 st century manufacturing technology. The additive manufacturing technology constructs a target three-dimensional model by means of computer aided design, inputs a model file after layering processing into additive manufacturing equipment, controls a laser beam to melt a powder printing component according to a set track. The additive manufacturing technology of the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process can realize the direct molding of parts with complex configurations, greatly simplify the processing process and greatly improve the production efficiency. However, the SLM metal additive manufacturing technology faces the problem that the surface roughness of a formed part is unsatisfactory, particularly, the roughness of more than ten microns or even dozens of microns on the surface of the 3D printing titanium alloy seriously affects the direct use of the 3D printing titanium alloy formed part, the surface post-treatment of the 3D printing titanium alloy formed part is an essential step, and the processing surface of the 3D printing titanium alloy formed part needs to be subjected to subsequent material reduction and grinding processing, so that the surface roughness can be applied in the industrial field after meeting the corresponding requirements. However, the titanium alloy surface treatment is very difficult, the traditional method for treating the titanium alloy surface by reducing the material can prolong the production period, increase the cost and also generate the waste of the material. Therefore, how to solve the problem of surface roughness of a 3D printed titanium alloy workpiece through a new post-treatment process, and also improve the surface properties such as wear resistance and the like of the workpiece and prolong the service life of the workpiece is a significant challenge in the technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, provide a surface modification device for 3D printing of titanium alloy, continue the material increase concept of the 3D printing technology, obtain the required surface roughness and simultaneously improve the surface properties such as wear resistance and the like on the basis of not reducing the material of the 3D printing titanium alloy, and prolong the service life of a 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece.
According to the surface modification equipment for 3D printing of the titanium alloy, the main technical scheme is as follows: the device comprises an experiment table component, an optical detection component, a pressurizing component and a texture preparation component, wherein the experiment table component comprises a movable workbench and a powder workbench, the left end of the movable workbench is provided with the powder workbench, the bottom end of the movable workbench is provided with a displacement device, the powder workbench is fixed in position and provided with a powder mixing device and a powder laying device, the optical detection component comprises an optical morphology measuring probe device and an information processing device, the optical morphology measuring probe device is arranged right above the movable workbench, the pressurizing component comprises a combined type pressure plate device and a stress balance pressure head, the pressure plate device and the stress balance pressure head are connected with an upper pressurizing rod, the texture preparation component is positioned on one side of the pressurizing component, the texture preparation component comprises a laser texture device, an extrusion texture device and a preset texture stress plate, and the preset texture stress plate is respectively matched with the laser texture device and the extrusion texture device, the movable workbench is used for limiting the texture edge from bulging in the texture preparation process, and the moving range of the movable workbench covers the pressurizing assembly and the texture preparation assembly.
The surface modification equipment for 3D printing of the titanium alloy further adopts the following auxiliary technical scheme:
the optical topography probe is used for surveying and mapping the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the workpiece.
The information processing device is used for displaying a model of the three-dimensional appearance of the surface of the workpiece and calculating the space volume, and the information processing device is connected with the pressurizing assembly and feeds back information to the pressurizing assembly in real time.
The powder mixing device quantitatively and controllably discharges powder by rotating the screw device.
The powder laying device is formed by arranging and combining a plurality of micro-pipeline unit bodies into a whole, a sealing plate is arranged at the bottom of each micro-pipeline unit body to keep powder in the micro-pipeline unit bodies, and a corresponding movable piston used for squeezing the powder is arranged above each micro-pipeline unit body.
The combined type pressure plate device comprises a plurality of micro pressure rods, and the micro pressure rods are combined to obtain a corresponding extrusion plane or extrusion curved surface.
The stress balance pressure head comprises a central pressure head and an edge stress balance pressure plate, and the edge stress balance pressure plate is used for limiting the upward bulge of the outer surface of the pressed area when the central pressure head is pressed.
The pressurizing assembly further comprises a hydraulic rod, and the hydraulic rod is connected with the stress balance pressure head.
The laser beam emitted by a laser head of the laser texture device is provided with a preset texture stress plate for limiting the texture edge uplift at the periphery of the titanium alloy surface action area, the middle part of the preset texture stress plate is provided with an inner hole for the laser beam to pass through, and the cross section of the inner hole of the preset texture stress plate is matched with the texture shape.
The extrusion pressure head of the extrusion texture device is provided with a preset texture stress plate for limiting the texture edge uplift at the periphery of the titanium alloy surface action area, and the cross section of an inner hole of the preset texture stress plate is matched with the extrusion pressure head and is used for the extrusion pressure head to pass through.
The invention provides a surface modification method for a 3D printing titanium alloy, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the 3D printed titanium alloy workpiece on a movable workbench, obtaining a three-dimensional topography map of the workpiece surface through an optical topography measuring probe, obtaining a space volume and a convex peak position of the material surface through an information processing device, obtaining the powder feeding amount of each micro-pipeline unit body corresponding to the powder laying device and pressure head selection of different hardness corresponding to different positions of the combined type pressure plate device, realizing uniform pressure surface stress in the pressurizing process, and installing the combined type pressure plate device;
s2, conveying a certain amount of metal powder into each micro-pipeline unit body of the powder laying device through a powder discharging device of a powder discharging bin of the powder mixing device, after the conveying is finished, combining the powder laying device, displacing the powder laying device to the position above the surface of the workpiece to lay the powder, enabling the convex peaks on the surface of the material to be higher than the powder, carrying out pressurization operation on a combined type pressure plate device, bending and pressing the convex peaks into a metal powder coating along with the downward movement of a pressure surface, then pressurizing the surface of the coating, covering the whole pressurization plane by the combined type pressure plate device for one time, and improving the flatness of the pressurized plane through the selection of a pressure head to finish the first combination of the powder layer and a titanium alloy workpiece substrate;
s3, preparing mixed powder of metal powder and added components through a powder mixing bin of a powder mixing device, laying a mixed powder layer with a certain thickness above a metal powder coating in the last step or laying the mixed powder in a local scattering mode, and then continuously or intermittently pressurizing the coating by a stress balancing pressure head to realize plastic deformation of the mixed coating powder;
s4, performing texture preparation by using an extrusion texture device and/or a laser texture device, wherein the depth of a texture pit is required to exceed the wave trough of the outline of the 3D printing titanium alloy substrate, the texture pit enters the inside of the 3D printing titanium alloy substrate, and a texture stress plate is preset to limit the protrusion of the texture edge area in the texture preparation process according to the preset texture density and texture position, so that the third combination of a powder layer and the titanium alloy substrate is completed;
s5, after the texture is finished, the optical probe device is used for surveying and mapping the surface of the workpiece, a stress balance pressure head is used for leveling the position with larger surface roughness of the workpiece, the surface roughness is ensured to meet the requirement, and finally, the corner polishing device is used for cleaning burrs at the edge of the workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the surface modification equipment for 3D printing of the titanium alloy and the surface modification method thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages:
1. the invention can obtain the same surface on the surface of different micro areas and form better bonding force with the surface of the substrate of the 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece. Analyzing and scanning by an optical detection component to obtain a three-dimensional topography map of the material surface, dividing the material plane to correspond to the sections of the combined pressure plate and the powder laying device, the hardness of the combined pressure plate corresponding to the pressure head is set according to the position of the convex peak on the surface of the obtained material to realize the bending of the convex peak of the material, so that the corresponding convex peak is leaked out after the coating powder is put in, the space volume corresponding to the micro-pipeline unit bodies is obtained according to the topographic map to determine the volume of the powder filled in each unit body, after the powder spreading is finished, the combined pressure plate is pressed down to bend the convex peaks to be pricked into the coating powder, the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is enhanced, and simultaneously, in order to solve the problem of different stresses caused by different volumes of powder under the same surface area, and a high-hardness pressure head is selected in the large-volume powder area to realize uniform stress on the surface of the material in the pressing process of the pressing plate.
2. The extrusion processing method can meet the extrusion processing of 3D printing titanium alloy workpieces with various surfaces with different profiles through the design of the extrusion structure. Through the design of a combined type pressure plate device consisting of a plurality of micro pressure rods, the micro pressure rods are combined to obtain a corresponding extrusion plane or an extrusion curved surface, and various special-shaped contours including the plane or the curved surface can be correspondingly extruded by combining the corresponding matching selection of the hardness of the combined type pressure head, so that the corresponding treatment of the special-shaped surface roughness is realized, and the combined type pressure plate device is particularly suitable for 3D printing of a titanium alloy workpiece with a surface contour of a protruding or sunken structure; and the stress balance pressure head is designed to ensure that a specific position of the powder layer on the surface of the workpiece or a specific position of various special-shaped profiles can be subjected to targeted pressing treatment.
3. According to the invention, the deformation caused by extrusion of the peripheral material when the central pressure head works and the bulging of the texture edge in the texture preparation process are eliminated through the edge stress balance pressing plate of the stress balance pressure head and the preset texture stress plate matched with the texture preparation equipment, and the improvement of the binding force between the substrate and the powder layer is also realized. Therefore, the material surface can be kept flat in the powder extrusion processing process, and the influence of texture preparation on the roughness of a non-texture area can be effectively controlled. In the extrusion process after powder spreading, the existence of the edge stress balance pressing plate can lead the extruded micro-convex body to deform towards the direction of the matrix; in the texture processing process, no matter extrusion or laser processing, the material bulge or sputtering accumulation is caused at the periphery of the texture, so that the bulge of the material can be effectively avoided by the preset texture stress plate, the periphery processed by the laser head can be covered, sputtered substances can fall on the upper surface of the preset texture stress plate and cannot damage the material surface around the texture, the depth of the texture needs to penetrate through the coating in order to enhance the bonding strength of the coating in the texture processing, and therefore larger stress can be generated, and the stress balance can be better realized by the preset texture stress plate.
4. The surface modification equipment for 3D printing titanium alloy prepares the texture capable of improving the surface performance on the surface through extrusion processing or texture processing, and meanwhile, the bonding force between the powder metal coating and the substrate is obviously improved. The roughness of the surface of the 3D printing titanium alloy is improved after the metal powder is extruded, but the surface performance of the metal coating formed by the surface microprotrusion deformation of the 3D printing titanium alloy and the extrusion plastic deformation of the metal coating is still required to be improved, the bonding strength is also required to be enhanced, the texture obtained in the texture preparation process penetrates through the matrix deeply, the metal coating and the matrix are bonded metallurgically through mechanical extrusion deformation and/or laser melting, the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is greatly enhanced, the roughness problem of the matrix material is improved by the coating and the texture, and the surface antifriction wear resistance of the material is also enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a metering screw of the powder mixing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a powder placement device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pressing surface of the modular platen apparatus.
Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a combined pressure plate pressurizing pressure head.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stress-balancing indenter.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a laser texturing apparatus.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a press texturing apparatus.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the press texturing apparatus ram operating pressure.
Detailed Description
The surface modification equipment for 3D printing of titanium alloy comprises a laboratory bench component, an optical detection component, a pressurizing component and a texture preparation component, wherein the laboratory bench component comprises a movable workbench and a powder workbench, the left end of the movable workbench is provided with the powder workbench, the bottom end of the movable workbench is provided with a displacement device, the powder workbench is fixed in position and provided with a powder mixing device and a powder laying device, the optical detection component comprises an optical morphology measuring probe device and an information processing device, the optical morphology measuring probe device is arranged right above the movable workbench, the pressurizing component comprises a combined pressure plate device and a stress balance pressure head, the combined pressure plate device is used for rapidly performing integral extrusion processing on a large surface area, and the stress balance pressure head is used for performing local targeted extrusion processing on the surface, the texture preparation assembly comprises a laser texture device and/or an extrusion texture device and further comprises a preset texture stress plate, the preset texture stress plate is respectively matched with the laser texture device and/or the extrusion texture device and used for limiting the texture edge from bulging in the texture preparation process, and the movement range of the movable workbench covers the pressurizing assembly and the texture preparation assembly.
The optical topography probe is used for mapping the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the workpiece.
The information processing device is used for displaying a model of the three-dimensional appearance of the surface of the workpiece and calculating the space volume, and the information processing device is connected with the pressurizing assembly and feeds back information to the pressurizing assembly in real time.
The powder mixing device quantitatively and controllably discharges powder by rotating the screw device. The top of the powder mixing device is a powder mixing bin, powder is mixed through bin body rotation, a powder outlet bin is arranged at the lower end of the mixing bin, powder is quantitatively discharged through screw rotation in a powder outlet pipeline of the powder outlet bin, and the device can translate in a working plane. The powder is metal powder, such as pure copper, titanium alloy, pure aluminum and other metal powder, and additives in certain proportion can be added into the metal powder to improve specific functions of lubrication, wear resistance and the like.
The powder laying device is formed by arranging and combining a plurality of micro-pipeline unit bodies into a whole, a sealing plate is arranged at the bottom of each micro-pipeline unit body to keep powder in the micro-pipeline unit bodies, and a corresponding movable piston used for squeezing the powder is arranged above each micro-pipeline unit body. Furthermore, the powder laying device is a drawer type device, a sealing plate is arranged below the micro-pipeline unit body, a top cover with a piston is arranged above the micro-pipeline unit body, the top cover is lifted when powder is filled, and the micro-pipeline unit body assembly moves out to the side to reach a powder outlet working area to receive the powder. The sectional area of the micro-pipeline unit body of the powder laying device is the same as that of the combined type pressing plate micro-pressure head, and the micro-pipeline unit body and the combined type pressing plate micro-pressure head are in one-to-one correspondence.
The combined type pressure plate device comprises a plurality of micro pressure rods, and the micro pressure rods are combined to obtain a corresponding extrusion plane or extrusion curved surface. Furthermore, combination formula clamp plate device has circular frame, and the pressure face of pressurization pressure head is square, and single pressure head pressure face end is the cuboid, and the other end processing has the cylindricality screw rod, and the screw rod is connected and is carved with the internal screw thread cylinder, and the circular frame upper end is equipped with the internal thread, is connected to on the pressurization double-screw bolt with combination formula clamp plate being connected to pressure device.
The stress balance pressure head comprises a central pressure head and an edge stress balance pressure plate, and the edge stress balance pressure plate is used for limiting the upward bulge of the outer surface of the pressed area when the central pressure head is pressed. Furthermore, the edge stress balance pressing plate of the stress balance pressing head obtains a real-time pressure value through a pressure sensor, and the control of the stress balance device is completed through an information processing device.
The shape and the combination of the edge stress balance pressing plate of the stress balance pressing head are changed according to the shape of the central pressing head, the square pressing head is provided with four independent stress balance pressing plates with the areas equal to the central pressing head on four sides, the round pressing head is provided with four independent stress balance pressing plates, the two pressing plates are in contact with the semi-circular arc surface of the pressing head, and the other two pressing plates are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressing head.
The pressurizing assembly further comprises a hydraulic rod, and the hydraulic rod is connected with the stress balance pressure head.
The laser beam emitted by a laser head of the laser texture device is provided with a preset texture stress plate for limiting the texture edge uplift at the periphery of the titanium alloy surface action area, the middle part of the preset texture stress plate is provided with an inner hole for the laser beam to pass through, and the cross section of the inner hole of the preset texture stress plate is matched with the texture shape. Furthermore, the melting point of the preset texture stress plate should be higher than that of the processing material, so that the pressing plate is ensured not to be melted during laser processing, for example, tungsten is selected as the material.
The extrusion pressure head of the extrusion texture device is provided with a preset texture stress plate for limiting the texture edge uplift at the periphery of the titanium alloy surface action area, and the cross section of an inner hole of the preset texture stress plate is matched with the extrusion pressure head and is used for the extrusion pressure head to pass through.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, the surface modification equipment for 3D printing of titanium alloy comprises a powder workbench 4 and a movable workbench 5, a powder laying device 3 is firstly filled with powder through a powder mixing device 1 and then moved to the movable workbench through a displacement device 2, an optical topography measuring probe device 9 of an optical detection assembly is located above the workbench, the pressurizing assembly comprises a combined pressing plate device 10 and a stress balancing pressing head 8, and the texture preparation assembly comprises a laser texture device 7 and/or a squeezing texture device 6.
Referring to fig. 2, the quantitative discharging screw 11 of the powder mixing device 1 changes the discharging volume by the screw rotation distance.
Referring to fig. 3, the powder laying device 3 is composed of a top cover 12 with a piston, micro-pipe unit bodies 13 and a bottom plate 14, the piston with the top cover 12 corresponds to each micro-pipe unit body, and the piston moves downwards to empty powder in each unit body.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, internal threads are carved on the circular frame 15 of the combined type pressure plate device 10 to connect the combined type pressure plate device 10 with an upper pressurizing device, the combined type pressure head is composed of a pressure head 18 and a cylindrical connecting handle 17, and the single pressure head can be conveniently taken out from the whole body through the cylindrical connecting handle 17 to be replaced.
Referring to fig. 6, the stress balance pressure head 8 is composed of a stress balance pressure plate 19 and a central pressure head 20, when the central pressure head 20 is used for pressurizing operation, the stress balance pressure plate 19 covers the periphery of the pressure head, and balance stress is generated through a sensor to keep the surface of the material smooth.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the laser texture preparation device is composed of a preset texture stress plate 21 and a laser 22, and the pressure head texture preparation device is composed of a texture extrusion pressure head 23 and a preset texture stress plate 24.
The working process of the surface modification equipment for 3D printing of the titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
And 2, conveying a certain amount of pure copper powder into each micro-pipeline unit body of the powder laying device 3 through a powder discharging device of a powder discharging bin of the powder mixing device 1, after the conveying is finished, combining the powder laying devices, displacing the powder laying devices to the position above the surface of the workpiece to lay the powder, after the powder laying is finished, returning the powder laying device 3 to the original position, enabling the convex peaks on the surface of the material to be higher than the powder, performing pressurization operation on the combined type pressing plate device 10, bending and pressing the convex peaks into the coating along with the downward movement of the pressing surface, then pressurizing the surface of the coating, withdrawing the pressure after the pressure is kept for 5min, covering the whole pressurizing plane once by the combined type pressing plate device, improving the flatness of the pressurized plane through the selection of a pressure head, and finishing the first combination of the powder layer and the titanium alloy workpiece substrate.
And 3, preparing mixed powder of pure copper powder and graphene through a powder mixing bin of the powder mixing device 1, laying a mixed powder layer with the thickness of 20 micrometers and/or local mixed powder of the pure copper powder and the graphene above a pure copper layer, and then carrying out continuous or interval pressurization operation on the coating by using a stress balance pressure head 8 to realize plastic deformation of the mixed coating powder and keep the pressure for 5 min. The edge stress balance plate 19 of the stress balance pressure head 8 can inhibit the bulge of an unpressurized area when the central pressure head 20 applies pressure, so that the flatness of a plane is ensured, the maximum pressurizing pressure of the central pressure head is improved, and the secondary combination of a powder layer and a titanium alloy substrate is completed. The combined platen apparatus 10 may be used to perform a repressurization operation as needed.
And 4, after the pressurization operation is completed, the movable platform 5 can be moved to a texture processing station, a texture preparation is carried out by adopting an extrusion texture device and/or a laser texture device, the depth of a texture pit is required to exceed the wave trough of the outline of the 3D printing titanium alloy substrate and enter the inside of the 3D printing titanium alloy substrate, and therefore the effective improvement of the binding force between the powder coating and the substrate is realized. The method comprises the steps of setting a texture position according to a preset texture density, setting the texture density to be 40%, carrying out texture processing at the preset position, processing a pit texture in a vacuum bin by using laser, wherein the pit depth is 60 micrometers, the pit penetrates through a coating to reach a substrate, the laser melts a material, metallurgical reaction is carried out on the laser, the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate is enhanced, if a pressure head is used for processing the conical texture, the pit depth is 60 micrometers, the coating penetrates through the substrate to reach the substrate, the bonding strength of the coating and the substrate is further enhanced through extrusion, and meanwhile, the friction reduction and wear resistance of the surface of the material can be improved by using the texture. The texture is prepared, so that the material penetrates into the matrix, and simultaneously the material is raised and sputtered, and the preset texture stress plate plays a role in limiting the raised edge area of the texture and protecting the outer area of the texture from being sputtered to keep the texture flat. When the texture is prepared, the preset texture stress plate 21 is firstly pressed on the edge position of the texture to set pre-pressure, then the pit texture is processed by laser beams, sputtering caused by the laser beams falls on the upper surface of the preset texture stress plate 21, and edge uplift is also inhibited; if an extrusion press head is used for processing the texture, referring to fig. 9, when the mixed powder layer exists as a whole layer, 25 is the mixed powder layer, 26 is the pure copper powder layer and 27 is the titanium alloy substrate, when the mixed powder layer exists as a local scattering point, the 25 mixed powder layer is extruded into the 26 pure copper powder layer, the preset texture stress plate 24 limits the bulge of the texture edge and applies pressure to the press covering area at the same time, so that the materials in the texture are combined more tightly when the press head 23 extrudes, the press covering area of the preset texture stress plate 21 is also subjected to pressure to enhance the combination degree, and the third combination of the powder layer and the titanium alloy substrate is completed by preparing the texture.
And 5, after finishing the texturing operation, mapping the surface of the workpiece by using an optical probe device, leveling the workpiece by using a stress balance pressure head 8 aiming at the position with larger surface roughness of the workpiece to ensure that the surface roughness meets the requirement, and finally cleaning burrs at the edge of the workpiece by using a corner polishing device.
Example two
The difference between the embodiment and the first embodiment is that the surface of the 3D-printed titanium alloy workpiece has a concave area, the powder spreading amount in the concave area is increased, the pressure required for realizing the pressure balance of the pressing surface is increased, a higher-hardness HRC60 pressing head is selected in the area to cover the whole concave area corresponding to the combined pressing plate device, and the combined pressing plate device can flexibly adjust the pressing head combination according to the contour of the material surface to realize the pressure balance of the pressing surface.
EXAMPLE III
The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that pure aluminum powder is laid on the surface of the 3D printed titanium alloy workpiece instead of pure copper powder as the base powder.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a surface modification equipment of 3D printing titanium alloy which characterized in that: the device comprises a laboratory table component, an optical detection component, a pressurizing component and a texture preparation component, wherein the laboratory table component comprises a movable workbench and a powder workbench, the left end of the movable workbench is the powder workbench, the bottom end of the movable workbench is provided with a displacement device, the powder workbench is fixed in position and provided with a powder mixing device and a powder laying device, the optical detection component comprises an optical morphology measuring probe device and an information processing device, the optical morphology measuring probe device is arranged right above the movable workbench, the pressurizing component comprises a combined type pressure plate device and a stress balance pressure head, the pressure plate device and the stress balance pressure head are connected with an upper pressure rod, the texture preparation component is positioned on one side of the pressurizing component, the texture preparation component comprises a laser texture device and/or an extrusion texture device and also comprises a preset texture stress plate, the preset texture stress plate is respectively matched with the laser texture device and/or the extrusion texture device and used for limiting the texture edge from bulging in the texture preparation process, and the movement range of the movable workbench covers the pressurizing assembly and the texture preparation assembly.
2. The surface modification apparatus for 3D printing of titanium alloy of claim 1, wherein: the optical topography probe is used for mapping the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the workpiece; the information processing device is used for displaying a model of the three-dimensional appearance of the surface of the workpiece and calculating the space volume, and the information processing device is connected with the pressurizing assembly and feeds back information to the pressurizing assembly in real time.
3. The surface modification apparatus for 3D printing of titanium alloy of claim 1, wherein: the powder mixing device quantitatively and controllably discharges powder by rotating the screw device.
4. The surface modification apparatus for 3D printing of titanium alloy of claim 1, wherein: the powder laying device is formed by arranging and combining a plurality of micro-pipeline unit bodies into a whole, a sealing plate is arranged at the bottom of each micro-pipeline unit body to keep powder in the micro-pipeline unit bodies, and a corresponding movable piston used for squeezing the powder is arranged above each micro-pipeline unit body.
5. The apparatus for modifying the surface of a 3D printed titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the combined type pressure plate device comprises a plurality of micro pressure rods, and the micro pressure rods are combined to obtain a corresponding extrusion plane or extrusion curved surface.
6. The surface modification apparatus for 3D printing of titanium alloy of claim 1, wherein: the stress balance pressure head comprises a central pressure head and an edge stress balance pressure plate, and the edge stress balance pressure plate is used for limiting the upward bulge of the outer surface of the pressed area when the central pressure head is pressed.
7. The surface modification apparatus for 3D printing of titanium alloy of claim 1, wherein: the pressurizing assembly further comprises a hydraulic rod, and the hydraulic rod is connected with the stress balance pressure head.
8. The surface modification apparatus for 3D printing of titanium alloy of claim 1, wherein: the laser beam emitted by a laser head of the laser texture device is provided with a preset texture stress plate for limiting the texture edge uplift at the periphery of the titanium alloy surface action area, the middle part of the preset texture stress plate is provided with an inner hole for the laser beam to pass through, and the cross section of the inner hole of the preset texture stress plate is matched with the texture shape.
9. The surface modification apparatus for 3D printing of titanium alloy of claim 1, wherein: the extrusion pressure head of the extrusion texture device is provided with a preset texture stress plate for limiting the texture edge uplift at the periphery of the titanium alloy surface action area, and the cross section of an inner hole of the preset texture stress plate is matched with the extrusion pressure head and is used for the extrusion pressure head to pass through.
10. The surface modification method of 3D printed titanium alloy of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing the 3D printed titanium alloy workpiece on a movable workbench, obtaining a three-dimensional topography map of the workpiece surface through an optical topography measuring probe, obtaining a space volume and a convex peak position of the material surface through an information processing device, obtaining the powder feeding amount of each micro-pipeline unit body corresponding to the powder laying device and pressure head selection of different hardness corresponding to different positions of the combined type pressure plate device, realizing uniform pressure surface stress in the pressurizing process, and installing the combined type pressure plate device;
s2, conveying a certain amount of metal powder into each micro-pipeline unit body of the powder laying device through a powder discharging device of a powder discharging bin of the powder mixing device, after the conveying is finished, combining the powder laying device, displacing the powder laying device to the position above the surface of the workpiece to lay the powder, enabling the convex peaks on the surface of the material to be higher than the powder, carrying out pressurization operation on a combined type pressure plate device, bending and pressing the convex peaks into a metal powder coating along with the downward movement of a pressure surface, then pressurizing the surface of the coating, covering the whole pressurization plane by the combined type pressure plate device for one time, improving the flatness of the pressurized plane through the selection of a pressure head, and finishing the first combination of the surface powder layer and a titanium alloy workpiece substrate;
s3, preparing mixed powder of metal powder and added components through a powder mixing bin of a powder mixing device, laying a mixed powder layer with a certain thickness above a metal powder coating in the last step or laying the mixed powder in a local scattering mode, and then continuously or intermittently pressurizing the coating by a stress balancing pressure head to realize plastic deformation of the mixed coating powder;
s4, preparing the texture by adopting an extrusion texture device and/or a laser texture device, wherein the depth of a texture pit is required to exceed the wave trough of the outline of the 3D printing titanium alloy substrate, the texture pit enters the inside of the 3D printing titanium alloy substrate, and a texture stress plate is preset to limit the protrusion of the texture edge area according to the preset texture density and texture position in the process of preparing the texture, so that the third combination of the surface powder layer and the titanium alloy substrate is completed;
s5, after the texture is finished, the optical probe device is used for surveying and mapping the surface of the workpiece, a stress balance pressure head is used for leveling the position with larger surface roughness of the workpiece, the surface roughness is ensured to meet the requirement, and finally, the corner polishing device is used for cleaning burrs at the edge of the workpiece.
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