CN114226734B - Copper-containing wear-resistant coating for additive manufacturing titanium alloy surface and preparation process thereof - Google Patents

Copper-containing wear-resistant coating for additive manufacturing titanium alloy surface and preparation process thereof Download PDF

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CN114226734B
CN114226734B CN202111552374.0A CN202111552374A CN114226734B CN 114226734 B CN114226734 B CN 114226734B CN 202111552374 A CN202111552374 A CN 202111552374A CN 114226734 B CN114226734 B CN 114226734B
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copper
titanium alloy
wear
resistant coating
layer
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CN114226734A (en
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田斌
冯青源
杜秋月
王子妍
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/362—Laser etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to a copper-containing wear-resistant coating for an additive manufacturing titanium alloy surface, which is positioned on the surface of a titanium alloy matrix, and comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, wherein the bottom layer is a pure copper bottom layer, the surface layer is a copper-containing surface layer uniformly distributed with wear-resistant particles, the titanium alloy matrix is mechanically combined with the pure copper bottom layer or the copper-containing surface layer, pit textures are uniformly distributed on the copper-containing surface layer, and the textures are obtained by processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer in a mechanical extrusion or laser mode. According to the technical scheme, aiming at the thought of adopting additive modification for the 3D printing titanium alloy, the method does not need to carry out material reduction and polishing treatment on the 3D printing metal surface, can solve the problem of large roughness, can improve the surface tribology performance, and is beneficial to further deep application of the 3D printing titanium alloy.

Description

Copper-containing wear-resistant coating for additive manufacturing titanium alloy surface and preparation process thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing metal surface treatment, and particularly relates to a copper-containing wear-resistant coating for an additive manufacturing titanium alloy surface and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The selective laser melting forming technology (SLM) is a typical technology of metal powder additive manufacturing technology (3D printing technology), the working principle of the SLM is to design a three-dimensional model of a target component by means of computer assistance, slice and layer the exported three-dimensional model STL file, then guide the layered data into SLM equipment, and melt the powder according to a set track by using laser beams, so the steps are repeated, and the layers are piled up until the target component is printed.
Compared with additive manufacturing technologies such as laser fused deposition, electron beam fusion and the like, the SLM has the advantages that: (1) The laser beam has high energy density, smaller powder layer thickness and powder particle diameter, so the formed part has good dimensional accuracy, excellent surface quality and nearly 100% compactness. (2) The powder bed can be used as a support, and is more suitable for direct forming of complex and fine parts. (3) The laser energy density can be more conveniently changed by controlling the technological parameters, so that the size of a molten pool is regulated and controlled, and the control of the surface roughness, microstructure and performance can be realized. (4) The forming efficiency can be effectively improved by a mode of simultaneous scanning of multiple laser beams.
Nevertheless, control of the surface roughness of the shaped article remains one of the major challenges of SLM technology. SLM technology is based on powder bed melting, which tends to adhere incompletely melted powder when the melt pool at the profile of the shaped part solidifies, so that powder particles of different sizes often adhere at the profile of the shaped part, which will affect the mechanical properties of the final shaped part. Secondly, as the complexity of the geometric shape of the formed part determines the variability of the shape and the size of a molten pool, the roughness of different parts of the formed part is different, and the scanning track, the powder, the process parameters, the inclination angle and other process parameters have different influences on the surface roughness of the SLM formed part, which greatly influences the application range and the field of additive manufacturing parts.
In fact, for 3D printed metal parts, surface roughness of several microns or even tens of microns severely affects their direct application, so that surface grinding treatment by subtractive methods is most required before use. In the aspect of modifying treatment by adopting surface technologies such as coating or plating, polishing pretreatment is also required to be carried out on the surface of the 3D printed metal part. The 3D printed metal part is subjected to surface polishing treatment by adopting a material reduction method, so that larger time cost and processing cost can be generated, and wider application of the 3D printed metal part is restricted.
The polishing method has the advantages that the polishing method can solve the problem of large roughness of the 3D printed metal surface without performing material reduction polishing treatment on the 3D printed metal surface, and meanwhile, the surface tribology performance of the 3D printed metal surface can be improved, so that the polishing method is a great challenge, and the application of the 3D printed metal in the industrial field is greatly affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a copper-containing wear-resistant coating for the surface of a titanium alloy manufactured by additive and a preparation process thereof, and adopts the idea of additive manufacturing to improve the surface finish of a 3D printing metal part and improve the antifriction and wear-resistant performance of the 3D printing metal part.
The invention discloses a technical scheme for manufacturing a copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy in an additive manner, which comprises the following steps:
the wear-resistant coating is positioned on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate, the wear-resistant coating comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a pure copper bottom layer, the surface layer is a copper-containing surface layer uniformly distributed with wear-resistant particles, the titanium alloy substrate is mechanically combined with the pure copper bottom layer or the copper-containing surface layer, pit textures are uniformly distributed on the copper-containing surface layer, and the textures are obtained by processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer in a mechanical extrusion or laser mode.
The surface of the wear resistant coating does not include the pit texture region with a roughness of no more than 0.8 microns.
The depth of the dimple texture exceeds the lowest trough of the titanium alloy surface profile.
The material of the pit textured area has a density greater than the other non-textured areas.
The pit texture is filled with hard wear-resistant particles and antifriction components.
The hard wear-resistant particles are nano-diamond, and the antifriction component is graphene.
A preparation process of a copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy for additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece: preparing a 3D printed titanium alloy workpiece by using a metal 3D printer;
step 2, directly preparing a pure copper bottom layer on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece: directly tiling pure copper particles on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece obtained in the step 1;
step 3, preparing a copper-containing surface layer: spreading pure copper particles uniformly mixed with wear-resistant particles on the surface of the pure copper bottom layer in the step 2, and adopting a mechanical plane pressing or rolling mode to realize the combination between the pure copper particles and the titanium alloy matrix, wherein the plastic deformation of the copper-containing surface layer is controlled to be not less than 30%;
step 4, preparing copper-containing surface texture: processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer by adopting a mechanical extrusion or laser treatment mode to obtain a pit texture, wherein the density of the pit texture is not less than 20%;
and 5, finishing the copper-containing surface layer: and (3) mechanically rolling and finishing the pit texture copper-containing surface layer obtained in the step (4) to obtain a flat surface.
Further, in the mechanical extrusion process in the step (4), the lower end part of the pressure head penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer, namely the obtained texture bottom penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer.
And (3) penetrating the bottom of the pit texture obtained by laser treatment in the step (4) through the pure copper bottom layer.
In the step (4), a pressure maintaining link is arranged after the loading reaches a set value in the mechanical extrusion process, and the pressure maintaining time is not less than 1 minute.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive and beneficial effects:
(1) In the aspect of processing the problem of the surface roughness of the 3D printing titanium alloy, the additive manufacturing thought adopted by the invention is completely different from the material reduction polishing processing in the prior art. According to the invention, the copper-containing wear-resistant coating manufactured by additive is used for carrying out surface treatment on the 3D printing titanium alloy, and the extrusion processing mode is used for preparing the copper-containing wear-resistant texture coating, so that the efficiency is higher compared with the material reduction processing modes such as machining polishing, laser polishing, chemical polishing, electrolytic polishing and the like, and the problem that the surface material reduction processing is difficult to carry out due to low hardness and poor brittleness of an SLM titanium alloy formed part is solved.
(2) The invention adopts surface texturing post-treatment, and effectively increases the bonding strength between the copper-containing metal coating and the 3D printing titanium alloy matrix. The depth of the texture pit exceeds the lowest trough of the profile of the surface of the titanium alloy, which means that the texture penetrates through the interface between the copper-containing wear-resistant coating and the 3D printing titanium alloy matrix, thereby being beneficial to enhancing the bonding strength between the coating and the surface of the workpiece. In the process of preparing the texture, the mechanical extrusion mode not only utilizes extrusion deformation to prepare the texture, but also specially designs a pressure maintaining link, the pressure maintaining time of the pressure maintaining link is far longer than that of a conventional hardness test, so that the inner surface in the texture pit is subjected to extrusion for a long time, and the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix is effectively improved by utilizing the interleaving between the coating and the matrix relief profile and the mutual deformation between the coating and the raised part of materials in the matrix profile in the extrusion process. Further, the texture depth of mechanical extrusion penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer and into the titanium alloy matrix, so that the film/base bonding strength at the interface is further improved. On the other hand, the depth of the laser texture also penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer and enters the titanium alloy matrix, so that metallurgical bonding between the coating at the section and the matrix can be realized, and the bonding strength of the coating is effectively improved.
(3) The invention well utilizes the texture and antifriction and wear-resistant components to improve the antifriction and wear-resistant performance of the copper-containing metal coating. On one hand, the copper component and the antifriction and wear-resistant component in the copper-containing wear-resistant coating can effectively improve the antifriction and wear-resistant properties of the coating, and on the other hand, the surface pit texture has the function of storing abrasive dust and abrasive particles under the dry friction condition, so that the lubrication effect can be improved under the fluid lubrication condition, and the wear-resistant properties of the surface of a workpiece can be greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a prismatic texture obtained by mechanical extrusion.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a laser pit texture.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, a copper-containing wear-resistant coating 2 on the surface of an additive manufacturing titanium alloy, the wear-resistant coating 2 is located on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate 1, the wear-resistant coating 2 comprises a bottom layer 21 and a surface layer 22, the bottom layer is a pure copper bottom layer 21, the surface layer is a copper-containing surface layer 22 uniformly distributed with wear-resistant particles, the titanium alloy substrate and the pure copper bottom layer or the copper-containing surface layer are mechanically combined, pit textures are uniformly distributed on the copper-containing surface layer, and the textures are obtained by processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer in a mechanical extrusion or laser mode.
The surface of the wear resistant coating does not include the pit texture region with a roughness of no more than 0.8 microns.
The depth of the pit texture exceeds the lowest trough of the surface profile of the titanium alloy, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix is effectively improved through the structural definition of the texture.
The density of the pit texture area material is higher than that of other non-texture areas, the extrusion effect of the inner surface of the texture into the matrix is realized by utilizing the deformation effect of the material in the texture processing process, and the density and wear resistance of the pit texture area material are improved.
The pit texture is filled with hard wear-resistant particles and antifriction components.
Further, the hard wear-resistant particles are nano-diamond, and the antifriction component is graphene.
A preparation process of a copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy for additive manufacturing comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece: preparing a 3D printed titanium alloy workpiece by using a metal 3D printer;
step 2, directly preparing a pure copper bottom layer 21 on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece: directly tiling pure copper particles on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece 1 obtained in the step 1;
step 3, preparation of copper-containing surface layer 22: the pure copper particles uniformly mixed with the wear-resistant particles are flatly paved on the surface of the pure copper bottom layer 21 in the step 2, the combination between the pure copper particles and the titanium alloy matrix is realized by adopting a mechanical plane pressing or rolling mode, the plastic deformation of the copper-containing surface layer is controlled to be not less than 30%, and the deformation limit can ensure that better mechanical combination is generated between the copper particles and the 3D printing titanium alloy matrix;
step 4, preparing copper-containing surface texture: processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer by adopting a mechanical extrusion or laser treatment mode to obtain a pit texture, wherein the density of the pit texture is not less than 20%;
and 5, finishing the copper-containing surface layer: and (3) mechanically rolling and finishing the pit texture copper-containing surface layer obtained in the step (4) to obtain a flat surface.
Further, in the mechanical extrusion process in the step (4), the lower end portion of the pressing head penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer 21, so that the obtained textured bottom portion penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer 21.
The pit texture bottom obtained by the laser treatment in the step (4) penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer 21.
And a pressure maintaining link is arranged after the loading in the extrusion process reaches a set value, and the pure copper particles in the pit texture are further subjected to plastic deformation, and the average plastic deformation in the horizontal direction is not less than 30%. This deformation definition may allow for a better mechanical bond between the copper particles of the inner surface in the textured pits and the 3D printed titanium alloy substrate.
The process of the present invention is further illustrated by the following preferred examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of additionally manufacturing a copper-containing wear-resistant coating 2 on the surface of a titanium alloy, wherein the wear-resistant coating is located on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate 1 and comprises a bottom layer 21 and a surface layer 22, the bottom layer is a pure copper bottom layer 21, the surface layer is a copper-containing surface layer 22 uniformly distributed with wear-resistant particles, the titanium alloy substrate 1 and the pure copper bottom layer 21 or the copper-containing surface layer 22 are mechanically combined, pit textures are uniformly distributed on the copper-containing surface layer, and the textures are obtained by processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer in a mechanical extrusion mode.
The SLM titanium alloy form has a surface roughness of 20 microns to 60 microns.
The particle size of the copper powder is 20-100 microns, the average size of the nano diamond is 100nm, and the graphene is graphene ethanol slurry.
The mixed powder of the wear-resistant coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-5% of graphene powder, 1-10% of nano diamond and the balance of copper powder.
The mixed powder is prepared by uniformly mixing in ethanol solution and then drying.
The preparation method of the copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of the additive manufacturing titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1, using a Renisshaw AM400 3D printer, adopting an Nd-YAG laser with the wavelength of 1075nm, the diameter of a laser beam being 75 microns, adopting a method of filling argon gas as protective gas to create a closed environment, selecting a part sample with the grain size range of TC4 powder being 15-45 microns, the average grain size being 31 microns and the length of a side being 30mm and the thickness being 5mm, and printing.
And 2, placing the titanium alloy workpiece obtained by the SLM selective laser melting process on a workbench of a press, covering a layer of copper powder on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece to form a pure copper bottom layer 21, setting the granularity of the copper powder on the basis of 3-10 times of the surface roughness value of the 3D printed titanium alloy, doping small-granularity powder and large-granularity powder according to the requirement to realize greater compactness of the copper-containing wear-resistant coating, and lightly scraping the copper alloy workpiece by using a scraper so that the height of the copper bottom layer does not exceed the highest surface contour of the 3D printed titanium alloy workpiece, thereby enabling the bottom of the copper-containing surface layer to have a chance to directly contact with the 3D printed titanium alloy substrate and being beneficial to improving the bonding strength of the copper-containing surface layer.
And 3, covering pure copper particles uniformly mixed with wear-resistant particles on the pure copper bottom layer 21, wherein the wear-resistant particles are nano-diamond or micro-diamond, and slightly scraping the surface layer by using a scraper to obtain the copper-containing surface layer 22 with the thickness of 30 micrometers. And (3) pressing the copper-containing surface by using a press, setting the pressure to be lower than the yield strength of the 3D printing titanium alloy by 30-50MPa, ensuring that deformation mainly occurs on the wear-resistant coating, enabling the plastic deformation of the copper-containing surface to be not lower than 30%, changing the thickness of the copper-containing surface from original 30 micrometers to not more than 20 micrometers after the pressing is finished, and mechanically combining the titanium alloy substrate 1 and the coating 2 by plastic deformation in a mechanical extrusion mode.
And 4, referring to fig. 2, mechanically extruding by using a diamond press head of a microhardness meter, preparing a prismatic pit texture with the density of 20% -50% on the surface of the copper-containing surface layer 22 obtained in the previous step, wherein the prismatic texture is shown as 221 in fig. 2, the pit depth is 65 microns so as to ensure that the bottom of the pit texture penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer, the diamond press head of the microhardness meter is in a rectangular pyramid shape, performing an early search test, summarizing the relation between the press depth of the press head and the diagonal length of the press head in the horizontal plane section, accurately determining the press depth, keeping the static pressure of each pit press head for 2% -5 min when preparing the texture, and combining the titanium alloy substrate and the coating by using an extrusion mode again so as to increase the bonding strength of the coating. The problem of the surface roughness of the SLM titanium alloy workpiece is solved by preparing the copper-containing coating, the bonding strength of the copper-containing coating and the titanium alloy substrate is enhanced by the texture, and the texture also has the antifriction and wear-resisting effects of collecting abrasive particles, so that the surface performance of the workpiece is further enhanced. In order to further improve the antifriction and wear-resistant performance, mixed powder containing hard wear-resistant particles and antifriction components is filled into the pit texture, and the mixed powder can be filled in a part of the texture or the whole texture as required.
And 5, rolling the flat surface by using a press machine, and obtaining the copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of the additive manufactured titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy matrix.
It should be noted that, in determining the plastic deformation of the material, the average line strain in a specific direction may be used for characterization, or the determination may be performed by means of tissue observation experiments after the surface of the textured area is corroded, or the like, in actual operation, a certain amount of experiments may be used to establish a correspondence between the load and the deformation, so that the load selection is rapidly implemented under the corresponding conditions.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of additionally manufacturing a copper-containing wear-resistant coating 2 on the surface of a titanium alloy, wherein the wear-resistant coating is located on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate 1 and comprises a bottom layer 21 and a surface layer 22, the bottom layer is a pure copper bottom layer 21, the surface layer is a copper-containing surface layer 22 uniformly distributed with wear-resistant particles, the titanium alloy substrate 1 and the pure copper bottom layer 21 or the copper-containing surface layer 22 are mechanically combined, pit textures are uniformly distributed on the copper-containing surface layer, and the textures are obtained by processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer in a mechanical extrusion mode.
The SLM titanium alloy form has a surface roughness of 30 microns to 90 microns.
The particle size of the copper powder is 100-500 microns, the average size of the nano diamond is 200nm, and the graphene is graphene ethanol slurry.
The wear-resistant coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5-10% of graphene powder, 10-30% of nano diamond and the balance of copper powder.
The mixed powder is prepared by uniformly mixing in ethanol solution and then drying.
The preparation method of the copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of the additive manufacturing titanium alloy comprises the following steps:
step 1, using a Renisshaw AM400 3D printer, adopting an Nd: YAG laser with the wavelength of 1075nm, the diameter of a laser beam being 75 microns, adopting a method of filling argon gas as a protective gas to create a closed environment, selecting a part sample with the particle size range of TC4 powder being 15-45 microns and the average particle size being 31 microns, and printing 30mm multiplied by 5 mm.
And 2, placing the SLM titanium alloy workpiece on a workbench of a press, covering a layer of copper powder on the surface of the SLM titanium alloy workpiece to form a pure copper bottom layer 21, and lightly scraping the pure copper bottom layer by using a scraper so that the height of the copper bottom layer does not exceed the highest surface contour of the 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece.
And 3, covering pure copper particles mixed with wear-resistant particles on the pure copper bottom layer 21, and lightly scraping the pure copper particles by using a scraper to obtain the copper-containing surface layer 22 with the thickness of 30 microns. The copper-containing surface is pressed by a plane pressing head of a pressing machine so that the plastic deformation of the copper-containing surface layer is not less than 30%, and the titanium alloy substrate 1 and the coating 2 are combined in a mechanical extrusion mode. In actual processing, samples with corresponding sizes and shapes can be printed as required, and the arc-shaped surface can be extruded by adopting a matched clamp and a press head of a press.
And 4, preparing a texture with the density of 20-50% on the copper-containing surface 22 by using picosecond laser processing equipment, wherein the wavelength of the laser is 1064nm, the pulse frequency is 400kHz, the scanning speed is 300mm/s, the output power is 18W, the spot diameter is 50 microns, the pit depth is 100 microns, and the pure copper bottom layer 21 is penetrated to reach the substrate 1. The laser pit texture is shown at 222 in fig. 3. The metallurgical bonding of the copper-containing layer and the titanium alloy matrix is realized at the pit edge section by the laser processing texture, and the bonding strength of the coating and the matrix is greatly enhanced. The problem of the surface roughness of the SLM titanium alloy workpiece is solved by preparing the copper-containing coating, the bonding strength of the copper-containing coating and the titanium alloy substrate is enhanced by the texture, and the texture also has the antifriction effect of collecting abrasive particles, so that the surface performance of the workpiece is further enhanced. In order to further improve the antifriction and wear-resistant properties, a mixed powder comprising hard wear-resistant particles and antifriction components is filled into the pit texture.
And 5, rolling the flat surface by using a press machine, and obtaining the copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of the additive manufactured titanium alloy on the surface of the titanium alloy matrix.
The technical scheme of the invention adopts an additive idea, and simultaneously effectively solves the problems of surface roughness and tribological performance of the 3D printing titanium alloy parts, and can effectively promote the deep application of the 3D printing titanium alloy parts in wider industrial fields.

Claims (9)

1. The method is characterized in that the wear-resistant coating is positioned on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate, the wear-resistant coating comprises a bottom layer and a surface layer, the bottom layer is a pure copper bottom layer, the surface layer is a copper-containing surface layer uniformly distributed with wear-resistant particles, the titanium alloy substrate is mechanically combined with the pure copper bottom layer or the copper-containing surface layer, pit textures are uniformly distributed on the copper-containing surface layer, and the textures are obtained by processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer in a mechanical extrusion or laser mode; the depth of the dimple texture exceeds the lowest trough of the titanium alloy surface profile.
2. The additive manufactured titanium alloy surface copper-containing wear-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant coating surface does not contain the pit texture region with a roughness of no more than 0.8 microns.
3. An additive manufacturing titanium alloy surface copper-containing wear resistant coating according to claim 1, wherein said pit textured areas are more dense than other non-textured areas.
4. The additive manufactured titanium alloy surface copper-containing wear-resistant coating of claim 1, wherein the pit texture is filled with hard wear-resistant particles and an antifriction component.
5. The additive manufactured titanium alloy surface copper-containing wear-resistant coating of claim 4, wherein the hard wear-resistant particles are nanodiamonds and the friction reducing component is graphene.
6. The preparation process of the copper-containing wear-resistant coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece: preparing a 3D printing titanium alloy workpiece by adopting a metal 3D printer;
(2) Directly preparing a pure copper bottom layer on the surface of a titanium alloy workpiece: directly spreading pure copper particles on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece obtained in the last step;
(3) Preparation of copper-containing surface layer: the pure copper particles uniformly mixed with the wear-resistant particles are flatly paved on the surface of the pure copper bottom layer in the last step, and the combination between the pure copper particles and the titanium alloy matrix is realized by adopting a mechanical plane pressing or rolling mode;
(4) Preparation of copper-containing surface texture: processing the surface of the copper-containing surface layer by adopting a mechanical extrusion or laser treatment mode to obtain pit textures;
(5) And (3) finishing a copper-containing surface layer: and (3) mechanically rolling and finishing the pit texture copper-containing surface layer obtained in the last step to obtain a flat surface.
7. The process for preparing a copper-containing wear-resistant coating for a titanium alloy surface according to claim 6, wherein the textured bottom obtained by mechanical extrusion in step (4) penetrates the pure copper underlayer.
8. The process for preparing a copper-containing wear-resistant coating for an additive manufactured titanium alloy surface according to claim 6, wherein the pit texture bottom obtained by the laser treatment in the step (4) penetrates through the pure copper bottom layer.
9. The process for preparing a copper-containing wear-resistant coating on a titanium alloy surface by additive manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein a pressure maintaining link is arranged after the loading reaches a set value in the extrusion process.
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