CN114959388B - Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114959388B CN114959388B CN202210403112.6A CN202210403112A CN114959388B CN 114959388 B CN114959388 B CN 114959388B CN 202210403112 A CN202210403112 A CN 202210403112A CN 114959388 B CN114959388 B CN 114959388B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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Abstract
The application discloses an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag motor rotor aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of new energy automobile motors, wherein the aluminum alloy comprises 0.3-1.0wt% of Cu, 0.1-0.3wt% of Mg, 0.1-0.3wt% of Ag0.3 wt% and the balance of Al. According to the method, elements added in the cast aluminum alloy and the addition proportion of the elements are limited, so that the aluminum alloy has good heat resistance, good high-temperature creep resistance and low production cost under the condition of ensuring good mechanical properties such as conductivity, tensile strength and the like, and the method is suitable for industrial popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag motor rotor aluminum alloy and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of new energy automobile motors.
Background
Because aluminum has the advantages of low density, good electric conduction and heat conduction properties and low price, the aluminum is gradually selected to be applied to manufacturing the motor rotor of the new energy automobile to replace copper materials so as to achieve the aims of cost reduction and light weight. In order to obtain higher efficiency, the cast aluminum rotor aluminum material is required to have higher conductivity; in order to achieve higher rotational speeds, cast aluminum rotor aluminum materials are required to have higher strength.
At present, the cast aluminum rotor for the new energy automobile mainly uses high-purity aluminum, the casting process mainly comprises high-pressure casting, centrifugal casting and the like, and under the general condition, the conductivity or mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy can be improved by adding other metal elements within a certain range, but the added metal elements in the prior art have the advantages of higher cost, poorer performance improvement and low cost performance, and on the other hand, the balance of the conductivity, the mechanical property and other properties is difficult to achieve after the metal elements are added, so that the conditions of high conductivity, poorer mechanical property, poor heat resistance or low conductivity and other good properties frequently occur, and various properties are difficult to be in a good range.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy and the preparation method and application thereof are provided, and elements added by casting the aluminum alloy and the addition proportion of the elements are limited, so that the aluminum alloy has good heat resistance, good high-temperature creep resistance and low production cost under the condition of ensuring good mechanical properties such as conductivity, tensile strength and the like, and is suitable for industrial popularization.
According to one aspect of the present application, there is provided an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy comprising Cu 0.3-1.0wt%, mg 0.1-0.3wt%, ag0.1-0.3wt%, and the balance Al.
Preferably, the Al is high purity Al with a purity of greater than 99.8%.
Optionally, the content ratio of Cu, mg and Ag in the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is (3-4): (1-2): (1-2).
Optionally, in the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, the content ratio of Cu, mg and Ag is 4:1:1.
according to another aspect of the present application, there is also provided a method for preparing the above Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot, adding weighed Cu and Ag components, adding Mg component after the weighed Cu and Ag components are completely melted, and uniformly stirring;
(2) Refining at 720-740 deg.c, skimming slag and setting;
(3) Preheating a casting mould, performing centrifugal casting, stopping rotation of casting equipment after the alloy is solidified, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) performing heat treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (3), and obtaining the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy after the heat treatment.
Optionally, the heating temperature in step (1) is 710-750 ℃; the preheating temperature in the step (3) is 710-740 ℃, the centrifugal speed is 200-300r/min, and the casting temperature is 715-730 ℃.
Optionally, the refining method in the step (2) is to jet gas in a rotating way or add a refining agent accounting for 0.5-1% of the total mass of the melt, and the refining time is 10-30min.
Optionally, the heat treatment step of the step (4) is to heat the alloy obtained in the step (3) to 450-550 ℃ for the first time, heat-preserving the alloy, then performing water-cooling quenching, heat-preserving the alloy for the second time to 160-200 ℃, and then air-cooling the alloy to room temperature.
Optionally, the temperature rising rate of primary temperature rising is 80-120 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 6-10h; the temperature rising rate of the secondary temperature rising is 90-110 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 15-20h.
Optionally, the transfer time of water cooling quenching is less than 20s, the cooling speed of water cooling quenching is 25-35 ℃/s, and the cooling speed of air cooling is 2-4 ℃/min.
According to a further aspect of the application, there is provided an application of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy or the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method, which is suitable for a motor rotor of a new energy automobile.
In the present application, "room temperature" means 25 ℃.
Benefits of the present application include, but are not limited to:
1. according to the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy, elements added by casting the aluminum alloy and the addition proportion of the elements are limited, so that the aluminum alloy has good heat resistance, good high-temperature creep resistance and low production cost under the condition of ensuring good mechanical properties such as conductivity, tensile strength and the like, and is suitable for industrial popularization.
2. According to the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy, the content ratio of Cu, mg and Ag is (3-4) by limiting the specific element proportion in the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy: (1-2): (1-2) forming mainly S' (Al) in the alloy 2 CuMg) phase and omega' (Al 2 Cu), S' (Al) 2 CuMg) phase helps to improve the strength and electrical conductivity of the alloy, Ω' (Al 2 Cu) phase is beneficial to improving the strength and heat resistance of the alloy, so that the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy has good mechanical properties such as conductivity, strength and the like, and also has good heat resistance.
3. According to the preparation method of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy, the oxidation loss of Mg element can be reduced by limiting the element addition sequence, and the preparation method is carried out after centrifugal castingThe heat treatment is limited to a primary temperature rise to a higher temperature, and can promote the solid solution of a part of alloy elements in the matrix, and after water cooling quenching and secondary temperature rise, part of omega' (Al 2 Cu) phase dispersion precipitation, the high-temperature stability of the alloy is enhanced, and fine phases in the alloy are refined and precipitated through artificial aging, so that the strength of the alloy is improved, and the alloy has excellent comprehensive performance.
4. According to the preparation method of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy, the conditions of centrifugal casting, refining and heat treatment methods are limited, so that the cast aluminum alloy has the advantages of low porosity, good mechanical property and good conductivity, and meanwhile, the aluminum alloy has good high-temperature creep resistance, and the preparation method is simple and easy to operate and is easy to industrially popularize.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The reagents or materials used in the present invention may be purchased in conventional manners, and unless otherwise indicated, they may be used in conventional manners in the art or according to the product specifications. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of the present invention. The preferred methods and materials described in this patent are illustrative only.
Example 1 preparation of aluminum alloy 1#
The composition of aluminum alloy 1# is: 0.3wt% of Cu, 0.1wt% of Mg, 0.1wt% of Ag and the balance of high-purity Al.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy No. 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot, adding weighed Cu and Ag components, adding Mg component after the weighed Cu and Ag components are completely melted, and uniformly stirring;
(2) Refining at 720 ℃, skimming slag after refining, and standing;
(3) Preheating a casting mould, performing centrifugal casting, stopping rotation of casting equipment after the alloy is solidified, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) performing heat treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (3), and obtaining the aluminum alloy No. 1 after heat treatment.
Wherein the heating temperature in step (1) is 710 ℃; the refining method in the step (2) is to jet nitrogen in a rotating way, and the refining time is 10min; the preheating temperature in the step (3) is 710 ℃, the centrifugal rotating speed is 200r/min, and the casting temperature is 715 ℃; the standing time in the step (2) is 50min; the heat treatment step of the step (4) is to heat the alloy obtained in the step (3) to 450 ℃ for the first time, heat the alloy, cool the alloy with water after heat preservation, heat the alloy to 160 ℃ for the second time, and cool the alloy to room temperature after heat preservation; the temperature rising rate of primary temperature rising is 80 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 6h; the temperature rising rate of the secondary temperature rising is 90 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 15h; the transfer time of the water cooling quenching is 15s, the cooling speed of the water cooling quenching is 25 ℃/s, and the cooling speed of the air cooling is 2 ℃/min.
Example 2 preparation of aluminum alloy 2#
The composition of aluminum alloy 2# is: cu 1.0wt%, mg 0.3wt%, ag 0.3wt% and high purity Al for the rest.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy No. 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot, adding weighed Cu and Ag components, adding Mg component after the weighed Cu and Ag components are completely melted, and uniformly stirring;
(2) Refining at 740 ℃, skimming slag after refining, and standing;
(3) Preheating a casting mould, performing centrifugal casting, stopping rotation of casting equipment after the alloy is solidified, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) performing heat treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (3), and obtaining the aluminum alloy No. 2 after heat treatment.
Wherein the heating temperature in step (1) is 750 ℃; the refining method in the step (2) is to jet argon in a rotating way, and the refining time is 30min; the preheating temperature in the step (3) is 740 ℃, the centrifugal rotating speed is 300r/min, and the casting temperature is 730 ℃; the standing time in the step (2) is 40min; the heat treatment step of the step (4) is to heat the alloy obtained in the step (3) to 550 ℃ for the first time, heat the alloy, cool the alloy with water after heat preservation, heat the alloy to 200 ℃ for the second time, and cool the alloy to room temperature after heat preservation; the temperature rising rate of primary temperature rising is 120 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 10h; the temperature rising rate of the secondary temperature rising is 110 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 20h; the transfer time of the water cooling quenching is 18s, the cooling speed of the water cooling quenching is 35 ℃/s, and the cooling speed of the air cooling is 4 ℃/min.
Example 3 preparation of aluminum alloy 3#
The composition of aluminum alloy 3# is: 0.4wt% of Cu, 0.2wt% of Mg, 0.2wt% of Ag and the balance of high-purity Al.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy 3# comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot, adding weighed Cu and Ag components, adding Mg component after the weighed Cu and Ag components are completely melted, and uniformly stirring;
(2) Refining at 730 ℃, skimming slag after refining, and standing;
(3) Preheating a casting mould, performing centrifugal casting, stopping rotation of casting equipment after the alloy is solidified, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) performing heat treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (3), and obtaining the aluminum alloy 3#.
Wherein the heating temperature in the step (1) is 730 ℃; the refining method in the step (2) is to add hexachloroethane accounting for 0.8 percent of the total mass of the melt, and the refining time is 20 minutes; the preheating temperature in the step (3) is 730 ℃, the centrifugal speed is 250r/min, and the casting temperature is 720 ℃; the standing time in the step (2) is 30min; the heat treatment step of the step (4) is to heat the alloy obtained in the step (3) to 500 ℃ for the first time, heat the alloy, cool the alloy with water after heat preservation, heat the alloy to 180 ℃ for the second time, and cool the alloy to room temperature after heat preservation; the temperature rising rate of primary temperature rising is 100 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 8h; the temperature rising rate of the secondary temperature rising is 100 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 18h; the transfer time of the water cooling quenching is 15s, the cooling speed of the water cooling quenching is 30 ℃/s, and the cooling speed of the air cooling is 3 ℃/min.
Example 4 preparation of aluminum alloy 4#
The composition of aluminum alloy No. 4 is: 0.4wt% of Cu, 0.1wt% of Mg, 0.1wt% of Ag and the balance of high-purity Al.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy 4# comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot, adding weighed Cu and Ag components, adding Mg component after the weighed Cu and Ag components are completely melted, and uniformly stirring;
(2) Refining at 730 ℃, skimming slag after refining, and standing;
(3) Preheating a casting mould, performing centrifugal casting, stopping rotation of casting equipment after the alloy is solidified, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) performing heat treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (3), and obtaining the aluminum alloy No. 4 after heat treatment.
Wherein the heating temperature in the step (1) is 730 ℃; the refining method in the step (2) is to add hexachloroethane accounting for 0.8 percent of the total mass of the melt, and the refining time is 20 minutes; the preheating temperature in the step (3) is 730 ℃, the centrifugal speed is 250r/min, and the casting temperature is 720 ℃; the standing time in the step (2) is 30min; the heat treatment step of the step (4) is to heat the alloy obtained in the step (3) to 500 ℃ for the first time, heat the alloy, cool the alloy with water after heat preservation, heat the alloy to 180 ℃ for the second time, and cool the alloy to room temperature after heat preservation; the temperature rising rate of primary temperature rising is 100 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 8h; the temperature rising rate of the secondary temperature rising is 100 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 18h; the transfer time of the water cooling quenching is 15s, the cooling speed of the water cooling quenching is 30 ℃/s, and the cooling speed of the air cooling is 3 ℃/min.
Comparative example 1 comparative aluminum alloy 1#
The preparation method of the comparative aluminum alloy 1# is the same as that of the aluminum alloy 4# except that the element composition of the comparative aluminum alloy 1# is Cu 0.5wt%, mg 0.5wt%, ag 0.5wt% and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 2 comparative aluminum alloy 2#
The elemental composition of comparative aluminum alloy # 2 and aluminum alloy # 4 are the same, except that the soak temperature in step (2) in the preparation method of comparative aluminum alloy # 2 is 700 ℃.
Comparative example 3 comparative aluminum alloy 3#
The elemental composition of comparative aluminum alloy 3# is the same as that of aluminum alloy 4# except that step (2) in the preparation method of comparative aluminum alloy 3# is not refined after heat preservation at 730 ℃.
Comparative example 4 comparative aluminum alloy 4#
The elemental composition of comparative aluminum alloy 4# was the same as that of aluminum alloy 4# except that no heat treatment was performed in the preparation method of comparative aluminum alloy 4#.
Example 5 characterization of Performance
1. Sampling the respective end surfaces of an aluminum alloy 1# -4# and a comparative aluminum alloy 1# -4# respectively, wherein the size of a conductivity sample meets the requirements of GB/T12966 2008, conducting conductivity test, the size standard of a mechanical property test sample meets ASTM E8, conducting tensile property analysis, conducting heat resistance test on an RD2-3 type high-temperature creep and endurance strength tester, and measuring the alloy endurance time under the conditions of 200 ℃ and 240 MPa. The results of each test are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties, conductivity and Heat resistance test results
The result shows that the motor rotor aluminum alloy 1# 4 prepared by adopting the element components defined by the application has excellent tensile strength and yield strength, excellent mechanical properties, good conductivity, and good high-temperature durability, and can still meet the requirements of 29MS/m and above; wherein, the durability time of the aluminum alloy 4# adopting the specific element proportion defined by the application reaches 275h, which shows that the high-temperature creep resistance is good.
The ratio of Cu, mg and Ag in the comparative aluminum alloy No. 1 exceeds the ratio defined in the application, and the final result shows that the strength and other mechanical properties are poor, the tensile strength and the yield strength are low, the high-temperature duration time is short, and the high-temperature creep resistance is poor. Compared with the aluminum alloy 2# in the step (2), the heat preservation temperature is lower, the molten metal cannot be fully melted, part of the alloy cannot be fully melted into the molten metal, and the mechanical property and the high-temperature creep resistance are affected; the comparison of aluminum alloy No. 3 does not undergo a refining step, and finally shows that the strength, the conductivity and the high-temperature creep resistance are poor, and the main reasons are that the oxidized slag inclusion and the gas generated by the reaction cannot be removed, the slag inclusion damages the continuity of a metal matrix, and the generated gas causes larger pores in casting and also damages the continuity of metal; the comparative aluminum alloy # 4 was not subjected to the heat treatment step, and finally showed poor strength, conductivity and high temperature creep resistance.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application, and the scope of the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments, but is defined by the claims of the present application. Various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the technical ideas and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. An Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising 0.3-1.0wt% of Cu, 0.1-0.3wt% of Mg, 0.1-0.3wt% of Ag and the balance of Al;
in the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, the content ratio of Cu, mg and Ag is (3-4): (1-2): (1-2).
2. The Al-Cu-Mg-Ag motor rotor aluminum alloy of claim 1 wherein the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy has a Cu, mg to Ag content ratio of 4:1:1.
3. a method for producing the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) Placing an aluminum ingot in a smelting furnace, heating to melt the aluminum ingot, adding weighed Cu and Ag components, adding Mg component after the weighed Cu and Ag components are completely melted, and uniformly stirring;
(2) Refining at 720-740 deg.c, skimming slag and setting;
(3) Preheating a casting mould, performing centrifugal casting, stopping rotation of casting equipment after the alloy is solidified, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) And (3) performing heat treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (3), and obtaining the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy after the heat treatment.
4. A method of preparation according to claim 3, wherein the heating temperature in step (1) is 710-750 ℃; the preheating temperature in the step (3) is 710-740 ℃, the centrifugal speed is 200-300r/min, and the casting temperature is 715-730 ℃.
5. The process according to claim 3, wherein the refining in the step (2) is carried out by rotary blowing of a gas or adding a refining agent in an amount of 0.5 to 1% by mass based on the total mass of the melt, and the refining time is 10 to 30 minutes.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the heat treatment in the step (4) is performed by heating the alloy obtained in the step (3) to 450-550 ℃ for the first time, performing water-cooling quenching after heat preservation, heating to 160-200 ℃ for the second time, and performing air cooling to room temperature after heat preservation.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the temperature rising rate of one temperature rising is 80-120 ℃/h and the temperature keeping time is 6-10h; the temperature rising rate of the secondary temperature rising is 90-110 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 15-20h.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the transfer time of water-cooling quenching is less than 20s, the cooling rate of water-cooling quenching is 25-35 ℃/s, and the cooling rate of air cooling is 2-4 ℃/min.
9. Use of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag type motor rotor aluminum alloy according to claims 1-2 or prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3-8, characterized in that it is suitable for use in a motor rotor of a new energy automobile.
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| CN110724865A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-01-24 | 北京工业大学 | Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Si-Sc heat-resistant alloy and preparation process thereof |
| CN111424200B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-08 | 西安交通大学 | High-strength high-heat-resistance low-scandium-silver-added Al-Cu-Mg alloy and heat treatment process thereof |
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