CN113839525B - Motor cast aluminum conducting bar and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Motor cast aluminum conducting bar and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113839525B
CN113839525B CN202111116480.4A CN202111116480A CN113839525B CN 113839525 B CN113839525 B CN 113839525B CN 202111116480 A CN202111116480 A CN 202111116480A CN 113839525 B CN113839525 B CN 113839525B
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aluminum
molten
graphene
smelting furnace
alloy
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CN113839525A (en
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李秋实
罗业富
何刚
李谦
任耕北
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Inner Mongolia Lianggu Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/0012—Manufacturing cage rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0054—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product rotors, stators for electrical motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H02K15/024—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies with slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/08—Forming windings by laying conductors into or around core parts
    • H02K15/09—Forming windings by laying conductors into or around core parts by laying conductors into slotted rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/02—Windings characterised by the conductor material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Induction Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a motor cast aluminum conducting bar and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein an aluminum-copper alloy base material is added into a smelting furnace; after the aluminum-copper alloy base material is molten, adding aluminum into the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material, and heating to a molten state; after the aluminum is molten, adding zinc-magnesium alloy and rhenium; after the zinc-magnesium alloy is molten, adding a rare earth material, and uniformly stirring to obtain the molten aluminum alloy; adding graphene into the molten aluminum alloy, uniformly stirring, standing, and then removing slag on the surface layer of the molten aluminum alloy; preheating a rotor iron core, and casting the molten aluminum alloy mixed with graphene in an iron core groove of the rotor to obtain the conducting bar. The invention improves the electric conductivity, the heat conductivity and the fluidity of the aluminum alloy, and is more convenient to be used in the motor conducting bar.

Description

Motor cast aluminum conducting bar and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a conducting bar, in particular to a motor cast aluminum conducting bar and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Along with the development of society, the energy demand is continuously increased, the protection consciousness and the concept of sustainable development of non-renewable energy sources are stronger and stronger, and energy conservation and emission reduction are important tasks of various countries. Therefore, in order to realize the international commitment of China and simultaneously realize the sustainable development of the energy-saving emission-reducing task and the economy of China, the firepower generated energy is reduced, and the requirement of the power consumption can be ensured on the premise of reducing the firepower generated energy. According to statistics, the total electricity consumption of China in 2020 is 75110 hundred million kilowatt hours, wherein the industrial electricity consumption accounts for about 75%. The motor is widely used in industry, agriculture, traffic and other industries as a device for driving mechanical equipment, and is also a terminal device with the largest power consumption. According to statistics, in 2020, the motor reserve in China is about 40 billion kilowatts, and the total electricity consumption is about 4.8 trillion kilowatts, which accounts for 64% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society; in the industrial field, the motor consumes about 3.84 trillion kilowatt-hours. If the efficiency of the motor is improved by one percentage point, the total electricity consumption in China can be reduced by about 0.5 percent, and the electricity consumption of 275 hundred million kilowatt-hours is saved. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of the motor is an essential important link in the policy of energy conservation and emission reduction in China, and has very important significance and indispensable position for realizing energy conservation and emission reduction and economic sustainable development.
The motor mainly comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is cast by metals such as aluminum, copper and the like. The rotor is one of the key factors determining the efficiency of the motor, and the material of the cast rotor is more critical.
At present, the conducting bar of the motor rotor is made of industrial pure aluminum, and the cast aluminum rotor adopts a cast aluminum method to cast the conducting bar in a groove and end rings, balance columns and fan blades of two sections of an iron core, so that the rotor becomes a firm whole. The groove shape of the cast aluminum rotor is not limited by the section of copper or aluminum material, and the optimal shape can be flexibly designed; the rotor fan blades, the cage bars, the end rings and the balance columns are cast at the same time, so that the heat dissipation efficiency can be improved; the cast aluminum rotor has a symmetrical and compact structure and is easy to achieve mechanical balance. The cast aluminum rotor is widely applied due to short production period and low cost, and is suitable for mass production.
The rotor cast aluminum directly influences the size of the rotor resistance and has great influence on the starting performance and the rated rotating speed of the motor. Because the cage bars are in very close contact with the core, the cast aluminum rotor may result in large stray losses. In addition, when aluminum is cast, if the aluminum liquid flows unsmoothly, the aluminum strips in the cast aluminum rotor groove are broken or thinned, the noise of the motor is increased, and the performance is poor. Further increasing the production and use costs of the aluminum conductor material.
If copper is used as the rotor conductor material, the current die material has no substantial breakthrough, and the die-casting industry considers that the copper is not suitable for die-casting because the melting point of pure copper is 1083 ℃, the casting temperature is far higher than the melting point, the casting temperature is close to the melting point of ferrous metal, the service life of the die is short, and the fluidity of the copper is poor. Although the electrical conductivity of copper is 40% higher than that of aluminum, the electrical conductivity of copper oxidized at the time of high-temperature melting is lower than that of aluminum, and therefore, cast copper rotors have not been widely used. But also the price of copper is several times higher than that of aluminium, simply in view of the price of the material itself.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a motor cast aluminum conducting bar, and a preparation method and application of the material, so as to adjust the performance of the existing cast aluminum conducting bar and further improve the efficiency of a motor.
The purpose is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace;
step 2, after the aluminum-copper alloy base material is molten, adding aluminum into the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material, and heating to be molten;
step 3, adding zinc-magnesium alloy and rhenium after the aluminum is molten;
step 4, after the zinc-magnesium alloy is molten, adding a rare earth material, and uniformly stirring to obtain the molten aluminum alloy;
step 5, adding graphene into the molten aluminum alloy, uniformly stirring, standing, and then performing slag removal operation on the surface layer of the molten aluminum alloy;
and 6, preheating the rotor iron core, and casting the molten aluminum alloy mixed with the graphene into an iron core groove of the rotor to obtain the conducting bar. Wherein the preheating temperature is 450-550 ℃.
Further, according to the invention, the cast aluminum conducting bar is prepared, in the preparation process, firstly, the aluminum alloy is prepared by adopting the aluminum-copper alloy base material, pure aluminum, zinc-magnesium alloy, rhenium and graphene, and then the molten aluminum alloy is cast in the iron core groove of the rotor, so that the required conducting bar is obtained.
In the preparation method, the graphene is uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy, so that a good bonding interface is formed in the aluminum alloy, dislocation movement and crack expansion in the stress process of the bonding interface are hindered, gas and impurities in the aluminum alloy are reduced, crystal grains are further refined, the density of the aluminum alloy is improved, the phase of the impurities tends to spheroidization, the surface tension of the aluminum alloy is reduced, the fluidity of the aluminum alloy is increased, and the hot-working performance of the aluminum alloy is improved.
Secondly, in the preparation process, the Re element is added, and can react with impurity elements Fe and Si in the zinc-magnesium alloy and aluminum-copper alloy base materials to form an intermetallic compound of the Fe, si and Re element, so that Si originally dissolved in aluminum is precipitated in a crystal boundary, impurities in the crystal are depleted, and the conductivity of the conducting bar is improved. Secondly, the Re element is added into the aluminum alloy as a surface active element, so that the cast structure of the aluminum alloy is refined, and the scattering of conduction electrons can be further reduced, thereby greatly reducing the resistivity and increasing the conductivity;
the addition of Re also improves the castability of the aluminum alloy, since Fe is a very harmful impurity in the aluminum alloy and several ten-thousandths of Fe can form Al + FeAl 3 Eutectic silicon of largeThe crystal structure of most iron-containing phases is very thick, the mechanical property of the alloy is directly influenced, the fluidity of the alloy is reduced, the non-uniformity of the structure is increased, the existence form of the iron phase can be changed by adding the Re element, the casting property of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the fluidity of the aluminum alloy is further improved.
The aluminum alloy does not contain iron and silicon, and the removal of iron and silicon not only enables the aluminum alloy to have higher electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, but also has better fluidity, and the high electrical conductivity can further improve the efficiency of the motor for the motor rotor; the rotor has better heat conductivity, when in use, the heat in the rotor can be quickly dissipated, the use efficiency of the motor is further improved, and secondly, for the rotor with the permanent magnet arranged inside the rotor, if the conducting bars do not have better heat conductivity, most of heat is accumulated inside the rotor when in use, so that the permanent magnet is demagnetized, and further the motor is in failure; the higher fluidity can further simplify the casting efficiency, avoid the increase of motor noise and the deterioration of performance caused by the disconnection or the thinning of the aluminum strips in the cast aluminum rotor groove, and further reduce the preparation cost of the guide bar.
Compared with motor remanufacturing, all aluminum is pure aluminum, when the aluminum alloy is used for motor remanufacturing, namely when the waste conducting bars on the motor are taken down for remanufacturing, more impurities need to be removed when the waste conducting bars are used for preparing new conducting bars, therefore, boron elements need to be further adopted to remove impurity elements when the waste aluminum is used, and rare earth materials, graphene and rhenium elements are combined to enable the aluminum alloy to achieve the required performance effect.
Further, the graphene disclosed by the invention is double-layer graphene. The graphene has high conductivity due to complete crystal lattice and low defect rate, is suitable to be used as a conductive agent in the field of energy storage,
the graphene is prepared by the following steps:
step 1, reducing and purifying the graphene oxide dispersion liquid to obtain a graphene dispersion liquid;
and 2, carrying out heat treatment on the obtained graphene dispersion liquid to obtain graphene.
Wherein the number of graphene oxide layers is a single layer, and the area of the layer can reach 1-300um 2 The stripping efficiency can reach more than 95 percent relative to the raw material graphite, namely the yield can reach more than 95 percent and can reach 99.5 percent to the maximum; the graphene oxide has high sheet layer integrity, and the conductivity of the graphene obtained by chemical reduction or thermal reduction is up to more than 5000S/m.
The invention is matched with double-layer graphene for use, and can further improve the efficiency of the conducting bar prepared by the invention, thereby improving the motor efficiency.
Specifically, the adding of the aluminum-copper alloy base material in the smelting furnace comprises the following steps:
step 1, communicating a smelting furnace with an inert gas source through a gas guide pipe, continuously introducing inert gas into the smelting furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace to be less than 1% within 3-5 minutes, then heating the smelting furnace to 500-600 ℃ within 10-60 minutes under the condition of keeping the speed of conveying the inert gas into the smelting furnace stable, and preserving the temperature for 5-10 minutes;
and 2, adding the aluminum-copper alloy base material into the smelting furnace, and heating the smelting furnace to 860-1100 ℃ within 10-20 minutes to ensure that the aluminum-copper alloy base material is in a molten state.
Wherein, when the smelting furnace is kept warm, the inert gas pressure in the smelting furnace is 1.1-2.3 times of the atmospheric pressure, and when the aluminum-copper alloy base material, the zinc-magnesium alloy, the rhenium, the rare earth material and the graphene are added, the inert gas pressure in the smelting furnace is 1.1-2.3 times of the atmospheric pressure.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cast aluminum conducting bar for an electric machine, which is prepared by the above method.
Preferably, the conducting bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu:10-30%, ag:3.0-4.0%, cr:0.5-0.8%, mg:0.6-0.8%, mn:0.15-0.25%, zn:0.2-0.4%, ti:0.2-0.3%, sr:0.1-0.2%, ca:0.02 to 0.05%, zr:0.04-0.12%, sm:0.02-0.08%, Y:0.04-0.09%, eu:0.1-0.2%, la:0.1-0.18%, ce:0.02 to 0.07%, re:0.1-0.3% and the balance of Al.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the motor cast aluminum conducting bar in a motor, and the conducting bar is the motor cast aluminum conducting bar provided by the invention.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the motor cast aluminum conducting bar in a motor rotor, and the conducting bar is the motor cast aluminum conducting bar provided by the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the invention, rhenium is added into the aluminum alloy, and the rhenium and the iron and silicon in the aluminum act to further dilute the intragranular impurities, so that the conductivity of the aluminum alloy is improved.
The aluminum is combined with copper, zinc, magnesium ingots, rare earth materials, graphene and rhenium to be smelted to obtain aluminum alloy, and then the aluminum alloy is processed to obtain the motor cast aluminum rotor. According to the invention, through reasonably setting process parameters and optimizing the structure of graphene, the overall performance of the aluminum alloy is effectively improved, and the obtained cast aluminum rotor has the advantages of good plasticity, conductivity, heat resistance, flexural fatigue resistance, processability and the like.
The conductivity of the aluminum alloy is higher than that of pure aluminum, and the motor rotor obtained by the invention can obviously reduce the total loss of the motor, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the motor. Meanwhile, the loss of the motor is reduced, and the energy converted into heat energy is reduced, so that the temperature of the rotor and the stator coil is reduced, the working temperature is reduced, the service life of the motor is greatly prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced. The lower temperature means that a smaller fan can be used, even without a fan, which will reduce the friction loss of additional parts and the loss of air resistance, reduce vibration and noise, and further improve the efficiency of the motor.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the apparatus with the casting mold in the holding cavity and the lower plugging head separated from the lower end of the casting mold;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the device, wherein the casting mold is positioned outside the placing cavity.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-placing cavity, 2-casting mould, 3-lower blocking head, 4-blocking connecting rod, 5-connecting rod and 6-fixing piece.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
[ example 1 ]
A preparation method of a motor cast aluminum conducting bar comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace;
step 1.1, communicating a smelting furnace with an inert gas source through a gas guide pipe, continuously introducing inert gas into the smelting furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace to be less than 1% within 3 minutes, then heating the smelting furnace to 500 ℃ within 10 minutes under the condition of keeping the speed of conveying the inert gas into the smelting furnace stable, and keeping the temperature for 5 minutes;
step 1.2, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace, and heating the smelting furnace to 86 ℃ within 10 minutes to ensure that the aluminum-copper alloy base material is molten;
step 2, adding pure aluminum into the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material, heating the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material and the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material to a melting platform, and uniformly stirring;
step 3, adding the zinc-magnesium alloy, rhenium and the first auxiliary agent in the step 2 within 3 minutes, and keeping the temperature for 3 minutes until all metals in the smelting furnace are molten and uniformly stirred;
step 4, adding a rare earth material into the smelting furnace, uniformly stirring, and standing for 2 minutes at a constant temperature to obtain a finished molten aluminum alloy product;
step 5, adding graphene into the molten aluminum alloy, uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature, standing for 2 minutes, and removing slag on the surface layer of the molten aluminum alloy;
and 6, preheating the rotor iron core to about 450 ℃, and casting the molten aluminum alloy mixed with the graphene into an iron core groove of the rotor to obtain the conducting bar.
In this example, in step 1, the inert gas pressure in the melting furnace was 1.1 times atmospheric pressure while the melting furnace was kept warm, and the inert gas pressure in the melting furnace was kept constant in steps 2 to 5.
Secondly, in this embodiment, the graphene is a double-layer graphene;
the preparation method of the graphene comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing 1.0g of 5000-mesh natural crystalline flake graphite, 4.0g of potassium manganate and 1.0g of phosphorus pentoxide, adding the mixture into a 100mL polytetrafluoroethylene pressure kettle liner, adding a magnetic rotor, and adding 30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid at 0 ℃. And (4) placing the pressure kettle liner into the pressure kettle, and sealing the pressure kettle. A magnetic stirrer is arranged below the pressure kettle. And introducing nitrogen into the pressure kettle until the pressure is increased to 15MPa, maintaining the pressure, and starting stirring for 5min to fully mix the reactants. And then reacting the reaction kettle at 0 ℃ for 48 hours, releasing the pressure, and opening the pressure kettle to obtain a reaction product.
Centrifuging the obtained reaction product for 5min at 10000rmp, recycling the upper-layer clarifying intercalation agent, pouring the lower-layer muddy product into 50mL deionized water for dilution, adding 5mL of 1mol/L sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution to remove the high-valence oxide, centrifuging to remove clear liquid, and repeatedly centrifuging and cleaning the precipitate with deionized water until the precipitate is neutral. And dissolving the precipitate in 200mL of deionized water and performing ultrasonic treatment for 50min at 20kHz to obtain the stripped single-layer phosphorus-doped graphene oxide solution.
Adding an ascorbic acid solution with the mass 5 times that of the graphene oxide into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, centrifugally washing, drying in vacuum to obtain graphene powder, and adding the graphene powder into a high-temperature furnace for high-temperature reduction to obtain the high-conductivity graphene.
The number of layers of the high-conductivity graphene in this example was 2, and the conductivity was 5200s/m.
In this embodiment, the conductive bars include the following components by mass percent:
the weight percentages are as follows: cu:10%, ag:3.0%, cr:0.5%, mg:0.6%, mn:0.15%, zn:0.2%, ti:0.2%, sr:0.1%, ca:0.02%, zr:0.04%, sm:0.02%, Y:0.04%, eu:0.1%, la:0.1%, ce:0.02%, re:0.1 percent of Al and the balance of materials containing the components and the contents thereof;
wherein, the rare earth material comprises Sm, Y, eu, la and Ce, and the first auxiliary agent comprises Ag, cr, mn, ti, sr, ca and Zr. When the aluminum alloy is prepared, different materials and the corresponding mass of each material are obtained according to the mass percent of the components, and when the aluminum-copper alloy base material, pure aluminum, zinc-magnesium alloy, rhenium, the first auxiliary agent and the rare earth material are added, the molten aluminum alloy is prepared according to the corresponding addition of the materials and the mass.
[ example 2 ]
A preparation method of a motor cast aluminum conducting bar comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace;
step 1.1, communicating a smelting furnace with an inert gas source through a gas guide pipe, continuously introducing inert gas into the smelting furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace to be less than 1% within 5 minutes, and then heating the smelting furnace to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 minutes within 60 minutes under the condition of keeping the speed of conveying the inert gas into the smelting furnace stable;
step 1.2, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace, and heating the smelting furnace to 900 ℃ within 20 minutes to ensure that the aluminum-copper alloy base material is molten;
step 2, adding pure aluminum into the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material, heating the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material and the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material to a melting table together, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
step 3, adding the zinc-magnesium alloy, rhenium and the first auxiliary agent into the step 2 within 8 minutes, and keeping the temperature for 8 minutes until all metals in the smelting furnace are molten and uniformly stirred;
step 4, adding a rare earth material into the smelting furnace, uniformly stirring, and standing for 8 minutes at a heat preservation state to obtain a finished molten aluminum alloy product;
step 5, adding graphene into the molten aluminum alloy, uniformly stirring, keeping the temperature, standing for 8 minutes, and removing slag on the surface layer of the molten aluminum alloy;
and 6, preheating the rotor core to about 550 ℃, and casting the molten aluminum alloy mixed with the graphene into the core slot of the rotor to obtain the conducting bar.
In this example, in step 1, the inert gas pressure in the melting furnace was 2.3 times atmospheric pressure while the melting furnace was kept warm, and the inert gas pressure in the melting furnace was kept constant in steps 2 to 5.
Secondly, in this embodiment, the graphene is a double-layer graphene;
the preparation method of the graphene comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing 1.0g of 5000-mesh natural crystalline flake graphite, 4.0g of potassium manganate and 1.0g of phosphorus pentoxide, adding the mixture into a 100mL polytetrafluoroethylene pressure kettle liner, adding a magnetic rotor, and adding 30mL of concentrated sulfuric acid at 0 ℃. And (4) placing the pressure kettle liner into the pressure kettle, and sealing the pressure kettle. A magnetic stirrer is arranged below the pressure kettle. And introducing nitrogen into the pressure kettle until the pressure is increased to 15MPa, maintaining the pressure, and starting stirring for 5min to fully mix the reactants. And then reacting the reaction kettle at 0 ℃ for 48 hours, releasing the pressure, and opening the pressure kettle to obtain a reaction product.
Centrifuging the obtained reaction product for 5min at 10000rmp, recycling the upper-layer clarifying intercalation agent, pouring the lower-layer muddy product into 50mL deionized water for dilution, adding 5mL of 1mol/L sodium thiosulfate aqueous solution to remove the high-valence oxide, centrifuging to remove clear liquid, and repeatedly centrifuging and cleaning the precipitate with deionized water until the precipitate is neutral. And dissolving the precipitate in 200mL of deionized water and performing ultrasonic treatment for 50min at 20kHz to obtain the stripped single-layer phosphorus-doped graphene oxide solution.
Adding an ascorbic acid solution with the mass 5 times that of the graphene oxide into the graphene oxide dispersion liquid, centrifugally washing, drying in vacuum to obtain graphene powder, and adding the graphene powder into a high-temperature furnace for high-temperature reduction to obtain the high-conductivity graphene.
The number of layers of the high-conductivity graphene in this example was 2, and the conductivity was 5200s/m.
In this embodiment, the conductive bars include the following components by mass percent:
the weight percentages are as follows: cu:30%, ag:4.0%, cr:0.8%, mg:0.8%, mn:0.25%, zn:0.4%, ti:0.3%, sr:0.2%, ca:0.05%, zr:0.12%, sm:0.08%, Y:0.09%, eu:0.2%, la:0.18%, ce:0.07%, re:0.3 percent of Al and the balance of materials containing the components and the contents thereof;
wherein, the rare earth material comprises Sm, Y, eu, la and Ce, and the first auxiliary agent comprises Ag, cr, mn, ti, sr, ca and Zr. When the aluminum alloy is prepared, different materials and the corresponding mass of each material are obtained according to the mass percentages of the components, and when the aluminum-copper alloy base material, the pure aluminum, the zinc-magnesium alloy, the rhenium, the first auxiliary agent and the rare earth material are added, the molten aluminum alloy is prepared according to the corresponding addition of the materials and the mass.
[ example 3 ]
Based on example 1, the following weight percentages are adopted: cu:20%, ag:3.5%, cr:0.6%, mg:0.7%, mn:0.2%, zn:0.3%, ti:0.25%, sr:0.15%, ca:0.04%, zr:0.09%, sm:0.06%, Y:0.06%, eu:0.15%, la:0.17%, ce:0.05%, re:0.2% and the balance of Al. Weighing materials containing the components and the content thereof; wherein, the rare earth material comprises Sm, Y, eu, la and Ce, and the first auxiliary agent comprises Ag, cr, mn, ti, sr, ca and Zr. When the aluminum alloy is prepared, different materials and the corresponding mass of each material are obtained according to the mass percent of the components, and when the aluminum-copper alloy base material, pure aluminum, zinc-magnesium alloy, rhenium, the first auxiliary agent and the rare earth material are added, the molten aluminum alloy is prepared according to the corresponding addition of the materials and the mass. Conducting bars were prepared according to the method of step 1.
[ example 4 ]
A preparation method of a motor cast aluminum conducting bar comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace;
step 1.1, communicating a smelting furnace with an inert gas source through a gas guide pipe, continuously introducing inert gas into the smelting furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace to be less than 1% within 3 minutes, then heating the smelting furnace to 500 ℃ within 10 minutes under the condition of keeping the speed of conveying the inert gas into the smelting furnace stable, and keeping the temperature for 5 minutes;
step 1.2, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace, and heating the smelting furnace to 86 ℃ within 10 minutes to ensure that the aluminum-copper alloy base material is molten;
step 2, adding pure aluminum into the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material, heating the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material and the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material to a melting platform, and uniformly stirring;
step 3, adding the zinc-magnesium alloy, rhenium and the first auxiliary agent in the step 2 within 3 minutes, and preserving heat for 3 minutes until all metals in the smelting furnace are molten and uniformly stirred;
step 4, adding a rare earth material into the smelting furnace, uniformly stirring, and standing for 2 minutes at a constant temperature to obtain a finished molten aluminum alloy;
and 5, preheating the rotor iron core to the temperature of about 450 ℃, and casting molten aluminum alloy into an iron core groove of the rotor to obtain the conducting bar.
In this example, in step 1, the pressure of the inert gas in the melting furnace was 1.1 times the atmospheric pressure while the melting furnace was kept warm, and the pressure of the inert gas in the melting furnace was kept constant in steps 2 to 4.
In this embodiment, the conductive bars comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
the weight percentages are as follows: cu:10%, ag:3.0%, cr:0.5%, mg:0.6%, mn:0.15%, zn:0.2%, ti:0.2%, sr:0.1%, ca:0.02%, zr:0.04%, sm:0.02%, Y:0.04%, eu:0.1%, la:0.1%, ce:0.02%, re:0.1 percent of Al, and weighing the materials containing the components and the content thereof;
wherein, the rare earth material comprises Sm, Y, eu, la and Ce, and the first auxiliary agent comprises Ag, cr, mn, ti, sr, ca and Zr. When the aluminum alloy is prepared, different materials and the corresponding mass of each material are obtained according to the mass percentages of the components, and when the aluminum-copper alloy base material, the pure aluminum, the zinc-magnesium alloy, the rhenium, the first auxiliary agent and the rare earth material are added, the molten aluminum alloy is prepared according to the corresponding addition of the materials and the mass.
[ example 5 ]
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the graphene in the embodiment is single-layer graphene, and the conducting bar is obtained by the preparation method of the embodiment 1 according to the mass of the material in the embodiment 1 and the corresponding material.
[ example 6 ]
On the basis of example 1, rhenium element was not added in this example.
[ example 7 ]
The aluminum alloy of the present embodiment is an existing aluminum alloy based on embodiment 1, and the aluminum alloy contains iron and silicon elements.
[ example 8 ]
The rotors obtained in examples 1 to 7 were subjected to electrical conductivity, motor efficiency and thermal conductivity tests, the results of which are shown in table 1:
the temperature rise degree is the temperature rise degree of the motor rotor at the same power within the same time;
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003275520910000091
As can be seen from table 1, the conductivity of the conducting bars obtained in examples 1 to 3 is the highest, and the temperature rise degree of the motor rotor in the same time is the lowest in examples 1 to 3 under the same power, so that the thermal conductivity of the conducting bars of examples 1 to 3 is the best, the temperature of the electronic rotor is lower, and further, the motor efficiency of examples 1 to 3 is the highest, and the total loss of the motor can be significantly reduced by the motor rotor of examples 1 to 3, so that the overall efficiency of the motor is improved, the service life of the motor is greatly prolonged, the maintenance cost is reduced, the vibration and noise are reduced, and the efficiency of the motor is further improved. Through comprehensive comparison of the electric conductivity, the temperature rise degree and the motor efficiency, the conducting bar in the embodiment 1-3 has higher electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and motor efficiency, and is more suitable for a motor rotor.
In example 4, compared with examples 1 to 3, no graphene is present in example 4, the graphene in example 5 is single-layer graphene, and in examples 1 and 4, the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the motor efficiency of example 4 are poor, and the better performance cannot be achieved, while in example 5, the single-layer graphene is used, and compared with example 4, the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the motor efficiency of example 5 are better, but in example 5, compared with example 1, the graphene in example 1 is double-layer graphene, and under the same conditions, the conducting bar performance obtained by the double-layer graphene is better, and the electrical conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the motor efficiency of the conducting bar are more favorably improved.
Rhenium is not included in the components in example 6, no rhenium element interacts with the molten aluminum alloy, and the finally obtained conducting bar has no good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and motor efficiency compared with the conducting bars of examples 1-3.
Example 7 a bar was prepared using a conventional aluminum alloy containing fe and si elements, and the bar obtained also contained fe and si elements, and example 7 had poor motor efficiency because of poor electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity compared to examples 1 to 3, and thus table 1 shows that the bar obtained by preparing the bar from the aluminum alloy of the present invention containing no fe and si elements had better performance.
[ example 9 ]
When casting, this embodiment casts through a mould, and this mould is including casting mould 2, is provided with down shutoff head 3, hollow dummy shaft and shutoff connecting rod 4 on the casting mould 2, and lower shutoff head 3 is connected with shutoff connecting rod 4, and shutoff connecting rod 4 overlaps in hollow dummy shaft, and shutoff head 2 reciprocates in hollow dummy shaft under shutoff connecting rod 4 can drive, realizes opening or closing of solution exit. The mould further comprises a placing cavity 1 with an upper end opened for accommodating the aluminum alloy.
As shown in figure 1, two opposite side surfaces of a casting mould 2 are respectively provided with a fixing part 6, the fixing parts of the device are U-shaped, the fixing parts 6 are detachably connected with the side surfaces of a placing cavity 1, two fixing parts 6 are respectively provided with a sliding chute along the vertical direction, a connecting rod 5 is arranged on a plugging connecting rod 4, the plugging connecting rod 4 is vertically connected with the connecting rod 5,
the two ends of the connecting rod 5 are respectively positioned in the sliding grooves of the two fixing pieces 6, the two ends of the connecting rod can slide up and down in the sliding grooves, and the positions, the heights and the shapes of the two sliding grooves are the same. When the connecting rod reciprocates in the spout, shutoff connecting rod 4 drives down shutoff head 2 and reciprocates in hollow dummy shaft.
When the casting mold is used, an operator holds the connecting rod by hand, the casting mold is placed in the placing cavity, when the casting mold is placed, the open groove of the fixing piece is clamped on the side face of the placing cavity 1, when the operator holds the connecting rod by hand, the lower blocking head 3 is in contact with the solution inlet and outlet at the lower end of the casting mold 2, outside liquid cannot enter the casting mold, at the moment, as shown in fig. 1, after the casting mold is placed, the operator pushes the connecting rod downwards, the two ends of the connecting rod slide downwards in the sliding grooves, the connecting rod drives the blocking connecting rod 4 to move downwards in the hollow dummy shaft, the lower blocking head 3 is separated from the lower end of the casting mold 2, and then the solution inlet and outlet at the lower end of the casting mold cannot be leaked, at the moment, as shown in fig. 2, aluminum alloy enters the casting mold through the solution inlet and outlet, after the casting mold is filled with the casting mold, the connecting rod is lifted upwards, the connecting rod slides upwards in the sliding grooves, the connecting rod drives the blocking connecting rod 4 to move upwards in the hollow dummy shaft, the lower blocking head 3 is in contact with the lower end of the casting mold 2, the lower blocking head 3, and the solution inlet and outlet at the lower end of the lower blocking mold 2, and the lower blocking head 3, and the casting mold can be rapidly taken out of the casting mold through the connecting rod by the operator, as shown in fig. 3. And after taking out, placing the device in a cooling place for cooling, and finally obtaining a finished product.
After the fixing piece 6 is connected with the placing cavity 1, the casting mold 2 is positioned in the placing cavity 1, when the connecting rod 5 is positioned at the lower end of the sliding chute, the lower blocking head 3 is separated from the lower end of the casting mold 2, and a solution inlet and a solution outlet are opened; when the connecting rod 5 is positioned at the upper end of the sliding chute, the lower plugging head 3 is contacted with the lower end of the casting mold 2, and the solution inlet and the solution outlet are closed. When the connecting rod 5 is located at the lower end of the chute, the connecting rod 5 is located above the casting mold 2. When the connecting rod 5 is positioned at the lower end of the sliding chute, the lower plugging head 3 is in contact with the inner bottom of the casting mold 2. The lower end of the fixing member 6 is located above the lower end of the casting mold 2.
The use of "first", "second" herein is merely for clarity of description to distinguish between corresponding components and is not intended to limit any order or to emphasize importance or the like. Further, the term "connected" used herein may be directly connected or indirectly connected via other components without being particularly described.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a motor cast aluminum conducting bar is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into a smelting furnace;
step 2, after the aluminum-copper alloy base material is molten, adding aluminum into the molten aluminum-copper alloy base material, and heating to be molten;
step 3, adding zinc-magnesium alloy and rhenium after the aluminum is molten;
step 4, after the zinc-magnesium alloy is molten, adding a rare earth material, and uniformly stirring to obtain the molten aluminum alloy;
step 5, adding graphene into the molten aluminum alloy, uniformly stirring, standing, and then, carrying out slag removal operation on the surface layer of the molten aluminum alloy;
and 6, preheating the rotor iron core, and casting the molten aluminum alloy mixed with the graphene into an iron core groove of the rotor to obtain the conducting bar.
2. The method for preparing the cast aluminum conducting bar of the motor according to claim 1, wherein the graphene is double-layer graphene.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of adding an aluminum-copper alloy substrate in the melting furnace comprises:
step 1, communicating a smelting furnace with an inert gas source through a gas guide pipe, continuously introducing inert gas into the smelting furnace, enabling the oxygen content in the smelting furnace to be less than 1% within 3-5 minutes, then heating the smelting furnace to 500-600 ℃ within 10-60 minutes under the condition of keeping the speed of conveying the inert gas into the smelting furnace stable, and keeping the temperature for 5-10 minutes;
and 2, adding an aluminum-copper alloy base material into the smelting furnace, and heating the smelting furnace to 860-1100 ℃ within 10-20 minutes to ensure that the aluminum-copper alloy base material is molten.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotor core is preheated to 450-550 ℃ in step 6.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the inert gas pressure in the furnace is 1.1-2.3 times atmospheric pressure when the furnace is kept warm, and the inert gas pressure in the furnace is 1.1-2.3 times atmospheric pressure when the Al-Cu alloy substrate, the Zn-Mg alloy, the Re, the rare earth material, and the graphene are added.
6. A cast aluminium bar for an electrical machine, produced according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The cast aluminum conducting bar of the motor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the components of the conducting bar comprise, by mass: cu:10-30%, ag:3.0-4.0%, cr:0.5-0.8%, mg:0.6-0.8%, mn:0.15-0.25%, zn:0.2-0.4%, ti:0.2-0.3%, sr:0.1-0.2%, ca:0.02 to 0.05%, zr:0.04 to 0.12%, sm:0.02-0.08%, Y:0.04-0.09%, eu:0.1-0.2%, la:0.1-0.18%, ce:0.02-0.07%, re:0.1-0.3% and the balance of Al.
8. Use of a cast aluminium bar according to claim 7 in an electric machine.
9. Use of a cast aluminium bar according to claim 7 in a rotor of an electric machine.
10. A rotor for an electrical machine comprising cast aluminium conductors for an electrical machine produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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